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Machado I, Damaskou V, Ioannidis E, Jour G, Linos K. Superficial acral calcified chondroid mesenchymal neoplasm harboring an FN1::FGFR2 fusion and review of the literature. J Cutan Pathol 2024; 51:338-344. [PMID: 38328983 PMCID: PMC11001517 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Calcified chondroid mesenchymal neoplasm is a recently recognized bone and soft tissue entity primarily found in the extremities and the temporomandibular joint. This neoplasm is typically driven by the fusion of the FN1 gene with a kinase. In this case report, we provide a detailed account of a rare superficial calcified chondroid mesenchymal neoplasm located on the left big toe, characterized by an FN1::FGFR2 fusion. The tumor exhibited a peripheral collarette and consisted of large intradermal histiocytoid to epithelioid cells with no mitotic activity. These cells displayed fine chromatin and abundant pale eosinophilic cytoplasm, forming a swirling syncytium. They were interspersed with localized areas of glassy chondromyxoid matrix containing randomly mineralized calcific material and isolated osteoclast-like giant cells. RNA sequencing confirmed the presence of an FN1 (exon 29)::FGFR2 (exon 7) gene fusion. Our report emphasizes the importance for dermatopathologists to consider this entity when evaluating superficial lesions displaying mesenchymal, chondroid, and calcified attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidro Machado
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Patologika Laboratory Hospital Quirón-Salud. Pathology Department, University of Valencia. Cancer CIBER (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vasileia Damaskou
- 2nd Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, “Attikon” University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - George Jour
- Department of Pathology and Dermatology, New York School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Konstantinos Linos
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
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2
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Fattori A, Reita D, Brinkert D, Willaume T, Gantzer J, Karanian M, Lhermitte B, Wolf T, De Pinieux G, Weingertner N. Coxal giant cell-rich tumour harbouring an NUTM1 gene fusion: a new molecular subtype of giant cell tumour of bone? Histopathology 2024; 84:1072-1075. [PMID: 38229224 DOI: 10.1111/his.15139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Fattori
- Department of Pathology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Damien Reita
- Department of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - David Brinkert
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thibault Willaume
- Department of Radiology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Justine Gantzer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Strasbourg-Europe Cancer Institute, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie Karanian
- Department of Biopathology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Benoit Lhermitte
- Department of Pathology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thibaut Wolf
- Department of Pathology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Noëlle Weingertner
- Department of Pathology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
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3
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Xu H, He YJ, Zeng SS, Wang MM, Meng XC, Gou X, Zhang J. [Polyploid giant cancer cells enhance the therapeutic resistance through cell senescence escape]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2024; 53:413-418. [PMID: 38556832 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20231024-00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- H Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, the Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Y J He
- School of Basic Medicine, the Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - S S Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, the Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - M M Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, the Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - X C Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, the Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - X Gou
- School of Basic Medicine, the Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - J Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, the Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Purwono PB, Vacharathit V, Manopwisedjaroen S, Ludowyke N, Suksatu A, Thitithanyanont A. Infection kinetics, syncytia formation, and inflammatory biomarkers as predictive indicators for the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern in Calu-3 cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301330. [PMID: 38568894 PMCID: PMC10990222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has led to the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants as a result of continued host-virus interaction and viral genome mutations. These variants have been associated with varying levels of transmissibility and disease severity. We investigated the phenotypic profiles of six SARS-CoV-2 variants (WT, D614G, Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron) in Calu-3 cells, a human lung epithelial cell line. In our model demonstrated that all variants, except for Omicron, had higher efficiency in virus entry compared to the wild-type. The Delta variant had the greatest phenotypic advantage in terms of early infection kinetics and marked syncytia formation, which could facilitate cell-to-cell spreading, while the Omicron variant displayed slower replication and fewer syncytia formation. We also identified the Delta variant as the strongest inducer of inflammatory biomarkers, including pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (IP-10/CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-6), anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1RA), and growth factors (FGF-2 and VEGF-A), while these inflammatory mediators were not significantly elevated with Omicron infection. These findings are consistent with the observations that there was a generally more pronounced inflammatory response and angiogenesis activity within the lungs of COVID-19 patients as well as more severe symptoms and higher mortality rate during the Delta wave, as compared to less severe symptoms and lower mortality observed during the current Omicron wave in Thailand. Our findings suggest that early infectivity kinetics, enhanced syncytia formation, and specific inflammatory mediator production may serve as predictive indicators for the virulence potential of future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyo Budi Purwono
- Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Vimvara Vacharathit
- Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Science, Systems Biology of Diseases Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Natali Ludowyke
- Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ampa Suksatu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arunee Thitithanyanont
- Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology, Pornchai Matangkasombut Center for Microbial Genomics, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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5
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Stinissen R, Wyckmans M, Sieben A, Reynders T, Loos CMJ. Giant cell vasculitis as a mimicker of cerebral amyloid angiopathy related inflammatory disease. Acta Neurol Belg 2024; 124:689-691. [PMID: 37702963 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-023-02376-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Stinissen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Martin Wyckmans
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Anne Sieben
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Neuropathology Lab, Born-Bunge Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tatjana Reynders
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Research Group on Translational NeuroSciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Caroline M J Loos
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Research Group on Translational NeuroSciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Zhang X, King C, Dowell A, Moss P, Harper L, Chanouzas D, Ruan XZ, Salama AD. CD36 regulates macrophage and endothelial cell activation and multinucleate giant cell formation in anti neutrophil cytoplasm antibody vasculitis. Clin Immunol 2024; 260:109914. [PMID: 38286173 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.109914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate CD36 in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), a condition characterized by monocyte/macrophage activation and vascular damage. METHODS CD36 expression was assessed in AAV patients and healthy controls (HC). The impact of palmitic acid (PA) stimulation on multinucleate giant cell (MNGC) formation, macrophage, and endothelial cell activation, with or without CD36 knockdown, was examined. RESULTS CD36 was overexpressed on AAV patients' monocytes compared to HC, regardless of disease activity. AAV patients exhibited elevated soluble CD36 levels in serum and plasma and PR3-ANCA patients' monocytes demonstrated increased MNGC formation following PA stimulation compared to HC. PA stimulation of macrophages or endothelial cells resulted in heightened CD36 expression, cell activation, increased macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) production, and c-Myc expression, with attenuation upon CD36 knockdown. CONCLUSION CD36 participates in macrophage and endothelial cell activation and MNGC formation, features of AAV pathogenesis. AAV treatment may involve targeting CD36 or MIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- UCL Centre for Kidney and Bladder Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Catherine King
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical & Dental Sciences University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexander Dowell
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical & Dental Sciences University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical & Dental Sciences University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lorraine Harper
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical & Dental Sciences University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dimitrios Chanouzas
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical & Dental Sciences University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Xiong-Zhong Ruan
- UCL Centre for Kidney and Bladder Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alan David Salama
- UCL Centre for Kidney and Bladder Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
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Yang L, Liang P, Yang H, Coyne CB. Trophoblast organoids with physiological polarity model placental structure and function. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261528. [PMID: 37676312 PMCID: PMC10499031 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human trophoblast organoids (TOs) are a three-dimensional ex vivo culture model that can be used to study various aspects of placental development, physiology and pathology. However, standard culturing of TOs does not recapitulate the cellular orientation of chorionic villi in vivo given that the multi-nucleated syncytiotrophoblast (STB) develops largely within the inner facing surfaces of these organoids (STBin). Here, we developed a method to culture TOs under conditions that recapitulate the cellular orientation of chorionic villi in vivo. We show that culturing STBin TOs in suspension with gentle agitation leads to the development of TOs containing the STB on the outer surface (STBout). Using membrane capacitance measurements, we determined that the outermost surface of STBout organoids contain large syncytia comprising >50 nuclei, whereas STBin organoids contain small syncytia (<10 nuclei) and mononuclear cells. The growth of TOs under conditions that mimic the cellular orientation of chorionic villi in vivo thus allows for the study of a variety of aspects of placental biology under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liheng Yang
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Pengfei Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Huanghe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Carolyn B. Coyne
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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8
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Henes J, Richter JG, Thiele K, Kiltz U, Callhoff J, Albrecht K. Trends in health care of patients with vasculitides, including giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis, ANCA-associated vasculitis and Behçet's disease: cross-sectional data of the German National Database 2007-2021. Rheumatol Int 2024; 44:497-507. [PMID: 38180499 PMCID: PMC10866751 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to present the current care situation of patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA), Takayasu arteritis (TAK), ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) and Behçet's disease (BD). Trends over the last 15 years will reflect improvements and remaining deficits in the management of vasculitides. Consecutive cross-sectional data from patients with vasculitides from the German National Database (NDB) of the Collaborative Arthritis Centres between 2007 and 2021 were included. Medication, physician- and patient-reported outcomes on disease activity and disease burden, inpatient stays and occupational participation are compared for different vasculitis entities and over time. Employment rates were compared to German population rates. Between 502 and 854 vasculitis patients were annually documented. GCA and AAV were the most common vasculitides. Median disease duration ranged from 2 to 16 years. Over the years, glucocorticoids decreased in proportion and dose, most markedly in GCA and TAK, while biologic therapies increased up to 27%. Physicians rated disease activity as low for the vast majority of patients, while patients-reported moderate outcomes in many dimensions. PROs remained largely unchanged. The proportion of employed patients (< 65 years) increased from 47 to 57%. In recent years, biologics are increasingly used in patients with vasculitides, while glucocorticoids decreased significantly. PRO's have not improved. Work participation increased but remains lower than that in the German population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Henes
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases and Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jutta G Richter
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Hiller Research Centre Rheumatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katja Thiele
- Programme Area Epidemiology and Health Services Research, German Rheumatism Research Centre Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta Kiltz
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Herne, Germany
| | - Johanna Callhoff
- Programme Area Epidemiology and Health Services Research, German Rheumatism Research Centre Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katinka Albrecht
- Programme Area Epidemiology and Health Services Research, German Rheumatism Research Centre Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Govednik T, Lainšček D, Kuhar U, Lachish M, Janežič S, Štrbenc M, Krapež U, Jerala R, Atlas D, Manček-Keber M. TXM peptides inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection, syncytia formation, and lower inflammatory consequences. Antiviral Res 2024; 222:105806. [PMID: 38211737 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
After three years of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the search and availability of relatively low-cost benchtop therapeutics for people not at high risk for a severe disease are still ongoing. Although vaccines and new SARS-CoV-2 variants reduce the death toll, the long COVID-19 along with neurologic symptoms can develop and persist even after a mild initial infection. Reinfections, which further increase the risk of sequelae in multiple organ systems as well as the risk of death, continue to require caution. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is an important target for both vaccines and therapeutics. The presence of disulfide bonds in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein is essential for its binding to the human ACE2 receptor and cell entry. Here, we demonstrate that thiol-reducing peptides based on the active site of oxidoreductase thioredoxin 1, called thioredoxin mimetic (TXM) peptides, can prevent syncytia formation, SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells, and infection in a mouse model. We also show that TXM peptides inhibit the redox-sensitive HIV pseudotyped viral cell entry. These results support disulfide targeting as a common therapeutic strategy for treating infections caused by viruses using redox-sensitive fusion. Furthermore, TXM peptides exert anti-inflammatory properties by lowering the activation of NF-κB and IRF signaling pathways, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokines in mice. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the TXM peptides, which also cross the blood-brain barrier, in combination with prevention of viral infections, may provide a beneficial clinical strategy to lower viral infections and mitigate severe consequences of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Govednik
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Graduate School of Biomedicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Duško Lainšček
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Centre of Excellence EN-FIST, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urška Kuhar
- Institute for Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marva Lachish
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Sandra Janežič
- National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Malan Štrbenc
- Institute for Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Krapež
- Institute of Poultry, Birds, Small Mammals and Reptiles, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roman Jerala
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Centre of Excellence EN-FIST, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Daphne Atlas
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
| | - Mateja Manček-Keber
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Centre of Excellence EN-FIST, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Kuroki K, Yamamoto M, Sato A. Successful treatment of life-threatening giant cell myocarditis in a patient with Brugada syndrome, controlled through dual ablation procedures and immunosuppressive therapy. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2024; 25:e97. [PMID: 37855459 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jead269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kuroki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
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Yang SJ, Lu MJ, Wang HY, Zhao SH. [A case of giant cell myocarditis diagnosed in vivo with magnetic resonance imaging]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2024; 52:82-84. [PMID: 38220460 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20231010-00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- S J Yang
- Department of Cardiac MR, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - M J Lu
- Department of Cardiac MR, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - H Y Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - S H Zhao
- Department of Cardiac MR, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
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12
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Su Z, Wei J, Yuan X. Giant cell-rich solitary fibrous tumour of the urinary bladder: case report of an unusual histological variant and literature review. Diagn Pathol 2024; 19:20. [PMID: 38263153 PMCID: PMC10804537 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-024-01442-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Giant cell-rich solitary fibrous tumour (GCR-SFT), previously referred to as giant cell angiofibroma, is an uncommon soft tissue tumour that classically occurs in the orbit but very rarely presents in deep organs. Here, we present a case of GCR-SFT occurring in the urinary bladder, which is one of the unusual histological subtypes of SFT. CASE PRESENTATION A 56-year-old man was incidentally found to have a mass measuring 4.5 × 4.3 × 4.0 cm located in the left posterior wall of the bladder by computed tomography during a physical examination. The lesion was confirmed as GCR-SFT by pathological examination after laparoscopic radical surgery. Histopathologically, the tumour was a well-circumscribed, nonencapsulated lesion that was composed of bland spindle-ovoid tumour cells alternating with hypocellular and hypercellular areas, staghorn-like vasculatures and scattered large dark-stained multinucleate giant cells lining pseudovascular spaces. The spindle-ovoid cells and multinucleate giant cells showed strong and diffuse expression of CD34 and nuclear STAT6. In addition, the hallmark of the NAB2ex4-STAT6ex5 fusion gene was detected by RT‒PCR. The patient was classified as having a low risk of recurrence or metastasis according to the risk stratification criteria. The patient underwent regular follow-up for 34 months after surgery, and there was no evidence of local recurrence or metastasis. CONCLUSION This is the first reported case of GCR-SFT occurring in the urinary bladder with underlying NAB2ex4-STAT6ex5 fusion. Complete surgical excision of the tumour and long-term follow-up are recommended to ensure no local recurrence or metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Su
- Department of Pathology, Maoming People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Maoming City, China
| | - Jianguo Wei
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Xiaolu Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Maoming People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Maoming City, China.
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13
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Xie M. Virus-Induced Cell Fusion and Syncytia Formation. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:283-318. [PMID: 37996683 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Most enveloped viruses encode viral fusion proteins to penetrate host cell by membrane fusion. Interestingly, many enveloped viruses can also use viral fusion proteins to induce cell-cell fusion, both in vitro and in vivo, leading to the formation of syncytia or multinucleated giant cells (MGCs). In addition, some non-enveloped viruses encode specialized viral proteins that induce cell-cell fusion to facilitate viral spread. Overall, viruses that can induce cell-cell fusion are nearly ubiquitous in mammals. Virus cell-to-cell spread by inducing cell-cell fusion may overcome entry and post-entry blocks in target cells and allow evasion of neutralizing antibodies. However, molecular mechanisms of virus-induced cell-cell fusion remain largely unknown. Here, I summarize the current understanding of virus-induced cell fusion and syncytia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maorong Xie
- Division of Infection and Immunity, UCL, London, UK.
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14
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Sieler M, Dittmar T. Cell Fusion and Syncytia Formation in Cancer. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:433-465. [PMID: 37996689 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The natural phenomenon of cell-cell fusion does not only take place in physiological processes, such as placentation, myogenesis, or osteoclastogenesis, but also in pathophysiological processes, such as cancer. More than a century ago postulated, today the hypothesis that the fusion of cancer cells with normal cells leads to the formation of cancer hybrid cells with altered properties is in scientific consensus. Some studies that have investigated the mechanisms and conditions for the fusion of cancer cells with other cells, as well as studies that have characterized the resulting cancer hybrid cells, are presented in this review. Hypoxia and the cytokine TNFα, for example, have been found to promote cell fusion. In addition, it has been found that both the protein Syncytin-1, which normally plays a role in placentation, and phosphatidylserine signaling on the cell membrane are involved in the fusion of cancer cells with other cells. In human cancer, cancer hybrid cells were detected not only in the primary tumor, but also in the circulation of patients as so-called circulating hybrid cells, where they often correlated with a worse outcome. Although some data are available, the questions of how and especially why cancer cells fuse with other cells are still not fully answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Sieler
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany.
| | - Thomas Dittmar
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
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15
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Dobrovolny HM. Mathematical Modeling of Virus-Mediated Syncytia Formation: Past Successes and Future Directions. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:345-370. [PMID: 37996686 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Many viruses have the ability to cause cells to fuse into large multi-nucleated cells, known as syncytia. While the existence of syncytia has long been known and its importance in helping spread viral infection within a host has been understood, few mathematical models have incorporated syncytia formation or examined its role in viral dynamics. This review examines mathematical models that have incorporated virus-mediated cell fusion and the insights they have provided on how syncytia can change the time course of an infection. While the modeling efforts are limited, they show promise in helping us understand the consequences of syncytia formation if future modeling efforts can be coupled with appropriate experimental efforts to help validate the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana M Dobrovolny
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
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16
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Matuszkiewicz M, Sobczak M. Syncytium Induced by Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:371-403. [PMID: 37996687 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes from the genera Globodera, Heterodera (cyst-forming nematodes), and Meloidogyne (root-knot nematodes) are notorious and serious pests of crops. They cause tremendous economic losses between US $80 and 358 billion a year. Nematodes infect the roots of plants and induce the formation of specialised feeding structures (syncytium and giant cells, respectively) that nourish juveniles and adults of the nematodes. The specialised secretory glands enable nematodes to synthesise and secrete effectors that facilitate migration through root tissues and alter the morphogenetic programme of host cells. The formation of feeding sites is associated with the suppression of plant defence responses and deep reprogramming of the development and metabolism of plant cells.In this chapter, we focus on syncytia induced by the sedentary cyst-forming nematodes and provide an overview of ultrastructural changes that occur in the host roots during syncytium formation in conjunction with the most important molecular changes during compatible and incompatible plant responses to infection with nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Matuszkiewicz
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mirosław Sobczak
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Kloc M, Tworzydło W, Szklarzewicz T. Germline and Somatic Cell Syncytia in Insects. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:47-63. [PMID: 37996672 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Syncytia are common in the animal and plant kingdoms both under normal and pathological conditions. They form through cell fusion or division of a founder cell without cytokinesis. A particular type of syncytia occurs in invertebrate and vertebrate gametogenesis when the founder cell divides several times with partial cytokinesis producing a cyst (nest) of germ line cells connected by cytoplasmic bridges. The ultimate destiny of the cyst's cells differs between animal groups. Either all cells of the cyst become the gametes or some cells endoreplicate or polyploidize to become the nurse cells (trophocytes). Although many types of syncytia are permanent, the germ cell syncytium is temporary, and eventually, it separates into individual gametes. In this chapter, we give an overview of syncytium types and focus on the germline and somatic cell syncytia in various groups of insects. We also describe the multinuclear giant cells, which form through repetitive nuclear divisions and cytoplasm hypertrophy, but without cell fusion, and the accessory nuclei, which bud off the oocyte nucleus, migrate to its cortex and become included in the early embryonic syncytium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
- The Houston Methodist Hospital, Department of Surgery, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Wacław Tworzydło
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Teresa Szklarzewicz
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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18
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Mayer A, McLaughlin G, Gladfelter A, Glass NL, Mela A, Roper M. Syncytial Assembly Lines: Consequences of Multinucleate Cellular Compartments for Fungal Protein Synthesis. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:159-183. [PMID: 37996678 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Fast growth and prodigious cellular outputs make fungi powerful tools in biotechnology. Recent modeling work has exposed efficiency gains associated with dividing the labor of transcription over multiple nuclei, and experimental innovations are opening new windows on the capacities and adaptations that allow nuclei to behave autonomously or in coordination while sharing a single, common cytoplasm. Although the motivation of our review is to motivate and connect recent work toward a greater understanding of fungal factories, we use the analogy of the assembly line as an organizing idea for studying coordinated gene expression, generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Mayer
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Grace McLaughlin
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amy Gladfelter
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - N Louise Glass
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Mela
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Marcus Roper
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Computational Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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19
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Płachno BJ, Kapusta M, Świątek P. Syncytia in Utricularia: Origin and Structure. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:143-155. [PMID: 37996677 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In animals and plants, multinucleate cells (syncytia and coenocytes) are essential in ontogeny and reproduction. Fuso-morphogenesis is the formation of multinucleated syncytia by cell-cell fusion, but coenocytes are formed as a result of mitosis without cytokinesis. However, in plants, coenocytes are more widespread than true syncytia. Except for articulated laticifers, most plant syncytia have a trophic function. Here, we summarize the results of histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural analyses of syncytia in the Utricularia species from the Lentibulariaceae family. Utricularia syncytia, known only from a few species, are heterokaryotic because the syncytium possesses nuclei from two different sources: cells of maternal sporophytic nutritive tissue (placenta) and endosperm haustorium. Thus, syncytium contains both maternal and paternal genetic material. In species from section Utricularia, syncytia are highly active structures (with hypertrophied nuclei, cell wall ingrowths, and extensive cytoskeleton) that exist only during embryo development. They serve as an example of evolutionary unique trophic structures in the plant kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz J Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Kapusta
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Świątek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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20
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Lee JD, Menasche BL, Mavrikaki M, Uyemura MM, Hong SM, Kozlova N, Wei J, Alfajaro MM, Filler RB, Müller A, Saxena T, Posey RR, Cheung P, Muranen T, Heng YJ, Paulo JA, Wilen CB, Slack FJ. Differences in syncytia formation by SARS-CoV-2 variants modify host chromatin accessibility and cellular senescence via TP53. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113478. [PMID: 37991919 PMCID: PMC10785701 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a significant public health threat due to the ability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants to evade the immune system and cause breakthrough infections. Although pathogenic coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV lead to severe respiratory infections, how these viruses affect the chromatin proteomic composition upon infection remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we use our recently developed integrative DNA And Protein Tagging methodology to identify changes in host chromatin accessibility states and chromatin proteomic composition upon infection with pathogenic coronaviruses. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces TP53 stabilization on chromatin, which contributes to its host cytopathic effect. We mapped this TP53 stabilization to the SARS-CoV-2 spike and its propensity to form syncytia, a consequence of cell-cell fusion. Differences in SARS-CoV-2 spike variant-induced syncytia formation modify chromatin accessibility, cellular senescence, and inflammatory cytokine release via TP53. Our findings suggest that differences in syncytia formation alter senescence-associated inflammation, which varies among SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Lee
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Bridget L Menasche
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Maria Mavrikaki
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Madison M Uyemura
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Su Min Hong
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nina Kozlova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mia M Alfajaro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Renata B Filler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Arne Müller
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tanvi Saxena
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ryan R Posey
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Priscilla Cheung
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Taru Muranen
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yujing J Heng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Frank J Slack
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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21
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Chang R, Prakash M. Topological damping in an ultrafast giant cell. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303940120. [PMID: 37792511 PMCID: PMC10576051 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303940120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular systems are known to exhibit some of the fastest movements in biology, but little is known as to how single cells can dissipate this energy rapidly and adapt to such large accelerations without disrupting internal architecture. To address this, we investigate Spirostomum ambiguum-a giant cell (1-4 mm in length) well-known to exhibit ultrafast contractions (50% of body length) within 5 ms with a peak acceleration of 15[Formula: see text]. Utilizing transmitted electron microscopy and confocal imaging, we identify an association of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and vacuoles throughout the cell-forming a contiguous fenestrated membrane architecture that topologically entangles these two organelles. A nearly uniform interorganelle spacing of 60 nm is observed between RER and vacuoles, closely packing the entire cell. Inspired by the entangled organelle structure, we study the mechanical properties of entangled deformable particles using a vertex-based model, with all simulation parameters matching 10 dimensionless numbers to ensure dynamic similarity. We demonstrate how entangled deformable particles respond to external loads by an increased viscosity against squeezing and help preserve spatial relationships. Because this enhanced damping arises from the entanglement of two networks incurring a strain-induced jamming transition at subcritical volume fractions, which is demonstrated through the spatial correlation of velocity direction, we term this phenomenon "topological damping." Our findings suggest a mechanical role of RER-vacuolar meshwork as a metamaterial capable of damping an ultrafast contraction event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA94305
| | - Manu Prakash
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA94305
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA94305
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA94158
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22
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Jolobe OMP. Idiopathic Giant Cell Myocarditis: A Subtype of Granulomatous Myocarditis? Am J Med 2023; 136:e210. [PMID: 37734812 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
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23
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Opalko H, Geng S, Hall AR, Vavylonis D, Moseley JB. Design principles of Cdr2 node patterns in fission yeast cells. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:br18. [PMID: 37610834 PMCID: PMC10559309 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-04-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern-forming networks have diverse roles in cell biology. Rod-shaped fission yeast cells use pattern formation to control the localization of mitotic signaling proteins and the cytokinetic ring. During interphase, the kinase Cdr2 forms membrane-bound multiprotein complexes termed nodes, which are positioned in the cell middle due in part to the node inhibitor Pom1 enriched at cell tips. Node positioning is important for timely cell cycle progression and positioning of the cytokinetic ring. Here, we combined experimental and modeling approaches to investigate pattern formation by the Pom1-Cdr2 system. We found that Cdr2 nodes accumulate near the nucleus, and Cdr2 undergoes nucleocytoplasmic shuttling when cortical anchoring is reduced. We generated particle-based simulations based on tip inhibition, nuclear positioning, and cortical anchoring. We tested model predictions by investigating Pom1-Cdr2 localization patterns after perturbing each positioning mechanism, including in both anucleate and multinucleated cells. Experiments show that tip inhibition and cortical anchoring alone are sufficient for the assembly and positioning of nodes in the absence of the nucleus, but that the nucleus and Pom1 facilitate the formation of unexpected node patterns in multinucleated cells. These findings have implications for spatial control of cytokinesis by nodes and for spatial patterning in other biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Opalko
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Shuhan Geng
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18016
| | - Aaron R. Hall
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18016
| | - Dimitrios Vavylonis
- Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18016
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010
| | - James B. Moseley
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
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24
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Shaker N, Phelps R, Niedt G, Patel A, Wu D, Aung PP, Prieto V, Church A, Pradhan D. Cutaneous Atypical Fibroxanthoma With Osteoclast-Like Giant Cell: A Rare but Diagnostic Pitfall. Am J Dermatopathol 2023; 45:704-707. [PMID: 37708369 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a dermal-based, low-grade neoplasm with no specific lineage of differentiation. The occurrence of AFX with osteoclast-like giant cells is exceptionally rare. Less than 20 cases have been reported in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION A 77-year-old man with a medical history of multiple basal and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin, presented with a progressively growing erythematous nodule on the sun-damaged right central parietal scalp. A shave biopsy showed a dermal spindle cell proliferation accompanied by numerous osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells and predominant atypical mitotic figures. The immunohistochemical staining showed a diffuse positive staining for CD68 and SMA, patchy staining for CD10, and negative staining for SOX-10, pan-cytokeratin, CK5/6, S100, CD34, and desmin. The tumor was completely excised with negative margins. A subsequent follow-up over a period of 13 months showed no recurrence. CONCLUSION Distinguishing AFX with osteoclast-like giant cells from both malignant and benign skin lesions with osteoclast-like giant cells is crucial. Although AFX tumors display worrisome malignant histologic features, most cases have a favorable prognosis with a local recurrence rate below 5% and exceedingly rare metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Shaker
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Robert Phelps
- Departments of Dermatology and Dermatopathology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - George Niedt
- Departments of Dermatology and Dermatopathology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ankush Patel
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Douglas Wu
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Phyu P Aung
- Department of Dermatopathology and Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Victor Prieto
- Department Chair, Department of Dermatopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and
| | - Ann Church
- Department of Dermatopathology, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Dinesh Pradhan
- Department of Dermatopathology, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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25
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Gonzales-Viera OA, Clifford DL, Manning S, Rudd JL. Cutaneous Histiocytic Sarcoma with Giant Cells in a Free-ranging Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani). J Wildl Dis 2023; 59:807-810. [PMID: 37490418 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-22-00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
A cutaneous mass in a free-ranging brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani) was composed of neoplastic spindle to polygonal cells with multinucleated giant cells, which were positive for CD204 and negative for smooth muscle actin and desmin. Histiocytic sarcoma with giant cells was diagnosed; this neoplasm has not been reported previously in free-ranging lagomorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A Gonzales-Viera
- California Animal Health and Food Safety (CAHFS), Davis Lab, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 620 W Health Sciences Drive, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Deana L Clifford
- Wildlife Health Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1701 Nimbus Road, Rancho Cordova, California 95670, USA
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology and Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Susan Manning
- Tri County Wildlife Care, PO Box 367, Jackson, California 95642, USA
| | - Jaime L Rudd
- Wildlife Health Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1701 Nimbus Road, Rancho Cordova, California 95670, USA
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26
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Zhang Q, Tang W, Stancanelli E, Jung E, Syed Z, Pagadala V, Saidi L, Chen CZ, Gao P, Xu M, Pavlinov I, Li B, Huang W, Chen L, Liu J, Xie H, Zheng W, Ye Y. Host heparan sulfate promotes ACE2 super-cluster assembly and enhances SARS-CoV-2-associated syncytium formation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5777. [PMID: 37723160 PMCID: PMC10507024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41453-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes spike-dependent fusion of infected cells with ACE2 positive neighboring cells, generating multi-nuclear syncytia that are often associated with severe COVID. To better elucidate the mechanism of spike-induced syncytium formation, we combine chemical genetics with 4D confocal imaging to establish the cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) as a critical stimulator for spike-induced cell-cell fusion. We show that HS binds spike and promotes spike-induced ACE2 clustering, forming synapse-like cell-cell contacts that facilitate fusion pore formation between ACE2-expresing and spike-transfected human cells. Chemical or genetic inhibition of HS mitigates ACE2 clustering, and thus, syncytium formation, whereas in a cell-free system comprising purified HS and lipid-anchored ACE2, HS stimulates ACE2 clustering directly in the presence of spike. Furthermore, HS-stimulated syncytium formation and receptor clustering require a conserved ACE2 linker distal from the spike-binding site. Importantly, the cell fusion-boosting function of HS can be targeted by an investigational HS-binding drug, which reduces syncytium formation in vitro and viral infection in mice. Thus, HS, as a host factor exploited by SARS-CoV-2 to facilitate receptor clustering and a stimulator of infection-associated syncytium formation, may be a promising therapeutic target for severe COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Weichun Tang
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Virus Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Eduardo Stancanelli
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Eunkyung Jung
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Zulfeqhar Syed
- Electron Microscopy Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vijayakanth Pagadala
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Glycan Therapeutics Corp, 617 Hutton Street, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Layla Saidi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Catherine Z Chen
- The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Miao Xu
- The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Ivan Pavlinov
- The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Bing Li
- The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Wenwei Huang
- The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Liqiang Chen
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hang Xie
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Virus Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Yihong Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Przybyszewska-Podstawka A, Czapiński J, Kałafut J, Rivero-Müller A. Synthetic circuits based on split Cas9 to detect cellular events. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14988. [PMID: 37696879 PMCID: PMC10495424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biology involves the engineering of logic circuit gates that process different inputs to produce specific outputs, enabling the creation or control of biological functions. While CRISPR has become the tool of choice in molecular biology due to its RNA-guided targetability to other nucleic acids, it has not been frequently applied to logic gates beyond those controlling the guide RNA (gRNA). In this study, we present an adaptation of split Cas9 to generate logic gates capable of sensing biological events, leveraging a Cas9 reporter (EGxxFP) to detect occurrences such as cancer cell origin, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cell-cell fusion. First, we positioned the complementing halves of split Cas9 under different promoters-one specific to cancer cells of epithelial origin (phCEA) and the other a universal promoter. The use of self-assembling inteins facilitated the reconstitution of the Cas9 halves. Consequently, only cancer cells with an epithelial origin activated the reporter, exhibiting green fluorescence. Subsequently, we explored whether this system could detect biological processes such as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). To achieve this, we designed a logic gate where one half of Cas9 is expressed under the phCEA, while the other is activated by TWIST1. The results showed that cells undergoing EMT effectively activated the reporter. Next, we combined the two inputs (epithelial origin and EMT) to create a new logic gate, where only cancer epithelial cells undergoing EMT activated the reporter. Lastly, we applied the split-Cas9 logic gate as a sensor of cell-cell fusion, both in induced and naturally occurring scenarios. Each cell type expressed one half of split Cas9, and the induction of fusion resulted in the appearance of multinucleated syncytia and the fluorescent reporter. The simplicity of the split Cas9 system presented here allows for its integration into various cellular processes, not only as a sensor but also as an actuator.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jakub Czapiński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Kałafut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Adolfo Rivero-Müller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
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Hazra S, Kalyan Dinda S, Kumar Mondal N, Hossain SR, Datta P, Yasmin Mondal A, Malakar P, Manna D. Giant cells: multiple cells unite to survive. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1220589. [PMID: 37790914 PMCID: PMC10543420 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1220589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multinucleated Giant Cells (MGCs) are specialized cells that develop from the fusion of multiple cells, and their presence is commonly observed in human cells during various infections. However, MGC formation is not restricted to infections alone but can also occur through different mechanisms, such as endoreplication and abortive cell cycle. These processes lead to the formation of polyploid cells, eventually resulting in the formation of MGCs. In Entamoeba, a protozoan parasite that causes amoebic dysentery and liver abscesses in humans, the formation of MGCs is a unique phenomenon and not been reported in any other protozoa. This organism is exposed to various hostile environmental conditions, including changes in temperature, pH, and nutrient availability, which can lead to stress and damage to its cells. The formation of MGCs in Entamoeba is thought to be a survival strategy to cope with these adverse conditions. This organism forms MGCs through cell aggregation and fusion in response to osmotic and heat stress. The MGCs in Entamoeba are thought to have increased resistance to various stresses and can survive longer than normal cells under adverse conditions. This increased survival could be due to the presence of multiple nuclei, which could provide redundancy in case of DNA damage or mutations. Additionally, MGCs may play a role in the virulence of Entamoeba as they are found in the inflammatory foci of amoebic liver abscesses and other infections caused by Entamoeba. The presence of MGCs in these infections suggests that they may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Overall, this article offers valuable insights into the intriguing phenomenon of MGC formation in Entamoeba. By unraveling the mechanisms behind this process and examining its implications, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the complex biology of Entamoeba and potentially identify new targets for therapeutic interventions. The study of MGCs in Entamoeba serves as a gateway to exploring the broader field of cell fusion in various organisms, providing a foundation for future investigations into related cellular processes and their significance in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyasee Hazra
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Suman Kalyan Dinda
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Naba Kumar Mondal
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Sk Rajjack Hossain
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Pratyay Datta
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Afsana Yasmin Mondal
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Pushkar Malakar
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Dipak Manna
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
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de Souza Andrade A, Oliveira Campos S, Dias J, Campos MA, Kroon EG. Dengue virus 3 genotype I (GI) lineage 1 (L1) isolates elicit differential cytopathic effect with syncytium formation in human glioblastoma cells (U251). Virol J 2023; 20:204. [PMID: 37661255 PMCID: PMC10476378 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus (DENV) is a Flaviviridae member classified into four antigenically distinct serotypes (DENV 1, 2, 3, and 4) and further subdivided genotypes. DENV3 is subdivided into four or five genotypes, depending on the classification adopted. Despite their high genetic proximity, as revealed by phylogenetic complete polyprotein analysis, DENV3 MG-20 and DENV3 PV_BR showed different neurovirulence in mice models. Our group identified six amino acid mutations in protein E, including the E62K and E123Q, which may affect interactions of hydrophobic clusters on domain II, thus leading to the observed differences in the studied viruses. METHODS Human glioblastoma cells (U251) derived from a malignant glioblastoma tumor by explant technique were infected by the DENV3 GIL1 isolates DENV3 MG-20 and DENV3 PV_BR and analyzed by plaque assays and titration, optical, immunofluorescence, and transmission electronic microscopy. RESULTS The two isolates showed different cytopathic effects (CPE) and fusogenic patterns, further confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence. Transmission electron microscopy revealed intense cytopathic effects in DENV3 MG-20 infected U251 cells, displaying endoplasmic reticulum hypertrophy and turgid vesicles with proteins and multiple viruses, distinct from DENV3 PV_BR infected cells. It is hypothesized that the different amino acids in the DENV3 MG-20 isolate are related to an increased membrane fusion ability in viral infection, thus facilitating immune system evasion and increased chances of central nervous system cell infection. CONCLUSION These results emphasize the biological differences between the isolates, which could be a critical factor in host-virus interaction and severe dengue development. Our study presents comparative results of highly similar isolates with the potential to generate more subsidies for a deeper understanding of the DENV pathogenesis. The neurotropism of the isolate DENV3 MG-20 (belonging to the DENV3 GI L1 genotype) showing infection of nervous system cells (U251) could contribute to understanding neurological dengue disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana de Souza Andrade
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Sofia Oliveira Campos
- Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Jamile Dias
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Campos
- Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Erna Geessien Kroon
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Ogawa PM, Santos MCA, Michalany NS, Hikawa RS. Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma: a diagnostic challenge. An Bras Dermatol 2023; 98:705-708. [PMID: 37225626 PMCID: PMC10404551 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Mayumi Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Cristina Arci Santos
- Department of Dermatology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nilceo Schwery Michalany
- Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Shintani Hikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Onoue K, Ishihara S, Ogura M, Nakano T. Macrophage Phagocytes Amyloid Fibrils in Giant Cell Myocarditis. Intern Med 2023; 62:2291-2292. [PMID: 36476555 PMCID: PMC10465292 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1020-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Onoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Japan
| | - Satomi Ishihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Japan
| | - Moe Ogura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Japan
- Internal Medicine, Yamato-Takada Municipal Hospital, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Japan
- Internal Medicine, Yamato-Takada Municipal Hospital, Japan
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Kitano S, Awaya T, Moroi M, Hara H, Itaya H, Matsushima M, Takahashi K, Fujioka T, Nakamura M. Two Cases of Giant Cell Myocarditis With Ocular Symptoms. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:985-987. [PMID: 36965669 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shoma Kitano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Awaya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masao Moroi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Hara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Itaya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Matsushima
- Department of Neurology, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Fujioka
- Department of Neurology, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Nakamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Fernandez-Flores A, Cassarino D. Pigmented Multinucleate Cell Angiohistiocytoma: Not So Infrequent? Am J Dermatopathol 2023; 45:517-518. [PMID: 37249356 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Fernandez-Flores
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospital El Bierzo, Ponferrada, Spain
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Hospital de la Reina, Ponferrada, Spain
- Research Department, Institute for Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), University of A Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - David Cassarino
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, Southern California Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles Medical Center (LAMC), Los Angeles, CA
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Henderson SR, Horsley H, Frankel P, Khosravi M, Goble T, Carter S, Antonelou M, Evans RDR, Zhang X, Chu TY, Lin HH, Gordon S, Salama AD. Proteinase 3 promotes formation of multinucleated giant cells and granuloma-like structures in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:848-856. [PMID: 36801813 PMCID: PMC10314067 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2021-221800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) are autoimmune vasculitides associated with antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies that target proteinase 3 (PR3) or myeloperoxidase (MPO) found within neutrophils and monocytes. Granulomas are exclusively found in GPA and form around multinucleated giant cells (MGCs), at sites of microabscesses, containing apoptotic and necrotic neutrophils. Since patients with GPA have augmented neutrophil PR3 expression, and PR3-expressing apoptotic cells frustrate macrophage phagocytosis and cellular clearance, we investigated the role of PR3 in stimulating giant cell and granuloma formation. METHODS We stimulated purified monocytes and whole peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with GPA, patients with MPA or healthy controls with PR3 or MPO and visualised MGC and granuloma-like structure formation using light, confocal and electron microscopy, as well as measuring the cell cytokine production. We investigated the expression of PR3 binding partners on monocytes and tested the impact of their inhibition. Finally, we injected zebrafish with PR3 and characterised granuloma formation in a novel animal model. RESULTS In vitro, PR3 promoted monocyte-derived MGC formation using cells from patients with GPA but not from patients with MPA, and this was dependent on soluble interleukin 6 (IL-6), as well as monocyte MAC-1 and protease-activated receptor-2, found to be overexpressed in the cells of patients with GPA. PBMCs stimulated by PR3 formed granuloma-like structures with central MGC surrounded by T cells. This effect of PR3 was confirmed in vivo using zebrafish and was inhibited by niclosamide, a IL-6-STAT3 pathway inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS These data provide a mechanistic basis for granuloma formation in GPA and a rationale for novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harry Horsley
- UCL Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Paul Frankel
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science Faculty of Population Health Sciences, London, UK
| | - Maryam Khosravi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL Division of Biosciences, London, UK
| | - Talya Goble
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL Division of Biosciences, London, UK
| | - Stephen Carter
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL Division of Biosciences, London, UK
| | | | - Rhys D R Evans
- UCL Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Xiang Zhang
- UCL Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tai-Ying Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Siamon Gordon
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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Ding F, Hu Q, Wang Y, Jiang M, Cui Z, Guo R, Liu L, Chen F, Hu H, Zhao G. Smooth muscle cells, interstitial cells and neurons in the gallbladder (GB): Functional syncytium of electrical rhythmicity and GB motility (Review). Int J Mol Med 2023; 51:33. [PMID: 36928163 PMCID: PMC10035990 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The motility of the gallbladder (GB) involves the storage, concentration and delivery of bile. GB motor functions are controlled by multiple complex factors, such as extrinsic and intrinsic innervation, humoral factors and neuropeptides. GB emptying results from coordinated contractions of the muscular layers of the GB wall. Depolarization of GB smooth muscle (GBSM) depends on the activation of the regular depolarization‑repolarization potential, referred to as slow waves (SWs). These rhythmic SWs of GBSM contraction are mediated by several cell types, including smooth muscle cells (SMCs), GB neurons, telocytes (TC) and specialized pacemaker cells called interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). The present article introduced a new GB motor unit, the SMC‑TC‑ICC‑neuron (STIN) syncytium. In GB, STIN cells provide pacemaker activity, propagation pathways for SWs, transduction of inputs from motor and sensory neurons and mechanosensitivity. The present review provided an overview of STIN cells, mechanisms generating GBSM contractile behavior and GB motility, and discussed alterations of STIN cell function under different disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ding
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, East Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Qili Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230061, P.R. China
| | - Yixing Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, East Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Min Jiang
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, East Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyu Cui
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, East Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Run Guo
- Department of Ultrasonography, East Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Ultrasonography, East Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Ultrasonography, East Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Hai Hu
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, East Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, East Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
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Ahmadzadeh K, Pereira M, Vanoppen M, Bernaerts E, Ko J, Mitera T, Maksoudian C, Manshian BB, Soenen S, Rose CD, Matthys P, Wouters C, Behmoaras J. Multinucleation resets human macrophages for specialized functions at the expense of their identity. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56310. [PMID: 36597777 PMCID: PMC9986822 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages undergo plasma membrane fusion and cell multinucleation to form multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) such as osteoclasts in bone, Langhans giant cells (LGCs) as part of granulomas or foreign-body giant cells (FBGCs) in reaction to exogenous material. How multinucleation per se contributes to functional specialization of mature mononuclear macrophages remains poorly understood in humans. Here, we integrate comparative transcriptomics with functional assays in purified mature mononuclear and multinucleated human osteoclasts, LGCs and FBGCs. Strikingly, in all three types of MGCs, multinucleation causes a pronounced downregulation of macrophage identity. We show enhanced lysosome-mediated intracellular iron homeostasis promoting MGC formation. The transition from mononuclear to multinuclear state is accompanied by cell specialization specific to each polykaryon. Enhanced phagocytic and mitochondrial function associate with FBGCs and osteoclasts, respectively. Moreover, human LGCs preferentially express B7-H3 (CD276) and can form granuloma-like clusters in vitro, suggesting that their multinucleation potentiates T cell activation. These findings demonstrate how cell-cell fusion and multinucleation reset human macrophage identity as part of an advanced maturation step that confers MGC-specific functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Ahmadzadeh
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega InstituteKU Leuven—University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Marie Pereira
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Hammersmith HospitalImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Margot Vanoppen
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega InstituteKU Leuven—University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Eline Bernaerts
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega InstituteKU Leuven—University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Jeong‐Hun Ko
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Hammersmith HospitalImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Tania Mitera
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega InstituteKU Leuven—University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Christy Maksoudian
- NanoHealth and Optical Imaging Group, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging and PathologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Bella B Manshian
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging and PathologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Stefaan Soenen
- NanoHealth and Optical Imaging Group, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging and PathologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Carlos D Rose
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology Nemours Children's HospitalThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Patrick Matthys
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega InstituteKU Leuven—University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Carine Wouters
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega InstituteKU Leuven—University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Division Pediatric RheumatologyUZ LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- European Reference Network for Rare ImmunodeficiencyAutoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) at University Hospital LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Jacques Behmoaras
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Hammersmith HospitalImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders and Centre for Computational BiologyDuke‐NUS Medical School SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
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Salmina K, Vainshelbaum NM, Kreishmane M, Inashkina I, Cragg MS, Pjanova D, Erenpreisa J. The Role of Mitotic Slippage in Creating a "Female Pregnancy-like System" in a Single Polyploid Giant Cancer Cell. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3237. [PMID: 36834647 PMCID: PMC9960874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In our recent work, we observed that triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells respond to doxorubicin (DOX) via "mitotic slippage" (MS), discarding cytosolic damaged DNA during the process that provides their resistance to this genotoxic treatment. We also noted two populations of polyploid giant cells: those budding surviving offspring, versus those reaching huge ploidy by repeated MS and persisting for several weeks. Their separate roles in the recovery from treatment remained unclear. The current study was devoted to characterising the origin and relationship of these two sub-populations in the context of MS. MS was hallmarked by the emergence of nuclear YAP1/OCT4A/MOS/EMI2-positivity featuring a soma-germ transition to the meiotic-metaphase-arrested "maternal germ cell". In silico, the link between modules identified in the inflammatory innate immune response to cytosolic DNA and the reproductive module of female pregnancy (upregulating placenta developmental genes) was observed in polyploid giant cells. Asymmetry of the two subnuclei types, one repairing DNA and releasing buds enriched by CDC42/ACTIN/TUBULIN and the other persisting and degrading DNA in a polyploid giant cell, was revealed. We propose that when arrested in MS, a "maternal cancer germ cell" may be parthenogenetically stimulated by the placental proto-oncogene parathyroid-hormone-like-hormone, increasing calcium, thus creating a "female pregnancy-like" system within a single polyploid giant cancer cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Salmina
- Cancer Research Division, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ninel Miriam Vainshelbaum
- Cancer Research Division, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Biology, The University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
| | - Madara Kreishmane
- Cancer Research Division, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Inna Inashkina
- Cancer Research Division, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Mark Steven Cragg
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Dace Pjanova
- Cancer Research Division, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Jekaterina Erenpreisa
- Cancer Research Division, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
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Amin SM, Rani A, Qureshi MB, Kayani N, Memon A, Uddin N. Malignant Phyllodes Tumour with Osteoclast-type Giant Cells in Young Females: A Rare Histology and Differential Diagnoses. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2023; 33:14-17. [PMID: 37710925 DOI: 10.29271/jcpspcr.2023.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Phyllodes tumour (PT) is a biphasic fibroepithelial tumour of the breast that accounts for 0.3-1% of all primary breast neoplasms. It is subdivided into benign, borderline, and malignant categories based on histologic features including stromal overgrowth, stromal hypercellularity, mitotic count, degree of atypia, and type of margins. Malignant PT (MPT) is characterised by infiltrative margins, marked stromal overgrowth, increased stromal hypercellularity, greater than 10 mitoses/10 high-power fields (HPFs), and moderate to severe atypia. It shows aggressive behaviour with a high risk of local recurrence and metastasis. Surgery with adequate margins is the recommended treatment. Heterologous differentiation is not an uncommon phenomenon in MPT. In addition to classic phyllodes histology, the tumour shows areas of benign/malignant mesenchymal differentiation. MPT containing multinucleated osteoclast-type giant cells (OGCs) is extremely rare. We herein report cases of MPT with OGCs in two young females who had a history of swelling in unilateral breast for two-three years. Histologic examination revealed classic phyllodes areas admixed with a sarcomatous stromal component with OGCs. Key Words: Malignant phyllodes tumour, Breast, Osteoclast-type giant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Muhammad Amin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Alka Rani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Bilal Qureshi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naila Kayani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Memon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Uddin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Sato H, Fukui JN, Hirano H, Osada H, Arimura Y, Masuda M, Aida Y. Application of the Luminescence Syncytium Induction Assay to Identify Chemical Compounds That Inhibit Bovine Leukemia Virus Replication. Viruses 2022; 15:4. [PMID: 36680045 PMCID: PMC9861517 DOI: 10.3390/v15010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection causes endemic bovine leukemia and lymphoma, resulting in lower carcass weight and reduced milk production by the infected cattle, leading to economic losses. Without effective measures for treatment and prevention, high rates of BLV infection can cause problems worldwide. BLV research is limited by the lack of a model system to assay infection. To overcome this, we previously developed the luminescence syncytium induction assay (LuSIA), a highly sensitive and objectively quantifiable method for visualizing BLV infectivity. In this study, we applied LuSIA for the high-throughput screening of drugs that could inhibit BLV infection. We screened 625 compounds from a chemical library using LuSIA and identified two that markedly inhibited BLV replication. We then tested the chemical derivatives of those two compounds and identified BSI-625 and -679 as potent inhibitors of BLV replication with low cytotoxicity. Interestingly, BSI-625 and -679 appeared to inhibit different steps of the BLV lifecycle. Thus, LuSIA was applied to successfully identify inhibitors of BLV replication and may be useful for the development of anti-BLV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Sato
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
- Virus Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jun-na Fukui
- Department of Host Defense for Animals, School of Animal Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hirano
- Chemical Resource Development Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Resource Development Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yutaka Arimura
- Department of Host Defense for Animals, School of Animal Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Michiaki Masuda
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Virus Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Benedikt J, Malpica-Nieves CJ, Rivera Y, Méndez-González M, Nichols CG, Veh RW, Eaton MJ, Skatchkov SN. The Polyamine Spermine Potentiates the Propagation of Negatively Charged Molecules through the Astrocytic Syncytium. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121812. [PMID: 36551240 PMCID: PMC9775384 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in astrocytes, the silent brain cells that accumulate polyamines (PAs), is growing. PAs exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidepressant, neuroprotective, and other beneficial effects, including increasing longevity in vivo. Unlike neurons, astrocytes are extensively coupled to others via connexin (Cx) gap junctions (GJs). Although there are striking modulatory effects of PAs on neuronal receptors and channels, PA regulation of the astrocytic GJs is not well understood. We studied GJ-propagation using molecules of different (i) electrical charge, (ii) structure, and (iii) molecular weight. Loading single astrocytes with patch pipettes containing membrane-impermeable dyes, we observed that (i) even small molecules do not easily permeate astrocytic GJs, (ii) the ratio of the charge to weight of these molecules is the key determinant of GJ permeation, (iii) the PA spermine (SPM) induced the propagation of negatively charged molecules via GJs, (iv) while no effects were observed on propagation of macromolecules with net-zero charge. The GJ uncoupler carbenoxolone (CBX) blocked such propagation. Taken together, these findings indicate that SPM is essential for astrocytic GJ communication and selectively facilitates intracellular propagation via GJs for negatively charged molecules through glial syncytium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Benedikt
- Department of Physiology, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00956, USA
| | - Christian J. Malpica-Nieves
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00956, USA
- Correspondence: (C.J.M.-N.); (S.N.S.); Tel.: +1-787-798-3001 (ext. 2057) (S.N.S.)
| | - Yomarie Rivera
- Department of Chiropractic, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00956, USA
| | | | - Colin G. Nichols
- Department of Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rüdiger W. Veh
- Institut für Zell- und Neurobiologie, Charité, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Misty J. Eaton
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00956, USA
| | - Serguei N. Skatchkov
- Department of Physiology, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00956, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR 00956, USA
- Correspondence: (C.J.M.-N.); (S.N.S.); Tel.: +1-787-798-3001 (ext. 2057) (S.N.S.)
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Padilla JR, Ferreira LM, Folker ES. Nuclear movement in multinucleated cells. Development 2022; 149:dev200749. [PMID: 36305464 PMCID: PMC10655921 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear movement is crucial for the development of many cell types and organisms. Nuclear movement is highly conserved, indicating its necessity for cellular function and development. In addition to mononucleated cells, there are several examples of cells in which multiple nuclei exist within a shared cytoplasm. These multinucleated cells and syncytia have important functions for development and homeostasis. Here, we review a subset of the developmental contexts in which the regulation of the movement and positioning of multiple nuclei are well understood, including pronuclear migration, the Drosophila syncytial blastoderm, the Caenorhabditis elegans hypodermis, skeletal muscle and filamentous fungi. We apply the principles learned from these models to other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorel R. Padilla
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | | | - Eric S. Folker
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
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Shilagardi K, Spear ED, Abraham R, Griffin DE, Michaelis S. The Integral Membrane Protein ZMPSTE24 Protects Cells from SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Mediated Pseudovirus Infection and Syncytia Formation. mBio 2022; 13:e0254322. [PMID: 36197088 PMCID: PMC9601121 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02543-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had a devastating impact on global public health, emphasizing the importance of understanding innate immune mechanisms and cellular restriction factors that cells can harness to fight viral infections. The multimembrane-spanning zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24 is one such restriction factor. ZMPSTE24 has a well-characterized proteolytic role in the maturation of prelamin A, precursor of the nuclear scaffold protein lamin A. An apparently unrelated role for ZMPSTE24 in viral defense involves its interaction with the interferon-inducible membrane proteins (IFITMs), which block virus-host cell fusion by rigidifying cellular membranes and thereby prevent viral infection. ZMPSTE24, like the IFITMs, defends cells against a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. However, its ability to protect against coronaviruses has never been examined. Here, we show that overexpression of ZMPSTE24 reduces the efficiency of cellular infection by SARS-CoV-2 Spike-pseudotyped lentivirus and that genetic knockout or small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous ZMPSTE24 enhances infectivity. We further demonstrate a protective role for ZMPSTE24 in a Spike-ACE2-dependent cell-cell fusion assay. In both assays, a catalytic dead version of ZMPSTE24 is equally as protective as the wild-type protein, indicating that ZMPSTE24's proteolytic activity is not required for defense against SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we demonstrate by plaque assays that Zmpste24-/- mouse cells show enhanced infection by a genuine coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV). This study extends the range of viral protection afforded by ZMPSTE24 to include coronaviruses and suggests that targeting ZMPSTE24's mechanism of viral defense could have therapeutic benefit. IMPORTANCE The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has underscored the importance of understanding intrinsic cellular components that can be harnessed as the cell's first line of defense to fight against viral infection. Our paper focuses on one such protein, the integral membrane protease ZMPSTE24, which interacts with interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins (IFITMs). IFITMs interfere with virus entry by inhibiting fusion between viral and host cell membranes, and ZMPSTE24 appears to contribute to this inhibitory activity. ZMPSTE24 has been shown to defend cells against several, but not all, enveloped viruses. In this study, we extend ZMPSTE24's reach to include coronaviruses, by showing that ZMPSTE24 protects cells from SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection, Spike protein-mediated cell-cell fusion, and infection by the mouse coronavirus MHV. This work lays the groundwork for further studies to decipher the mechanistic role of ZMPSTE24 in blocking the entry of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurts Shilagardi
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric D. Spear
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachy Abraham
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Diane E. Griffin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Michaelis
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Kim TY, Kim JY, Kwon HC, Jeon S, Lee SJ, Jung H, Kim S, Jang DS, Lee CJ. Astersaponin I from Aster koraiensis is a natural viral fusion blocker that inhibits the infection of SARS-CoV-2 variants and syncytium formation. Antiviral Res 2022; 208:105428. [PMID: 36252824 PMCID: PMC9568284 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants prolongs COVID-19 pandemic. Although SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapeutics are currently available, there is still a need for development of safe and effective drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and also for preparedness for the next pandemic. Here, we discover that astersaponin I (AI), a triterpenoid saponin in Aster koraiensis inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry pathways at the plasma membrane and within the endosomal compartments mainly by increasing cholesterol content in the plasma membrane and interfering with the fusion of SARS-CoV-2 envelope with the host cell membrane. Moreover, we find that this functional property of AI as a fusion blocker enables it to inhibit the infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants including the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron with a similar efficacy, and the formation of syncytium, a multinucleated cells driven by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated cell-to-cell fusion. Finally, we claim that the triterpene backbone as well as the attached hydrophilic sugar moieties of AI are structurally important for its inhibitory activity against the membrane fusion event. Overall, this study demonstrates that AI is a natural viral fusion inhibitor and proposes that it can be a broad-spectrum antiviral agent against current COVID-19 pandemic and future outbreaks of novel viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Young Kim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - Hak Cheol Kwon
- KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, South Korea
| | - Sangeun Jeon
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sol Ji Lee
- IBS Virus Facility, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, South Korea
| | - Haejin Jung
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Research Solution Center, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, South Korea
| | - Seungtaek Kim
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34126, South Korea.
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Sivaguru M, Fouke BW. Renal Macrophages and Multinucleated Giant Cells: Ferrymen of the River Styx? Kidney360 2022; 3:1616-1619. [PMID: 36245644 PMCID: PMC9528364 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0003992022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayandi Sivaguru
- Cytometry and Microscopy to Omics Facility, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Bruce W. Fouke
- Cytometry and Microscopy to Omics Facility, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Biocomplexity Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Department of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behavior, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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Hong J, Sanjoba C, Fujii W, Yamagishi J, Goto Y. Leishmania infection-induced multinucleated giant cell formation via upregulation of ATP6V0D2 expression. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:953785. [PMID: 36211967 PMCID: PMC9539756 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.953785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is caused by infection with protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. In both clinical and experimental visceral leishmaniasis, macrophage multinucleation is observed in parasitized tissues. However, the feature and the mechanism of macrophage multinucleation remained unclear. Here, we report that infection of Leishmania donovani, a causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis, induces multinucleation of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in vitro. When these infection-induced multinucleated macrophages were compared with cytokine-induced multinucleated giant cells, the former had higher phagocytic activity on red blood cells but no apparent changes on phagocytosis of latex beads. BMDMs infected with L. donovani had increased expression of ATP6V0D2, one of the components of V-ATPase, which was also upregulated in the spleen of infected mice. Infection-induced ATP6V0D2 localized in a cytoplasmic compartment, which did not overlap with the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, or lysosomes. When ATP6V0D2 expression was recombinantly induced in BMDMs, the formation of multinucleated macrophages was induced as seen in the infected macrophages. Taken together, L. donovani infection induces multinucleation of macrophages via ATP6V0D2 upregulation leading to a unique metamorphosis of the macrophages toward hemophagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hong
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chizu Sanjoba
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujii
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Yamagishi
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Goto
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yasuyuki Goto,
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Affiliation(s)
- Trishita Basak
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Madhurima Paul
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Rupasri Ain
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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47
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Sekulic SP, Sekulic M. Atypical arrhythmogenic presentation of giant cell myocarditis diagnosed after heart transplant. Lancet 2022; 399:1411. [PMID: 35397863 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pichler Sekulic
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miroslav Sekulic
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Chand S, DeMarino C, Gowen A, Cowen M, Al-Sharif S, Kashanchi F, Yelamanchili SV. Methamphetamine Induces the Release of Proadhesive Extracellular Vesicles and Promotes Syncytia Formation: A Potential Role in HIV-1 Neuropathogenesis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030550. [PMID: 35336957 PMCID: PMC8950763 DOI: 10.3390/v14030550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of combinational antiretroviral therapy (cART), the high pervasiveness of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) poses a significant challenge for society. Methamphetamine (meth) and related amphetamine compounds, which are potent psychostimulants, are among the most commonly used illicit drugs. Intriguingly, HIV-infected individuals who are meth users have a comparatively higher rate of neuropsychological impairment and exhibit a higher viral load in the brain than infected individuals who do not abuse meth. Effectively, all cell types secrete nano-sized lipid membrane vesicles, referred to as extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can function as intercellular communication to modulate the physiology and pathology of the cells. This study shows that meth treatments on chronically HIV-infected promonocytic U1 cells induce the release of EVs that promote cellular clustering and syncytia formation, a phenomenon that facilitates HIV pathogenesis. Our analysis also revealed that meth exposure increased intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and HIV-Nef protein expression in both large (10 K) and small (100 K) EVs. Further, when meth EVs are applied to uninfected naïve monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), we saw a significant increase in cell clustering and syncytia formation. Furthermore, treatment of MDMs with antibodies against ICAM-1 and its receptor, lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA1), substantially blocked syncytia formation, and consequently reduced the number of multinucleated cells. In summary, our findings reveal that meth exacerbates HIV pathogenesis in the brain through release of proadhesive EVs, promoting syncytia formation and thereby aiding in the progression of HIV infection in uninfected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Chand
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Catherine DeMarino
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (C.D.); (M.C.); (S.A.-S.)
| | - Austin Gowen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Maria Cowen
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (C.D.); (M.C.); (S.A.-S.)
| | - Sarah Al-Sharif
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (C.D.); (M.C.); (S.A.-S.)
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; (C.D.); (M.C.); (S.A.-S.)
- Correspondence: (F.K.); (S.V.Y.)
| | - Sowmya V. Yelamanchili
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (S.C.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (F.K.); (S.V.Y.)
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Niu Y, Xiao L, de Almeida-Engler J, Gheysen G, Peng D, Xiao X, Huang W, Wang G, Xiao Y. Morphological characterization reveals new insights into giant cell development of Meloidogyne graminicola on rice. Planta 2022; 255:70. [PMID: 35184234 PMCID: PMC8858295 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03852-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Three types of nematode-feeding sites (NFSs) caused by M. graminicola on rice were suggested, and the NFS polarized expansion stops before the full NFS maturation that occurs at adult female stage. Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., secrete effectors and recruit host genes to establish their feeding sites giant cells, ensuring their nutrient acquisition. There is still a limited understanding of the mechanism underlying giant cell development. Here, the three-dimensional structures of M. graminicola-caused nematode-feeding sites (NFSs) on rice as well as changes in morphological features and cytoplasm density of the giant cells (GCs) during nematode parasitism were reconstructed and characterized by confocal microscopy and the Fiji software. Characterization of morphological features showed that three types of M. graminicola-caused NFSs, type I-III, were detected during parasitism at the second juvenile (J2), the third juvenile (J3), the fourth juvenile (J4) and adult female stages. Type I is the majority at all stages and type II develops into type I at J3 stage marked by its longitudinal growth. Meanwhile, NFSs underwent polarized expansion, where the lateral and longitudinal expansion ceased at later parasitic J2 stage and the non-feeding J4 stage, respectively. The investigation of giant cell cytoplasm density indicates that it reaches a peak at the midpoint of early parasitic J2 and adult female stages. Our data suggest the formation of three types of NFSs caused by M. graminicola on rice and the NFS polarized expansion stopping before full NFS maturation, which provides unprecedented spatio-temporal characterization of development of giant cells caused by a root-knot nematode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongrui Niu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liying Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | | | - Godelieve Gheysen
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Deliang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xueqiong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenkun Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yannong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Kohga H, Saito Y, Kanamaru M, Uchiyama J, Ohta H. The lack of the cell division protein FtsZ induced generation of giant cells under acidic stress in cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Photosynth Res 2021; 150:343-356. [PMID: 33146872 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria exposed to environmental stresses often exhibit superior acclimation abilities to environmental change. Acid treatment causes an increase in the cell length of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 under light conditions. We aimed to elucidate the relationship between acidic stress and cell enlargement. After being synchronized under dark conditions, the cells were cultivated at different pH (pH 8.0 or pH 6.0) levels under light conditions. Synechocystis 6803 cells exhibited only cell growth occurred (cell volume expansion) and slow proliferation under the acidic condition. In the recovery experiment of the enlarged cells, they proliferated normally at pH 8.0, and the cell lengths decreased to the normal cell size under light conditions. Inhibition of cell division might be caused by acidic stress. To understand the effect of acidic stress on cell division, we evaluated the expression of FtsZ via Western blotting. The FtsZ concentration in cells was lower at pH 6.0 than at pH 8.0 and was not sufficient for cell division in the photoautotrophic conditions. ClpXP is well known as a regulator of the Z-ring dynamics in E. coli. The transcriptional level of four clpXP genes was upregulated approximately threefold at pH 6.0 after 24 h compared with that in cells grown at pH 8.0. The lack of FtsZ may be caused by the upregulation of clpXP expression under acidic condition. Therefore, ClpXP may participate in the degradation of FtsZ and be involved in the regulation of cell division via FtsZ under acidic stress in Synechocystis 6803.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Kohga
- Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Saito
- Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Mirai Kanamaru
- Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Junji Uchiyama
- Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Hisataka Ohta
- Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan.
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