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Abstract
Malaria remains a leading cause of death and disease in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Due to the alarming spread of resistance to almost all available antimalarial drugs, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. As the intracellular human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum depends entirely on the host to meet its nutrient requirements and the majority of its transmembrane transporters are essential and lack human orthologs, these have often been suggested as potential targets of novel antimalarial drugs. However, membrane proteins are less amenable to proteomic tools compared to soluble parasite proteins, and have thus not been characterised as well. While it had been proposed that P. falciparum had a lower number of transporters (2.5% of its predicted proteome) in comparison to most reference genomes, manual curation of information from various sources led to the identification of 197 known and putative transporter genes, representing almost 4% of all parasite genes, a proportion that is comparable to well-studied metazoan species. This transporter list presented here was compiled by collating data from several databases along with extensive literature searches, and includes parasite-encoded membrane-resident/associated channels, carriers, and pumps that are located within the parasite or exported to the host cell. It provides updated information on the substrates, subcellular localisation, class, predicted essentiality, and the presence or absence of human orthologs of P. falciparum transporters to quickly identify essential proteins without human orthologs for further functional characterisation and potential exploitation as novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Wunderlich
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Juliane Wunderlich,
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Frenis K, Kalinovic S, Ernst BP, Kvandova M, Al Zuabi A, Kuntic M, Oelze M, Stamm P, Bayo Jimenez MT, Kij A, Keppeler K, Klein V, Strohm L, Ubbens H, Daub S, Hahad O, Kröller-Schön S, Schmeisser MJ, Chlopicki S, Eckrich J, Strieth S, Daiber A, Steven S, Münzel T. Long-Term Effects of Aircraft Noise Exposure on Vascular Oxidative Stress, Endothelial Function and Blood Pressure: No Evidence for Adaptation or Tolerance Development. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:814921. [PMID: 35174211 PMCID: PMC8841864 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.814921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transportation noise is recognized as an important cardiovascular risk factor. Key mechanisms are noise-triggered vascular inflammation and oxidative stress with subsequent endothelial dysfunction. Here, we test for adaptation or tolerance mechanisms in mice in response to chronic noise exposure. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to aircraft noise for 0, 4, 7, 14 and 28d at a mean sound pressure level of 72 dB(A) and peak levels of 85 dB(A). Chronic aircraft noise exposure up to 28d caused persistent endothelial dysfunction and elevation of blood pressure. Likewise, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation as determined by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining and HPLC-based measurement of superoxide formation in the aorta/heart/brain was time-dependently increased by noise. Oxidative burst in the whole blood showed a maximum at 4d or 7d of noise exposure. Increased superoxide formation in the brain was mirrored by a downregulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (Nos3) and transcription factor Foxo3 genes, whereas Vcam1 mRNA, a marker for inflammation was upregulated in all noise exposure groups. Induction of a pronounced hearing loss in the mice was excluded by auditory brainstem response audiometry. Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation were present during the entire 28d of aircraft noise exposure. ROS formation gradually increases with ongoing exposure without significant adaptation or tolerance in mice in response to chronic noise stress at moderate levels. These data further illustrate health side effects of long-term noise exposure and further strengthen a consequent implementation of the WHO noise guidelines in order to prevent the development of noise-related future cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Frenis
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sanela Kalinovic
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Benjamin P. Ernst
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Miroslava Kvandova
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ahmad Al Zuabi
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marin Kuntic
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul Stamm
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maria Teresa Bayo Jimenez
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Kij
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karin Keppeler
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Veronique Klein
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lea Strohm
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Henning Ubbens
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steffen Daub
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael J. Schmeisser
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of the Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jonas Eckrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Strieth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- *Correspondence: Andreas Daiber, ; Thomas Münzel,
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- *Correspondence: Andreas Daiber, ; Thomas Münzel,
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Nees S, Fantuzzi F, Wellnitz T, Fischer M, Siewert J, Goettel JT, Hofmann A, Härterich M, Braunschweig H, Hering‐Junghans C. Cyclo-Dipnictadialanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24318-24325. [PMID: 34478231 PMCID: PMC8596407 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Using the AlI precursor Cp3t Al in conjunction with triphosphiranes (PAr)3 (Ar=Mes, Dip, Tip) we have succeeded in preparing Lewis base-free cyclic diphosphadialanes with both the Al and P atoms bearing three substituents. Using the sterically more demanding Dip and Tip substituents the first 1,2-diphospha-3,4-dialuminacyclobutanes were obtained, whereas with Mes substituents [Cp3t Al(μ-PMes)]2 is formed. This divergent reactivity was corroborated by DFT studies, which indicated the thermodynamic preference for the 1,2-diphospha-3,4-dialuminacyclobutane form for sterically more demanding groups on phosphorus. Using Cp*Al we could extend this concept to the corresponding cyclic diarsadialanes [Cp*Al(μ-AsAr)]2 (Ar=Dip, Tip) and additionally add the phosphorus variants [Cp*Al(μ-PAr)]2 (P=Mes, Dip, Tip). The reactivity of one variant [Cp3t Al(μ-PPh)]2 towards NHCs was tested and resulted in double NHC-stabilised [Cp3t (IiPr2 )Al(μ-PPh)]2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Nees
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Strasse 4297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Tim Wellnitz
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT)A.-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Malte Fischer
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT)A.-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Jan‐Erik Siewert
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT)A.-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - James T. Goettel
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexander Hofmann
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Marcel Härterich
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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