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Phenolic Profile Characterization of ‘Galega Vulgar’ and ‘Cobrançosa’ Portuguese Olive Cultivars along the Ripening Stages. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10113930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The phenolic composition of olive fruits represents a vast and unique source of health beneficial molecules due to the presence of specific phenolic compounds (PCs), such as verbascoside (VERB), oleuropein (OLE) and its derivative molecules. Despite of being some of the most critical compounds regarding olive oil quality, these PCs are mostly abundant in olive fruits and leafs due to their hydrophilic nature. In olives, the phenolic profile suffers a deep and constant change along fruit ripening being the phenolic alcohols, such as hydroxytyrosol (HT), mainly formed by OLE, and/or OLE aglycone molecules degradation. The present work aims to study the maturation evolution of olive fruits from two major traditional Portuguese cultivars, ‘Galega Vulgar’ and ‘Cobrançosa’, in regard to their specific phenolic profile, as well as caliber (C), moisture (H), fat content in dry matter (OPDW) and maturity index (MI). Results show that both cultivars present distinct phenolic profiles along their ripening, with ‘Galega Vulgar’ reaching a high MI and OPDW at a much earlier ripening stage (S3), in agreement with the moment when a maximum OLE accumulation was registered. On the other hand, ‘Cobrançosa’ cultivar reached its higher MI and OPDW at S6 (harvest period), coinciding also with high OLE concentrations. MI may be used as a prediction tool for ’Galega Vulgar’ optimal harvesting time evaluation, associated with higher OLE and VERB concentrations, which will confer an additional protection towards diseases, that normally affect olive orchards.
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Klikarová J, Česlová L, Kalendová P, Dugo P, Mondello L, Cacciola F. Evaluation of Italian extra virgin olive oils based on the phenolic compounds composition using multivariate statistical methods. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Di Rosa G, Brunetti G, Scuto M, Trovato Salinaro A, Calabrese EJ, Crea R, Schmitz-Linneweber C, Calabrese V, Saul N. Healthspan Enhancement by Olive Polyphenols in C. elegans Wild Type and Parkinson's Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3893. [PMID: 32486023 PMCID: PMC7312680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent late-age onset neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 1% of the population after the age of about 60 years old and 4% of those over 80 years old, causing motor impairments and cognitive dysfunction. Increasing evidence indicates that Mediterranean diet (MD) exerts beneficial effects in maintaining health, especially during ageing and by the prevention of neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, olive oil and its biophenolic constituents like hydroxytyrosol (HT) have received growing attention in the past years. Thus, in the current study we test the health-promoting effects of two hydroxytyrosol preparations, pure HT and Hidrox® (HD), which is hydroxytyrosol in its "natural" environment, in the established invertebrate model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. HD exposure led to much stronger beneficial locomotion effects in wild type worms compared to HT in the same concentration. Consistent to this finding, in OW13 worms, a PD-model characterized by α-synuclein expression in muscles, HD exhibited a significant higher effect on α-synuclein accumulation and swim performance than HT, an effect partly confirmed also in swim assays with the UA44 strain, which features α-synuclein expression in DA-neurons. Interestingly, beneficial effects of HD and HT treatment with similar strength were detected in the lifespan and autofluorescence of wild-type nematodes, in the neuronal health of UA44 worms as well as in the locomotion of rotenone-induced PD-model. Thus, the hypothesis that HD features higher healthspan-promoting abilities than HT was at least partly confirmed. Our study demonstrates that HD polyphenolic extract treatment has the potential to partly prevent or even treat ageing-related neurodegenerative diseases and ageing itself. Future investigations including mammalian models and human clinical trials are needed to uncover the full potential of these olive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.D.R.); (G.B.); (M.S.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Giovanni Brunetti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.D.R.); (G.B.); (M.S.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.D.R.); (G.B.); (M.S.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.D.R.); (G.B.); (M.S.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Edward J. Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - Roberto Crea
- Oliphenol LLC., 26225 Eden Landing Road, Unit C, Hayward, CA 94545, USA;
| | - Christian Schmitz-Linneweber
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biology, Molecular Genetics Group, Humboldt University of Berlin, Philippstr. 13, House 22, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (C.S.-L.); (N.S.)
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.D.R.); (G.B.); (M.S.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Nadine Saul
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biology, Molecular Genetics Group, Humboldt University of Berlin, Philippstr. 13, House 22, 10115 Berlin, Germany; (C.S.-L.); (N.S.)
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Franconi F, Campesi I, Romani A. Is Extra Virgin Olive Oil an Ally for Women's and Men's Cardiovascular Health? Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 2020:6719301. [PMID: 32454893 PMCID: PMC7212338 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6719301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases are long-lasting and slowly progressive and are the leading causes of death and disability. They include cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) that are rising worldwide, with CVD being the leading cause of death in developed countries. Thus, there is a need to find new preventive and therapeutic approaches. Polyphenols seem to have cardioprotective properties; among them, polyphenols and/or minor polar compounds of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) are attracting special interest. In consideration of numerous sex differences present in CVD and DM, in this narrative review, we applied "gender glasses." Globally, it emerges that olive oil and its derivatives exert some anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, modulate glucose metabolism, and ameliorate endothelial dysfunction. However, as in prescription drugs, also in this case there is an important gender bias because the majority of the preclinical studies are performed on male animals, and the sex of donors of cells is not often known; thus a sex/gender bias characterizes preclinical research. There are numerous clinical studies that seem to suggest the benefits of EVOO and its derivatives in CVD; however, these studies have numerous limitations, presenting also a considerable heterogeneity across the interventions. Among limitations, one of the most relevant in the era of personalized medicine, is the non-attention versus women that are few and, also when they are enrolled, sex analysis is lacking. Therefore, in our opinion, it is time to perform more long, extensive and lessheterogeneous trials enrolling both women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Franconi
- Laboratorio Nazionale sulla Farmacologia e Medicina di Genere, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture Biosistemi, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campesi
- Laboratorio Nazionale sulla Farmacologia e Medicina di Genere, Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture Biosistemi, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Romani
- Laboratorio PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement Technology and Analysis), DiSIA Università Degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Florence, Italy
- Laboratorio di Qualità Delle Merci e Affidabilità di Prodotto, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, 59100 Florence, Italy
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55
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Bouguellid G, Russo C, Lavorgna M, Piscitelli C, Ayouni K, Wilson E, Kim HK, Verpoorte R, Choi YH, Kilani-Atmani D, Atmani D, Isidori M. Antimutagenic, antigenotoxic and antiproliferative activities of Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. leaves and stem bark extracts and their phytochemical composition. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230690. [PMID: 32298276 PMCID: PMC7161964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, chronic degenerative diseases such as certain types of cancers, are becoming an evident issue. DNA damage has been for long recognized as a causal factor for cancer development because mutations or chromosomal aberrations affect oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes leading cells to malignant transformation and to the subsequent cancerous growth. Medicinal plants are often used for the prevention or treatment of various diseases with great scientific interest. Among the medicinal plants distributed in the Mediterranean region, Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. has been used in traditional medicine for its remarkable curative properties. However, in spite of this popularity, little works have been performed on the activity so that further studies should be performed to investigate in depth the antimutagenic, antigenotoxic and antiproliferative activities of the plant. Thus, the present study was aimed to the evaluation of the potential antimutagenic, antigenotoxic and antiproliferative properties of leaves and stem bark extracts of this well-known tree. Antimutagenic activity was evaluated by Salmonella mutagenicity assay in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains. The antigenotoxic potential was assessed by umu test in the strain of S. typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002. Antiproliferative activity was studied on human hepatoblastoma (HepG-2) and on breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines by MTT assay. Furthermore, the antiproliferative activity observed on cancer cells was compared with that on the human normal-like fibroblasts (TelCOFS02MA) and the selectivity index was calculated to understand if extracts were able to exert selective toxicity towards cancer cells. Moreover, phenolic compounds are plant substances with a large spectrum of biochemical activities with antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects. Based on the strong evidence of biological activities of phenolic compounds, the study was focused on the determination of total phenolics and flavonoids contents, and the phytochemical composition of the extracts assessed by LC/MS. The ethanol extracts of both leaves and stem barks showed significant from moderate to strong antimutagenic and antigenotoxic effects. In addition, selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells was shown by ethanolic leaves extract and aqueous/chloroform leaves and stem bark extracts. The latter showed high levels of total phenolic contents among all the other extracts. Identified phenylethanoids (calceolariosides, verbascoside) and secoiridoids (oleuropein and ligstroside) could be responsible for the demonstrated broad spectrum of healthy properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghania Bouguellid
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Chiara Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Margherita Lavorgna
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Concetta Piscitelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Karima Ayouni
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Erica Wilson
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hye Kyonn Kim
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Verpoorte
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Young Hae Choi
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dina Kilani-Atmani
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Djebbar Atmani
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Marina Isidori
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
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Nediani C, Giovannelli L. Oxidative Stress and Inflammation as Targets for Novel Preventive and Therapeutic Approches in Non Communicable Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040290. [PMID: 32244285 PMCID: PMC7222209 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As recently reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) has been rising over the last century representing the main cause of death and disability for the general population regardless of age, region, or gender [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Nediani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
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Visioli F, Davalos A, López de las Hazas M, Crespo MC, Tomé‐Carneiro J. An overview of the pharmacology of olive oil and its active ingredients. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1316-1330. [PMID: 31270815 PMCID: PMC7056466 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to providing sensory stimuli, usually taste, smell and sight, olive oil contains a range of minor components, mostly phenolic in nature. These components are endowed with pharmacological or pharma‐nutritional properties that are the subject of active research worldwide. Based on our more than 25 years of experience in this field, we critically focus on what we believe are the most pharmacologically prominent actions of the constituents of olive oil. Most of the effects are due to the phenolic compounds in extra virgin olive oil, such as hydroxytyrosol and oleocanthal (which are often mis‐categorized as in vivo antioxidants) and concern the cardiovascular system. Other potentially beneficial activities are still to be investigated in depth. We conclude that—in the context of a proper diet that includes high‐quality products—the use of high‐quality olive oil contributes to achieving and sustaining overall health.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional FoodsInstituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSICMadridSpain
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Alberto Davalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid MetabolismInstituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSICMadridSpain
| | - María‐Carmen López de las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid MetabolismInstituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSICMadridSpain
| | - María Carmen Crespo
- Laboratory of Functional FoodsInstituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSICMadridSpain
| | - Joao Tomé‐Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional FoodsInstituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)‐Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSICMadridSpain
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Purified oleocanthal and ligstroside protect against mitochondrial dysfunction in models of early Alzheimer's disease and brain ageing. Exp Neurol 2020; 328:113248. [PMID: 32084452 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As components of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) olive polyphenols may play a crucial role for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in both, brain ageing and early AD, effects of 10 different purified phenolic secoiridoids (hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleacein, oleuroside, oleuroside aglycon, oleuropein, oleocanthal, ligstroside, ligstroside aglycone and ligustaloside B) and two metabolites (the plant metabolite elenolic acid and the mammalian metabolite homovanillic acid) were tested in very low doses on mitochondrial function in SH-SY5Y-APP695 cells - a cellular model of early AD. All tested secoiridoids significantly increased basal adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in SY5Y-APP695 cells. Oleacein, oleuroside, oleocanthal and ligstroside showed the highest effect on ATP levels and were additionally tested on mitochondrial respiration. Only oleocanthal and ligstroside were able to enhance the capacity of respiratory chain complexes. To investigate their underlying molecular mechanisms, the expression of genes associated with mitochondrial biogenesis, respiration and antioxidative capacity (PGC-1α, SIRT1, CREB1, NRF1, TFAM, complex I, IV and V, GPx1, SOD2, CAT) were determined using qRT-PCR. Exclusively ligstroside increased mRNA expression of SIRT1, CREB1, complex I, and GPx1. Furthermore, oleocanthal but not ligstroside decreased Aβ 1-40 levels in SH-SY5Y-APP695 cells. To investigate the in vivo effects of purified secoiridoids, the two most promising compounds (oleocanthal and ligstroside) were tested in a mouse model of ageing. Female NMRI mice, aged 12 months, received a diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg oleocanthal or ligstroside for 6 months (equivalent to 6.25 mg/kg b.w.). Young (3 months) and aged (18 months) mice served as controls. Ligstroside fed mice showed improved spatial working memory. Furthermore, ligstroside restored brain ATP levels in aged mice and led to a significant life extension compared to aged control animals. Our findings indicate that purified ligstroside has outstanding performance on mitochondrial bioenergetics in models of early AD and brain ageing by mechanisms that may not interfere with Aβ production. Additionally, ligstroside expanded the lifespan in aged mice and enhanced cognitive function.
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Potential Protective Role Exerted by Secoiridoids from Olea europaea L. in Cancer, Cardiovascular, Neurodegenerative, Aging-Related, and Immunoinflammatory Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020149. [PMID: 32050687 PMCID: PMC7070598 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iridoids, which have beneficial health properties, include a wide group of cyclopentane [c] pyran monoterpenoids present in plants and insects. The cleavage of the cyclopentane ring leads to secoiridoids. Mainly, secoiridoids have shown a variety of pharmacological effects including anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, and anti-obesity, which increase the interest of studying these types of bioactive compounds in depth. Secoiridoids are thoroughly distributed in several families of plants such as Oleaceae, Valerianaceae, Gentianaceae and Pedialaceae, among others. Specifically, Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) is rich in oleuropein (OL), dimethyl-OL, and ligstroside secoiridoids, and their hydrolysis derivatives are mostly OL-aglycone, oleocanthal (OLE), oleacein (OLA), elenolate, oleoside-11-methyl ester, elenoic acid, hydroxytyrosol (HTy), and tyrosol (Ty). These compounds have proved their efficacy in the management of diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and viral and microbial infections. Particularly, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties of secoiridoids from the olive tree (Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae)) have been suggested as a potential application in a large number of inflammatory and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated diseases. Thus, the purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances in the protective role of secoiridoids derived from the olive tree (preclinical studies and clinical trials) in diseases with an important pathogenic contribution of oxidative and peroxidative stress and damage, focusing on their plausible mechanisms of the action involved.
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Romana-Souza B, Saguie BO, Pereira de Almeida Nogueira N, Paes M, Dos Santos Valença S, Atella GC, Monte-Alto-Costa A. Oleic acid and hydroxytyrosol present in olive oil promote ROS and inflammatory response in normal cultures of murine dermal fibroblasts through the NF-κB and NRF2 pathways. Food Res Int 2020; 131:108984. [PMID: 32247459 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.108984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have evaluated the effects of olive oil on normal tissues like skin and its components. Hence, we investigated whether olive oil could increase the production of ROS and oxidative damage in murine dermal fibroblast cultures in a short-term exposition. In addition, we evaluated the role of oleic acid and hydroxytyrosol, which are the two most important components of olive oil, in the associated mechanisms of action, and the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids from olive oil. To study this, neonatal murine dermal fibroblasts (NMDF) were incubated with olive oil, oleic acid, or hydroxytyrosol for 24 or 72 h. The NMDF incubated with olive oil or oleic acid showed an increase in the production of ROS after 24 h, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation after 72 h, as well as increased expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) after 72 h. However, NMDF treated with olive oil or hydroxytyrosol demonstrated an increase in the expression of nuclear factor-erythroid2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) after 72 h. In addition, NMDF treated with olive oil also showed an increase in the protein expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (DGAT1), which promotes triacylglycerol synthesis, and in the levels of triacylglycerols. The microscopic analysis showed Nile red-positive lipid droplets inside olive oil-treated NMDF after 72 h. Moreover, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry demonstrated high levels of oleic acid in the olive oil-treated NMDF after 72 h. In conclusion, oleic acid present in the olive oil promotes the production of ROS and oxidative damage in murine dermal fibroblasts, which leads to NF-κB p65 and COX-2 expression, while hydroxytyrosol promotes NRF2 and HO-1 expression. In addition, NMDF area capable of absorbing long-chain fatty acids derived from olive oil, which promotes the synthesis and the accumulation of triacylglycerols into cytoplasm of NMDF through DGAT1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Romana-Souza
- Tissue Repair Laboratory, Department of Histology and Embryology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Bianca Oliveira Saguie
- Tissue Repair Laboratory, Department of Histology and Embryology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Paes
- Laboratory of Trypanosomatids and Vectores Interection, Department of Biochemistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Georgia Correa Atella
- Laboratory of Lipid and Lipoprotein Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andréa Monte-Alto-Costa
- Tissue Repair Laboratory, Department of Histology and Embryology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Nediani C, Ruzzolini J, Romani A, Calorini L. Oleuropein, a Bioactive Compound from Olea europaea L., as a Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Agent in Non-Communicable Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E578. [PMID: 31766676 PMCID: PMC6943788 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing scientific literature data suggest that the intake of natural bioactive compounds plays a critical role in preventing or reducing the occurrence of human chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Oleuropein, the main phenolic component of Olea europaea L., has attracted scientific attention for its several health beneficial properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardio- and neuro-protective, and anti-cancer. This article is a narrative review focused on the current literature concerning the effect of oleuropein in NCDs, such as neuro- and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney diseases, and cancer, by its putative antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, but also for its other peculiar actions such as an autophagy inducer and amyloid fibril growth inhibitor and, finally, for its anti-cancer effect. Despite the increasing number of published studies, looking at the beneficial effects of oleuropein, there is limited clinical evidence focused on the benefits of this polyphenol as a nutraceutical product in humans, and many problems are still to be resolved about its bioavailability, bioaccessibility, and dosage. Thus, future clinical randomized trials are needed to establish the relation between the beneficial effects and the mechanisms of action occurring in the human body in response to the intake of oleuropein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Nediani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (J.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Jessica Ruzzolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (J.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Annalisa Romani
- PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement, Technology and Analysis)-DiSIA, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy;
| | - Lido Calorini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (J.R.); (L.C.)
- Istituto Toscano Tumori and Center of Excellence for Research, Transfer and High Education (DENOTHE), University of Florence, Piazza di San Marco 4, 50121 Florence, Italy
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Palazzi L, Leri M, Cesaro S, Stefani M, Bucciantini M, Polverino de Laureto P. Insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibition of α-synuclein aggregation by hydroxytyrosol. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 173:113722. [PMID: 31756328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the elderly people. To date, drugs able to reverse the disease are not available; the gold standard is levodopa that only relieves clinical symptoms, yet with severe side effects after prolonged administration. Many efforts are underway to find alternative targets for PD prevention or treatment, the most promising being α-synuclein (Syn). Recently, we reported that oleuropein aglycone (OleA) interferes with amyloid aggregation of Syn both stabilizing its monomeric state and inducing the formation of harmless, off-pathway oligomers. This study is focused at describing the interaction between Syn and hydroxytyrosol (HT), the phenolic moiety and main metabolite of OleA, and the interferences with Syn aggregation by using biophysical and biological techniques. Our results show that HT dose-dependently inhibits Syn aggregation and that covalent and non-covalent binding mediate HT-Syn interaction. HT does not modify the natively unfolded structure of Syn, rather, it stabilizes specific regions of the molecule leading to inhibition of protein fibrillation. Cellular assays showed that HT reduces the toxicity of Syn aggregates. Moreover, Syn aggregates interaction with the cell membrane, an important factor for prion-like properties of Syn on-pathway oligomers, was reduced in cells exposed to Syn aggregates grown in the presence of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Palazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Manuela Leri
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Firenze, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Firenze, Italy
| | - Samuele Cesaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Stefani
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Firenze, Italy
| | - Monica Bucciantini
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Firenze, Italy
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Trantas E, Navakoudis E, Pavlidis T, Nikou T, Halabalaki M, Skaltsounis L, Ververidis F. Dual pathway for metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli to produce the highly valuable hydroxytyrosol. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212243. [PMID: 31682615 PMCID: PMC6828502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most abundant phenolic compounds traced in olive tissues is hydroxytyrosol (HT), a molecule that has been attributed with a pile of beneficial effects, well documented by many epidemiological studies and thus adding value to products containing it. Strong antioxidant capacity and protection from cancer are only some of its exceptional features making it ideal as a potential supplement or preservative to be employed in the nutraceutical, agrochemical, cosmeceutical, and food industry. The HT biosynthetic pathway in plants (e.g. olive fruit tissues) is not well apprehended yet. In this contribution we employed a metabolic engineering strategy by constructing a dual pathway introduced in Escherichia coli and proofing its significant functionality leading it to produce HT. Our primary target was to investigate whether such a metabolic engineering approach could benefit the metabolic flow of tyrosine introduced to the conceived dual pathway, leading to the maximalization of the HT productivity. Various gene combinations derived from plants or bacteria were used to form a newly inspired, artificial biosynthetic dual pathway managing to redirect the carbon flow towards the production of HT directly from glucose. Various biosynthetic bottlenecks faced due to feaB gene function, resolved through the overexpression of a functional aldehyde reductase. Currently, we have achieved equimolar concentration of HT to tyrosine as precursor when overproduced straight from glucose, reaching the level of 1.76 mM (270.8 mg/L) analyzed by LC-HRMS. This work realizes the existing bottlenecks of the metabolic engineering process that was dependent on the utilized host strain, growth medium as well as to other factors studied in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Trantas
- Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology Group, Laboratory of Biological and Biotechnological Applications, Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece
- * E-mail: (FV); (ET)
| | - Eleni Navakoudis
- Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology Group, Laboratory of Biological and Biotechnological Applications, Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Theofilos Pavlidis
- Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology Group, Laboratory of Biological and Biotechnological Applications, Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Theodora Nikou
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Leandros Skaltsounis
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Filippos Ververidis
- Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology Group, Laboratory of Biological and Biotechnological Applications, Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece
- * E-mail: (FV); (ET)
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Basheer L, Dag A, Yermiyahu U, Ben-Gal A, Zipori I, Kerem Z. Effects of reclaimed wastewater irrigation and fertigation level on olive oil composition and quality. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:6342-6349. [PMID: 31271222 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irrigation of olives increases fruit and oil yields. Due to scarcity of freshwater, low-quality water including recycled wastewater (RWW) is utilized in orchards. Here, effects of irrigation with RWW and of fertilization on the composition and quality of olive oil were studied. RESULTS Long-term RWW irrigation of 'Barnea' and 'Leccino' olive had no significant negative effects on either oil composition or quality parameters, including free fatty acids (FFAs), peroxide value (PV), total phenolics content (TPC), fatty acid profiles and organoleptic characteristics. The average FFA contents for both cultivars were less than 0.8% during most of the experimental period, except the seasons 2009 and 2012-2013 for Barnea where the values were raised up to 1.4%. The measured PV levels were less than 9 and 5 mmol O2 kg-1 oil for Barnea and Leccino, respectively. In the last season of the experiment for each cultivar, higher TPC were observed in oils obtained from RWW irrigation with reduced fertilization (Re-) as compared to the treatments with the recommended fertilization [freshwater irrigation (Fr) and RWW irrigation (Re+) with standard dose of fertilizers], where the TPC increment exceeded 70% in Barnea and 25% in Leccino. The treatments had only minor effects on the fatty acid profile, reflected in slightly altered levels of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids. CONCLUSION The use of RWW, combined with the consideration of nutrients arriving with such water to provide appropriate fertilization, was found suitable for olive irrigation to ensure optimal yields while preserving oil quality. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loai Basheer
- Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Arnon Dag
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat, Israel
| | - Uri Yermiyahu
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat, Israel
| | - Alon Ben-Gal
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat, Israel
| | - Isaac Zipori
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat, Israel
| | - Zohar Kerem
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Schanuel FS, Saguie BO, Monte-Alto-Costa A. Olive oil promotes wound healing of mice pressure injuries through NOS-2 and Nrf2. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:1199-1208. [PMID: 30901524 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The pressure injury environment is characterized by overproduction of reactive oxygen species and exacerbated inflammation, which impair the healing of these lesions. Mediterranean-like diet may be a good intervention to improve the healing of pressure injury owing to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant components. Thus, this study evaluated the hypothesis that olive oil, as a main source of lipid in Mediterranean diet, could improve cutaneous wound healing of pressure injury in mice. Male Swiss mice were randomly divided into standard, olive oil, or soybean oil plus olive oil groups and fat represented 10% of total calories in all groups. Four weeks after the beginning of diet administration, 2 cycles of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) by external application of 2 magnets disks were performed in the dorsal skin to induce pressure injury formation. Fourteen days after the end of the second IR cycle, olive oil-based diet reduced neutrophils cells and cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression and increased nitric oxide synthase-2 and protein and lipid oxidation. Olive oil based-diet also increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 protein expression and collagen type I precursor protein expression. In addition, administration of olive oil-based diet promoted wound closure at 7, 10, and 14 days after the end of the second IR cycle. These findings support the hypothesis that olive oil-based diet improves cutaneous wound healing of pressure injury in mice through the reduction of inflammation and stimulation of redox equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Seabra Schanuel
- Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Histology and Embryology Department - Tissue Repair Laboratory, Av. Marechal Rondon, 381/HLA, RJ 20950-003, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Histology and Embryology Department - Tissue Repair Laboratory, Av. Marechal Rondon, 381/HLA, RJ 20950-003, Brazil
| | - Bianca Oliveira Saguie
- Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Histology and Embryology Department - Tissue Repair Laboratory, Av. Marechal Rondon, 381/HLA, RJ 20950-003, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Histology and Embryology Department - Tissue Repair Laboratory, Av. Marechal Rondon, 381/HLA, RJ 20950-003, Brazil
| | - Andréa Monte-Alto-Costa
- Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Histology and Embryology Department - Tissue Repair Laboratory, Av. Marechal Rondon, 381/HLA, RJ 20950-003, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Histology and Embryology Department - Tissue Repair Laboratory, Av. Marechal Rondon, 381/HLA, RJ 20950-003, Brazil
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Polyphenols in human nutrition: from the in vitro antioxidant capacity to the beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health and related inter-individual variability - an overview and perspective. Br J Nutr 2019; 123:241-254. [PMID: 31658907 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519002733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative damage of cells and tissues is broadly implicated in human pathophysiology, including cardiometabolic diseases. Polyphenols, as important constituents of the human diet and potent in vitro free radical scavengers, have been extensively studied for their beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health. However, it has been demonstrated that the in vivo antioxidant activity of polyphenols is distinct from their in vitro free radical-scavenging capacity. Indeed, bioavailability of nutritional polyphenols is low and conditioned by complex mechanisms of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. Nowadays, it is commonly accepted that the cellular antioxidant activity of polyphenols is mainly carried out via modification of transcription of genes involved in antioxidant defence. Importantly, polyphenols also contribute to cardiometabolic health by modulation of a plethora of cellular processes that are not directly associated with antioxidant enzymes, through nutri(epi)genomic mechanisms. Numerous human intervention studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of polyphenols on the key cardiometabolic risk factors. However, inconsistency of the results of some studies led to identification of the inter-individual variability in response to consumption of polyphenols. In perspective, a detailed investigation of the determinants of this inter-individual variability will potentially lead us towards personalised dietary recommendations. The phenomenon of inter-individual variability is also of relevance for supplementation with antioxidant (pro)vitamins.
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67
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Poljšak N, Kreft S, Kočevar Glavač N. Vegetable butters and oils in skin wound healing: Scientific evidence for new opportunities in dermatology. Phytother Res 2019; 34:254-269. [PMID: 31657094 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of vegetable butters and oils shows promising results in the treatment of skin wounds, as they have an effective impact on the phases of the wound-healing process through their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative activities and by promoting cell proliferation, increasing collagen synthesis, stimulating dermal reconstruction, and repairing the skin's lipid barrier function. In this article, in vitro and in vivo studies of argan (Argania spinosa), avocado (Persea americana), black cumin (Nigella sativa), calophyllum (Calophyllum inophyllum), coconut (Cocos nucifera), cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), grape (Vitis vinifera), green coffee (Coffea arabica), lentisk (Pistacia lentiscus), linseed (Linum usitatissimum), lucuma (Pouteria lucuma), mango (Mangifera indica), olive (Olea europaea), pomegranate (Punica granatum), pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo), rapeseed (Brassica napus), sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) oils were reviewed. In many cases, vegetable oils proved to be more effective than synthetic wound-healing compounds used as controls. The fatty-acid components of vegetable oils are assumed to play a major role in the wound-healing process, in particular polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid. Evidence shows that oils with a higher linoleic to oleic acid ratio are more effective for lipid barrier repair. However, in depth studies are needed to gain knowledge about vegetable oils' effects on the skin and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Poljšak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Samo Kreft
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Ramírez-Expósito MJ, Mayas MD, Carrera-González MP, Martínez-Martos JM. Gender Differences in the Antioxidant Response to Oxidative Stress in Experimental Brain Tumors. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2019; 19:641-654. [DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666181018162549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background:Brain tumorigenesis is related to oxidative stress and a decreased response of antioxidant defense systems. As it is well known that gender differences exist in the incidence and survival rates of brain tumors, it is important to recognize and understand the ways in which their biology can differ.Objective:To analyze gender differences in redox status in animals with chemically-induced brain tumors.Methods:Oxidative stress parameters, non-enzyme and enzyme antioxidant defense systems are assayed in animals with brain tumors induced by transplacental N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) administration. Both tissue and plasma were analyzed to know if key changes in redox imbalance involved in brain tumor development were reflected systemically and could be used as biomarkers of the disease.Results:Several oxidative stress parameters were modified in tumor tissue of male and female animals, changes that were not reflected at plasma level. Regarding antioxidant defense system, only glutathione (GSH) levels were decreased in both brain tumor tissue and plasma. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were decreased in brain tumor tissue of male and female animals, but plasma levels were only altered in male animals. However, different protein and mRNA expression patterns were found for both enzymes. On the contrary, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity showed increased levels in brain tumor tissue without gender differences, being protein and gene expression also increased in both males and female animals. However, these changes in GPx were not reflected at plasma level.Conclusion:We conclude that brain tumorigenesis was related to oxidative stress and changes in brain enzyme and non-enzyme antioxidant defense systems with gender differences, whereas plasma did not reflect the main redox changes that occur at the brain level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Dolores Mayas
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain
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Abenavoli L, Milanović M, Milić N, Luzza F, Giuffrè AM. Olive oil antioxidants and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:739-749. [PMID: 31215262 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1634544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is estimated to affect 25% of adult people worldwide. Nowadays, there is no definite treatment for NAFLD. International guidelines define an approach based on lifestyle changes, included a health alimentary regimen. The Mediterranean diet (MD) represents the gold standard in preventive medicine, probably due to the harmonic combination of many elements with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Its prescription is also recommended in patients with NAFLD. Olive oil, as part of MD, is associated with benefits on human health especially regarding the cardiovascular system, obesity, diabetes and related metabolic disorders. Areas covered: An overview of the beneficial effects of olive oil in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD is given. Expert opinion: A large body of evidence emphasizes that olive oil, used as primary source of fat in MD, may play a crucial role in the health benefits of NAFLD patients. However, there are still scarce clinical data that evaluate the direct effect of olive oil in human with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Abenavoli
- a Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Maja Milanović
- b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad , Serbia
| | - Nataša Milić
- b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad , Serbia
| | - Francesco Luzza
- a Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Angelo Maria Giuffrè
- c Department of Agricultural, University "Mediterranea" , Reggio, Calabria , Italy
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Karković Marković A, Torić J, Barbarić M, Jakobušić Brala C. Hydroxytyrosol, Tyrosol and Derivatives and Their Potential Effects on Human Health. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24102001. [PMID: 31137753 PMCID: PMC6571782 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet and olive oil as its quintessential part are almost synonymous with a healthy way of eating and living nowadays. This kind of diet has been highly appreciated and is widely recognized for being associated with many favorable effects, such as reduced incidence of different chronic diseases and prolonged longevity. Although olive oil polyphenols present a minor fraction in the composition of olive oil, they seem to be of great importance when it comes to the health benefits, and interest in their biological and potential therapeutic effects is huge. There is a growing body of in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as intervention-based clinical trials, revealing new aspects of already known and many new, previously unknown activities and health effects of these compounds. This review summarizes recent findings regarding biological activities, metabolism and bioavailability of the major olive oil phenolic compounds—hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleuropein, oleocanthal and oleacein—the most important being their antiatherogenic, cardioprotective, anticancer, neuroprotective and endocrine effects. The evidence presented in the review concludes that these phenolic compounds have great pharmacological potential, however, further studies are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karković Marković
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A.Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Jelena Torić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A.Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Monika Barbarić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A.Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Cvijeta Jakobušić Brala
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A.Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Pourmirzaee Sheikhali Kelayeh T, Abedinzade M, Ghorbani A. A review on biological effects of Lamium album (white dead nettle) and its components. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/jhp.2019.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamium album, commonly known as white dead nettle, is a plant in the family of Lamiaceae. This plant is distributed all over Asia, Europe, and Africa. In the traditional medicine of Asia, it has been used for the treatment of a number of diseases such as trauma, fracture, paralysis, leucorrhoea, hypertension women’s pain, uterine hemorrhage, menorrhagia, vaginal and cervical inflammation. In recent years, L. album has been the subject of intensive experimental studies to evaluate its traditional use to reveal new biological properties. A wide range of pharmacological effects, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antidiabetic properties have been reported by these studies. This review presents an up-to-date overview of the current literature on the pharmacological and physiological effects of L. album. Also, phytochemical constituents responsible for the biological properties of L. album are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmood Abedinzade
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Abstract
Olive trees (Olea europaea) and their processed products, such as olive oil, play a major role in the Mediterranean way of life. Their positive impact on human health is being intensely investigated. One research topic is the identification of new application areas of olive mill wastewater (OMWW). OMWW is characterized by the high content of polyphenols possessing many positive health effects. Thus, the phenol-enriched OMWW extract offers the potential for the treatment of skin disorders and for cosmetic application. The aim of the present study was to evaluate cell viability and proliferation, the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties of a phenol-enriched OMWW extract on an immortal keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells). Moreover, the influence on the growth of various microorganisms was investigated; furthermore, the effects on normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) and human melanoma cells (A375) were studied in a commercially available tumor invasion skin model. The phenol-enriched OMWW extract showed excellent antimicrobial activity. Moreover, a noticeable reduction in reactive oxygen species formation as well as Interleukin-8 release in HaCaT cells were observed. Finally, the inhibited growth of A375 melanoma nodules in the melanoma skin model could be shown. Our results indicate that the OMWW extract is a promising ingredient for dermal applications to improve skin health and skin protection as well as having a positive impact on skin ageing.
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Fei P, Xu Y, Zhao S, Gong S, Guo L. Olive oil polyphenol extract inhibits vegetative cells of Bacillus cereus isolated from raw milk. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:3894-3902. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Tufariello M, Anglana C, Crupi P, Virtuosi I, Fiume P, Di Terlizzi B, Moselhy N, Attay HA, Pati S, Logrieco AF, Mita G, Bleve G. Efficacy of yeast starters to drive and improve Picual, Manzanilla and Kalamàta table olive fermentation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:2504-2512. [PMID: 30379330 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Table olive fermentation is an unpredictable process and frequently performed using traditional practices often inadequate to obtain products with acceptable quality and safety standards. In the present study, the efficacy of selected yeast strains as starters to drive fermentations of green and black table olives by the Greek method was investigated. Pilot-scale production by spontaneous fermentation as a control, olives started with previously selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and fermentation driven by commercial S. cerevisiae baker's yeast strain were carried out for each of Manzanilla, Picual and Kalamàta table olive cultivars. RESULTS Time of fermentation was significantly shortened to 40 days to complete the transformation process for all three tested cultivars. Inoculated table olives were enhanced in their organoleptic and nutritional properties in comparison with corresponding samples obtained by spontaneous fermentation. The use of starters was also able to improve safety traits of table olives in terms of biogenic amine reduction as well as absence of undesired microorganisms at the end of the process. CONCLUSIONS Autochthonous, but also non-autochthonous, yeasts can be used to start and control table olive fermentations and can significantly improve quality and safety aspects of table olives produced by many smallholder farmers. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tufariello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Unità Operativa di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - Chiara Anglana
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Unità Operativa di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - Pasquale Crupi
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura - Centro di Ricerca Viticoltura ed Enologia, Turi (BA), Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sandra Pati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio F Logrieco
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mita
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Unità Operativa di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bleve
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Unità Operativa di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
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Romana‐Souza B, Monte‐Alto‐Costa A. Olive oil inhibits ageing signs induced by chronic stress in
ex vivo
human skin via inhibition of extracellular‐signal‐related kinase 1/2 and c‐
JUN
pathways. Int J Cosmet Sci 2019; 41:156-163. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Romana‐Souza
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair Department of Histology and Embryology State University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ 20950‐003 Brazil
| | - A. Monte‐Alto‐Costa
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair Department of Histology and Embryology State University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ 20950‐003 Brazil
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Romana-Souza B, Monte-Alto-Costa A. Olive oil reduces chronic psychological stress-induced skin aging in mice through the NF-κB and NRF2 pathways. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Celano M, Maggisano V, Lepore SM, Russo D, Bulotta S. Secoiridoids of olive and derivatives as potential coadjuvant drugs in cancer: A critical analysis of experimental studies. Pharmacol Res 2019; 142:77-86. [PMID: 30772463 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic secoiridoids from olive, including oleocanthal, oleuropein and related derivatives, are bioactive natural products with documented anticancer activities, that have mainly been attributed to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects. This review summarizes the results of the preclinical studies on the natural secoiridoids of olive used as single agents or in combination with other chemotherapeutics against cancer cells. The molecular targets of their action are described. A critical analysis of the importance of the experimental studies in view of the possible use in humans is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Celano
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Maggisano
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Massimo Lepore
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Diego Russo
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Bulotta
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Apigenin Protects the Brain against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Caveolin-1/VEGF In Vitro and In Vivo. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7017204. [PMID: 30622670 PMCID: PMC6304859 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7017204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Apigenin is a natural flavonoid found in several dietary plant foods as vegetables and fruits. To investigate potential anti-ischemia/reperfusion injury properties of apigenin in vitro, cell proliferation assay, tube formation, cell migration, apoptosis, and autophagy were performed in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs) after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). The effect of apigenin was also explored in rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) via neurobehavioral scores, pathological examination, and measurement of markers involved in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Data in vitro indicated that apigenin could prompt cell proliferation, tube formation, and cell migration while inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy by affecting Caveolin-1/VEGF, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, Beclin-1, and mTOR expression. Results in vivo showed that apigenin significantly reduced neurobehavioral scores and volume of cerebral infarction while prompting vascular endothelial cell proliferation by upregulating VEGFR2/CD34 double-labeling endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) number and affecting Caveolin-1, VEGF, and eNOS expression in brain tissue of MCAO/R rats. All the data suggested that apigenin may be protective for the brain against ischemia/reperfusion injury by alleviating apoptosis and autophagy, promoting cell proliferation in HBMVECs of OGD/R, and attenuating brain damage and improved neurological function in rats of MCAO/R through the Caveolin-1/VEGF pathway.
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79
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Can A, Ayvaz H, Pala ÇU, Condelli N, Galgano F, Tolve R. The potential of near and mid-infrared spectroscopy for rapid quantification of oleuropein, total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity in olive tree (Olea europaea) leaves. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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80
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Inclusion of hydroxytyrosol in ethyl cellulose microparticles: In vitro release studies under digestion conditions. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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81
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Avola R, Graziano ACE, Pannuzzo G, Bonina F, Cardile V. Hydroxytyrosol from olive fruits prevents blue-light-induced damage in human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9065-9076. [PMID: 30367495 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Skin aging is a complex biological process influenced by a combination of endogenous or intrinsic and exogenous or extrinsic factors due to environmental damage. The primary environmental factor that causes human skin aging is the ultraviolet irradiation from the sun. Recently, it was established that the long-term exposure to light-emitting-diode-generated blue light (LED-BL) from electronic devices seems to have a relevant implication in the molecular mechanisms of premature photoaging. BL irradiation induces changes in the synthesis of various skin structures through DNA damage and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -12, which are responsible for the loss of the main components of the extracellular matrix of skin like collagen type I and elastin. In the current study, using human keratinocytes and fibroblasts exposed to specific LED-BL radiation doses (45 and 15 J/cm 2 ), we produced an in vitro model of skin photoaging. We verified that, compared with untreated controls, the treatment with LED-BL irradiation results in the alteration of metalloprotease-1 (collagenase), metalloprotease-12 (elastase), 8-dihydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and collagen type I. Moreover, we showed that the photoaging prevention is possible via the use of hydroxytyrosol extracted from olive fruits, well known for antioxidant properties. Our results demonstrated that hydroxytyrosol protects keratinocytes and fibroblasts from LED-BL-induced damage. Thus, hydroxytyrosol might be proposed as an encouraging candidate for the prevention of BL-induced premature photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Avola
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science-Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, Catania, Italy
| | - Adriana Carol Eleonora Graziano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science-Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pannuzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science-Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Venera Cardile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science-Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, Catania, Italy
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82
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Bonvino NP, Liang J, McCord ED, Zafiris E, Benetti N, Ray NB, Hung A, Boskou D, Karagiannis TC. OliveNet™: a comprehensive library of compounds from Olea europaea. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2018; 2018:4851153. [PMID: 29688352 PMCID: PMC5808783 DOI: 10.1093/database/bay016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Accumulated epidemiological, clinical and experimental evidence has indicated the beneficial health effects of the Mediterranean diet, which is typified by the consumption of virgin olive oil (VOO) as a main source of dietary fat. At the cellular level, compounds derived from various olive (Olea europaea), matrices, have demonstrated potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which are thought to account, at least in part, for their biological effects. Research efforts are expanding into the characterization of compounds derived from Olea europaea, however, the considerable diversity and complexity of the vast array of chemical compounds have made their precise identification and quantification challenging. As such, only a relatively small subset of olive-derived compounds has been explored for their biological activity and potential health effects to date. Although there is adequate information describing the identification or isolation of olive-derived compounds, these are not easily searchable, especially when attempting to acquire chemical or biological properties. Therefore, we have created the OliveNet™ database containing a comprehensive catalogue of compounds identified from matrices of the olive, including the fruit, leaf and VOO, as well as in the wastewater and pomace accrued during oil production. From a total of 752 compounds, chemical analysis was sufficient for 676 individual compounds, which have been included in the database. The database is curated and comprehensively referenced containing information for the 676 compounds, which are divided into 13 main classes and 47 subclasses. Importantly, with respect to current research trends, the database includes 222 olive phenolics, which are divided into 13 subclasses. To our knowledge, OliveNet™ is currently the only curated open access database with a comprehensive collection of compounds associated with Olea europaea. Database URL: https://www.mccordresearch.com.au
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie P Bonvino
- Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Health Innovations Research Institute, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Julia Liang
- Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Health Innovations Research Institute, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, VIC 3001, Australia
| | | | - Elena Zafiris
- Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Natalia Benetti
- Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Hung
- Health Innovations Research Institute, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, VIC 3001, Australia
| | | | - Tom C Karagiannis
- Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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83
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Sogawa K, Kobayashi M, Suzuki J, Sanda A, Kodera Y, Fukuyama M. Inhibitory Activity of Hydroxytyrosol against Streptolysin O-Induced Hemolysis. Biocontrol Sci 2018; 23:77-80. [PMID: 29910212 DOI: 10.4265/bio.23.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Group A streptococcus is a bacterium that resides in the throat and skin and causes respiratory infection and occasionally glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever. Streptolysin O (SLO) produced by Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) binds to the cell membrane, particularly to that of white and red blood cells, and is toxic to the cells and tissue. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory activity of water-soluble polyphenols in olives (Olea europaea) against SLO-induced hemolysis. Hydroxytyrosol inhibited SLO-induced hemolytic activity, and the amount required for 50% inhibition of hemolysis was 1.30 µg. These findings suggest that the water-soluble polyphenols contained in olives have inhibitory activity against SLO-induced hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mika Kobayashi
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University
| | - Jun Suzuki
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University
| | - Akihiro Sanda
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University
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84
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Alkhatib A, Tsang C, Tuomilehto J. Olive Oil Nutraceuticals in the Prevention and Management of Diabetes: From Molecules to Lifestyle. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2024. [PMID: 30002281 PMCID: PMC6073199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle is the primary prevention of diabetes, especially type-2 diabetes (T2D). Nutritional intake of olive oil (OO), the key Mediterranean diet component has been associated with the prevention and management of many chronic diseases including T2D. Several OO bioactive compounds such as monounsaturated fatty acids, and key biophenols including hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein, have been associated with preventing inflammation and cytokine-induced oxidative damage, glucose lowering, reducing carbohydrate absorption, and increasing insulin sensitivity and related gene expression. However, research into the interaction of OO nutraceuticals with lifestyle components, especially physical activity, is lacking. Promising postprandial effects have been reported when OO or other similar monounsaturated fatty acids were the main dietary fat compared with other diets. Animal studies have shown a potential anabolic effect of oleuropein. Such effects could be further potentiated via exercise, especially strength training, which is an essential exercise prescription for individuals with T2D. There is also an evidence from in vitro, animal, and limited human studies for a dual preventative role of OO biophenols in diabetes and cancer, especially that they share similar risk factors. Putative antioxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms and associated gene expressions resulting from OO biophenols have produced paradoxical results, making suggested inferences from dual prevention T2D and cancer outcomes difficult. Well-designed human interventions and clinical trials are needed to decipher such a potential dual anticancer and antidiabetic effects of OO nutraceuticals. Exercise combined with OO consumption, individually or as part of a healthy diet is likely to induce reciprocal action for T2D prevention outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alkhatib
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait P.O. Box 1180, Dasman 15462, Kuwait.
| | - Catherine Tsang
- Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, St. Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP, UK.
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait P.O. Box 1180, Dasman 15462, Kuwait.
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85
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Ziosi P, Paolucci C, Santarelli F, Tabanelli T, Passeri S, Cavani F, Righi P. A Two-Step Process for the Synthesis of Hydroxytyrosol. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:2202-2210. [PMID: 29761656 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201800684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new process for the synthesis of hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol), the most powerful natural antioxidant currently known, by means of a two-step approach is reported. Catechol is first reacted with 2,2-dimethoxyacetaldehyde in basic aqueous medium to produce the corresponding mandelic derivative with >90 % conversion of the limiting reactant and about 70 % selectivity to the desired para-hydroxyalkylated compound. Thereafter, the intermediate is hydrogenated to hydroxytyrosol by using a Pd/C catalyst, with total conversion of the mandelic derivative and 68 % selectivity. This two-step process is the first example of a synthetic pathway for hydroxytyrosol that does not involve the use of halogenated components or reduction methodologies that produce stoichiometric waste. It also avoids the complex procedure currently used for hydroxytyrosol purification when it is extracted from wastewater of olive oil production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ziosi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
- Consorzio INSTM, Research Unit of Bologna, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudio Paolucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Santarelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Tabanelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sauro Passeri
- CFS Europe SpA, Via Depretis 6, 48123, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Cavani
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
- Consorzio INSTM, Research Unit of Bologna, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paolo Righi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
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86
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Takuma M, Haruka K, Mutsuto W, Toshiki M, Kenshiro M, Akane T, Hiroshi M, Yoshihiro N. Olive leaf extract prevents cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis of STR/ort mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1101-1106. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1451741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The chondroprotective effect of olive leaf extract (OLE) on knee osteoarthritis (OA) was studied with STR/ort mice (n = 5). OLE was administrated with a dosage of 100 mg/kg for 8 weeks and the OA severity score of hind limb knee joints was then measured. The Mankin scores of the knee joints of the non-OA control group, OA control group and OLE-treated group were 3.50, 11.13 and 7.20, respectively. This suggests that oral OLE supplements help prevent cartilage degeneration in STR/ort mice. In vitro, the synthesis of high molecular weight hyaluronan in synovial cells (HIG-82) was increased by OLE stimulation. This suggests that OLE modulates hyaluronan metabolism in synovial cells and improves OA symptoms. Our findings indicate that OLE intake inhibits cartilage destruction by increasing high molecular weight hyaluronan and thus preventing OA progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruyama Takuma
- Applied Protein Chemistry, Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu, Japan
| | - Kamihama Haruka
- Applied Protein Chemistry, Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu, Japan
| | - Watanabe Mutsuto
- Applied Protein Chemistry, Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu, Japan
| | | | - Matsuda Kenshiro
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu, Japan
| | - Tanaka Akane
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu, Japan
| | - Matsuda Hiroshi
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu, Japan
| | - Nomura Yoshihiro
- Applied Protein Chemistry, Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu, Japan
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87
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Visioli F, Franco M, Toledo E, Luchsinger J, Willett WC, Hu FB, Martinez-Gonzalez MA. Olive oil and prevention of chronic diseases: Summary of an International conference. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:649-656. [PMID: 29804831 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil is the foremost source of fat in the Mediterranean area and, among other features, sets the Mediterranean diet apart from other dietary regimens. In January 2018, the International Olive Council convened several worldwide experts at the Robert Mondavi Institute (Davis, CA), to discuss and summarize the available data on the effects of olive oil consumption on human health. In this paper, we critically provide a synthesis of the main reported findings, which underscore how and why consuming this oil as part of a balanced diet and healthful lifestyle improves prognosis and extends life- and health-spans.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy; IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Franco
- Social and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - E Toledo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra-IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - J Luchsinger
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - W C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - F B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - M A Martinez-Gonzalez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra-IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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88
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Imran M, Nadeem M, Gilani SA, Khan S, Sajid MW, Amir RM. Antitumor Perspectives of Oleuropein and Its Metabolite Hydroxytyrosol: Recent Updates. J Food Sci 2018; 83:1781-1791. [PMID: 29928786 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Olive fruit is a significant and promising source of potential bioactive compounds such as oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol. Oleuropein is the ester of elenolic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethanol (HT). It is the main glycoside in olives, the degradation of which results in the formation of hydroxytyrosol in olive oil. Both plays a significant role in the reduction of coronary heart diseases and a certain type of cancers. Both olive oil phenols have an effective role counter to cell proliferation, cell growth, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. They down regulate the expression of BCL-2 and COX-2 proteins, and reduced DNA damage. Hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein inhibited the multiple stages in colon carcinogenesis; initiation, promotion, and metastasis. They also provide protection against various human cancers including colorectal, skin, breast, thyroid, digestive, lung, brain, blood, and cervical. This review article discusses the anticancer perspectives and mechanisms of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol in cell cultures and animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Univ. Inst. of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The Univ. of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Dept. of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
| | - Syed Amir Gilani
- Univ. Inst. of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The Univ. of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaista Khan
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Shah Abdul University, Khairpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Rai Muhammad Amir
- Inst. of Food and Nutritional Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture Univ., Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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89
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Athanázio-Heliodoro JC, Okino-Delgado CH, Fernandes CJDC, Zanutto MR, Prado DZD, da Silva RA, Facanali R, Zambuzzi WF, Marques MOM, Fleuri LF. Improvement of lipase obtaining system by orange waste-based solid-state fermentation: production, characterization and application. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:565-573. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1476879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Clarissa Hamaio Okino-Delgado
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mirella Rossitto Zanutto
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Zanoni do Prado
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Augusto da Silva
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Willian Fernando Zambuzzi
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Francisco Fleuri
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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90
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Phycobiliprotein-mediated synthesis of biogenic silver nanoparticles, characterization, in vitro and in vivo assessment of anticancer activities. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8925. [PMID: 29895869 PMCID: PMC5997762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phycoerythrin is the main phycobiliprotein that responsible for harvesting light for photosynthesis in cyanobacteria. In this research, phycoerythrin extracted from the cyanobacterium Nostoc carneum has been used to reduce silver nitrate for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesis. UV–visible spectrophotometry for measuring surface plasmon resonance showed a single absorption peak at 430 nm, which confirmed the presence of AgNPs. The face-centered central composite design was chosen to evaluate the interaction effects between four process variables and also to determine their optimal levels which influence the AgNPs biosynthesis using phycoerythrin. The maximum silver nanoparticles biosynthesis (1733.260 ± 21 µg/mL) was achieved in the central runs under the conditions of initial pH 10, incubation period of the 24 h, phycoerythrin concentration of the 0.8 mg/mL and 20 mM of AgNO3. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using TEM which revealed the formation of spherical shape nanoparticles with size ranged between 7.1‒26.68 nm. EDX analysis confirmed silver as the major constituent element. FTIR spectrum indicates the presence of proteinaceous capping agent that prevents silver nanoparticles agglomeration. The IC50 of cell inhibition by AgNPs was observed at 13.07 ± 1.1 µg/mL. Treatment of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma with 5 mg AgNPs/kg of mice body weight significantly decreased tumor volume, tumor cells count, white blood cells count and body weight. It was concluded that the phycoerythrin protein has the ability to synthesize AgNPs, which have antibacterial, antihemolytic, in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic activities.
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91
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Romana-Souza B, Dos Santos JS, Monte-Alto-Costa A. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester promotes wound healing of mice pressure ulcers affecting NF-κB, NOS2 and NRF2 expression. Life Sci 2018; 207:158-165. [PMID: 29864436 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In pressure ulcers, the synthesis of reactive oxygen species induced by ischemia and reperfusion leads to chronic inflammation and tissue damage, which impair the closure of these lesions. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), found in propolis, promotes cutaneous wound healing of acute lesions and severe burns. However, the effects of CAPE on wound healing of pressure ulcers have not been investigated. This study investigated the effects of CAPE administration in a murine model of pressure ulcers. MAIN METHODS To induce pressure ulcers, two cycles of ischemia and reperfusion by external application of two magnetic plates were performed in the skin dorsum of mice. After the last cycle, animals were treated daily with CAPE or vehicle until they were euthanized. KEY FINDINGS The nitric oxide synthesis, lipid peroxidation, macrophage migration, protein nuclear factor kappa B and nitric-oxide synthase-2 expression were increased 3 days after ulceration but decreased 7 days later, in pressure ulcers of the CAPE group compared to that of the control group. CAPE reduced the protein expression of nuclear factor-erythroid2-related factor 2 in pressure ulcers 3 days after ulceration, but increased 7 days later. Myofibroblast density was increased in the CAPE group 7 days after ulceration, but reduced 12 days later when compared to control group. In addition, CAPE promoted collagen deposition, re-epithelialization and wound closure of mice pressure ulcers 12 days after ulceration. SIGNIFICANCE CAPE brings forward inflammatory response and oxidative damage involved in injury by ischemia and reperfusion, promoting dermal reconstruction and closure of pressure ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Romana-Souza
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair, Department of Histology and Embryology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Jeanine Salles Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair, Department of Histology and Embryology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andréa Monte-Alto-Costa
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair, Department of Histology and Embryology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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92
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Nardi M, Bonacci S, Cariati L, Costanzo P, Oliverio M, Sindona G, Procopio A. Synthesis and antioxidant evaluation of lipophilic oleuropein aglycone derivatives. Food Funct 2018; 8:4684-4692. [PMID: 29160876 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01105a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oleuropein is the most important phenolic compound present in olive cultivars, but it is scarcely present in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) due to its high hydrophilicity and degradability. Thus, a set of oleuropein aglycone derivatives were synthesized by transacetylation under mild conditions with the aim of circumventing these drawbacks and making the active moiety in oleuropein suitable to be added to food fats. The oleuropein aglycone (closed ring form) is obtained by hydrolyzing oleuropein using Lewis acid catalysis. Then, the permeation profiles as well as the antioxidant capacity of the oleuropein aglycone derivatives were evaluated by ORAC, DPPH assays and by ROS formation using the SH-SY5Y cell line. The biological activities of the obtained compounds exhibited a dependence on their level of lipophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
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93
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Basu T, Panja S, Shendge AK, Das A, Mandal N. A natural antioxidant, tannic acid mitigates iron-overload induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice through ROS regulation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:603-618. [PMID: 29446234 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tannic acid (TA), a water soluble natural polyphenol with 8 gallic acids groups, is abundantly present in various medicinal plants. Previously TA has been investigated for its antimicrobial and antifungal properties. Being a large polyphenol, TA chelates more than 1 metal. Hence TA has been explored for potent antioxidant activities against reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and as iron chelator in vitro thereby mitigating iron-overload induced hepatotoxicity in vivo. Iron dextran was injected intraperitoneally in Swiss albino mice to induce iron-overload triggered hepatotoxicity, followed by oral administration of TA for remediation. After treatment, liver, spleen, and blood samples were processed from sacrificed animals. The liver iron, serum ferritin, serum markers, ROS, liver antioxidant status, and liver damage parameters were assessed, followed by histopathology and protein expression studies. Our results show that TA is a prominent ROS and RNS scavenger as well as iron chelator in vitro. It also reversed the ROS levels in vivo and restricted the liver damage parameters as compared to the standard drug, desirox. Moreover, this natural polyphenol exclusively ameliorates the histopathological and fibrotic changes in liver sections reducing the iron-overload, along with chelation of liver iron and normalization of serum ferritin. The protective role of TA against iron-overload induced apoptosis in liver was further supported by changed levels of caspase 3, PARP as well as Bax/BCl-2 ratio. Thus, TA can be envisaged as a better orally administrable iron chelator to reduce iron-overload induced hepatotoxicity through ROS regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapasree Basu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme-VIIM, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Sourav Panja
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme-VIIM, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Anil Khushalrao Shendge
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme-VIIM, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Abhishek Das
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme-VIIM, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Nripendranath Mandal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme-VIIM, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
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94
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The chemical parameters and oxidative resistance to heat treatment of refined and extra virgin Moroccan Picholine olive oil. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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95
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Geng S, Sang X, Liu X, Ren Y, Xue Y. A theoretical study of UV-Vis spectrum and antioxidant activity of chryso-obtusin. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633618500153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The conformation, electron structure, and antioxidant mechanism of chryso-obtusin, extracted from Leguminosae of traditional Chinese herb, have been studied in CH3OH by the density functional theory B3LYP/PCM/6-311[Formula: see text]G(2df,p)//B3LYP/PCM/6-31G([Formula: see text]) method. Three mechanisms of antioxidant actions are examined, which contain hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single-electron transfer-proton transfer (SET-PT), and sequential proton loss transfer (SPLET), by using the computed corresponding indicators (BDE, IP, and PDE). Still, the spin density is employed to measure the delocalization of the antioxidant and its radical form. The finding suggests that hydrogen bond interaction is the main cause for the antioxidant activity of this antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Geng
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Sang
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yi Ren
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xue
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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96
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Ji ST, Kim YJ, Jung SY, Kim DY, Kang S, Park JH, Jang WB, Ha J, Yun J, Kwon SM. Oleuropein attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced autophagic cell death in human adipose-derived stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:675-680. [PMID: 29604275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells with self-renewing properties; thus, transplanting functionally enhanced MSCs might be a promising strategy for cell therapy against ischemic diseases. However, extensive oxidative damage in ischemic tissue affects the cell fate of transplanted MSCs, eventually resulting in cell damage and autophagic cell death. Oleuropein (OLP) is a bioactive compound isolated from olives and olive oil that harbors antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the potential cytoprotective effects of OLP against oxidative stress and autophagic cell death in MSCs. We found that short-term priming with OLP attenuated H2O2-induced apoptosis by regulating the pro-apoptotic marker Bax and the anti-apoptotic markers Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. Notably, OLP inhibits H2O2 -induced autophagic cell death by modulating autophagy-related death signals, including mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), ULK1 (unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1), Beclin-1, AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), and LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1a/1b-light chain 3). Our data suggest that OLP might reduce H2O2-induced autophagy and cell apoptosis in MSCs by regulating both the AMPK-ULK axis and the Bcl-2-Mcl-1 axis. Consequently, short-term cell priming with OLP might enhance the therapeutic effect of MSCs against ischemic vascular diseases, which provides an important potential improvement for emerging therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Taek Ji
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Yun Jung
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Yeon Kim
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Songhwa Kang
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Park
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Bi Jang
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseong Ha
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Yun
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.
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97
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Sagar NA, Pareek S, Sharma S, Yahia EM, Lobo MG. Fruit and Vegetable Waste: Bioactive Compounds, Their Extraction, and Possible Utilization. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:512-531. [PMID: 33350136 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are the most utilized commodities among all horticultural crops. They are consumed raw, minimally processed, as well as processed, due to their nutrients and health-promoting compounds. With the growing population and changing diet habits, the production and processing of horticultural crops, especially fruits and vegetables, have increased very significantly to fulfill the increasing demands. Significant losses and waste in the fresh and processing industries are becoming a serious nutritional, economical, and environmental problem. For example, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has estimated that losses and waste in fruits and vegetables are the highest among all types of foods, and may reach up to 60%. The processing operations of fruits and vegetables produce significant wastes of by-products, which constitute about 25% to 30% of a whole commodity group. The waste is composed mainly of seed, skin, rind, and pomace, containing good sources of potentially valuable bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids, polyphenols, dietary fibers, vitamins, enzymes, and oils, among others. These phytochemicals can be utilized in different industries including the food industry, for the development of functional or enriched foods, the health industry for medicines and pharmaceuticals, and the textile industry, among others. The use of waste for the production of various crucial bioactive components is an important step toward sustainable development. This review describes the types and nature of the waste that originates from fruits and vegetables, the bioactive components in the waste, their extraction techniques, and the potential utilization of the obtained bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narashans Alok Sagar
- Dept. of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Natl. Inst. of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat, Haryana 131 028, India
| | - Sunil Pareek
- Dept. of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Natl. Inst. of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat, Haryana 131 028, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Dept. of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Natl. Inst. of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat, Haryana 131 028, India
| | - Elhadi M Yahia
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Avenida de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, México
| | - Maria Gloria Lobo
- Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, La laguna-Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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98
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Langhans W. Food Components in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2287-2294. [PMID: 28603983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The current obesity epidemic with its deleterious effects on public health and the increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases in our aging society have dramatically increased public awareness of nutrition-related health issues. On one hand, food components, such as fat, sugar, flavors, and spices, are major determinants of the hedonic value of food, and the constant and almost ubiquitous availability of good-tasting food in our affluent societies promotes overeating and weight gain. On the other hand, several food components, including flavoring compounds and the active ingredients of many plants, such as spices and herbs (e.g., polyphenols and capsaicinoids) or thylakoids, supposedly can decrease food intake and affect gastrointestinal function and metabolism. These substances may act as antioxidants, may stimulate the release of incretins and, hence, insulin, and may improve insulin sensitivity or decrease plasma levels of lipids. Such beneficial effects are often difficult to demonstrate in epidemiological studies because they may occur only at supraphysiological doses and/or when the purified compounds are administered, but they can be present under certain circumstances. This review discusses the putative mechanisms of the health-promoting and disease-preventing effects of some food components and their potential physiological relevance, primarily with respect to counteracting obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Langhans
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health , ETH Zurich , Schorenstrasse 16 , 8603 Schwerzenbach , Switzerland
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99
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Hamid abadi Sherahi M, Shahidi F, Yazdi FT, Hashemi SMB. Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum on olive and olive oil quality during fermentation process. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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100
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Li X, Chen Z, Wu Y, Yan Y, Sun X, Yuan Q. Establishing an Artificial Pathway for Efficient Biosynthesis of Hydroxytyrosol. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:647-654. [PMID: 29281883 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a valuable natural phenolic compound with strong antioxidant activity and various physiological and pharmaceutical functions. In this study, we established an artificial pathway for HT biosynthesis. First, efficient enzymes were selected to construct a tyrosol biosynthetic pathway. Aro10 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was shown to be a better ketoacid decarboxylase than Kivd from Lactococcus lactis for tyrosol production. While knockout of feaB significantly decreased accumulation of the byproduct 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, overexpression of alcohol dehydrogenase ADH6 further improved tyrosol production. The titers of tyrosol reached 1469 ± 56 mg/L from tyrosine and 620 ± 23 mg/L from simple carbon sources, respectively. The pathway was further extended for HT production by overexpressing Escherichia coli native hydroxylase HpaBC. To enhance transamination of tyrosine to 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, NH4Cl was removed from the culture media. To decrease oxidation of HT, ascorbic acid was added to the cell culture. To reduce the toxicity of HT, 1-dodecanol was selected as the extractant for in situ removal of HT. These efforts led to an additive increase in HT titer to 1243 ± 165 mg/L in the feeding experiment. Assembly of the full pathway resulted in 647 ± 35 mg/L of HT from simple carbon sources. This work provides a promising alternative for sustainable production of HT, which shows scale-up potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglai Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhenya Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yifei Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yajun Yan
- College
of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Xinxiao Sun
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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