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Li W, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Li C, He Z, Choy WCH, Low PJ, Sonar P, Kyaw AKK. Biodegradable Materials and Green Processing for Green Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001591. [PMID: 32584502 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is little question that the "electronic revolution" of the 20th century has impacted almost every aspect of human life. However, the emergence of solid-state electronics as a ubiquitous feature of an advanced modern society is posing new challenges such as the management of electronic waste (e-waste) that will remain through the 21st century. In addition to developing strategies to manage such e-waste, further challenges can be identified concerning the conservation and recycling of scarce elements, reducing the use of toxic materials and solvents in electronics processing, and lowering energy usage during fabrication methods. In response to these issues, the construction of electronic devices from renewable or biodegradable materials that decompose to harmless by-products is becoming a topic of great interest. Such "green" electronic devices need to be fabricated on industrial scale through low-energy and low-cost methods that involve low/non-toxic functional materials or solvents. This review highlights recent advances in the development of biodegradable materials and processing strategies for electronics with an emphasis on areas where green electronic devices show the greatest promise, including solar cells, organic field-effect transistors, light-emitting diodes, and other electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting, and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Yuniu Zhang
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting, and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chang'an Li
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting, and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhenfei He
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting, and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wallace C H Choy
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Paul J Low
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Prashant Sonar
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Aung Ko Ko Kyaw
- Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Quantum Dot Displays and Lighting, and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Liedel C. Sustainable Battery Materials from Biomass. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2110-2141. [PMID: 32212246 PMCID: PMC7318311 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201903577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable sources of energy have been identified as a possible way out of today's oil dependency and are being rapidly developed. In contrast, storage of energy to a large extent still relies on heavy metals in batteries. Especially when built from biomass-derived organics, organic batteries are promising alternatives and pave the way towards truly sustainable energy storage. First described in 2008, research on biomass-derived electrodes has been taken up by a multitude of researchers worldwide. Nowadays, in principle, electrodes in batteries could be composed of all kinds of carbonized and noncarbonized biomass: On one hand, all kinds of (waste) biomass may be carbonized and used in anodes of lithium- or sodium-ion batteries, cathodes in metal-sulfur or metal-oxygen batteries, or as conductive additives. On the other hand, a plethora of biomolecules, such as quinones, flavins, or carboxylates, contain redox-active groups that can be used as redox-active components in electrodes with very little chemical modification. Biomass-based binders can replace toxic halogenated commercial binders to enable a truly sustainable future of energy storage devices. Besides the electrodes, electrolytes and separators may also be synthesized from biomass. In this Review, recent research progress in this rapidly emerging field is summarized with a focus on potentially fully biowaste-derived batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Liedel
- Department Colloid ChemistryMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
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Huang X, Wang L, Wang H, Zhang B, Wang X, Stening RYZ, Sheng X, Yin L. Materials Strategies and Device Architectures of Emerging Power Supply Devices for Implantable Bioelectronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1902827. [PMID: 31513333 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Implantable bioelectronics represent an emerging technology that can be integrated into the human body for diagnostic and therapeutic functions. Power supply devices are an essential component of bioelectronics to ensure their robust performance. However, conventional power sources are usually bulky, rigid, and potentially contain hazardous constituent materials. The fact that biological organisms are soft, curvilinear, and have limited accommodation space poses new challenges for power supply systems to minimize the interface mismatch and still offer sufficient power to meet clinical-grade applications. Here, recent advances in state-of-the-art nonconventional power options for implantable electronics, specifically, miniaturized, flexible, or biodegradable power systems are reviewed. Material strategies and architectural design of a broad array of power devices are discussed, including energy storage systems (batteries and supercapacitors), power devices which harvest sources from the human body (biofuel cells, devices utilizing biopotentials, piezoelectric harvesters, triboelectric devices, and thermoelectric devices), and energy transfer devices which utilize sources in the surrounding environment (ultrasonic energy harvesters, inductive coupling/radiofrequency energy harvesters, and photovoltaic devices). Finally, future challenges and perspectives are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Liu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Huachun Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology and Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Bozhen Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xibo Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Rowena Y Z Stening
- Department of Materials Science, Trinity College, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13BH, UK
| | - Xing Sheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology and Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lan Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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Chen X, Ahn JH. Biodegradable and bioabsorbable sensors based on two-dimensional materials. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:1082-1092. [PMID: 31984403 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02519g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials, including graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), have attracted considerable attention for the last decade due to their unique electrical, optical and mechanical properties. Recently, as their unique characteristics of biocompatibility and biodegradation are known, research on applying them in diagnostic and therapeutic applications has received considerable attention. This review provides a broad overview of recent reports on the biocompatibility and biodegradability of 2D materials and highlights recent progress in biodegradable and bioabsorbable sensors for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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La Mattina AA, Mariani S, Barillaro G. Bioresorbable Materials on the Rise: From Electronic Components and Physical Sensors to In Vivo Monitoring Systems. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902872. [PMID: 32099766 PMCID: PMC7029671 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, scientists have dreamed about the development of a bioresorbable technology that exploits a new class of electrical, optical, and sensing components able to operate in physiological conditions for a prescribed time and then disappear, being made of materials that fully dissolve in vivo with biologically benign byproducts upon external stimulation. The final goal is to engineer these components into transient implantable systems that directly interact with organs, tissues, and biofluids in real-time, retrieve clinical parameters, and provide therapeutic actions tailored to the disease and patient clinical evolution, and then biodegrade without the need for device-retrieving surgery that may cause tissue lesion or infection. Here, the major results achieved in bioresorbable technology are critically reviewed, with a bottom-up approach that starts from a rational analysis of dissolution chemistry and kinetics, and biocompatibility of bioresorbable materials, then moves to in vivo performance and stability of electrical and optical bioresorbable components, and eventually focuses on the integration of such components into bioresorbable systems for clinically relevant applications. Finally, the technology readiness levels (TRLs) achieved for the different bioresorbable devices and systems are assessed, hence the open challenges are analyzed and future directions for advancing the technology are envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino A. La Mattina
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'InformazioneUniversità di PisaVia G. Caruso 1656122PisaItaly
| | - Stefano Mariani
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'InformazioneUniversità di PisaVia G. Caruso 1656122PisaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Barillaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'InformazioneUniversità di PisaVia G. Caruso 1656122PisaItaly
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Liu Z, Wen B, Cao L, Zhang S, Lei Y, Zhao G, Chen L, Wang J, Shi Y, Xu J, Pan X, Yu L. Photoelectric Cardiac Pacing by Flexible and Degradable Amorphous Si Radial Junction Stimulators. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901342. [PMID: 31794161 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Implanted pacemakers are usually bulky and rigid electronics that are constraint by limited battery lifetimes, and need to be installed and repaired via surgeries that risk secondary infection and injury. In this work, a flexible self-powered photoelectric cardiac stimulator is demonstrated based on hydrogenated amorphous Si (a-Si:H) radial p-i-n junctions (RJs), constructed upon standing Si nanowires grown directly on aluminum thin foils. The flexible RJ stimulators, with an open-circuit voltage of 0.67 V and short-circuit current density of 12.7 mA cm-2 under standard AM1.5G illumination, can be conformally attached to the uneven tissue surface to pace heart-beating under modulated 650 nm laser illumination. In vivo pacing evaluations on porcine hearts show that the heart rate can be effectively controlled by the external photoelectric stimulations, to increase from the normal rate of 101-128 beating min-1 . Importantly, the a-Si:H RJ units are highly biofriendly and biodegradable, with tunable lifetimes in phosphate-buffered saline environment controlled by surface coating and passivation, catering to the needs of short term or lasting cardiac pacing applications. This implantable a-Si:H RJ photoelectric stimulation strategy has the potential to establish eventually a self-powered, biocompatible, and conformable cardiac pacing technology for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongguang Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresSchool of Electronics Science and EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Bin Wen
- Department of Structural Heart DiseaseNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesFuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100037 P. R. China
| | - Luyao Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresSchool of Electronics Science and EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Shaobo Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresSchool of Electronics Science and EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Yakui Lei
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresSchool of Electronics Science and EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Guangzhi Zhao
- Department of Structural Heart DiseaseNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesFuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100037 P. R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Structural Heart DiseaseNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesFuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100037 P. R. China
| | - Junzhuan Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresSchool of Electronics Science and EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Yi Shi
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresSchool of Electronics Science and EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresSchool of Electronics Science and EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Xiangbin Pan
- Department of Structural Heart DiseaseNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseasesFuwai HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100037 P. R. China
| | - Linwei Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresSchool of Electronics Science and EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
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Hoare D, Bussooa A, Neale S, Mirzai N, Mercer J. The Future of Cardiovascular Stents: Bioresorbable and Integrated Biosensor Technology. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900856. [PMID: 31637160 PMCID: PMC6794628 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the greatest cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathology responsible for two thirds of these deaths. It is the age-dependent process of "furring of the arteries." In many scenarios the disease is caused by poor diet, high blood pressure, and genetic risk factors, and is exacerbated by obesity, diabetes, and sedentary lifestyle. Current pharmacological anti-atherosclerotic modalities still fail to control the disease and improvements in clinical interventions are urgently required. Blocked atherosclerotic arteries are routinely treated in hospitals with an expandable metal stent. However, stented vessels are often silently re-blocked by developing "in-stent restenosis," a wound response, in which the vessel's lumen renarrows by excess proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, termed hyperplasia. Herein, the current stent technology and the future of biosensing devices to overcome in-stent restenosis are reviewed. Second, with advances in nanofabrication, new sensing methods and how researchers are investigating ways to integrate biosensors within stents are highlighted. The future of implantable medical devices in the context of the emerging "Internet of Things" and how this will significantly influence future biosensor technology for future generations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hoare
- BHF Cardiovascular Research CentreUniversity of GlasgowG12 8TAGlasgowScotland
| | - Anubhav Bussooa
- BHF Cardiovascular Research CentreUniversity of GlasgowG12 8TAGlasgowScotland
| | - Steven Neale
- James Watt South BuildingSchool of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowG12 8QQGlasgowScotland
| | - Nosrat Mirzai
- Bioelectronics UnitCollege of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences (MVLS)University of GlasgowG12 8QQGlasgowScotland
| | - John Mercer
- BHF Cardiovascular Research CentreUniversity of GlasgowG12 8TAGlasgowScotland
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59
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Min
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical EngineeringDivision of Engineering and Applied ScienceCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Yiran Yang
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical EngineeringDivision of Engineering and Applied ScienceCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Zhiguang Wu
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical EngineeringDivision of Engineering and Applied ScienceCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical EngineeringDivision of Engineering and Applied ScienceCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
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Yang Q, Huang Z, Li X, Liu Z, Li H, Liang G, Wang D, Huang Q, Zhang S, Chen S, Zhi C. A Wholly Degradable, Rechargeable Zn-Ti 3C 2 MXene Capacitor with Superior Anti-Self-Discharge Function. ACS NANO 2019; 13:8275-8283. [PMID: 31244041 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Degradable energy storage systems (ESSs) have been proposed to tackle increasing e-wastes such as heavy metals and toxic organic electrolytes. However, currently reported degradable ESSs are scarce because it is very difficult to make all of the electrochemical components degradable as they must be stable for energy storage. Here, we designed an all-component degradable and rechargeable Zn-MXene capacitor with outstanding anti-self-discharge function using zinc nanosheets and Ti3C2 MXene as electrodes. The whole capacitor can retain ca. 82.5% of the capacitance after 1000 cycles and be totally degraded within 7.25 days, comprehensively surpassing the current degradable supercapacitors (120 days, 400 cycles) and batteries (19 days, 0-20 cycles). In addition, while supercapacitors are notorious for intensive self-discharge, the Zn-MXene capacitor demonstrated the lowest self-discharge rate of 6.4 mV h-1, better than all the previous supercapacitors with specifically designed anti-self-discharge components including electrodes (>300 mV h-1), electrolytes (12-50 mV h-1), and separators (20-400 mV h-1). This is illustrated by the as-proposed "static electricity-immune mechanism" which refers to breaking the electrostatic adsorption. This Zn-MXene capacitor represents a great advance in degradable rechargeable ESSs and provides a strategy to fundamentally overcome the self-discharge problem encountered by supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Hong Kong , SAR 999077 , China
| | - Zhaodong Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Hong Kong , SAR 999077 , China
| | - Xinliang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Hong Kong , SAR 999077 , China
| | - Zhuoxin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Hong Kong , SAR 999077 , China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Hong Kong , SAR 999077 , China
| | - Guojin Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Hong Kong , SAR 999077 , China
| | - Donghong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Hong Kong , SAR 999077 , China
| | - Qing Huang
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials , Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo , Zhejiang 315201 , China
| | - Suojiang Zhang
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Shimou Chen
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Chunyi Zhi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Hong Kong , SAR 999077 , China
- Shenzhen Research Institute , City University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen 518057 , China
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Cha GD, Kang D, Lee J, Kim D. Bioresorbable Electronic Implants: History, Materials, Fabrication, Devices, and Clinical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801660. [PMID: 30957984 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Medical implants, either passive implants for structural support or implantable devices with active electronics, have been widely used for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases and clinical issues. These implants offer various functions, including mechanical support of biological structures in orthopedic and dental applications, continuous electrophysiological monitoring and feedback of electrical stimulation in neuronal and cardiac applications, and controlled drug delivery while maintaining arterial structure in drug-eluting stents. Although these implants exhibit long-term biocompatibility, surgery for their retrieval is often required, which imposes physical, biological, and economical burdens on the patients. Therefore, as an alternative to such secondary surgeries, bioresorbable implants that disappear after a certain period of time inside the body, including bioresorbable active electronics, have been highlighted recently. This review first discusses the historical background of medical implants and briefly define related terminology. Representative examples of non-degradable medical implants for passive structural support and/or for diagnosis and therapy with active electronics are also provided. Then, recent progress in bioresorbable active implants composed of biosignal sensors, actuators for therapeutics, wireless power supply components, and their integrated systems are reviewed. Finally, clinical applications of these bioresorbable electronic implants are exemplified with brief conclusion and future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Doo Cha
- Center for Nanoparticle ResearchInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University (SNU) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dayoung Kang
- Center for Nanoparticle ResearchInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University (SNU) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jongha Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle ResearchInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University (SNU) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae‐Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle ResearchInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute of Chemical ProcessesSeoul National University (SNU) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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Li R, Wang L, Yin L. Materials and Devices for Biodegradable and Soft Biomedical Electronics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E2108. [PMID: 30373154 PMCID: PMC6267565 DOI: 10.3390/ma11112108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable and soft biomedical electronics that eliminate secondary surgery and ensure intimate contact with soft biological tissues of the human body are of growing interest, due to their emerging applications in high-quality healthcare monitoring and effective disease treatments. Recent systematic studies have significantly expanded the biodegradable electronic materials database, and various novel transient systems have been proposed. Biodegradable materials with soft properties and integration schemes of flexible or/and stretchable platforms will further advance electronic systems that match the properties of biological systems, providing an important step along the path towards clinical trials. This review focuses on recent progress and achievements in biodegradable and soft electronics for biomedical applications. The available biodegradable materials in their soft formats, the associated novel fabrication schemes, the device layouts, and the functionality of a variety of fully bioresorbable and soft devices, are reviewed. Finally, the key challenges and possible future directions of biodegradable and soft electronics are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfeng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Liu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Lan Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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