51
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Wang H, Ma R, Nienhaus K, Nienhaus GU. Formation of a Monolayer Protein Corona around Polystyrene Nanoparticles and Implications for Nanoparticle Agglomeration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900974. [PMID: 31021510 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP) interactions with cells and organisms are mediated by a biomolecular adsorption layer, the so-called "protein corona." An in-depth understanding of the corona is a prerequisite to successful and safe application of NPs in biology and medicine. In this work, earlier in situ investigations on small NPs are extended to large polystyrene (PS) NPs of up to 100 nm diameter, using human transferrin (Tf) and human serum albumin (HSA) as model proteins. Direct NP sizing experiments reveal a reversibly bound monolayer protein shell (under saturating conditions) on hydrophilic, carboxyl-functionalized (PS-COOH) NPs, as was earlier observed for much smaller NPs. In contrast, protein binding on hydrophobic, sulfated (PS-OSO3 H) NPs in solvent of low ionic strength is completely irreversible; nevertheless, the thickness of the observed protein corona again corresponds to a protein monolayer. Under conditions of reduced charge repulsion (higher ionic strength), the NPs are colloidally unstable and form large clusters below a certain protein-NP stoichiometric ratio, indicating that the adsorbed proteins induce NP agglomeration. This comprehensive characterization of the persistent protein corona on PS-OSO3 H NPs by nanoparticle sizing and quantitative fluorescence microscopy/nanoscopy reveals mechanistic aspects of molecular interactions occurring during exposure of NPs to biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Rui Ma
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karin Nienhaus
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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52
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Moustaoui H, Saber J, Djeddi I, Liu Q, Movia D, Prina-Mello A, Spadavecchia J, Lamy de la Chapelle M, Djaker N. A protein corona study by scattering correlation spectroscopy: a comparative study between spherical and urchin-shaped gold nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:3665-3673. [PMID: 30741295 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09891c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The study of protein interactions with gold nanoparticles (GNP) is a key step prior to any biomedical application. These interactions depend on many GNP parameters such as size, surface charge, chemistry, and shape. In this work, we propose to use a sensitive technique named scattering correlation spectroscopy or SCS to study protein interactions with GNP. SCS allowed the investigation of the GNP hydrodynamic radius with a very high sensitivity before and after interaction with proteins. No labeling is needed. As a proof-of-concept, two of the most used morphologies of GNP-based nanovectors have been used within this work: spherical-shaped GNP (GNS) and branched-shaped GNP (GNU). The measurement of several parameters such as the number of proteins binding to one GNP, the binding affinity and the cooperativeness of binding for three different plasma proteins on the GNP surface was carried out. While GNS showed an increase in the hydrodynamic radius, indicating that each kind of protein binds on the GNS in a specific orientation, GNU showed different orientations of proteins due to their multi-oriented surfaces (tips) with a higher surface to volume area. Quantitative data based on the Hill model were extracted to obtain the affinity of the proteins to both GNS and GNU surfaces. Data variations can be understood in terms of the electrostatic properties of the proteins, which interact differently with the negatively charged GNP surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Moustaoui
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, Laboratoire CSPBAT, CNRS (UMR 7244), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, F-93017 Bobigny, France.
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53
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Weiss ACG, Krüger K, Besford QA, Schlenk M, Kempe K, Förster S, Caruso F. In Situ Characterization of Protein Corona Formation on Silica Microparticles Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Combined with Microfluidics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:2459-2469. [PMID: 30600987 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In biological fluids, proteins bind to particles, forming so-called protein coronas. Such adsorbed protein layers significantly influence the biological interactions of particles, both in vitro and in vivo. The adsorbed protein layer is generally described as a two-component system comprising "hard" and "soft" protein coronas. However, a comprehensive picture regarding the protein corona structure is lacking. Herein, we introduce an experimental approach that allows for in situ monitoring of protein adsorption onto silica microparticles. The technique, which mimics flow in vascularized tumors, combines confocal laser scanning microscopy with microfluidics and allows the study of the time-evolution of protein corona formation. Our results show that protein corona formation is kinetically divided into three different phases: phase 1, proteins irreversibly and directly bound (under physiologically relevant conditions) to the particle surface; phase 2, irreversibly bound proteins interacting with preadsorbed proteins, and phase 3, reversibly bound "soft" protein corona proteins. Additionally, we investigate particle-protein interactions on low-fouling zwitterionic-coated particles where the adsorption of irreversibly bound proteins does not occur, and on such particles, only a "soft" protein corona is formed. The reported approach offers the potential to define new state-of-the art procedures for kinetics and protein fouling experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia C G Weiss
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , 3010 Victoria , Australia
| | - Kilian Krüger
- Physical Chemistry I , University of Bayreuth , Universitätsstraβe 30 , 95447 Bayreuth , Germany
- JCSN-1/ICS-1 , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Wilhelm-Johnen-Straβe , 52428 Jülich , Germany
| | - Quinn A Besford
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , 3010 Victoria , Australia
| | - Mathias Schlenk
- Physical Chemistry I , University of Bayreuth , Universitätsstraβe 30 , 95447 Bayreuth , Germany
| | - Kristian Kempe
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , Parkville , 3052 Victoria , Australia
| | - Stephan Förster
- Physical Chemistry I , University of Bayreuth , Universitätsstraβe 30 , 95447 Bayreuth , Germany
- JCSN-1/ICS-1 , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Wilhelm-Johnen-Straβe , 52428 Jülich , Germany
- Physical Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , 3010 Victoria , Australia
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54
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Negwer I, Best A, Schinnerer M, Schäfer O, Capeloa L, Wagner M, Schmidt M, Mailänder V, Helm M, Barz M, Butt HJ, Koynov K. Monitoring drug nanocarriers in human blood by near-infrared fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5306. [PMID: 30546066 PMCID: PMC6294246 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07755-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocarrier-based drug delivery is a promising therapeutic approach that offers unique possibilities for the treatment of various diseases. However, inside the blood stream, nanocarriers' properties may change significantly due to interactions with proteins, aggregation, decomposition or premature loss of cargo. Thus, a method for precise, in situ characterization of drug nanocarriers in blood is needed. Here we show how the fluorescence correlation spectroscopy that is a well-established method for measuring the size, loading efficiency and stability of drug nanocarriers in aqueous solutions can be used to directly characterize drug nanocarriers in flowing blood. As the blood is not transparent for visible light and densely crowded with cells, we label the nanocarriers or their cargo with near-infrared fluorescent dyes and fit the experimental autocorrelation functions with an analytical model accounting for the presence of blood cells. The developed methodology contributes towards quantitative understanding of the in vivo behavior of nanocarrier-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inka Negwer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Best
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Meike Schinnerer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Jakob Welder Weg 11, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Olga Schäfer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Leon Capeloa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Schmidt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Jakob Welder Weg 11, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mark Helm
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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55
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Holm R, Douverne M, Weber B, Bauer T, Best A, Ahlers P, Koynov K, Besenius P, Barz M. Impact of Branching on the Solution Behavior and Serum Stability of Starlike Block Copolymers. Biomacromolecules 2018; 20:375-388. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Holm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcel Douverne
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Bauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Best
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Patrick Ahlers
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Pol Besenius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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56
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Morsbach S, Gonella G, Mailänder V, Wegner S, Wu S, Weidner T, Berger R, Koynov K, Vollmer D, Encinas N, Kuan SL, Bereau T, Kremer K, Weil T, Bonn M, Butt HJ, Landfester K. Engineering von Proteinen an Oberflächen: Von komplementärer Charakterisierung zu Materialoberflächen mit maßgeschneiderten Funktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Morsbach
- Max Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Grazia Gonella
- Max Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Abteilung für Dermatologie; Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Langenbeckstraße 1 55131 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Seraphine Wegner
- Max Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Si Wu
- Max Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Tobias Weidner
- Max Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Abteilung für Chemie; Universität Aarhus; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Dänemark
| | - Rüdiger Berger
- Max Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Doris Vollmer
- Max Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Noemí Encinas
- Max Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Seah Ling Kuan
- Max Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Tristan Bereau
- Max Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Kurt Kremer
- Max Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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57
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Morsbach S, Gonella G, Mailänder V, Wegner S, Wu S, Weidner T, Berger R, Koynov K, Vollmer D, Encinas N, Kuan SL, Bereau T, Kremer K, Weil T, Bonn M, Butt HJ, Landfester K. Engineering Proteins at Interfaces: From Complementary Characterization to Material Surfaces with Designed Functions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12626-12648. [PMID: 29663610 PMCID: PMC6391961 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Once materials come into contact with a biological fluid containing proteins, proteins are generally—whether desired or not—attracted by the material's surface and adsorb onto it. The aim of this Review is to give an overview of the most commonly used characterization methods employed to gain a better understanding of the adsorption processes on either planar or curved surfaces. We continue to illustrate the benefit of combining different methods to different surface geometries of the material. The thus obtained insight ideally paves the way for engineering functional materials that interact with proteins in a predetermined manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Morsbach
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Grazia Gonella
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Seraphine Wegner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Si Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Weidner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rüdiger Berger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Doris Vollmer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Noemí Encinas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Seah Ling Kuan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tristan Bereau
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kurt Kremer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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58
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Wang M, Gustafsson OJR, Pilkington EH, Kakinen A, Javed I, Faridi A, Davis TP, Ke PC. Nanoparticle-proteome in vitro and in vivo. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:6026-6041. [PMID: 32254813 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01634h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The protein corona is a concept central to a range of disciplines exploiting the bio-nano interface. As the literature continues to expand in this field, it is essential to condense and contextualize the in vitro and in vivo proteome databases accumulated over the past decade: a goal which this review intends to achieve for the benefit of nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology. The parameters used for our review are the physicochemical characteristics of the nanoparticles, their surface ligands, the biological matrix from which a corona was formed, methods employed, plus the top-ten enriched corona proteins. In addition, the protein coronal networks and their implications in vivo are highlighted for selected studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyi Wang
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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59
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Sipos A, Kim KJ, Chow RH, Flodby P, Borok Z, Crandall ED. Alveolar epithelial cell processing of nanoparticles activates autophagy and lysosomal exocytosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L286-L300. [PMID: 29722567 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00108.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Using confocal microscopy, we quantitatively assessed uptake, processing, and egress of near-infrared (NIR)-labeled carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles (PNP) in live alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) during interactions with primary rat AEC monolayers (RAECM). PNP fluorescence intensity (content) and colocalization with intracellular vesicles in a cell were determined over the entire cell volume via z stacking. Isotropic cuvette-based microfluorimetry was used to determine PNP concentration ([PNP]) from anisotropic measurements of PNP content assessed by confocal microscopy. Results showed that PNP uptake kinetics and steady-state intracellular content decreased as diameter increased from 20 to 200 nm. For 20-nm PNP, uptake rate and steady-state intracellular content increased with increased apical [PNP] but were unaffected by inhibition of endocytic pathways. Intracellular PNP increasingly colocalized with autophagosomes and/or lysosomes over time. PNP egress exhibited fast Ca2+ concentration-dependent release and a slower diffusion-like process. Inhibition of microtubule polymerization curtailed rapid PNP egress, resulting in elevated vesicular and intracellular PNP content. Interference with autophagosome formation led to slower PNP uptake and markedly decreased steady-state intracellular content. At steady state, cytosolic [PNP] was higher than apical [PNP], and vesicular [PNP] (~80% of intracellular PNP content) exceeded both cytosolic and intracellular [PNP]. These data are consistent with the following hypotheses: 1) autophagic processing of nanoparticles is essential for maintenance of AEC integrity; 2) altered autophagy and/or lysosomal exocytosis may lead to AEC injury; and 3) intracellular [PNP] in AEC can be regulated, suggesting strategies for enhancement of nanoparticle-driven AEC gene/drug delivery and/or amelioration of AEC nanoparticle-related cellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Sipos
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Kwang-Jin Kim
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert H Chow
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.,Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Per Flodby
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Zea Borok
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Edward D Crandall
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.,Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.,Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.,Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
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60
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Weiss ACG, Kempe K, Förster S, Caruso F. Microfluidic Examination of the “Hard” Biomolecular Corona Formed on Engineered Particles in Different Biological Milieu. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2580-2594. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia C. G. Weiss
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kristian Kempe
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Stephan Förster
- Physical Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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61
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Dynamic analysis of the interactions between Si/SiO 2 quantum dots and biomolecules for improving applications based on nano-bio interfaces. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5289. [PMID: 29588488 PMCID: PMC5869727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23621-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their outstanding properties, quantum dots (QDs) received a growing interest in the biomedical field, but it is of major importance to investigate and to understand their interaction with the biomolecules. We examined the stability of silicon QDs and the time evolution of QDs – protein corona formation in various biological media (bovine serum albumin, cell culture medium without or supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum-FBS). Changes in the secondary structure of BSA were also investigated over time. Hydrodynamic size and zeta potential measurements showed an evolution in time indicating the nanoparticle-protein interaction. The protein corona formation was also dependent on time, albumin adsorption reaching the peak level after 1 hour. The silicon QDs adsorbed an important amount of FBS proteins from the first 5 minutes of incubation that was maintained for the next 8 hours, and diminished afterwards. Under protein-free conditions the QDs induced cell membrane damage in a time-dependent manner, however the presence of serum proteins attenuated their hemolytic activity and maintained the integrity of phosphatidylcholine layer. This study provides useful insights regarding the dynamics of BSA adsorption and interaction of silicon QDs with proteins and lipids, in order to understand the role of QDs biocorona.
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62
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Xiao W, Xiong J, Zhang S, Xiong Y, Zhang H, Gao H. Influence of ligands property and particle size of gold nanoparticles on the protein adsorption and corresponding targeting ability. Int J Pharm 2018; 538:105-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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63
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Yan R, Yu BQ, Yin MM, Zhou ZQ, Xiang X, Han XL, Liu Y, Jiang FL. The interactions of CdTe quantum dots with serum albumin and subsequent cytotoxicity: the influence of homologous ligands. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:147-155. [PMID: 30090570 PMCID: PMC6062011 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00301c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With spreading applications of fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) in biomedical fields in recent years, there is increasing concern over their toxicity. Among various factors, surface ligands play critical roles. Previous studies usually employed QDs with different kinds of surface ligands, but general principles were difficult to be obtained since it was hard to compare these surface ligands with varied chemical structures without common features. Herein, the physicochemical properties of two types of CdTe QDs were kept very similar, but different in the surface ligands with mercaptoacetic acid (TGA) and 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), respectively. These two types of homologous ligands only had a difference in one methylene group (-CH2-). The interactions of the two types of CdTe QDs with bovine serum albumin (BSA), which was one of the main components of cell culture, were studied by fluorescence, UV-vis absorption, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. It was found that the fluorescence quenching of BSA by CdTe QDs followed a static quenching mechanism, and there was no obvious difference in the Stern-Volmer quenching constants and binding constants. The thermodynamic parameters of the two types of QDs were similar. BSA underwent conformational changes upon association with these QDs. By comparing the cytotoxicity of these two types of QDs, TGA-capped QDs were found to be less cytotoxic than MPA-capped QDs. Besides, in the presence of serum proteins, the cytotoxicity of the QDs was reduced. QDs in the absence of serum proteins had a higher internalization efficiency, compared with those in the medium with serum. To the best of our knowledge, this is a rare study focusing on surface ligands with such small variations at the biomolecular and cellular levels. These findings can provide new insights for the design and applications of QDs in complex biological media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; Tel: +86-27-68756667
| | - Bing-Qiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; Tel: +86-27-68756667
| | - Miao-Miao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; Tel: +86-27-68756667
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; Tel: +86-27-68756667
| | - Xun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; Tel: +86-27-68756667
| | - Xiao-Le Han
- College of Chemistry and Material Sciences , South-Central University for Nationalities , Wuhan 430074 , P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; Tel: +86-27-68756667
| | - Feng-Lei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; Tel: +86-27-68756667
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64
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Carril M, Padro D, Del Pino P, Carrillo-Carrion C, Gallego M, Parak WJ. In situ detection of the protein corona in complex environments. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1542. [PMID: 29142258 PMCID: PMC5688064 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01826-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) are a versatile potential platform for in vivo nanomedicine. Inside blood circulation, NPs may undergo drastic changes, such as by formation of a protein corona. The in vivo corona cannot be completely emulated by the corona formed in blood. Thus, in situ detection in complex media, and ultimately in vivo, is required. Here we present a methodology for determining protein corona formation in complex media. NPs are labeled with 19F and their diffusion coefficient measured using 19F diffusion-ordered nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 19F diffusion NMR measurements of hydrodynamic radii allow for in situ characterization of NPs in complex environments by quantification of protein adsorption to the surface of NPs, as determined by increase in hydrodynamic radius. The methodology is not optics based, and thus can be used in turbid environments, as in the presence of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Carril
- CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastian, 20014, Spain. .,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48011, Spain.
| | | | - Pablo Del Pino
- CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastian, 20014, Spain.,Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, 35037, Germany.,Centro Singular de Investigacion en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), and Departamento de Física de Partículas, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | | | | | - Wolfgang J Parak
- CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastian, 20014, Spain. .,Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, 35037, Germany. .,Fachbereich Physik and CHyN, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, 20355, Germany.
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65
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Wang H, Lin Y, Nienhaus K, Nienhaus GU. The protein corona on nanoparticles as viewed from a nanoparticle‐sizing perspective. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 10:e1500. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- Institute of Applied PhysicsKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany
| | - Youhui Lin
- Institute of Applied PhysicsKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEggenstein‐LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Karin Nienhaus
- Institute of Applied PhysicsKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany
| | - G. Ulrich Nienhaus
- Institute of Applied PhysicsKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEggenstein‐LeopoldshafenGermany
- Institute of Toxicology and GeneticsKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyEggenstein‐LeopoldshafenGermany
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
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66
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CE Separation and ICP-MS Detection of Gold Nanoparticles and Their Protein Conjugates. Chromatographia 2017; 80:1695-1700. [PMID: 29170563 PMCID: PMC5681605 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A full understanding and mediation of nanoparticle-serum protein interactions is key to design nanoparticles with vivid functions within the body, and to solve this problem one needs to differentiate and characterize individual nano-protein conjugates. In this paper, the authors applied capillary electrophoresis combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection to study the behavior of gold nanoparticles of different geometry, size and surface functionalization upon interacting with serum proteins and their mixtures. Due to high-resolution and -sensitivity benefits of this combined technique baseline separations were attained for free nanoparticles (at real-life doses) and different protein conjugates, and the conversion into the protein-bound form was scrutinized in terms of reaction time.
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67
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Bonvin D, Aschauer U, Alexander DTL, Chiappe D, Moniatte M, Hofmann H, Mionić Ebersold M. Protein Corona: Impact of Lymph Versus Blood in a Complex In Vitro Environment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1700409. [PMID: 28582610 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201700409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In biological environments, the surface of nanoparticles (NPs) are modified by protein corona (PC) that determines their biological behavior. Unfortunately, in vitro tests still give different PC than in vivo tests causing in vitro-in vivo discrepancy; hence, in vitro studies are not indicative for the NPs' behavior in vivo. Here is demonstrated that PC in vitro is strongly influenced by the type of extracellular fluid (ECF), blood or lymph, by their high and low flow conditions and transitions between ECFs, and a combination of these parameters. As a result, this in vitro study approaches fluidic and dynamic variations to which NPs are exposed in vivo: different ECF that NPs encounter first in different injection routes, different transitions in-between ECFs during circulation, and simultaneous change in the exposed flow in these transitions. The most-abundant proteins in PCs are found to be not the most abundant in ECFs, but those having high affinity for binding to the surface of NPs. Moreover, some proteins are differently abundant in PCs at different flows, which indicate force-promoted binding, catch bonds. These results suggest that future in vitro studies should consider more complex incubation conditions to improve the in vitro-in vivo consistency necessary for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Bonvin
- Powder Technology Laboratory, Institute of Materials, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL STI IMX LTP, Station 12, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Aschauer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, N431, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Duncan T L Alexander
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Electron Microscopy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB CIME-GE, Station 12, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Diego Chiappe
- Proteomics Core Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SV PTECH PTP, Station 15, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Moniatte
- Proteomics Core Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SV PTECH PTP, Station 15, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Hofmann
- Powder Technology Laboratory, Institute of Materials, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL STI IMX LTP, Station 12, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marijana Mionić Ebersold
- Powder Technology Laboratory, Institute of Materials, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL STI IMX LTP, Station 12, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center of Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
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68
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Yin MM, Dong P, Chen WQ, Xu SP, Yang LY, Jiang FL, Liu Y. Thermodynamics and Mechanisms of the Interactions between Ultrasmall Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters and Human Serum Albumin, γ-Globulins, and Transferrin: A Spectroscopic Approach. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:5108-5116. [PMID: 28489408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Noble metal nanoclusters (NCs) show great promise as nanoprobes for bioanalysis and cellular imaging in biological applications due to ultrasmall size, good photophysical properties, and excellent biocompatibility. In order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of possible biological implications, a series of spectroscopic measurements were conducted under different temperatures to investigate the interactions of Au NCs (∼1.7 nm) with three model plasmatic proteins (human serum albumin (HSA), γ-globulins, and transferrin). It was found that the fluorescence quenching of HSA and γ-globulins triggered by Au NCs was due to dynamic quenching mechanism, while the fluorescence quenching of transferrin by Au NCs was a result of the formation of a Au NC-transferrin complex. The apparent association constants of the Au NCs bound to HSA, γ-globulins, and transferrin demonstrated no obvious difference. Thermodynamic studies demonstrated that the interaction between Au NCs and HSA (or γ-globulins) was driven by hydrophobic forces, while the electrostatic interactions played predominant roles in the adsorption process for transferrin. Furthermore, it was proven that Au NCs had no obvious interference in the secondary structures of these three kinds of proteins. In turn, these three proteins had a minor effect on the fluorescence intensity of Au NCs, which made fluorescent Au NCs promising in biological applications owing to their chemical and photophysical stability. In addition, by comparing the interactions of small molecules, Au NCs, and large nanomaterials with serum albumin, it was found that the binding constants were gradually increased with the increase of particle size. This work has elucidated the interaction mechanisms between nanoclusters and proteins, and shed light on a new interaction mode different from the protein corona on the surface of nanoparticles, which will highly contribute to the better design and applications of fluorescent nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Yun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University , Nanning 530001, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Lei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University , Nanning 530001, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
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69
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Carrillo-Carrion C, Carril M, Parak WJ. Techniques for the experimental investigation of the protein corona. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 46:106-113. [PMID: 28301820 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to its enormous relevance the corona formation of adsorbed proteins around nanoparticles is widely investigated. A comparison of different experimental techniques is given. Direct measurements of proteins, such as typically performed with mass spectrometry, will be compared with indirect analysis, in which instead information about the protein corona is gathered from changes in the properties of the nanoparticles. The type of measurement determines also whether before analysis purification from unbound excess proteins is necessary, which may change the equilibrium, or if measurements can be performed in situ without required purification. Pros and contras of the different methods will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Carril
- CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastian, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastian, Spain; Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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70
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Shang L, Nienhaus GU. In Situ Characterization of Protein Adsorption onto Nanoparticles by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:387-395. [PMID: 28145686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology holds great promise for applications in many fields including biology and medicine. Unfortunately, the processes occurring at the interface between nanomaterials and living systems are exceedingly complex and not yet well understood, which has significantly hampered the realization of many nanobiotechnology applications. Whenever nanoparticles (NPs) are incorporated by a living organism, a protein adsorption layer, also known as the "protein corona", forms on the NP surface. Accordingly, living organisms interact with protein-coated rather than bare NPs, and their biological responses depend on the nature of the protein corona. In recent years, a wide variety of biophysical techniques have been employed to elucidate mechanistic aspects of NP-protein interactions. In most studies, NPs are immersed in protein or biofluid (e.g., blood serum) solutions and then separated from the liquid for analysis. Because this approach may modify the composition and structure of the protein corona, our group has pioneered the use of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) as an in situ technique, capable of examining NP-protein interactions while the NPs are suspended in biological fluids. FCS allows us to measure, with subnanometer precision and as a function of protein concentration, the increase in hydrodynamic radius of the NPs due to protein adsorption. This Account aims at reviewing recent progress in the exploration of NP-protein interactions by using FCS. In vitro FCS studies of the adsorption of important serum proteins onto water-solubilized luminescent NPs always showed a stepwise increase of the NP radius upon protein binding in the form of a binding isotherm, regardless of the type of NP and its specific surface functionalization. This observation indicates formation of a protein monolayer on the NP. Structure-based calculations of protein surface potentials revealed that positively charged patches on the proteins interact electrostatically with negatively charged NP surfaces, and the observed protein layer thickness always matched the known molecular dimensions of the proteins binding in certain orientations. Temperature and NP surface functionalization have also been identified as important parameters controlling protein corona formation. Notably, while the corona formed from a single type of serum protein was reversible, protein adsorption from complex biological media such as blood serum was entirely irreversible. These quantitative in vitro studies are of great relevance to the bio-nano community and especially to researchers developing engineered nanomaterials for biological and biomedical applications. Future efforts will be directed toward elucidating kinetic aspects of protein corona formation and the detailed structure of the adsorbed proteins at the molecular level. To better appreciate the biological responses triggered by NP exposure, more efforts will be devoted to the exploration of the biomolecular corona as it forms on NPs in contact with living cells, tissues, and even entire model organisms. These studies are challenging when performed in a well-controlled and quantitative fashion and rely on the availability of sophisticated analytical tools, particularly, quantitative optical imaging techniques including FCS and related fluctuation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shang
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Center
for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - G. Ulrich Nienhaus
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute
of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Department
of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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