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Tian X, Wang X, Xu W, Gong M, Zhou C, Jiang E, Tang Y, Jia L, Zeng L, Deng S, Duan F. Penthorum chinense Pursh leaf tea debittering mechanisms via green tea manufacturing process and its influence on NAFLD-alleviation activities. Food Chem 2024; 445:138715. [PMID: 38382251 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The green-tea manufacturing process showed good effect of flavor improving, debittering and shaping in making Penthorum chinensePursh leaf (PL) tea (PLT), which serves as a polyphenol dietary supplement and beverage raw material. GC-MS results showed that its unpleasant grassy odor decreased by 42.8% due to dodecanal, geranylacetone, and (E)-2-nonenal reduction, coupled with 1-hexadecanol increasing. UPLC-ESI-TOF-MS identified 95 compounds and showed that the debittering effect of green-tea manufacturing process was attributed to decreasing of flavonols and lignans, especially quercetins, kaempferols and luteolins, and increasing of dihydrochalcones which act as sweeteners bitterness-masking agents, while astringency was weakened by reducing delphinidin-3,5-O-diglucoside chloride, kaempferol-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, and tannins. The increase of pinocembrins and catechins in aqueous extracts of PLT, maintained its hepatoprotective, NAFLD-alleviation, and hepatofibrosis-prevention activities similar to PL in high fat-diet C57BL/6 mice, with flavonoids, tannins, tannic acids, and some newfound chemicals, including norbergenin, gomisin K2, pseudolaric acid B, tanshinol B, as functional ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tian
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xingyue Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Meng Gong
- Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610093, China
| | - Chuanyuan Zhou
- Sichuan Chunxiangyuan Tea Co., Ltd., Luzhou 646500, China
| | - Ercheng Jiang
- Sichuan Neautus Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yongqing Tang
- Luzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lirong Jia
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Li Zeng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sha Deng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Feixia Duan
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Sachi S, Jahan MP, Islam P, Rafiq K, Islam MZ. Evaluation of hematoprotective, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory potentials of chia seed ( Salvia hispanica L.) extract in rats. Vet Anim Sci 2024; 24:100349. [PMID: 38590834 PMCID: PMC10999476 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of chia seed extract on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, hematological profile, and carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats. Water-ethanol-acetone extract of chia seeds at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight/day were applied to evaluate the comparative protective roles. Hematological profile and serum biochemical parameters were measured to evaluate the hematoprotective, and hepatoprotective effects of chia seed extract. Paw thickness and motility level were assessed at 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 h after sub-planter injection of carrageenan to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential. Tissue histopathology was performed in both cases. Chia seed extract reduced the elevated level of serum AST and ALT significantly in a dose-dependent manner following intra-peritoneal injection of CCl4. Histopathological study of the liver tissue exhibited acute impairment of the hepatocytes and liver parenchyma following CCl4 exposure, which was markedly regenerated by the chia seed extract treatment. Protective effects of the extracts were also evidenced by the RBC count, Hb (%), PCV (%), ESR, and neutrophil count. Chia seed extract was found to inhibit the carrageenan-induced paw edema and increase motility level in a dose-oriented fashion. Histological examination of the paw tissue revealed severe inflammation characterized by massive infiltration of inflammatory cells in the carrageenan group, which was significantly reduced by chia seed extract treatment. The higher dose of chia seed extract showed significant increases in bodyweight gain and feed efficiency ratio but decrease in visceral fat deposition. These results suggest that chia seeds possess potentials for hematoprotective, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabbya Sachi
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mst. Prianka Jahan
- Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Purba Islam
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Rafiq
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Zahorul Islam
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
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Yellurkar ML, Prasanna VS, Das P, Sarkar S, Matta R, Dhaked DK, Peraman R, Taraphdar AK, Nanjappan SK, Velayutham R, Arumugam S. Indigenous wisdom of a Kwatha to treat NASH: An insight into the mechanism. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 326:117935. [PMID: 38408692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common severe liver disease globally, progressing further into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Vasaguduchyadi Kwatha (VK) is an Ayurvedic formulation traditionally used to treat liver diseases and other metabolic complications. This study is an ethnopharmacological approach to unravel this indigenous remedy. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to discover the probable mechanism of action of VK against NASH in this study, using network pharmacology, molecular docking, in vitro study, and preclinical investigation. METHODS AND RESULTS Among the 55 components identified, 10 were confirmed based on mass, elution charecteristics, MS/MS analysis data, and fragmentation rules. Computational study indicated 92 targets involved in the central pathways of NASH, out of which only 15 targets and 9 VK constituents have significant docking scores. In vitro and in vivo analysis results showed that VK significantly reduces weight gain and improves insulin sensitivity, dyslipidemia, steatohepatitis and overall histological features of NASH compared to saroglitazar (SGZR). CONCLUSION Our detailed study yielded three signalling pathways related to NASH on which VK has maximum effect, bringing up a probable alternative treatment for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Limbraj Yellurkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Vani Sai Prasanna
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Pamelika Das
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Sulogna Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Rakesh Matta
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Dhaked
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Ramalingam Peraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Zandaha Road, NH322, Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Amit Kumar Taraphdar
- Department of Dravyaguna (Ayurvedic Pharmacology), Institute of Post Graduate Ayurvedic Education and Research, 294/3/1, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Satheesh Kumar Nanjappan
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Ravichandiran Velayutham
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India.
| | - Somasundaram Arumugam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India.
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Anupama Sekar J, Velayudhan S, Senthilkumar M, Anil Kumar PR. Silymarin enriched gelatin methacrylamide bioink imparts hepatoprotectivity to 3D bioprinted liver construct against carbon tetrachloride induced toxicity. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 198:114272. [PMID: 38537909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional liver bioprinting is an emerging technology in the field of regenerative medicine that aids in the creation of functional tissue constructs that can be used as transplantable organ substitutes. During transplantation, the bioprinted donor liver must be protected from the oxidative stress environment created by various factors during the transplantation procedure, as well as from drug-induced damage from medications taken as part of the post-surgery medication regimen following the procedure. In this study, Silymarin, a flavonoid with the hepatoprotective properties were introduced into the GelMA bioink formulation to protect the bioprinted liver against hepatotoxicity. The concentration of silymarin to be added in GelMA was optimised, bioink properties were evaluated, and HepG2 cells were used to bioprint liver tissue. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was used to induce hepatotoxicity in bioprinted liver, and the effect of this chemical on the metabolic activities of HepG2 cells was studied. The results showed that Silymarin helps with albumin synthesis and shields liver tissue from the damaging effects of CCl4. According to gene expression analysis, CCl4 treatment increased TNF-α and the antioxidant enzyme SOD expression in HepG2 cells while the presence of silymarin protected the bioprinted construct from CCl4-induced damage. Thus, the outcomes demonstrate that the addition of silymarin in GelMA formulation protects liver function in toxic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Anupama Sekar
- Division of Tissue Culture, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 012, India
| | - Shiny Velayudhan
- Division of Dental Products, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 012, India
| | - M Senthilkumar
- Division of Tissue Culture, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 012, India
| | - P R Anil Kumar
- Division of Tissue Culture, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 012, India.
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Mohammed MA, Amer NM, Abdallah HMI, Saleh MS. A comprehensive tool in recycling plant-waste of Gossypium barbadense L agricultural and industrial waste extracts containing gossypin and gossypol: hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Plant Methods 2024; 20:54. [PMID: 38632634 PMCID: PMC11022478 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Improper management of agricultural and industrial cotton wastes causes environmental pollution and worsens the climate change challenge. Green recycling of cotton could contribute to a circular economy. One of the economic values of cotton wastes lies in their bioactive components. Two types of cotton wastes-agricultural and industrial-of the species Gossypium barbadense L. Giza 95 were targeted in the current study, aiming to maximize their medicinal value and investigate the anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant activities of their phytochemical extracts. Phytochemical extraction was performed using different solvents extraction. An anti-inflammatory effect was tested in carrageenan-induced acute edema in a rat paw model. A carbon tetrachloride chronic model of liver injury was used for the assessment of hepatoprotective potential. Liver enzymes (AST and ALT), oxidative stress markers (MDA and GSH), inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein), and histopathological features were investigated. As a result, ethyl acetate proved to be the solvent of best choice to extract the gossypin polyphenolics, where the extracted amount reached 14,826.2 µg/g, followed by butanol (8751.4 µg/g extract). The chloroform (CHCL3) fraction showed the highest amounts of gossypol (190.7 µg/g extract), followed by petroleum ether. Cotton waste's composition analysis showed a wide range of components, including 33 metabolites such as gossypetin, polyphenolics, and other metabolites that possess therapeutic effects. Both chloroform extract and industrial waste extracts showed superior anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects in comparison to other extracts. All tested extracts (ethyl acetate, chloroform, and industrial waste) showed proper antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A Mohammed
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Nagat M Amer
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba M I Abdallah
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai S Saleh
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Mashayekhi-Sardoo H, Rezaee R, Riahi-Zanjani B, Karimi G. Alleviation of microcystin-leucine arginine -induced hepatotoxicity: An updated overview. Toxicon 2024:107715. [PMID: 38636613 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Contamination of surface waters is a major health threat for all living creatures. Some types of blue-green algae that naturally occur in fresh water, are able to produce various toxins, like Microcystins (MCs). Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) produced by Microcystis aeruginosa is the most toxic and abundant isoforms of MCs, and it causes hepatotoxicity. The present article reviews preclinical experiments examined different treatments, including herbal derivatives, dietary supplements and drugs against MC-LR hepatotoxicity. METHODS We searched scientific databases Web of Science, Embase, Medline (PubMed), Scopus, and Google Scholar using relevant keywords to find suitable studies until November 2023. RESULTS MC-LR through Organic anion transporting polypeptide superfamily transporters (OATPs) penetrates and accumulates in hepatocytes, and it inhibits protein phosphatases (PP1 and PP2A). Consequently, MC-LR disturbs many signaling pathways and induces oxidative stress thus damages cellular macromolecules. Some protective agents, especially plants rich in flavonoids, and natural supplements, as well as chemoprotectants were shown to diminish MC-LR hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSION The reviewed agents through blocking the OATP transporters (nontoxic nostocyclopeptide-M1, captopril, and naringin), then inhibition of MC-LR uptake (naringin, rifampin, cyclosporin-A, silymarin and captopril), and finally at restoration of PPAse activity (silybin, quercetin, morin, naringin, rifampin, captopril, azo dyes) exert hepatoprotective effect against MC-LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibeh Mashayekhi-Sardoo
- Bio Environmental Health Hazard Research Center, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran; , Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bamdad Riahi-Zanjani
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Rana HK, Singh AK, Pandey AK. Therapeutic Potential of Morin Hydrate Against Rifampicin Induced Hepato and Renotoxicity in Albino Wistar Rats: Modulation of Organ Function, Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response. Indian J Clin Biochem 2024; 39:197-206. [PMID: 38577136 PMCID: PMC10987459 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-023-01145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a challenging public health issue, particularly in poor and developing countries. Rifampicin (RIF) is one of the most common first-line anti-TB drugs but it is known for its adverse effects on the hepato-renal system. The present study investigated the efficacy of morin hydrate (MH) in protecting hepato-renal damage inflicted by RIF in rats. RIF (50 mg/kg), and a combination of RIF (50 mg/kg) and MH (50 mg/kg) were administered orally for 4 weeks in rats. Silymarin (50 mg/kg) was used as a positive control. Increased levels of serological parameters such as AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, GGT, bilirubin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, urea, uric acid, creatinine, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6 along with the decreased level of IL-10, total protein and albumin were used as markers of hepatic and renal injury. Oxidative damage in the tissues was measured by the increase in lipid peroxidation and decline in GSH, SOD and catalase activities. Histopathology of liver slices was used to study hepatic architecture. Four-week RIF treatment produced altered serological parameters with an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum suggesting hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The antioxidant status of the liver and kidney (increased lipid peroxidation and decline in GSH, SOD and catalase) was compromised. Cellular damage and necrosis were observed in liver slices. MH supplementation with RIF improved hepato-renal functions by restoring the serum and tissue markers towards normal values. Histological observations authenticated the results. MH supplementation also reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, the results revealed that MH provides protection against RIF-induced hepato-renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvesh Kumar Rana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj (Allahabad), 211002 India
- Present Address: Department of Zoology, Feroze Gandhi College, Raebareli, 229001 India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj (Allahabad), 211002 India
- Present Address: Department of Botany, BMK Government. Girls College, Balod, Chhattisgarh 491226 India
| | - Abhay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj (Allahabad), 211002 India
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Wang D, Wang X, Gu X, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Di X. Systematic screening of hepatoprotective components from traditional Chinese medicine: Zuojin Pill as an example. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 322:117556. [PMID: 38072292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zuojin Pill (ZJP), composed of Coptis chinensis Franch. and Euodia ruticarpa (A. Juss.) Benth. in a mass ratio of 6:1, is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula recorded in "Danxi's Experiential Therapy", an ancient medical book from the Ming Dynasty of China. It is used to treat liver fire invading the stomach, which is caused by liver stagnation transforming into fire and disharmony between the liver and stomach. AIM OF THE STUDY To develop a systematic strategy to screen hepatoprotective components from TCM using ZJP as a model sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS A CCl4-induced mouse model of acute liver injury was used for the verification of the hepatoprotective effects of ZJP. UPLC-Q-Exactive Plus Orbitrap MS/MS was used for the identification of the components in mouse serum after intragastric administration of ZJP. The hepatoprotective activities of the components found in mouse serum were tested in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes induced by CCl4. RESULTS Nine components with significant hepatoprotective activity including berberine, epiberberine, coptisine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, rutaecarpin, dehydroevodiamine, evocarpine and chlorogenic acid were successfully screened out. CONCLUSIONS Our developed strategy has the advantages of high efficiency and low cost, and would provide a powerful tool for screening potential hepatoprotective components from TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwu Wang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaoting Gu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yanhui Jiang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Youping Liu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xin Di
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Zhai S, Wang R, Wang J, Xu X, Niu L, Guo M, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Tang X. Curcumol: a review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, drug delivery systems, structure-activity relationships, and potential applications. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01447-6. [PMID: 38520574 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01447-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Curcumol (Cur), a guaiane-type sesquiterpenoid hemiketal, is an important and representative bioactive component extracted from the essential oil of the rhizomes of Curcumae rhizoma which is also known as "Ezhu" in traditional Chinese medicine. Recently, Cur has received considerable attention from the research community due to its favorable pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-convulsant, and other activities, and has also exerted therapeutic effect on various cancers, liver diseases, inflammatory diseases, and infectious diseases. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that Cur is rapidly distributed in almost all organs of rats after intragastric administration with high concentrations in the small intestine and colon. Several studies focusing on structure-activity relationship (SAR) of Cur have shown that some Cur derivatives, chemically modified at C-8 or C-14, exhibited more potent anti-cancer activity and lower toxicity than Cur itself. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the latest advances in the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of Cur in the last decade with a focus on its anti-cancer and hepatoprotective potentials, as well as the research progress in drug delivery system and potential applications of Cur to date, to provide researchers with the latest information, to highlighted the limitations of relevant research at the current stage and the aspects that should be addressed in future research. Our results indicate that Cur and its derivatives could serve as potential novel agents for the treatment of a variety of diseases, particularly cancer and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Zhai
- School of Medical Engineering, Haojing College of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Tongyi Avenue, Xi Xian New District, Xianyang City, 712046, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Medical Engineering, Haojing College of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Tongyi Avenue, Xi Xian New District, Xianyang City, 712046, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research in Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Avenue, Xi Xian New District, Xianyang City, 712046, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Xu
- School of Medical Engineering, Haojing College of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Tongyi Avenue, Xi Xian New District, Xianyang City, 712046, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Niu
- School of Medical Engineering, Haojing College of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Tongyi Avenue, Xi Xian New District, Xianyang City, 712046, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Guo
- School of Medical Engineering, Haojing College of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Tongyi Avenue, Xi Xian New District, Xianyang City, 712046, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongling Zhang
- School of Medical Engineering, Haojing College of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Tongyi Avenue, Xi Xian New District, Xianyang City, 712046, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research in Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Avenue, Xi Xian New District, Xianyang City, 712046, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuexue Tang
- School of Medical Engineering, Haojing College of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Tongyi Avenue, Xi Xian New District, Xianyang City, 712046, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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Belayneh YM, Mengistu G, Hailay K. Evaluation of hepatoprotective and antidiarrheal activities of the hydromethanol crude extract and solvent fractions of Schinus molle L. (Anacardiaceae) leaf and fruit in mice. Metabol Open 2024; 21:100272. [PMID: 38455232 PMCID: PMC10918422 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2024.100272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Liver disease is any disease that negatively affects the normal function of the liver, and it is a major health problem that challenges not only healthcare professionals, but also the pharmaceutical industry and drug regulatory agencies. Similarly, diarrhea is the second leading cause of death among children under five globally next to pneumonia. The available synthetic drugs for the treatment of liver disorders and diarrhoea have limited safety and efficacy. Objective To evaluate the in vivo hepatoprotective and antidiarrheal activities of hydroalcoholic leaf and fruit extracts of Schinus molle L. (Anacardiaceae) in mice. Methods Hepatoprotective activity of the extracts was evaluated by using CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in mice model. In this model, mice were divided into groups and treated as follows. The normal control and toxicant control groups were treated with the vehicle used for reconstitution, the positive control was treated with the standard drug (silymarin), and the test groups were treated with different doses of plant extracts daily in the morning for seven days. Additionally, all groups except the normal control were treated with CCl4 (2 mg/kg, IP) on the 4th day of treatment, 30 min post-dose. On the 7th day, blood was collected from each mouse via a cardiac puncture. The collected blood was centrifuged, and serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP were determined using an automated chemistry analyser. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post-hoc test.The antidiarrheal activity of the extract was investigated using castor oil-induced diarrhoea, enteropooling, and small intestine transit. The test groups received various doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) of the extract, whereas the positive control received loperamide (3 mg/kg), and the negative control received the vehicle (distilled water, 10 ml/kg). Result Hepatoprotective activity: The leaf and fruit crude extracts showed significant improvement in the body weight and liver weight of mice compared to the untreated toxicant control. Additionally, treatment with hydromethanol leaf and fruit extracts caused a significant (P < 0.05) improvement in liver biomarkers compared to the toxicant control. Similarly, the n-butanol and chloroform fractions of the fruit extract caused a significant reduction (P < 0.01) in serum AST, ALT, ALP and Bilirubin levels and a significant (P < 0.001) increase in total protein compared to the toxicant control. However, none of the three solvent fractions (n-butanol, chloroform, and aqueous) of the fruit extract significantly affected (P > 0.05) the level of albumin compared with the toxicant control.Antidiarrheal activity: In the castor oil-induced diarrheal model, the 80 % methanol extract delayed the onset of defaecation and significantly reduced the number and weight of faeces at all tested doses compared to the negative control. In the enteropooling test, 80 ME significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the weight and volume of intestinal fluid at all tested doses compared with the negative control. Results from the charcoal meal test revealed that the extracts produced a significant anti-motility effect at all tested doses compared with the negative control. Conclusion This study confirmed the hepatoprotective and antidiarrheal activities of hydroalcoholic extracts. The highest test dose produced the maximum hepatoprotective and antidiarrheal activities in all models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaschilal Muche Belayneh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, P.O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Getnet Mengistu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, P.O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Kidan Hailay
- Department of Pharmacy, College of medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, P.O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Wang Y, Gong M, Wang T, Zhang L, Wang T, Feng R, Wu B, Lv X. Hepatoprotective activity of Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch and quality evaluation based on UPLC fingerprint and multi-component analysis. Fitoterapia 2024; 173:105771. [PMID: 38070780 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
To establish a quality evaluation method for Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch (PS), as well as to study the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of the aqueous extract of Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch (APS). We used ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) to establish fingerprint and content determination method for PS. The alcoholic liver injury model was prepared by feeding Lieber-DeCarli alcohol liquid feed to mice. We determined the levels of ALT, AST, TC, TG in serum, as well as GSH, MDA in the liver. The mRNA relative expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, INOS and COX-2 were detected by qRT-PCR, and liver tissues were taken for pathological examination. The fingerprints of 16 batches of PS were established, and 3 component peaks were identified, which were chlorogenic acid (CA), isochlorogenic acid A (ICAA) and isochlorogenic acid C (ICAC). The similarity of the 6 common peaks was between 0.924 and 1.000. A mice model of alcoholic liver injury was successfully made by mixing alcohol liquid feed. The levels of ALT, AST, TC and TG in serum and MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, LL-6, COX-2 and INOS mRNA in liver were effectively reduced in the drug administration group. The levels of GSH in mouse liver tissue were increased in the drug administration group. The method has good repeatability, stability and feasibility, and it meets the requirements for Quality evaluation. APS exhibits a protective effect against alcoholic liver injury (ALI) in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Wang
- Institute of Liver Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunological Drugs, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingxu Gong
- Institute of Liver Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunological Drugs, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Institute of Liver Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunological Drugs, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Liver Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunological Drugs, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Institute of Liver Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunological Drugs, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Institute of Liver Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunological Drugs, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Baoming Wu
- Institute of Liver Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunological Drugs, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- Institute of Liver Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunological Drugs, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Rana HK, Singh AK, Kumar R, Pandey AK. Antitubercular drugs: possible role of natural products acting as antituberculosis medication in overcoming drug resistance and drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2024; 397:1251-1273. [PMID: 37665346 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a pathogenic bacterium which causes tuberculosis (TB). TB control programmes are facing threats from drug resistance. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mtb strains need longer and more expensive treatment with many medications resulting in more adverse effects and decreased chances of treatment outcomes. The World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasised the development of not just new individual anti-TB drugs, but also novel medication regimens as an alternative treatment option for the drug-resistant Mtb strains. Many plants, as well as marine creatures (sponge; Haliclona sp.) and fungi, have been continuously used to treat TB in various traditional treatment systems around the world, providing an almost limitless supply of active components. Natural products, in addition to their anti-mycobacterial action, can be used as adjuvant therapy to increase the efficacy of conventional anti-mycobacterial medications, reduce their side effects, and reverse MDR Mtb strain due to Mycobacterium's genetic flexibility and environmental adaptation. Several natural compounds such as quercetin, ursolic acid, berberine, thymoquinone, curcumin, phloretin, and propolis have shown potential anti-mycobacterial efficacy and are still being explored in preclinical and clinical investigations for confirmation of their efficacy and safety as anti-TB medication. However, more high-level randomized clinical trials are desperately required. The current review provides an overview of drug-resistant TB along with the latest anti-TB medications, drug-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress. Further, the role and mechanisms of action of first and second-line anti-TB drugs and new drugs have been highlighted. Finally, the role of natural compounds as anti-TB medication and hepatoprotectants have been described and their mechanisms discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvesh Kumar Rana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj (Allahabad), 211002, India
- Department of Zoology, Feroze Gandhi College, Raebareli, 229001, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj (Allahabad), 211002, India
- Department of Botany, BMK Government. Girls College, Balod, Chhattisgarh, 491226, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj (Allahabad), 211002, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj (Allahabad), 211002, India.
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Lai W, Zhou S, Bai Y, Che Q, Cao H, Guo J, Su Z. Glucosamine attenuates alcohol-induced acute liver injury via inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100699. [PMID: 38420347 PMCID: PMC10900259 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol liver disease (ALD) is a liver disease caused by long-term heavy drinking. Glucosamine (GLC) is an amino monosaccharide that plays a very important role in the synthesis of human and animal cartilage. GLC is commonly used in the treatment of mild to moderate osteoarthritis and has good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this study, alcoholic injury models were constructed in mice and human normal hepatocyte L02 cells to explore the protective effect and mechanism of GLC on ALD. Mice were given GLC by gavage for 30 days. Liver injury models of both mice and L02 cells were produced by ethanol. Detecting the levels of liver injury biomarkers, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress biomarkers, and inflammatory factors through different reagent kits. Exploring oxidative and inflammatory pathways in mouse liver tissue through Western blot and RT-PCR. The results showed that GLC can significantly inhibit the abnormal increase of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and can significantly improve the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In addition, GLC intervention significantly improved alcohol induced hepatic oxidative stress by reducing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and, increasing the levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver. Further mechanisms suggest that GLC can inhibit the expression of ethanol metabolism enzyme cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1), activate the antioxidant pathway Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1, down-regulate the phosphorylation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, and thus reduce the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Therefore, GLC may be a significant candidate functional food for attenuating alcohol induced acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Lai
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shipeng Zhou
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd, Science City, Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, 528458, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Opryshko V, Prokhach A, Akimov O, Riabushko M, Kostenko H, Kostenko V, Mishchenko A, Solovyova N, Kostenko V. Desmodium styracifolium: Botanical and ethnopharmacological insights, phytochemical investigations, and prospects in pharmacology and pharmacotherapy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25058. [PMID: 38317880 PMCID: PMC10838797 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this inquiry is to provide a conprehensive summary and analysis of the literature concerning the pharmacological properties of components that can be extracted from Desmodium styracifolium, a preparation in Chinese medicine. This study also aims to explore their potential application in elaborating medicinal products for the effective prevention and treatment of such conditions as urolithiasis, cholelithiasis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, pro-oxidant and inflammatory processes, etc. Several experimental studies confirmed the potential of D. styracifolium to influence mineral metabolism, to decrease the concentration of constituents involved in the formation of urinary calculi, and to reduce mineral encrustation in the urinary tract, as well as to alleviate the damage caused by crystal structures. This beneficial impact is achieved through a combination of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, along with urine alkalinization. The cholelitholytic, choleretic, and hepatoprotective effects of D. styracifolium plants have been confirmed, primarily ascribed to the activation of the hepatic Xα receptor and the bile acid receptor, farnesoid X receptor, by the flavonoid shaftoside. Special attention is focused on the potential therapeutic applications of flavonoids derived from D. styracifolium for diseases associated with the development of chronic inflammation and systemic response, emphasizing the ability of flavonoids to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by acting directly and through the modulation of transcription factors. It is concluded that new strategies for the prevention and treatment of urolithiasis, cholelithiasis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, acute and chronic inflammatory processes may rely on the promising development of dosage forms of D. styracifolium with their subsequent preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentyna Opryshko
- Dnipro State Medical University, Department of General and Clinical Pharmacy, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Anna Prokhach
- Dnipro State Medical University, Department of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Akimov
- Poltava State Medical University, Department of Pathophysiology, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Mykola Riabushko
- Poltava State Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Heorhii Kostenko
- Poltava State Medical University, Department of Pathophysiology, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Viktoriia Kostenko
- Poltava State Medical University, Department of Foreign Languages with Latin and Medical Terminology, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Artur Mishchenko
- Poltava State Medical University, Department of Pathophysiology, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Natalia Solovyova
- Poltava State Medical University, Department of Pathophysiology, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Vitalii Kostenko
- Poltava State Medical University, Department of Pathophysiology, Poltava, Ukraine
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Sumaiya S, Siddiqui A, Chaudhary SS, Aslam M, Ahmad S, Ansari MA. Isolation and characterization of bioactive components from hydroalcoholic extract of Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schult. to evaluate its hepatoprotective activity. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 319:117185. [PMID: 37714225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schult. (Family: Poacea/Gramineae) is being used to treat numerous ailments in traditional/folklore and indigenous system of medicine due to its antioxidant, anti-allergic, antiparasitic, analgesic, antipyretic and anticancer activities; however there is no documented evidence regarding its hepatoprotective efficacy. AIM This study was aimed to evaluate hepatoprotective activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Cymbopogon jwarancusa (HECJ) against paracetamol (PCM) induced liver damage in albino Wistar rats, and to identify the bioactive components present in the extract responsible for the said activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five groups of rats (n = 6) were orally treated with: 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (normal control), 50 mg/kg silymarin (reference standard), HECJ [515 mg/kg (low dose) and 720 mg/kg (high dose)] (test groups) for 7 days daily, followed by induction of hepato-toxicity using PCM (2 gm/kg) on 7th day (PCM control; reference standard; test groups). The blood samples to estimate the level of AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin and total protein; liver tissue homogenate for antioxidant markers (GSH, GST, GPx, and LPO) and liver section for histopathological analysis were collected. Isolation and characterization of phytochemicals from HECJ was done by preliminary screening, determination of phenolic, flavonoid and terpenoid content, and GC-MS analysis. RESULTS The animals pre-treated with HECJ dose-dependently and significantly alleviated the PCM-induced alterations in liver enzymes, plasma proteins, serum total bilirubin and antioxidant markers levels. The histopathological analysis suggest that PCM causes marked necrosis and lymphocyte infiltration, while preservation of the normal hepatic architecture was observed in groups pre-treated with, reference standard drug silymarin, and HECJ. Preliminary screening of the extract, determination of phenolic, flavonoid and terpenoid content, and GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of some important bioactive components such as phenolics, flavonoids, glycoside, tannins, steroids, fatty acids, sterols, esters, saponins, terpenes/terpenoids and essential oil which could be synergistically responsible for the plant's hepatoprotective effect. CONCLUSIONS This study concluded that C. jwarancusa could be taken as a beneficial natural product for its hepatoprotective efficacy; however, future line of work is required to establish its precise mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajida Sumaiya
- Department of Ilmul Advia, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Aisha Siddiqui
- Department of Ilmul Advia, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Shahid Shah Chaudhary
- Department of Ilmul Saidla, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Mohd Aslam
- Department of Ilmul Advia, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Centre of Excellence in Unani Medicine, Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Mairaj Ahmed Ansari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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Petrović A, Madić V, Stojanović G, Zlatanović I, Zlatković B, Vasiljević P, Đorđević L. Antidiabetic effects of polyherbal mixture made of Centaurium erythraea, Cichorium intybus and Potentilla erecta. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 319:117032. [PMID: 37582477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The polyherbal mixture made of Centaurium erythraea aerial parts and Cichorium intybus roots and Potentilla erecta rhizomes has been used for centuries to treat both the primary and secondary complications of diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY As a continuation of our search for the most effective herbal mixture used as an ethnopharmacological remedy for diabetes, this study aimed to compare the in vitro biological activities of this polyherbal mixture and its individual ingredients, and, most importantly, to validate the ethnopharmacological value of the herbal mixture through evaluation of its phytochemical composition, its potential in vivo toxicity and its effect on diabetes complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical analysis was performed using HPLC-UV. Antioxidant activity was estimated via the DPPH test. Potential cytotoxicity/anticytotoxicity was assessed using an in vitro RBCs antihemolytic assay and an in vivo sub-chronic oral toxicity method. Antidiabetic activity was evaluated using an in vitro α-amylase inhibition assay and in vivo using a chemically induced diabetic rat model. RESULTS The HPLC-UV analysis revealed the presence of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid derivative, catechin, five catechin derivatives, epicatechin, isoquercetin, hyperoside, rutin, four quercetin derivatives, caffeic acid, and four caffeic acid derivatives in the polyherbal mixture decoction. Treatment with the decoction has shown no toxic effects. The antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of the polyherbal mixture were higher than the reference's ones. Its antidiabetic activity was high in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Fourteen days of treatment with the decoction (15 g/kg) completely normalized blood glucose levels of diabetic animals, while treatments with insulin and glimepiride only slightly lowered glycemic values. In addition, lipid status of treated animals as well as levels of serum AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine, urea and MDA were completely normalized. In addition, the polyherbal mixture completely restored the histopathological changes of the liver, kidneys and all four Cornu ammonis regions of the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS The polyherbal mixture was effective in the prevention of both primary and secondary diabetic complications such as hyperlipidemia, increased lipid peroxidation, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, nephropathy and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Petrović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia.
| | - Višnja Madić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Gordana Stojanović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Ivana Zlatanović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Bojan Zlatković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Perica Vasiljević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Ljubiša Đorđević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
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Zeng X, Jiang J, Liu S, Hu Q, Hu S, Zeng J, Ma X, Zhang X. Bidirectional effects of geniposide in liver injury: Preclinical evidence construction based on meta-analysis. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 319:117061. [PMID: 37598771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis is widely used to treat liver diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. Geniposide, a major active constituent of Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis, exerts therapeutic effects against liver injury, however, it also induces hepatotoxicity. AIM OF THE STUDY This meta-analysis was designed to determine the mechanisms of both the hepatoprotective and hepatotoxic effects of geniposide. MATERIALS AND METHODS The articles analysed in this meta-analysis were primarily obtained from five databases. The 10-item SYRCLE risk-of-bias tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included articles. STATA (version 15.1) was used to evaluate the total effect or toxicity sizes. In addition, three-dimensional (3D) dose/time-effect and mechanistic analyses were performed to assess the therapeutic and toxic effects of geniposide. RESULTS A total of 25 studies involving 479 animals were included. Meta-analysis revealed that geniposide not only significantly (P < 0.001) increased liver injury indices including ALT and AST levels but also improved liver function by decreasing the levels of ALT, AST and inflammatory factors in animal models of liver injury. The 3D dose/time-effect analysis revealed that geniposide administered at a dose of 20-150 mg/kg for 5-28 days effectively protected the liver without inducing toxicity. Mechanistically, geniposide exerts protective or toxic effects by regulating the TNF-α/NF-κB pathway to control oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. CONCLUSION Geniposide exhibits dual pharmacological activity in liver injury. It exerts potent hepatoprotective effects when administered at a dose of 20-150 mg/kg for 5-28 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jiajie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Simiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Sihan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, 400065, China.
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Patel K, Patel DK. Biological Potential and Therapeutic Effectiveness of Artemetin from Traditional to Modern Medicine: An Update on Pharmacological Activities and Analytical Aspects. Recent Adv Antiinfect Drug Discov 2024; 19:RAAIDD-EPUB-137826. [PMID: 38275071 DOI: 10.2174/0127724344266027231215105620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant products derived from natural sources have been used in medicine as a raw material and newer kinds of drug molecules in pharmaceuticals and other allied health sectors. Phytochemicals have numerous medicinal potentials, including anti- ageing, anti-carcinogenic, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity in medicine. Development and biological application of herbal products in modern medicine signified the value of traditional medicinal plants in health care systems. METHODS The objective of the present study was to explore the scientific knowledge of the medicinal importance and therapeutic potential of artemetin in medicine. However, scientific investigations for their pharmacological activities in medicine have been done through scientific data analysis of different scientific research work collected from PubMed, Google, Science Direct and Google Scholar in order to know the biological importance of artemetin in medicine. Moreover, analytical data of artemetin have also been discussed in the present work. RESULTS The present work and scientific data signified the biological potential of artemetin in medicine. Artemetin has been derived from numerous medicinal plants and dietary herbs, including Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia argyi, Achillea millefolium, and Vitex trifolia. Artemetin has anti-malarial, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-microbial, antitumoral, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive and hepatoprotective effects. Further, the biological role of artemetin on lipid oxidation, cytokine production, lipoxygenase, and estrogen-like effects was also investigated in the present work. Analytical data on artemetin in the present paper signified their important role in the isolation, separation, and identification of different classes of pure phytochemicals, including artemetin in medicine. CONCLUSION Scientific data analysis of artemetin signified its therapeutic potential in medicine for the development of newer scientific approaches for different human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Khalil AW, Iqbal Z, Adhikari A, Khan H, Nishan U, Iqbal A, Bangash JA, Tarar OM, Bilal A, Khan SA, Hoessli DC, Assiri MA, Wu Z, Afridi S. Spectroscopic characterization of eupalitin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside from Boerhavia procumbens: In vivo hepato-protective potential in rat model. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 304:123369. [PMID: 37738764 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The liver is one of the most important organs responsible for detoxifying biomolecules and xenobiotics. Herein, we report the isolation, characterization, and hepatoprotective effect of the Boerhavia procumbens-derived eupalitin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (EGP) compound. The structure of the EGP compound was deduced by using NMR spectroscopic techniques and mass spectrometry. The EGP hepatoprotective activities were evaluated with HepG2 cell viability and LDH assays in vitro, and CCl4-induced toxicity was investigated in vivo in the rat model. Compared to the CCl4-treated group, cells exposed to the EGP compound at 200 µg/ml showed increased cell viability (60.52 ± 1.22 %) and decreased LDH levels (23.81 ± 1.89 U/ml). The serum levels of SGPT, SGOT, ALP, and total bilirubin in the CCl4-treated group were substantially higher than those in the control group (64 ± 1.89 U/ml, 86 ± 1.47 U/ml, 252.6 ± 2.96 U/ml, and 5.45 ± 0.32 mg/dl, respectively). When compared to animals treated with CCl4 alone, the EGP compound's in vivo hepatoprotective effect at 60 mg/kg with CCl4 significantly (p < 0.01) decreased the levels of SGPT and SGOT (26 ± 1.34 U/ml and 42.92 ± 1.6 U/ml) respectively. Furthermore, our histological study showed a significant response in restoring and maintaining the normal morphological appearance of the liver. Thus, our results show that the EGP compound is a promising and novel lead molecule for better hepatotoxicity control and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wajid Khalil
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Achyut Adhikari
- HEJ Research Institute, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Hamayun Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M. Islam College of Pharmacy, Gujranwala, Pakistan
| | - Umar Nishan
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Iqbal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Javed Abbas Bangash
- Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Omer Mukhtar Tarar
- Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Bilal
- Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Daniel C Hoessli
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed A Assiri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Saifullah Afridi
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Joint Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China; Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology (SUIT), Mardan Campus, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Li J, Guo H, Dong Y, Yuan S, Wei X, Zhang Y, Dong L, Wang F, Bai T, Yang Y. Polysaccharides from Chinese herbal medicine: a review on the hepatoprotective and molecular mechanism. Chin J Nat Med 2024; 22:4-14. [PMID: 38278558 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides, predominantly extracted from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs such as Lycium barbarum, Angelica sinensis, Astragalus membranaceus, Dendrobium officinale, Ganoderma lucidum, and Poria cocos, represent principal bioactive constituents extensively utilized in Chinese medicine. These compounds have demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory capabilities, especially anti-liver injury activities, while exhibiting minimal adverse effects. This review summarized recent studies to elucidate the hepatoprotective efficacy and underlying molecular mechanisms of these herbal polysaccharides. It underscored the role of these polysaccharides in regulating hepatic function, enhancing immunological responses, and improving antioxidant capacities, thus contributing to the attenuation of hepatocyte apoptosis and liver protection. Analyses of molecular pathways in these studies revealed the intricate and indispensable functions of traditional Chinese herbal polysaccharides in liver injury management. Therefore, this review provides a thorough examination of the hepatoprotective attributes and molecular mechanisms of these medicinal polysaccharides, thereby offering valuable insights for the advancement of polysaccharide-based therapeutic research and their potential clinical applications in liver disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Li
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Haolin Guo
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Xiaotong Wei
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Lu Dong
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Ting Bai
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Research Center, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China.
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Bemidinezhad A, Zojaji SA, Taraz Jamshidi S, Mohammadi M, Alavi MS, Ghorbani A. Evaluation of acute, subacute, and subchronic toxicity of a hepatoprotective herbal formulation. Toxicol Rep 2023; 11:452-459. [PMID: 38045604 PMCID: PMC10692756 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The possible toxicity of natural products must be tested before being used in the market. The present work aimed to evaluate acute, subacute, and subchronic toxicity of an herbal formulation containing Anethum graveolens, Cynara scolymus, Citrus aurantium, Portulaca oleracea, and Silybum marianum. Material and methods Acute toxicity (2000 mg/kg, single dose) and sub-acute toxicity (600 and 1200 mg/kg/day, 4 weeks) tests were performed on female and male rats according to OECD 423 and OECD 407 guidelines, respectively. In the subchronic study (12 weeks), the animals were divided into three groups (6 females and 6 males per group): control, low-dose group (food supplemented with 300 mg/kg of the herbal product), and high-dose group (600 mg/kg). Results The herbal product at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg did not induce mortality for 14 days. In the sub-acute study, administration of the product for 28 days at 1200 mg/kg/day had no effect on survival, appetite (water and food consumption), body weight, serum biochemical parameters (BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin, albumin), histology of vital organs (liver, kidney, heart, brain), and hematological markers related to erythrocyte, platelet, and leukocyte. Similarly, in the subchronic study, the product did not induce mortality, change in histology of the vital organs, or alteration in hematological or biochemical parameters (except for an increase in ALP in female rats received 600 mg/kg). Conclusion The formulated product shows no signs of toxicity in rats up to 2000 mg/kg, 1200 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg in acute, subacute, and subchronic phases, respectively. It is suggested to monitor ALP levels in females in case of long-term use of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Bemidinezhad
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyyed Abbas Zojaji
- Department of Pharmacology, Mashhad Branch Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Education and Research, Army Health Center of Excellence (NEZAJA), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Taraz Jamshidi
- Solid Tumor Treatment Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Mondal M, Bala J, Mondal KR, Afrin S, Saha P, Saha M, Jamaddar S, Roy UK, Sarkar C. The protective effects of nerol to prevent the toxicity of carbon tetrachloride to the liver in Sprague-Dawley rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e23065. [PMID: 38125544 PMCID: PMC10731234 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Carbon-tetrachloride (CCl4) is well-known to cause liver damage due to severe oxidative stress. Nerol, on the other hand, is a monoterpene that is antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anxiolytic. This study set out to determine if nerol may be used as a prophylactic measure against the oxidative stress mediated hepatic injury caused by CCl4. Materials and methods For the aim of this experiment, 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats ranging in body weight (BW) from 140 to 180 g were split into five separate groups. With the exception of vehicle control group 1, all experimental rats were subjected to carbon tetrachloride exposure through intra-peritoneal injection at a 0.7 mL/kg body weight dose once a week for 4 weeks (28 days). The treatment groups 3 and 4 received oral administration of nerol at 50 and 100 mg/kg BW for 28 days. In the same time period, the standard control group received 100 mg/kg BW silymarin. Results Serum hepatic markers, lipid profiles, albumin, globulin, bilirubin, and total protein were all substantially improved in nerol-treated rats in a dose-dependent manner that had been exposed to CCl4 compared to the only CCl4-treated group. Carbon tetrachloride-exposed rats had lower glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels and higher thio-barbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels than normal rats. In contrast, administration of nerol shown a significant augmentation in the concentrations of these antioxidant compounds, while concurrently inducing a decline in the levels of TBARS in the hepatic tissue. In a similar vein, the histo-pathological examination yielded further evidence indicating that nerol offered protection to the hepatocyte against damage generated by CCl4. Conclusion According to the findings of our investigation, nerol has potential as a functional element to shield the liver from harm brought on by ROS that are caused by CCL4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milon Mondal
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Jibanananda Bala
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sadia Afrin
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Protyaee Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Moumita Saha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Sarmin Jamaddar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Uttam Kumar Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
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Maituoheti R, Rouzimaimaiti R, Tang D, Zhao J, Aisa HA. Seco-iridoid glycosides from the Gentiana olivieri Griseb and their bioactivities. Phytochemistry 2023; 215:113839. [PMID: 37657663 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The ethanol extract of the Gentiana olivieri Griseb plant was subjected to an investigation to ascertain the presence of its iridoid constituents. By means of HPLC and TLC monitoring, a total of thirteen previously unreported seco-iridoid glucosides olivierisecoside A-M, as well as seven known seco-iridoid glycosides and one known iridoid glycoside were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by a comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis and ECD calculations. The absolute configuration of olivierisecoside D was further confirmed through single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All the identified compounds were characterized as aromatic conjugated seco-iridoid glucosides, with olivierisecoside F-I representing a particularly rare subtype known as the morroniside type seco-iridoids. In vitro testing of the isolated compounds revealed their potential anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. The results showed olivieroside B and 6'-gentisoyl-8-epi-kingiside have good anti-inflammatory activities in LPS induced RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, olivierisecoside M exhibited some improvements in PA-induced L02 and HepG2 cells damage, known compound loganin showed slight hepatoprotective effect in PA-induced HepG2 cells damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyilan Maituoheti
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruxianguli Rouzimaimaiti
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Tang
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People's Republic of China.
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Alex BK, Anand U, Koshy EP, Dey A, Thomas G. Analysis of non-volatile metabolites and quantitation of the anti-arthritic alkaloid sinomenine from blood fruit (Haematocarpus validus (Miers) Bakh.f. ex Forman). Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2023; 396:2943-2955. [PMID: 37133789 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Haematocarpus validus (Miers) Bakh. f. ex Forman, a lesser-known fruit and medicinal plant of high nutraceutical and medicinal value, is used as anti-arthritic, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory agents in ethnomedicine. Metabolome studies in H. validus are a virgin area of research and here we report the spectra of non-volatiles present in the methanolic leaf and fruit extract, using high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the alkaloid sinomenine was quantified using high-performance thin layer chromatography spectrodensitometric analysis owing to its pharmacological importance as anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory drug. Electrospray ionization with protonation in positive mode was selected for the analysis and the spectral data was interrogated using MassHunter software. A total of 40 compounds were identified from leaf and fruit samples and the major classes of compounds identified were alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, tripeptides, vitamins, and related compounds. For separation and quantitation of sinomenine, chloroform:methanol:water (60:30:6.5, v/v) was used as the mobile phase and sinomenine hydrochloride as reference compound. The analysis confirmed the presence of sinomenine in both non-defatted and defatted methanolic leaf extract with quantities 45.73 and 26.02 mg/100 g dry weight, respectively. H. validus is a non-conventional source of sinomenine, the anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory alkaloid. Sinomenine detected in this study supports the ethnomedicinal uses of H. validus as an anti-arthritic agent. Further study is needed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of its anti-arthritic attributes as well as the corresponding structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessymole K Alex
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, Prayagraj, 211007, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, Prayagraj, 211007, India
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8499000, Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel
| | - Eapen P Koshy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, Prayagraj, 211007, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata-700073, West Bengal, India
| | - George Thomas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Uttar Pradesh, Prayagraj, 211007, India.
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Sowunmi BO, Gonzo M. The effect of Moringa oleifera crude extract on liver cell line, HepG2. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:380. [PMID: 37884920 PMCID: PMC10601157 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver plays a crucial role in the body's metabolic and detoxification processes. Given its importance, compromised liver function can negatively impact the body's metabolic and physiological function. Liver diseases can result from several factors, including exposure to toxins, alcohol consumption, and viral infections. Therefore, finding natural remedies for liver protection and treatment is important. Moringa oleifera is a tree known for its various medicinal properties, including hepatoprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the potential of M. oleifera seed extract in protecting liver cells. METHODS In this study, dried-seed powder of M. oleifera was extracted using extraction solvents, methanol, and ethanol. HepG2 cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations of the extracts. The antioxidative activity, cell viability, and antiproliferation were assessed using the total antioxidant capacity assay (TAC) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Additionally, liver enzyme activity was determined through alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase activity assays. RESULTS The extracts had varying effects on liver cells depending on the concentration and time of exposure. Lower concentrations (50 mg/l and 100 mg/l) have mild stimulatory effects/minimal impact on metabolic activity, while higher concentrations (200 mg/l and 400 mg/l) tend to decrease metabolic activity, especially at later time points. Moreover, the extracts effectively reduced the levels of the liver enzyme AST, indicating their ability to mitigate liver injury. CONCLUSION The study concludes that the crude extracts of M. oleifera seeds exhibit potential as a natural remedy for liver diseases. The effects of M. oleifera extract suggest that it has potential as a preventive and therapeutic agent for liver damage. This study highlights the importance of exploring natural remedies for liver protection and treatment.
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Hu Y, Li M, Wang Y, Xue Q, Luo X, Khan A, Zhao T, Liu Y, Wang Z, Wang Y, Cheng G. Protective effect of hot-water and ethanol-aqueous extracts from Anneslea fragrans against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113973. [PMID: 37506865 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Anneslea fragrans Wall. (AF) is an important medicinal and edible plant in China. The principal objectives of this study are to explore the hepatoprotective effect of ethanol-aqueous (AFE) and hot-water (AFW) extracts in vitro and in vivo. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis showed that AFW and AFE are rich in dihydrochalcones. Both AFW and AFE significantly up-regulated the expressions of SOD, CAT and GSH, reduced the MDA content in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced HepG2 cells, and suppressed the expressions of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in LPS-induced RAW246.7 cells. In APAP-induced mice, AFW and AFE administration significantly decreased the plasma levels of AST and ALT, and improved liver tissue damage, the collagen deposition and fibrosis formation. Moreover, AFW and AFE decreased the MDA and ROS accumulations via activating Nrf2 pathway to increase the hepatic GSH contents and activities of SOD, CAT, HO-1, and NQO-1, reduced the levels of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 by suppressing the JNK/p38/ERK/NF-κB pathways, and alleviated apoptosis via regulating Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3/9 protein expressions. This study provides a new sight that AFW and AFE may have a potential natural resource for the treatment of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Hu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Mengcheng Li
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yongpeng Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qingwang Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Xiaodong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Afsar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Tianrui Zhao
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhengxuan Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Yudan Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Guiguang Cheng
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Azam I, Benson JD. Silymarin mediated osmotic responses and damage in HepG2 cell suspensions and monolayers. Cryobiology 2023; 112:104552. [PMID: 37301358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.104552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of cells within a volume range compatible with their functional integrity is a critical determinant of cell survival after cryopreservation, and quantifying this osmotically induced damage is a part of the rational design of improved cryopreservation protocols. The degree that cells tolerate osmotic stress significantly impacts applicable cryoprotocols, but there has been little research on the time dependence of this osmotic stress. Additionally, the flavonoid silymarin has been shown to be hepatoprotective. Therefore, here we test the hypotheses that osmotic damage is time-dependent and that flavonoid inclusion reduces osmotic damage. In our first experiment, cells were exposed to a series of anisosmotic solutions of graded hypo- and hypertonicity for 10-40 min, resulting in a conclusion that osmotically induced damage is time dependent. In the next experiment, adherent cells preincubated with silymarin at the concentration of 10-4 mol/L and 10-5 mol/L showed a significant increase in cell proliferation and metabolic activity after osmotic stress compared to untreated matched controls. For instance, when adherent cells preincubated with 10-5 mol/L silymarin were tested, resistance to osmotic damage and a significant increase (15%) in membrane integrity was observed in hypo-osmotic media and a 22% increase in hyperosmotic conditions. Similarly, significant protection from osmotic damage was observed in suspended HepG2 cells in the presence of silymarin. Our study concludes that osmotic damage is time dependent, and the addition of silymarin leads to elevated resistance to osmotic stress and a potential increase in the cryosurvival of HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Azam
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - James D Benson
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Khaled SS, Soliman HA, Abdel-Gabbar M, Ahmed NA, El-Nahass ES, Ahmed OM. Naringin and naringenin counteract taxol-induced liver injury in Wistar rats via suppression of oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:90892-90905. [PMID: 37466839 PMCID: PMC10439847 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the preventing effects of naringin, naringenin, and their combination on liver injury induced by Taxol (paclitaxel) in Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats received 2 mg/kg Taxol intraperitoneal injections twice weekly on the second and fifth days of each week for 6 weeks. During the same period as Taxol administration, rats were given naringin, naringenin, or a combination of the two (10 mg/kg b.wt) every other day. Treatment with naringin and/or naringenin reduced the abnormally high serum levels of total bilirubin, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase in Taxol-treated rats. It also significantly increased the level of serum albumin, indicating an improvement in the liver. The perturbed histological liver changes were markedly improved due to the naringin and/or naringenin treatment in Taxol-administered rats. Additionally, the treatments reduced high hepatic lipid peroxidation and increased liver glutathione content as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Furthermore, the treatments reduced the levels of alpha-fetoprotein and caspase-3, a pro-apoptotic mediator. The naringin and naringenin mixture appeared more effective in improving organ function and structural integrity. In conclusion, naringin and naringenin are suggested to employ their hepatoprotective benefits via boosting the body's antioxidant defense system, reducing inflammation, and suppressing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa S. Khaled
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hanan A. Soliman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abdel-Gabbar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Noha A. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - El-Shaymaa El-Nahass
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Osama M. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Mahmoudi F, Arasteh O, Elyasi S. Preventive and therapeutic use of herbal compounds against doxorubicin induced hepatotoxicity: a comprehensive review. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2023; 396:1595-1617. [PMID: 36892626 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is associated with numerous acute and chronic dose-related toxicities including hepatotoxicity. This adverse reaction may limit the use of other chemotherapeutic agents with hepatic excretion, and so, its prevention is an important issue. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive review of in vitro, in vivo and human studies regarding the protective effects of synthetic and naturally-occurring compounds against DOX-induced liver injury. The search was conducted in Embase, PubMed, and Scopus databases using the following keywords: "doxorubicin," "Adriamycin," "hepatotoxicity," "liver injury," "liver damage," and "hepatoprotective," and all articles published in English were included without time restriction. Forty eligible studies to the end of May 2022 finally were reviewed. Our results demonstrated that all of these drugs, except acetylsalicylic acid, had considerable hepatoprotective effects against DOX. In addition, none of the studied compounds attenuated the antitumor efficacy of DOX treatment. Silymairn was the only compound which is assessed in human studies and showed promising preventive and therapeutic effects. Altogether, our results demonstrated that most of compounds with antioxidant, anti-apoptosis, and anti-inflammatory properties are efficacious against DOX-induced hepatotoxicity and may be considered as a potential adjuvant agent for prevention of hepatotoxicity in cancer patients, after fully been assessed in well-designed large clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Mahmoudi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 91775-1365, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Arasteh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 91775-1365, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sepideh Elyasi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 91775-1365, Mashhad, Iran.
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Santra HK, Banerjee D. Broad spectrum bioactivity of a novel β-glucan rich heteropolysaccharide, Pestalopine isolated from endophytic fungi Pestalotiopsis chamaeropsis CEL6. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:284. [PMID: 37438600 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03620-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
A biologically potent exopolysaccharide (EPS), Pestalopine was produced by Pestalotiopsis chamaeropsis CEL6, an endophytic fungal isolate of Chloranthus elatior Sw. Pestalopine is composed of glucose, arabinose, fucose, rhamnose, and galactose in a molar ratio of nearly 10:1:2:2:4 having an Mw ∼ 3.29 × 105 Da. Pestalopine exhibited a radical scavenging effect and significantly increased antioxidant parameters (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione oxidized glutathione) in peritoneal macrophage cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with a maximum effect at 500 mg mL-1. Pestalopine is hepatoprotective in nature and improves the liver function profiles-total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, hepatic enzymes: alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase of liver fibrosis induced (through thioacetamide) male Wistar rats in comparison to control. Pestalopine-fed rats are reported to have higher counts of beneficial Lactobacillus sp. Present findings suggest that Pestalopine, a novel compound may have promise as a non-toxic exogenous antioxidant with hepatoprotective and probiotic efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiran Kanti Santra
- Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Forestry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Debdulal Banerjee
- Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany and Forestry, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India.
- Center for Life Sciences, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India.
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Silitonga M, Sinaga E, Nugrahalia M, Silitonga PM. Hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Plectranthus amboinicus (lour.) spreng leaf in DMBA induced rats. Toxicon 2023:107212. [PMID: 37419284 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic of Plectranthus amboinicus Lour Spreng leaf extract (PEE) on blood biochemical profiles, non-specific immune system, liver histology were evaluated in rats induced DMBA. Twenty five female rats were divided into five groups, each with 5 rats. The negative control group (NC) received only food and water. The positive control group (PC) administered orally DMBA 20 mg/kg body weight (bw) once every four days for 32 days. The treatment groups received the PEE with three different doses of 175 (T1), 350 (T2), 700 (T3) mg/kg bw, respectively for 27 days after DMBA induction. At the end of the treatment, blood samples were collected to investigate the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, total protein, albumin and globulin as well as the hematological parameter, such as neutrophils, monocyte, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and red cell distribution width (RDW) were monitored. The results showed an increased level in ALT, AST, ALP, and bilirubin in the PC group. However, the T3 group (PEE 700 mg/kg) showed a significant decrease value (p < 0.05) in ALT, ALP, and bilirubin compared to the PC group. Our finding revealed that all PEE treatments had a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the total protein, albumin and globulin compared to the PC group. The neutrophils (18.60 ± 4.64) and monocytes (61.40 ± 4.99) are lowest in the T2 groups as well as the value of MCH, RDW and MCV were significantly alleviated compared to all other groups. Histopathological observation demonstrated that the administration of PEE improved hepatocyte architecture and reduced the number of necrosis and hydrophilic degeneration. In conclusion, PEE has hepatoprotective activity by improving liver function, enhancing the non-specific immune system and recovering histopathological hepatocytes in rats exposed to DMBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melva Silitonga
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan 20221, Jl. Willem Iskandar Psr V Medan, Indonesia.
| | - Erlintan Sinaga
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan 20221, Jl. Willem Iskandar Psr V Medan, Indonesia
| | - Meida Nugrahalia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan 20221, Jl. Willem Iskandar Psr V Medan, Indonesia
| | - Pasar M Silitonga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan 20221, Jl. Willem Iskandar Psr V Medan, Indonesia
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Omokhua-Uyi AG, Madikizela B, Aro AO, Abdalla MA, Van Staden J, McGaw LJ. Flavonoids of Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. as potential leads for treatment against tuberculosis. S Afr J Bot 2023; 158:158-165. [PMID: 37206481 PMCID: PMC10182713 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is currently rated as the 13th leading cause of mortality and the second leading cause of death after COVID-19, and above AIDS. Existing challenges relating to the development of multidrug-resistant strains and dangerous side effects of currently used drugs add impetus to the search for additional TB treatments. Hence, interest has grown in the use of medicinal plants as a source of bioactive preparations with efficacy against TB-causing organisms, and also with the ability to ameliorate the negative effects of TB drugs. This study aimed to evaluate the antimycobacterial and hepatoprotective potentials of extracts and isolated flavonoid compounds from invasive Chromolaena odorata. Test organisms used were pathogenic Mycobacterium bovis and M. tuberculosis H37RV, and the fast-growing M. aurum, M. fortuitum and M. smegmatis. The selectivity index (SI) values of the test substances were determined through cytotoxicity assays to promote these extracts and compounds as leads for the development of effective and safe anti-tubercular drugs. The antimycobacterial activity was evaluated using a serial microdilution method, and the SI was calculated from the 50% lethal concentrations calculated from cytotoxicity tests. Hepatoprotective activity was determined using HepG2 liver cells treated with rifampicin as a toxin. The extracts and compounds had a range of antimycobacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.031 to 2.5 mg/mL. Two flavonoid compounds, 5,7,4'-trimethoxy flavanone and 5‑hydroxy-3,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone showed promising antimycobacterial potential, and minimal toxicity was observed, as most SI values were higher than 1. The flavonoid compound 5,7,4'-trimethoxy flavanone had the highest SI (6.452), which was against M. tuberculosis H37RV. The HepG2 cells were reduced to 65% due to toxicity by rifampicin, however, the flavonoid compounds were able to improve cell viability to between 81 and 89% at different concentrations tested. Results obtained indicate that C. odorata may serve as a lead for the development of safe and effective antimycobacterial and hepatoprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Omokhua-Uyi
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3201, South Africa
| | - B Madikizela
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - A O Aro
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - M A Abdalla
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - J Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3201, South Africa
| | - L J McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
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Li D, Li Z, Dong L, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Wang J, Sun H, Wang S. Coffee prevents IQ-induced liver damage by regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, apoptosis, and the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in zebrafish. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112946. [PMID: 37254370 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
2-Amino-3-methylimidazole[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), one of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) produced in proteinaceous foods upon heating, is recognized as a carcinogen. Previous studies have confirmed that IQ intake can cause liver damage in zebrafish. In the current study, we revealed the protective effects of coffee against IQ-induced liver damage. We exposed one-month-old wild-type zebrafish to IQ (80 ng/mL) and coffee at 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, and 300 mg/L for 35 days. Markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), autophagy, and apoptosis in the liver were assessed to explore the potential mechanisms of the protective effects. The results showed that coffee effectively improved IQ-induced liver damage by reducing ALT, AST, TC, TG, and LDL-C levels, increasing HDL-C level, and restoring hepatic morphology. Moreover, coffee showed an antioxidative effect by increasing GSH, GSH-Px, GST, CAT, and SOD levels and attenuating ROS and MDA contents. Additionally, coffee reduced the NO, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-12 expression levels, presenting an anti-inflammatory effect. Furthermore, coffee protected against ERS, autophagy dysfunction, and apoptosis by decreasing the GRP78, CHOP, and p62 while increasing the Atg5-Atg12, Beclin1, LC3-II, and Bcl-2 expression levels. TUNEL results showed that coffee rescued IQ-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. In addition, coffee interrupted the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway by suppressing the phosphorylation expressions of JNK, ERK, p38, p65, and IκB. These findings indicated that coffee prevents IQ-induced liver damage with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-ERS, anti-apoptotic, and pro-autophagic effects, thus to serve as a functional beverage with potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lu Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yingshuang Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Mili A, Birangal S, Nandakumar K, Lobo R. A computational study to identify Sesamol derivatives as NRF2 activator for protection against drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10686-8. [PMID: 37392347 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10686-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury can be caused by any drugs, their metabolites, or natural products due to the inefficient functioning of drug-metabolizing enzymes, resulting in reactive oxygen species generation and leading to oxidative stress-induced cell death. For protection against oxidative stress, our cell has various defense mechanisms. One of the mechanisms is NRF2 pathway, when activated, protects the cell against oxidative stress. Natural antioxidants such as Sesamol have reported pharmacological activity (hepatoprotective & cardioprotective) and signaling pathways (NRF2 & CREM) altering potential. A Computational analysis was done using molecular docking, IFD, ADMET, MM-GBSA, and Molecular dynamic simulation of the Schrödinger suite. A total of 63,345 Sesamol derivatives were downloaded for the PubChem database. The protein structure of KEAP1-NRF2 (PDB: 4L7D) was downloaded from the RCSB protein database. The molecular docking technique was used to screen compounds that can form an interaction similar to the co-crystalized ligand (1VX). Based on MM-GBSA, docking score, and interactions, ten compounds were selected for ADMET profiling and IFD. After IFD, five compounds (66867225, 46148111, 12444939, 123892179, & 94817569) were selected for molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). Protein-ligand complex stability was assessed during MDS. The selected compounds (66867225, 46148111, 12444939, 123892179, & 94817569) complex with KEAP1 protein shows good stability and bond retentions. In our study, we observed that the selected compounds show good interaction, PCA, Rg, binding free energy, and ADMET profile. We can conclude that the selected compounds can act as NRF2 activators, which should be validated using proper in-vivo/in-vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Mili
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sumit Birangal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krishnadas Nandakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Richard Lobo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Li C, Zhang K, Jin X, Gao X, Lv J, Shen J, Gao X, Zhang H, Sun J. A transcriptomics and network pharmacology approach to elucidate the mechanism of action of geniposide on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110391. [PMID: 37262958 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Geniposide, the main active component of Fructus Gardeniae (FG), is known to confer protection against liver diseases. Herein we explored the hepatoprotective effects of geniposide and elucidated its molecular mechanism by transcriptome RNA-seq and network pharmacology. Liver injury was modeled by intraperitoneally injecting CCl4 (0.15% prepared with refined peanut oil) at a dose of 1.5 mL/kg thrice a week; from the second week, rats were administered geniposide (20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg) by gavage for 6 weeks. Serum and liver samples were then collected to assess liver function indicators and inflammatory factors and to observe pathological changes in the liver. The Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform was used to obtain transcriptome data from the liver tissue of rats after geniposide administration. Core targets and pathways related to the liver protection mechanism of geniposide were further analyzed by integrating transcriptomics and network pharmacology. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), core targets, and signaling pathways were identified by methods such as q-PCR, molecular docking, and Western blotting. We found that after geniposide administration, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and inflammatory factors decreased in the model group, and liver injury cells be effectively repaired. RNA-seq data analysis showed that compared to control group, the model group reversed 1,451 DEGs; further, compared to model group, geniposide reversed 511 DEGs. Eight key targets, including PIK3R1, ACOX3, and EGF, were found through further analyses. Geniposide was determined to mainly regulate the PPAR signaling pathway, apoptosis signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway in liver tissues. To summarize, the protective and restorative effects of geniposide on rat liver may seem to be related to its efficacy in inhibiting the activation of inflammatory pathways, thereby reducing cell apoptosis. Our findings should serve as the basis for the development of functional foods or drugs to prevent and treat liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunnan Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
| | - Kaiyue Zhang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
| | - Xin Jin
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
| | - Xiaochen Gao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
| | - Jingwei Lv
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
| | - Jiaming Shen
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
| | - Xu Gao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
| | - Jiaming Sun
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
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Liu F, Li JY, Han CB, Wang JH, Tong SY, Wang XK, Li YT, Sun WJ. First cocrystal of esculetin: simultaneously optimized in vitro/vivo properties and antioxidant effect. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 187:106469. [PMID: 37209999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Esculetin (ELT) is one of the best-known and simplest coumarins with powerful natural antioxidant effects but insoluble and difficult to absorb. In order to overcome the problems, cocrystal engineering was first applied to ELT in this paper. Nicotinamide (NAM) was selected as the coformer for its excellent water solubility and potential synergistic antioxidant effect with ELT. The structure of the ELT-NAM cocrystal was successfully prepared and characterized by IR, SCXRD, PXRD, and DSC-TG. Furthermore, the in vitro/vivo properties and antioxidant effects of the cocrystal were adequately studied. The results highlight that the ELT obtained tremendous improvements in water solubility and bioavailability after cocrystal formation. Meanwhile, the synergistic enhancement of ELT with NAM in antioxidant effect was demonstrated by the DPPH assay. Ultimately, the simultaneously optimized in vitro/vivo properties and antioxidant activity of the cocrystal created an improved practical effect of hepatoprotective in rat experiments. The investigation is significant for developing coumarin drugs represented by ELT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China; Liaocheng Key Laboratory of Quality Control and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Ganoderma lucidum, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China.
| | - Jin-Yang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Cai-Bei Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Jun-Hao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Si-Yi Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Xue-Kun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China
| | - Yan-Tuan Li
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266003, PR China.
| | - Wen-Jun Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, PR China.
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Ayenew KD, Wasihun Y. Hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of Agave americana leaves on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:99. [PMID: 37005601 PMCID: PMC10067186 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03931-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethiopians locally treat liver illnesses with A. Americana. Available literature demonstrates this. However, there are few in-vivo investigations that provide supporting data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of methanolic extract of Agave americana leaves on rat liver damage caused by paracetamol. METHODS The acute oral toxicity test was conducted in accordance with OECD-425 recommendations. The approach outlined by Eesha et al. (Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 4:466-469, 2011) was used to test the hepatoprotective activity. Wistar male rats weighing between 180 and 200 g were used, and six groups with seven animals each were formed. Group I received treatment with gum acacia (2%) at a dose of 2 ml/kg p.o. daily for 7 days. Rats in group II were treated with 2% gum acacia orally daily for seven days along with a single dose of paracetamol (2 mg/kg) p.o. on 7th day. Silymarin (50 mg/kg) was given orally to Group III for 7 days. Plant extract doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg were administered orally to Groups IV -VI for seven days, respectively. All rats in groups III-VI were treated with paracetamol (2 mg/kg) 30 min following extract administration. Blood samples were obtained from the cardiac puncture after paracetamol had been used for 24 h to induce toxicity. Serum biomarkers (AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin) were estimated. A histopathological investigation was also done. RESULTS No toxicity symptoms or animal fatalities were recorded during the acute toxicity study. The values of AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin were all substantially raised by paracetamol. Significant hepatoprotective effects were obtained by pretreatment with A. americana extract. Histopathological examination of the liver tissues of paracetamol control group represented the presence of marked foci of mononuclear infiltration in the hepatic parenchyma tissue, sinusoid, and around central vein, as well as disorganization of hepatic plates, necrosis, and fatty changes of hepatocytes. Pretreatment with A. americana extract reversed these alterations. Results of the methanolic extract of A. americana were comparable to Silymarin. CONCLUSION The current investigation supports the hepatoprotective properties of Agave americana methanolic extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassahun Dires Ayenew
- Department of Pharmacy, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.
| | - Yared Wasihun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ras Desta Damtew Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Khushboo, Gupta VK, Sharma B. Hepatoprotective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Garlic Against Reserpine Induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats. Indian J Clin Biochem 2023; 38:251-261. [PMID: 37025430 PMCID: PMC10070574 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Reserpine, a bioactive compound isolated from the roots of Rauwolfia serpentine, is known to deplete dopamine, a neurotransmitter. The clinical application of reserpine has been associated to manage hypertension, insanity, insomnia and schizophrenia. However, the usage of reserpine as a drug is restricted because of its ability of inducing excess free radicals production and oxidative stress resulting into damage to liver and other organs. Here, we have explored the antioxidative potential of extract of garlic prepared using ethanol (EEG) against reserpine-induced hepatic damage in the albino Wister rats.The animals were divided into four different groups containing 6 animals in each: (1) control + placebo, (2) control + EEG, (3) reserpine and (4) reserpine with EEG. The reserpine treatment resulted into sharp increase in the level of MDA and significant reduction in the activitiesof key antioxidative enzymes (SOD, GST, and CAT) in the rat liver. It also caused sharp perturbations in the levels of certain hepatic transaminases (ALT, AST) and glycolytic LDH. The histopathological results revealed hepatic necrosis, which could have occurred due to reserpine induced lipid peroxidation as well as reduction in the levels of antioxidant species.The administration of EEG, however, significantly ameliorated reserpine induced hepatotoxicity. These results reflected the ameliorative property of EEG, which was probably mediated via its antioxidant function as it contains several bioactive molecules with free radical quenching potential.This study suggestedthe prospective application of EEG as a supplement to combat the side effects of reserpine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo
- Departments of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, UP 211002 India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Departments of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, UP 211002 India
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Departments of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, UP 211002 India
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Sahoo S, Rath D, Kar DM, Pattanaik S. Hepatoprotective potency of Litsea glutinosa (L.) C.B. Rob. leaf methanol extract on H 2O 2-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 304:116076. [PMID: 36567040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leaves of Litsea glutinosa (L.) (Lauraceae) are traditionally used to treat hepatitis and liver injury by Bangladeshi folks. However, the hepatoprotective study of leaves of L. glutinosa has not been supported by any research. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of leaves of methanol extract of L. glutinosa using the HepG2 cell line. Phytochemicals were identified with the help of a GC-MS study followed by In-silico docking of the promising compounds to justify our hepatoprotective effect. MATERIALS & METHODS The dried leaves of L. glutinosa (LGAO) were extracted by Soxhlet using methanol as solvent. Antioxidant effects were investigated using Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Reduced glutathione (GSH), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in HepG2 cells against H2O2 intoxicated group. The In-vitro hepatoprotective effect of LGAO (100 μg/ml) was determined in HepG2 cells as compared with the Silymarin-treated standard group (100 μg/ml) along with morphological changes of cells. Twelve numbers of phytochemicals were identified by GC-MS study. In-silico studies are performed for their inhibitory effects against Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) and Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) using AUTODOCK Tools-1.5.6 and Discovery studio 4.0. RESULTS Methanol extract of L. glutinosa possesses (LGAO) significant (p < 0.0001) increase in SOD, GSH, and GPx levels and a decrease in MDA as compared with the control one. MTT assay in HepG2 cells showed a significant (p < 0.0001) increase in the percentage of cell viability in LGAO and Silymarin-treated group i.e., 71.98%, 88.59% respectively as compared with the H2O2 intoxicated group alone i.e., 22.74%. Restoration of cell architecture in HepG2 cells was obtained by the LGAO and Silymarin-treated group treated with H2O2. Further, the In-silico study of Neophytadiene compound showed the highest docking score -10.2 and -8.6 towards receptors. CONCLUSION Methanol extract of leaves of L. glutinosa showed potential hepatoprotective effect In-vitro which justified our traditional claim. The presence of phytochemical Neophytadiene may be responsible for the said effect. Furthermore, molecular docking scores were consistent with the In-vitro results. They targeted the substantial inhibitory effects of Litsea glutinosa against receptors to establish the correlation between experimental and theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasish Sahoo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Kalinga Nagar, 751003, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Diptirani Rath
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Kalinga Nagar, 751003, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Durga Madhab Kar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Kalinga Nagar, 751003, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sovan Pattanaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Kalinga Nagar, 751003, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Wahyuni DK, Wacharasindhu S, Bankeeree W, Wahyuningsih SPA, Ekasari W, Purnobasuki H, Punnapayak H, Prasongsuk S. In vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activities of leaf extracts from Sonchus arvensis L. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:47. [PMID: 36788545 PMCID: PMC9926696 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03871-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria continues to be a global problem due to the limited efficacy of current drugs and the natural products are a potential source for discovering new antimalarial agents. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate phytochemical properties, cytotoxic effect, antioxidant, and antiplasmodial activities of Sonchus arvensis L. leaf extracts both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The extracts from S. arvensis L. leaf were prepared by successive maceration with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, and then subjected to quantitative phytochemical analysis using standard methods. The antimalarial activities of crude extracts were tested in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain while the Peter's 4-day suppressive test model with P. berghei-infected mice was used to evaluate the in vivo antiplasmodial, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and immunomodulatory activities. The cytotoxic tests were also carried out using human hepatic cell lines in [3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay. RESULT The n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanolic extracts of S. arvensis L. leaf exhibited good in vitro antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values 5.119 ± 3.27, 2.916 ± 2.34, and 8.026 ± 1.23 μg/mL, respectively. Each of the extracts also exhibited high antioxidant with low cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate extract showed in vivo antiplasmodial activity with ED50 = 46.31 ± 9.36 mg/kg body weight, as well as hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and immunomodulatory activities in mice infected with P. berghei. CONCLUSION This study highlights the antiplasmodial activities of S. arvensis L. leaf ethyl acetate extract against P. falciparum and P. berghei as well as the antioxidant, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory activities with low toxicity. These results indicate the potential of Sonchus arvensis L. to be developed into a new antimalarial drug candidate. However, the compounds and transmission-blocking strategies for malaria control of S. arvensis L. extracts are essential for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwi Kusuma Wahyuni
- Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Sumrit Wacharasindhu
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Wichanee Bankeeree
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Sri Puji Astuti Wahyuningsih
- grid.440745.60000 0001 0152 762XDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, East Java, 60115 Indonesia
| | - Wiwied Ekasari
- grid.440745.60000 0001 0152 762XDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java 60115 Indonesia
| | - Hery Purnobasuki
- grid.440745.60000 0001 0152 762XDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, East Java, 60115 Indonesia
| | - Hunsa Punnapayak
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Sehanat Prasongsuk
- Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia.
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Anwar WS, Abdel-maksoud FM, Sayed AM, Abdel-Rahman IAM, Makboul MA, Zaher AM. Potent hepatoprotective activity of common rattan (Calamus rotang L.) leaf extract and its molecular mechanism. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:24. [PMID: 36717906 PMCID: PMC9885597 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calamus rotang L. (CR) is an Indian shrub. The leaves and other organs of the plant are traditionally used in India for treatment of various diseases. The in vitro antioxidant property of the leaves extract was previously established. Thus, the current study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of CR ethyl acetate extract at a dose of 350 mg/kg on CCl4 induced hepatotoxic rats through different mechanisms. METHODS Histopathological examination of the treated rats' group in comparison with positive and negative controls were performed. Quantitative measuring of the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF α), inflammatory regulators (Arginase, PPAR α) and the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 in comparison with positive and negative control groups was achieved using immunohistochemical examination. HPLC profiling of the polyphenol contents and molecular docking of the identified compounds against BH3 proapoptotic protein were correspondingly studied to evaluate the potential antiapoptotic property. RESULTS The CR extract greatly protects the liver tissue through the suppression of TNF α, arginase and PPAR α induced by CCl4 as well as its enhancement of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein. Fourteen polyphenols of different classes were identified in CR extract and tested via molecular docking for their potential antiapoptotic activities against BH3 protein. Naringin, rutin, 7-hydroxy flavone, and ellagic acid compounds exhibit the highest affinity and potential inhibition of pro-apoptotic protein BH3 via molecular docking study. CONCLUSIONS The ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves of C. rotang is rich in polyphenols that exhibited potent hepatoprotective effect on CCl4 induced hepatotoxic rats through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-steatosis and antiapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa S. Anwar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Merit University, New Sohag, Egypt
| | - Fatma M. Abdel-maksoud
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XDepartment of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XBiochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Iman A. M. Abdel-Rahman
- grid.412707.70000 0004 0621 7833Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Makboul A. Makboul
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Merit University, New Sohag, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Zaher
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Merit University, New Sohag, Egypt
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Mahawer SK, Kumar R, Prakash O, Arya S, Singh S, de Oliveira MS, Rawat DS. A Comprehensive Review on Phytochemistry, Ethnopharmacology, and Pharmacological Properties of Zingiber roseum (Roxb.) Roscoe. Curr Top Med Chem 2023:CTMC-EPUB-129112. [PMID: 36703584 DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666230126143635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal and aromatic plants are known to have a number of biologically active compounds. Since ancient times, such plants have been used in ethnopharmacology. A number of medicines have been developed from plant origin by researchers and Researchers continue to be interested in plant-based medicines.. Zingiberaceae is a well-known plant family for such types of medicinal and aromatic plants. Zingiber is the third largest genus of this family and Zingiber roseum (Roxb.) Roscoe is a medicinal and aromatic Z. roseum is a rhizomatous perennial herbaceous plant of this genus, popularly known as "Rosy Ginger" and "Jangli Adrak," utilized in the Siddha arrangement of medication, and its rhizomes have been used to treat injury, cough, asthma, skin illnesses, gastric ulcers, liver diseases, and heartburn in tradition. It also has ethnopharmacological uses, such as the rhizome of Z. roseum is used for digestion, relieving giddiness, and as a stimulant. Apart from this, it has been reported for several pharmacological activities such as antispasmodic, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities, etc. Z. roseum is a reservoir of several chemical constituents such as terpenes and terpenoids such as linalool, α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, etc., phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and ascorbic acid along with important unique constituents such as zerumbone which are responsible for its medicinal and other biological activities. In this review article, we discussed the thorough knowledge published by researchers regarding the phytochemistry, ethnopharmacological, and mediational properties of Z. roseum and its botanical descriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Kumar Mahawer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India.,Crop Production Division, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi- 284003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravendra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Om Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sushila Arya
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shailja Singh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira
- Campus de Pesquisa-Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi- Botany coordination, Av. Perimetral, 19001- Terra Firme, 66077-830, Belem-PA, Brazil
| | - Dharmendra Singh Rawat
- Department of Biological Science, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India
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Tudu CK, Bandyopadhyay A, Kumar M, Radha, Das T, Nandy S, Ghorai M, Gopalakrishnan AV, Proćków J, Dey A. Unravelling the pharmacological properties of cryptolepine and its derivatives: a mini-review insight. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2023; 396:229-38. [PMID: 36251044 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cryptolepine (1,5-methyl-10H-indolo[3,2-b]quinoline), an indoloquinoline alkaloid, found in the roots of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (Lindl.) Schltr (family: Periplocaceae), is associated with the suppression of cancer and protozoal infections. Cryptolepine also exhibits anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-hyperglycemic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypotensive, antipyretic, and antimuscarinic properties. This review of the latest research data can be exploited to create a basis for the discovery of new cryptolepine-based drugs and their analogues in the near future. PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched to select and collect data from the existing literature on cryptolepine and their pharmacological properties. Several in vitro studies have demonstrated the potential of cryptolepine A as an anticancer and antimalarial molecule, which is achieved through inhibiting DNA synthesis and topoisomerase II. This review summarizes the recent developments of cryptolepine pharmacological properties and functional mechanisms, providing information for future research on this natural product.
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Bose Mazumdar Ghosh A, Banerjee A, Chattopadhyay S. An insight into the potent medicinal plant Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn. Nucleus (Calcutta) 2022; 65:437-472. [PMID: 36407559 PMCID: PMC9660160 DOI: 10.1007/s13237-022-00409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn., a globally distributed herb is known for its several therapeutic potentials. P. amarus has a long history of use in the traditional system of medicine for over 2000 years owing to its wide array of secondary metabolites that confer significant medicinal attributes. Research on various aspects including ethnobotany, phytochemistry to bioactivity, or pharmacological studies has been conducted over the past several decades on this potent herb. P. amarus extracts have shown a broad range of pharmacological activities like hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimalarial, nephroprotective, diuretic, and several other properties. The present review compiles and covers literature and research of several groups across past decades to date and focuses on how the therapeutic significance of this plant can be further explored for future research either as herbal formulations, alternative medicine, or in the pharmaceutical industry. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13237-022-00409-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparupa Bose Mazumdar Ghosh
- Plant Biology Lab, Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 India
| | - Anindita Banerjee
- Undergraduate, Postgraduate, and Research Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), 30 Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016 India
| | - Sharmila Chattopadhyay
- Plant Biology Lab, Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 India
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Abou Baker DH, Ibrahim BM, Abdel-Latif Y, Hassan NS, Hassan EM, El Gengaihi S. Biochemical and pharmacological prospects of Citrus sinensis peel. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09979. [PMID: 36039135 PMCID: PMC9418229 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric ulcer and hepatotoxicity due to irrational drug overuse are two of the most serious conditions associated with inflammation and oxidative stress that affect the digestive system. This study aimed to experimentally evaluate the hepatoprotective/gastroprotective effects of aqueous and butanol citrus peel extracts and hesperidin in rat models of ulcer and hepatotoxicity. Acute toxicity study was performed for determining the safe dose of citrus extracts to analyze efficacy. In the experiments on hepatoprotective and gastroprotective effects, rats were classified into nine groups in each experiment: (1) negative control, (2) positive control hepatotoxic model with paracetamol (640 mg/kg)/gastric ulcer model:ethanol 70% (1 ml), (3)reference hepatoprotective:silymarin (25 mg/kg)/gastroprotective:ranitidine (50 mg/kg), and (4-9) groups treated for 2 weeks before induction of each disease with either citrus aqueous or butanol extracts or hesperidin (125-250 mg/kg). Drugs, ethanol, or tested compounds were administered orally. The levels of biochemical parameters, such as AST, ALT, NO, MDA, CRP, and ILβ6, were significantly reduced, but CAT level was increased. Postmortem examination of liver and stomach tissues of treated animals revealed marked improvement compared with positive control animals. Hesperidin exerted the best hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and gastroprotective effects, followed by butanol and then aqueous citrus peel extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha H. Abou Baker
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, PO 12622, Egypt
| | - Bassant M.M. Ibrahim
- Pharmacology Department, Medicine and Clinical Studies Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, PO 12622, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Abdel-Latif
- Pharmacology Department, Medicine and Clinical Studies Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, PO 12622, Egypt,Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 6th October, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nabila S. Hassan
- Pathology Department, Medical Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, PO 12622, Egypt
| | - Emad M. Hassan
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, PO 12622, Egypt
| | - Souad El Gengaihi
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, PO 12622, Egypt,Corresponding author.
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Zhao H, Kong L, Shao M, Liu J, Sun C, Li C, Wang Y, Chai X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li X. Protective effect of flavonoids extract of Hippophae rhamnoides L. on alcoholic fatty liver disease through regulating intestinal flora and inhibiting TAK1/p38MAPK/p65NF-κB pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 292:115225. [PMID: 35341932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The therapeutic properties of Hippophae rhamnoides L. were already known in ancient Greece as well as in Tibetan and Mongolian medicine. Modern studies have indicated that Hippophae rhamnoides L. fermentation liquid protected against alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD). However, the underlying mechanism of Hippophae rhamnoides L. flavonoids extract (HLF) treating AFLD remains elusive. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of HLF in mice with AFLD and the interaction between AFLD and gut microbiota. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical constituents of HLF were analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Ion Trap-ESI-Mass Spectrometry. The Hepatoprotective effect of HLF was evaluated in mice with AFLD induced by alcohol (six groups, n = 10) daily at doses of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 g/kg for 30 consecutive days. At the end of experiment, mice were sacrificed and the liver, serum and feces were harvested for analysis. The liver histological changes were observed by H&E staining and oil red O staining. Moreover, the alterations of fecal microflora were detected by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The inflammatory related genes were determined by qRT-PCR and western blotting respectively. RESULTS The results showed that the oral administration of HLF remarkably alleviated hepatic lipid accumulation by decreasing the levels of ALT, AST, TG and TC. The levels of TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-6 were also reduced after treatment with HLF. Meanwhile, the protein and mRNA expression of NF-kB p65, MAPK p38 and TAK-1 in the liver of mice with AFLD were all reduced by HLF compared with model group. Furthermore, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis demonstrated that HLF treatment can help restore the imbalance of intestinal microbial ecosystem and reverse the changes in Fimicutes/Bacterodietes, Clostridiales, Lachnospiraceae, S24-7, and Prevotella in mice with AFLD. CONCLUSION HLF can effectively ameliorate liver injury in mice with AFLD, and regulate the composition of gut microbiota. Its regulatory mechanism may be related to TAK1/p38MAPK/p65NF-κB pathway. This study may provide novel insights into the mechanism of HLF on AFLD and a basis for promising clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Lingzhou Kong
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Mengting Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Changhai Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Changxu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xue Chai
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, PR China.
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Elsayed HE, Ebrahim HY, Mady MS, Khattab MA, El-Sayed EK, Moharram FA. Ethnopharmacological impact of Melaleuca rugulosa (Link) Craven leaves extract on liver inflammation. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 292:115215. [PMID: 35337921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Melaleuca species have been used by many ethnic communities for the management and treatment of several ailments as hemorrhoids, cough, skin infections, rheumatism, sore throat, pain, inflammation, and digestive system malfunctions. However, the detailed mechanistic pharmacological effect of Melaleuca rugulosa (Link) Craven leaves in the management of liver inflammation has not been yet addressed. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic capacities of the aqueous methanol extract of M. rugulosa leaves in relevance to their flavonoid content using an appropriate in vivo model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aqueous methanol extract of M. rugulosa leaves was administered to the rats at three non-toxic doses (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) for seven days prior to the initiation of liver-injury induced by paracetamol (3 g/kg). Liver enzymes including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were evaluated in serum samples. The oxidative stress markers including reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) levels as well as the inflammatory markers such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), were assessed in liver homogenate. The results were supported by histopathological and immuno-histochemical studies. The phytochemical investigation of the flavonoid-rich fraction of the aqueous methanol extract was accomplished using different chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. RESULTS The aqueous methanol extract of M. rugulosa leaves showed a powerful hepatoprotective activity evidenced by the significant reduction of MDA and NO levels, as well as increasing GSH and catalase activity. Moreover, the extract exhibited anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic activities witnessed by decreasing TNF-α, NF-κB, iNOS, p-JNK, caspase-3, BAX, and increasing Bcl-2 levels. Moreover, the pretreatment of rats with all doses of M. rugulosa leaves extract showed a significant decrease in liver weight/body weight (LW/BW) ratio, and total bilirubin induced by paracetamol. On the other hand, the chromatographic separation of the flavonoid-rich fraction afforded twenty known flavonoids namely; iso-orientin (1), orientin (2), isovitexin (3), vitexin (4), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronid methyl ether (5), quercetin-3-O-β-D-mannuronpyranoside (6), isoquercetin (7), quercitrin (8), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-mannuronopyranoside (9), kaempferol-7-O-methyl ether-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), guaijaverin (11), avicularin (12), kaempferide-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (13), astragalin (14), afzelin (15), luteolin (16), apigenin (17), quercetin (18), kaempferol (19), and catechin (20). CONCLUSION The aqueous methanol extract of M. rugulosa leaves showed potential hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities against paracetamol-induced liver inflammation which is correlated at least in part to its considerable phenolic content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba E Elsayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt.
| | - Hassan Y Ebrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Mady
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Khattab
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Elsayed K El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Moharram
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
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Beigi T, Safi A, Satvati M, Kalantari-Hesari A, Ahmadi R, Meshkibaf MH. Protective role of ellagic acid and taurine against fluoxetine induced hepatotoxic effects on biochemical and oxidative stress parameters, histopathological changes, and gene expressions of IL-1β, NF-κB, and TNF-α in male Wistar rats. Life Sci 2022; 304:120679. [PMID: 35662648 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES Hepatic bioactivation of fluoxetine (FXN) could increase free radicals' generation provoking hepatotoxicity. Therefore, the protective effects of ellagic acid (EA) and taurine (TAU) treatments against fluoxetine-induced liver damage in rats were examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 8 groups (n = 8). Group (1) Control, group (2) FXN, group (3) FXN + EA, group (4) FXN + TAU, group (5) FXN + EA + TAU, group (6) EA, group (7) TAU, and group (8) EA + TAU. Then, the serum and tissue parameters of the oxidative stress were examined. KEY FINDINGS FXN significantly raised serum MDA, protein carbonyl, lipid profile, ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, serum IL-1β; and gene expressions of IL-1β, NF-κB, and TNF-α. Moreover, it significantly decreased HDL-C, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), catalase activity, vitamin C, and SOD activity in the liver compared to group 1. When compared to group 2, EA and TAU treatment dramatically increased antioxidant capacity and lowered hepatotoxic biochemical markers and cellular inflammation. Results also showed a protective effect of treatment against oxidative damage caused by hepatocytes' cytoarchitecture. SIGNIFICANCE Our study concluded the beneficial effects of EA and TAU on FXN-induced hepatotoxicity. These effects were derived from free radical scavenging properties and the anti-inflammatory effects related to IL-1β, NF-κB, and TNF-α gene expression inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Beigi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Amir Safi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahdi Satvati
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ali Kalantari-Hesari
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Zhang X, Gao X, Long G, Yang Y, Chen G, Hou G, Huo X, Jia J, Wang A, Hu G. Lanostane-type triterpenoids from the mycelial mat of Ganoderma lucidum and their hepatoprotective activities. Phytochemistry 2022; 198:113131. [PMID: 35248578 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), a well-known Polyporaceae family fungus, is valued for its edibility and medicinal properties. It is a rich source of active polysaccharides and triterpenoids. However, obtaining material for medicinal purposes relies on artificial cultivation in a greenhouse, which requires large amounts of tree trunk due to the low biomass transformation rate. Therefore, an effective and environment-friendly culture method should be developed and the chemical compounds in the cultured material should be studied. Here we report the isolation and structural elucidation of 10 undescribed lanostane triterpenoids and 21 known compounds from statically cultured mycelial mat of G. lucidum. The hepatoprotective activity of these compounds in H2O2-induced HepG2 cells was evaluated. The structure-activity relationship is discussed. Our results demonstrated that twelve ganoderic acid derivatives possess significant hepatoprotective activities, as judged by suppressed activities of ALT, AST and LDH and increased GSH levels in H2O2-injured HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Long
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongcheng Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoli Hou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuting Huo
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingming Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Anhua Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gaosheng Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Orumwense GE, Osagie AM, Omage SO, Omage K, Azeke MA. Synclisia scabrida protects against oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity and hyperglycaemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:669-680. [PMID: 35673515 PMCID: PMC9167381 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Synclisia scabrida is commonly used in traditional medical practices for the management of diseases like diabetes and its complications. This study seeks to establish a scientific rationale for this practice. Methods Thirty Wistar rats were randomly and equally grouped into six. Alloxan was used to induce diabetes in the rats in groups 2 to 6. The diabetic rats in group 2 were treated with glibenclamide, while those in group 3 were not treated. Also, the diabetic rats in groups 4, 5 and 6 were, respectively, treated with the ethanol extracts of the stem, root and leaf of S. scabrida. After 28 days of treatment, blood and organ samples were collected for biochemical studies. Results S. scabrida possesses high amounts of useful phytochemicals. It also exhibits high total reducing capacity, FRAP activity, DPPH and ABTS scavenging ability. The inhibition of the α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities by the methanol extracts of S. scabrida stem, leaf and root were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of glibenclamide. Administration of S. scabrida extracts to the alloxan-induced diabetic rats caused significant (p < 0.05) decreases in the blood glucose, total bilirubin, AST, ALT, and ALP of the treated groups as compared to that of the untreated group. Treatment with the extracts also resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) lower LPO and significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels of GSH, SOD and CAT. Conclusion S. scabrida extracts exhibited antioxidative, hepatoprotective and hypoglycaemic properties which are similar to that of the standard drug, glibenclamide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aishat Mary Osagie
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State Nigeria
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sylvia Oghogho Omage
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin, Edo State Nigeria
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Kingsley Omage
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Igbinedion University Okada, Benin, Edo State Nigeria
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marshall Arebojie Azeke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State Nigeria
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