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Zhao R, Meng X, Jia G, Yu Y, Song B. Oral pre-administration of Purslane polysaccharides enhance immune responses to inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccine in mice. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:38. [PMID: 30683105 PMCID: PMC6347817 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the greatest disease threats to animal husbandry worldwide. Though various vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have been developed, vaccine effectiveness is still not satisfactory. In this work, we studied the potential ability of Purslane polysaccharide (POL-P3b) as a nutrient food additive to enhance immune responses to FMD vaccination in mice. Results Our results demonstrated that oral administration of POL-P3b at mid- and high-doses significantly enhanced the FMDV-specific cellular and humoral immune responses in mice and increased the concentration of Ca2+ in lymphocytes. Importantly, POL-P3b could promote intestinal DC maturation and stimulate the secretion of intestinal SIgA in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the acute toxicity study showed that POL-P3b was non-toxic and safe in mice. Conclusion Our findings provided solid evidence that POL-P3b might be a novel immunostimulator and a boosting agent for increasing the efficacy of FMD vaccination, and the mechanism was related to stimulating the intestinal mucosal immune function that subsequently enhanced the efficacy of FMD vaccination through pre-administration of oral POL-P3b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang August First Land Reclamation University, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Daqing Oilfield Hospital, Daqing, 163311, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiyan Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang August First Land Reclamation University, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhong Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang August First Land Reclamation University, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Bocui Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang August First Land Reclamation University, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
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Du Z, Zhang W, Wang S, Zhang J, He J, Wang Y, Dong Y, Huo M. Celastrol protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells against hydrogen peroxide mediated oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis through sirtuin 3 signal pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:10413-10420. [PMID: 30618198 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), one of the most common causes of visual impairment, often occurrs in the elderly in developed countries. Oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells play roles in the pathogenesis of AMD. In the current study, the protective effect of celastrol against hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis was investigated using a human RPE cell line (ARPE-19). H2 O2 inhibited ARPE-19 cells' survival and autophagy and induced their oxidative stress and apoptosis. Compared with the H2 O2 group, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that celastrol increased ARPE-19 cells' survival in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Further, studies have suggested that celastrol has antioxidative stress and antiapoptosis effects in H2 O2 -treated ARPE-19 cells. Also, cell autophagy is activated by celastrol in H2 O2 -treated ARPE-19 cells. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot showed that celastrol elevated the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) in H2 O2 -induced ARPE-19 cells. Inhibition of the level of SIRT3 by SIRT3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) reversed the effects of celastrol on oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis in H2 O2 -induced ARPE-19 cells. In conclusion, these observations suggest that celastrol activates the SIRT3 pathway in RPE cells and protects against H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengyu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingang He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhong Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Huo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Abstract
Celastrol is a highly investigated anticancer moiety. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid, isolated several decades ago with promising role in chemoprevention. Celastrol has been found to target multiple proinflammatory, angiogenic and metastatic proteins. Inhibition of these targets results in significant reduction of cancer growth, survival and metastasis. This review summarizes the varied molecular targets of celastrol along with insight into the various recently published clinical, preclinical and industrial patents (2011-2017).
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Han XB, Tan Y, Fang YQ, Li F. Protective effects of celastrol against γ irradiation-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:685-694. [PMID: 30116323 PMCID: PMC6090236 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dose ionizing radiation can cause harmful effects on the cardiovascular system. Notably, endothelial cells are critical targets in radiation-induced damage. γ radiation exerts its biological effects through the radiolysis of water, which further generates ROS and induces lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential protective effects of celastrol against γ radiation-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were exposed to γ radiation at different doses with or without celastrol treatment. Cell viability and cytotoxicity, migratory ability, ROS production, lipid peroxidation, oxidative DNA damage and antioxidative enzyme levels were evaluated in HUVECs at 24 h post-irradiation. It was observed that HUVECs exhibited decreased cell viability, increased cytotoxicity and a decreased migratory ability after exposure to 20-Gy γ radiation. Celastrol treatment concentration-dependently reversed these effects. γ irradiation was also demonstrated to increase the production of ROS, enhance lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage and decrease the levels of SOD, catalase, GST and GPx in HUVECs. These detrimental effects were blocked by treatment with celastrol for 24 h. These data suggested that celastrol not only attenuated γ radiation-induced cytotoxicity, but also effectively blocked oxidative stress in HUVECs. As an antioxidant agent, celastrol may have potential protective effects in HUVECs against γ irradiation-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Bei Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,Tumor Biotherapy Center, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Tan
- Tumor Biotherapy Center, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Qiu Fang
- Tumor Biotherapy Center, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Tang M, Cao X, Zhang K, Li Y, Zheng QY, Li GQ, He QH, Li SJ, Xu GL, Zhang KQ. Celastrol alleviates renal fibrosis by upregulating cannabinoid receptor 2 expression. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:601. [PMID: 29789558 PMCID: PMC5964092 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the final manifestation of various chronic kidney diseases, and no effective therapy is available to prevent or reverse it. Celastrol, a triterpene that derived from traditional Chinese medicine, is a known potent anti-fibrotic agent. However, the underlying mechanisms of action of celastrol on renal fibrosis remain unknown. In this study, we found that celastrol treatment remarkably attenuated unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced mouse renal fibrosis. This was evidenced by the significant reduction in tubular injury; collagen deposition; accumulation of fibronectin, collagen I, and α-smooth muscle actin; and the expression levels of pro-fibrotic factors Vim, Cola1, and TGF-β1 mRNA, as well as inflammatory responses. Celastrol showed similar effects in a folic acid-induced mouse renal fibrosis model. Furthermore, celastrol potentiated the expression of the anti-fibrotic factor cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) in established mouse fibrotic kidney tissues and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated human kidney 2 (HK-2) cells. In addition, the CB2R antagonist (SR144528) abolished celastrol-mediated beneficial effects on renal fibrosis. Moreover, UUO- or TGF-β1-induced activation of the pro-fibrotic factor SMAD family member 3 (Smad3) was markedly inhibited by celastrol. Inhibition of Smad3 activation by an inhibitor (SIS3) markedly reduced TGF-β1-induced downregulation of CB2R expression. In conclusion, our study provides the first direct evidence that celastrol significantly alleviated renal fibrosis, by contributing to the upregulation of CB2R expression through inhibiting Smad3 signaling pathway activation. Therefore, celastrol could be a potential drug for treating patients with renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.,Department of Immunology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - You Li
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Quan-You Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Gui-Qing Li
- Department of Immunology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qian-Hui He
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shu-Jing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Gui-Lian Xu
- Department of Immunology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Li H, Fan Y, Yang F, Zhao L, Cao B. The coordinated effects of Apatinib and Tripterine on the proliferation, invasiveness and apoptosis of human hepatoma Hep3B cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:353-361. [PMID: 29928421 PMCID: PMC6006384 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a novel vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Apatinib has exhibited antitumor effects in a variety of solid tumors. Extracts of Chinese herbal medicines have emerged as a promising alternative option to increase the sensitivity of patients to chemotherapeutics while alleviating side effects. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Apatinib and the traditional Chinese herb Tripterine on the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of human hepatoma Hep3B cells. The expression of VEGFR-2 in Hep3B cells was detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. Hep3B cells were then divided into four different groups: Control group, Apatinib group, Tripterine group and Apatinib plus Tripterine group. The proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of these four groups of Hep3B cells were assessed by MTS, wound healing and Transwell assays, and flow cytometry, respectively. Finally, the levels of the proliferation-associated proteins phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) and the apoptosis-associated proteins cleaved Caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma-associated X protein (Bax) were detected by western blotting. The proliferation, migration and invasion of Hep3B cells were significantly inhibited by Apatinib and Tripterine, compared with the control group (P<0.01). The inhibitory effect of the combination group was markedly stronger than that of the Apatinib and Tripterine groups. The downregulation of p-Akt and p-ERK induced by Apatinib and Tripterine was further inhibited in the combination group (P<0.05), and the expression levels of Caspase-3 and Bax were also significantly increased in the combination group (P<0.05). The combination of Apatinib and Tripterine significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion ability and promoted the apoptosis of Hep3B cells by downregulating the expression of p-Akt and p-ERK, and upregulating the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Li
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Yichang Fan
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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Moreira H, Szyjka A, Gąsiorowski K. Chemopreventive activity of celastrol in drug-resistant human colon carcinoma cell cultures. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21211-21223. [PMID: 29765532 PMCID: PMC5940375 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Celastrol (tripterine) a pentacyclic triterpenoid extracted from the roots of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f., exhibits potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and also exerts important anti-cancer effects, as induction of apoptosis and lowering the level of drug resistance of several cancers. Increased level of cellular resistance to cytostatic drugs is typical for colorectal cancers, and largely determines the failure of chemotherapy for this tumor. The purpose of our research was to evaluate the chemopreventive effect of celastrol on cultures of colon cancer cells resistant to doxorubicin (LOVO/DX). With the use of flow cytometry we have shown that celastrol reduces the cell size of the SP (side population; subpopulation of cancer cells enriched with cancer stem cells), increases frequency of apoptosis and binds to Pgp protein in cell membranes inhibiting its transport function. The inhibition of the Pgp transport function has been shown to increase the accumulation of rhodamine-123 and standard cytostatic- doxorubicin in LOVO/DX cells. Our results prove that celastrol exhibits significant chemopreventive and chemosensitizing activities on drug resistant colon cancer cells. Celastrol appears to be a good candidate for adjuvant medicine that can improve the effectiveness of standard cytostatic therapy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Moreira
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Szyjka
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Gąsiorowski
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
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Greydanus DE, Agana M, Kamboj MK, Shebrain S, Soares N, Eke R, Patel DR. Pediatric obesity: Current concepts. Dis Mon 2018; 64:98-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Su P, Yang J, Huang L, Gao W. Genetic Transformation System for Woody Plant Tripterygium wilfordii and Its Application to Product Natural Celastrol. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 8:2221. [PMID: 29375599 PMCID: PMC5767223 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tripterygium wilfordii is a perennial woody liana medicinal plant with several crucial biological activities. Although studies on tissue culture have previously been conducted, research on genetic transformation is much more challenging and therefore results in slower progress. In the present study, a highly efficient transformation system involving the particle bombardment of T. wilfordii with the reporter egfp gene using the PDS-1000/He system was established. A total of seven parameters affecting the genetic transformation were investigated using an L18 (6 × 36)-type orthogonal array. The result indicated that DNA delivery conditions of 3-cm target distance, 1100 psi helium pressure, 28 mmHg chamber vacuum pressure, three times number of bombardment, CaCl2 as precipitation agent, 2 μg plasmid DNA concentration and 48 h post-bombardment incubation time were optimal for T. wilfordii cell suspensions transformation. The average transformation efficiency was 19.17%. Based on this transformation system, the overexpression of two T. wilfordii farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase genes (TwFPSs) was performed in cell suspensions. Integration of the TwFPSs in the genome was verified by PCR analysis and also by Southern blotting using hygromycin gene as a probe. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that the expression of TwFPS1&2 was highly up regulated in transgenic cell suspensions compared with control cells. The detection of metabolites showed that TwFPS1&2 could highly increase the celastrol content (973.60 μg/g) in transgenic cells. These results indicated that this transformation system is an effective protocol for characterizing the function of genes in the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Su
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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A unique tolerizing dendritic cell phenotype induced by the synthetic triterpenoid CDDO-DFPA (RTA-408) is protective against EAE. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9886. [PMID: 28851867 PMCID: PMC5575165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) have emerged as relevant clinical targets for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune disorders. However, the pathways essential for conferring the tolerizing DC phenotype and optimal methods for their induction remain an intense area of research. Triterpenoids are a class of small molecules with potent immunomodulatory activity linked to activation of Nrf2 target genes, and can also suppress the manifestations of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Here we demonstrate that DCs are a principal target of the immune modulating activity of triterpenoids in the context of EAE. Exposure of DCs to the new class of triterpenoid CDDO-DFPA (RTA-408) results in the induction of HO-1, TGF-β, and IL-10, as well as the repression of NF-κB, EDN-1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-12, and TNFα. CDDO-DFPA exposed DCs retained expression of surface ligands and capacity for antigen uptake but were impaired to induce Th1 and Th17 cells. TGF-β was identified as the factor mediating suppression of T cell proliferation by CDDO-DFPA pretreated DCs, which failed to passively induce EAE. These findings demonstrate the potential therapeutic utility of CDDO-DFPA in the treatment and prevention of autoimmune disorders, and its capacity to induce tolerance via modulation of the DC phenotype.
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Yang H, Liu C, Jiang J, Wang Y, Zhang X. Celastrol Attenuates Multiple Sclerosis and Optic Neuritis in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:44. [PMID: 28239352 PMCID: PMC5301323 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of celastrol, a natural compound with multiple bioactivities, on multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis (ON) in rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE was induced in Sprague Dawley rats using myelin basic protein, and the animals received daily intraperitoneal injections of celastrol or vehicle for 13 days. The EAE rats showed abnormal neurobehavior and inflammatory infiltration and demyelination in the spinal cord. Significantly upregulated mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ and interleukin-17 and downregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-4 were found in the spinal cord of EAE rats. In the study of ON, severely inflammatory responses like in the spinal cord were also seen in the optic nerve, as well as obvious microgliosis. Furthermore, activation of nuclear factor kappa-B and upregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase was observed in the optic nerve. In addition, apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells and dysregulation of apoptotic-associated proteins in the optic nerve were found in EAE rats. Treatment of celastrol potently restored these changes. In most of the indexes, the effects of high dose of celastrol were better than the low dose. Our data conclude that administration of celastrol attenuates multiple sclerosis and ON in EAE via anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. These findings provide new pre-clinical evidence for the use of celastrol in treatment of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Harbin Fourth Hospital Harbin, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin, China
| | - Yuena Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin, China
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Yuan K, Huang G, Zhang S, Zhu Q, Yu R, Sheng H, Luo G, Xu A. Celastrol alleviates arthritis by modulating the inflammatory activities of neutrophils. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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