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Chachaj A, Gąsiorowski K, Szuba A, Sieradzki A, Leszek J. The Lymphatic System In The Brain Clearance Mechanisms - New Therapeutic Perspectives For Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:380-391. [PMID: 35410605 PMCID: PMC10190136 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220411091332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Pathological deposits of neurotoxic proteins within the brain, such as amyloid-ß and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles, are the prominent features in AD. According to recent studies, the newly discovered brain lymphatic system was demonstrated to be crucial in the clearance of metabolic macromolecules from the brain. Meningeal lymphatic vessels located in the dura mater drain the fluid, macromolecules, and immune cells from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and transport them, as lymph, to the deep cervical lymph nodes. The lymphatic system provides the perivascular exchange of CSF with interstitial fluid (ISF) and ensures the homeostasis of neuronal interstitial space. In this review, we aim to summarize recent findings on the role of the lymphatic system in AD pathophysiology and discuss possible therapeutic perspectives, targeting the lymphatic clearance mechanisms within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Chachaj
- Department of Angiology, Hypertension and Diabetology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Szuba
- Department of Angiology, Hypertension and Diabetology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Sieradzki
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Leszek
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Gąsiorowski K, Brokos JB, Sochocka M, Ochnik M, Chojdak-Łukasiewicz J, Zajączkowska K, Fułek M, Leszek J. Current and Near-Future Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1144-1157. [PMID: 34856906 PMCID: PMC9886829 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211202124239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings have improved our understanding of the multifactorial nature of AD. While in early asymptomatic stages of AD, increased amyloid-β synthesis and tau hyperphosphorylation play a key role, while in the latter stages of the disease, numerous dysfunctions of homeostatic mechanisms in neurons, glial cells, and cerebrovascular endothelium determine the rate of progression of clinical symptoms. The main driving forces of advanced neurodegeneration include increased inflammatory reactions in neurons and glial cells, oxidative stress, deficiencies in neurotrophic growth and regenerative capacity of neurons, brain insulin resistance with disturbed metabolism in neurons, or reduction of the activity of the Wnt-β catenin pathway, which should integrate the homeostatic mechanisms of brain tissue. In order to more effectively inhibit the progress of neurodegeneration, combination therapies consisting of drugs that rectify several above-mentioned dysfunctions should be used. It should be noted that many widely-used drugs from various pharmacological groups, "in addition" to the main therapeutic indications, have a beneficial effect on neurodegeneration and may be introduced into clinical practice in combination therapy of AD. There is hope that complex treatment will effectively inhibit the progression of AD and turn it into a slowly progressing chronic disease. Moreover, as the mechanisms of bidirectional communication between the brain and microbiota are better understood, it is expected that these pathways will be harnessed to provide novel methods to enhance health and treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Sochocka
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Ochnik
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | | - Michał Fułek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jerzy Leszek
- Department of Psychiatry, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Psychiatry, Wrocław Medical University, 10 Ludwika Pasteura Str., 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; Tel:+48603880572; E-mail:
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Wiatrak B, Mieszała P, Gąsiorowski K. Impact of NMDA receptor activation on DNA damage in PC12 neuron-like cell cultures in the presence of β-amyloid peptides. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10443-10455. [PMID: 36107376 PMCID: PMC9618537 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of low nanomolar concentrations of Aβ1-40 and Aβ25-35 on DNA double-strand breaks following NMDA activation of cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS After incubating the differentiated PC12 cells with Aβ25-35, Aβ1-40 or Aβ1-42 for 24 h, the culture was washed and stimulated for 15 min with NMDA. Then, tests were performed at four-time intervals from stimulation to assess the viability of the culture, the level of oxygen free radicals, and the γH2AX and pATM kinase. NMDAR1 expression was also evaluated by performing immunocytochemical staining. RESULTS It was found that amyloid peptides in nanomolar concentrations reduce double-stranded DNA breaks after NMDA neuron activation. A slight antioxidant effect was also demonstrated when measured 120 min after NMDA cell activation. CONCLUSION The NMDA stimulation of PC12 cells led to a rapid increase in the number of double-stranded DNA breaks in the cells and is assumed to be the initial step in IEG activation and LTP induction. The effect of Aβ on the reduction of double-strand breaks after NMDA cell stimulation indicates that at concentrations similar to physiological amyloid peptides, it may reduce the mobilization of the neuronal response to stimuli, leading to inhibition of LTP induction and decreasing synaptic plasticity in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland ,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Przemysław Mieszała
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Gąsiorowski
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Gontarz M, Urbańska-Gąsiorowska M, Bargiel J, Gąsiorowski K, Marecik T, Szczurowski P, Zapała J, Wyszyńska-Pawelec G. Sublingual gland neoplasms: clinicopathological study of 8 cases. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2021; 26:e626-e631. [PMID: 34415003 PMCID: PMC8412453 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.24634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sublingual gland neoplasms are very rare and the majority of them are malignant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical course, treatment, and outcomes of these uncommon neoplasms based on the authors’ experience and the recent literature. Material and Methods The medical charts of 8 patients with primary epithelial sublingual gland tumors treated between 1994 and 2020 were reviewed. Results Malignant tumors comprised 75% (6/8) of cases. Adenoid cystic carcinoma was the most common (50%, 3/6) and characterized by high risk of local recurrence and lung metastasis. Pleomorphic adenoma was the only representative of benign tumors with no evidence of local recurrence in follow up. Conclusions Treatment of choice of sublingual gland tumors is surgery. However, due to the fact that adenoid cystic carcinoma is the most common malignancy with poor prognosis, surgical treatment should be combined with postoperative radiotherapy. Benign sublingual tumors are less common and treatment of choice in these cases is tumor resection together with sublingual gland. Key words:Salivary gland neoplasms, sublingual gland, pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gontarz
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery Jagiellonian University Medical College, University Hospital 2 Jakubowskiego Street, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
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Wiatrak B, Piasny J, Kuźniarski A, Gąsiorowski K. Interactions of Amyloid-β with Membrane Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6075. [PMID: 34199915 PMCID: PMC8200087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In developing and developed countries, an increasing elderly population is observed. This affects the growing percentage of people struggling with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Nevertheless, the pathomechanism of this disease is still unknown. This contributes to problems with early diagnosis of the disease as well as with treatment. One of the most popular hypotheses of Alzheimer's disease is related to the pathological deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain of ill people. In this paper, we discuss issues related to Aβ and its relationship in the development of Alzheimer's disease. The structure of Aβ and its interaction with the cell membrane are discussed. Not only do the extracellular plaques affect nerve cells, but other forms of this peptide as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Janusz Piasny
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Amadeusz Kuźniarski
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Kazimierz Gąsiorowski
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Hachiya N, Sochocka M, Brzecka A, Shimizu T, Gąsiorowski K, Szczechowiak K, Leszek J. Nuclear Envelope and Nuclear Pore Complexes in Neurodegenerative Diseases-New Perspectives for Therapeutic Interventions. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:983-995. [PMID: 33067781 PMCID: PMC7878205 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transport of proteins, transcription factors, and other signaling molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm is necessary for signal transduction. The study of these transport phenomena is particularly challenging in neurons because of their highly polarized structure. The bidirectional exchange of molecular cargoes across the nuclear envelope (NE) occurs through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), which are aqueous channels embedded in the nuclear envelope. The NE and NPCs regulate nuclear transport but are also emerging as relevant regulators of chromatin organization and gene expression. The alterations in nuclear transport are regularly identified in affected neurons associated with human neurodegenerative diseases. This review presents insights into the roles played by nuclear transport defects in neurodegenerative disease, focusing primarily on NE proteins and NPCs. The subcellular mislocalization of proteins might be a very desirable means of therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Hachiya
- Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marta Sochocka
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Brzecka
- Department of Pulmonology and Lung Cancer, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Takuto Shimizu
- Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | | | - Jerzy Leszek
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrzeże L. Pasteura 10, 50-367, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Wakulik K, Wiatrak B, Szczukowski Ł, Bodetko D, Szandruk-Bender M, Dobosz A, Świątek P, Gąsiorowski K. Effect of Novel Pyrrolo[3,4- d]pyridazinone Derivatives on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2575. [PMID: 32276316 PMCID: PMC7177677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is considered to be one of the potential causes for the development of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we evaluated the effect of four newly synthesized pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazinone derivatives on the neuron-like PC12 cells under simulated inflammation conditions by preincubation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our novel derivatives are selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors and have similar effects to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We assessed viability (LDH assay), metabolic activity (MTT assay), DNA damage (number of double-strand breaks measured by fast halo assay), and the neuronal features of cells (average neurite length and neurite outgrowth measured spectrofluorimetrically). DCF-DA and Griess assays were also performed, which allowed determining the impact of the tested compounds on the level of oxygen free radicals and nitrites. LPS administration significantly negatively affected the results in all tests performed, and treatment with the tested derivatives in most cases significantly reduced this negative impact. Multiple-criteria decision analysis indicated that overall, the best results were observed for compounds 2a and 2b at a concentration of 10 µM. The new derivatives showed intense activity against free oxygen radicals and nitrites. Reduced reactive oxygen species level also correlated with a decrease in the number of DNA damage. The compounds improved neuronal features, such as neurite length and outgrowth, and they also increased cell viability and mitochondrial activity. Our results suggest that derivatives 2a and 2b may also act additionally on mechanisms other than 3a and 3b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wakulik
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.W.); (D.B.); (A.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.W.); (D.B.); (A.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Łukasz Szczukowski
- Department of Chemistry of Drugs, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (Ł.S.); (P.Ś.)
| | - Dorota Bodetko
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.W.); (D.B.); (A.D.); (K.G.)
| | | | - Agnieszka Dobosz
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.W.); (D.B.); (A.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Piotr Świątek
- Department of Chemistry of Drugs, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (Ł.S.); (P.Ś.)
| | - Kazimierz Gąsiorowski
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.W.); (D.B.); (A.D.); (K.G.)
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Gębarowski T, Wiatrak B, Gębczak K, Tylińska B, Gąsiorowski K. Effect of new olivacine derivatives on p53 protein level. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:214-224. [PMID: 32016852 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-019-00004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The p53 protein is a transcription factor for many genes, including genes involved in inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in genotoxically damaged and tumor-transformed cells. In more than 55% of cases of human cancers, loss of the essential function of p53 protein is found. In numerous reports, it has been shown that small molecules (chemical compounds) can restore the suppressor function of the mutant p53 protein in tumor cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anticancer activity of three newly synthesized olivacine derivatives. METHODS The study was performed using two cell lines-CCRF/CEM (containing the mutant p53 protein) and A549 (containing a non-mutant, wild-type p53 protein). The cells were incubated with olivacine derivatives for 18 h and then assays were carried out: measurement of the amount of p53 and p21 proteins, detection of apoptosis, cell cycle analysis, and rhodamine 123 accumulation assay (evaluation of P-glycoprotein inhibition). Multiple-criteria decision analysis was used to compare the anticancer activity of the tested compounds. RESULTS Each tested compound caused the reconstitution of suppressor activity of the p53 protein in cells with the mutant protein. In addition, one of the compounds showed significant antitumor activity in both wild-type and mutant cells. For all compounds, a stronger effect on the level of the p53 protein was observed than for the reference compound-ellipticine. CONCLUSIONS The observed effects of the tested new olivacine derivatives (pyridocarbazoles) suggest that they are good candidates for new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Gębarowski
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Gębczak
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Beata Tylińska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Gąsiorowski
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of a new type of wound dressing material that can support skin regeneration is an important challenge to improve treatment of chronic, non-healing wounds. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to compare the impact of flax fabrics from transgenic plants overexpressing phenolic acids and flavonoids (W92) and polyhydroxybutyrate (M48), as well as fabric from non-transgenic plant (Nike) on cultures of human skin cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Flax fabric pieces as well as water extracts from the fabrics were co-cultured with human skin cells: keratinocytes, fibroblasts, dermal microvascular endothelial cells, and with monocytoid cell line (THP1) for 48 h. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed with the sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was estimated with the 2'7 dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) oxidation method. Endothelial cell migration was measured with the scratch assay. The results were compared with the multi-criteria analysis (MCA) procedure. RESULTS Tested flax fabrics released flavonoids and polyhydroxybutyrate to cell culture media, as it was determined by means of the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Fabrics from transgenic plants W92 and M48 promoted proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Water extracts from flax fabric diminished the proliferation of monocytoid cells, decreased oxidative burst in activated THP1 cells and accelerated the velocity of dermal microvascular cell migration. The MCA proved that the sum of beneficial effects estimated in human skin cell cultures was higher (by 47% and by 34% with W92 and M48, respectively) than that of non-transgenic flax fabric (Nike). CONCLUSIONS The W92 and M48 fabrics should be further studied as candidates for elaboration of new types of bandages, able to improve skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazimierz Gąsiorowski
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gębarowski
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Helena Moreira
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Anna Kulma
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michał Szatkowski
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jan Szopa
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Poland
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Moreira H, Szyjka A, Gąsiorowski K. Chemopreventive activity of celastrol in drug-resistant human colon carcinoma cell cultures. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21211-21223. [PMID: 29765532 PMCID: PMC5940375 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Celastrol (tripterine) a pentacyclic triterpenoid extracted from the roots of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f., exhibits potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and also exerts important anti-cancer effects, as induction of apoptosis and lowering the level of drug resistance of several cancers. Increased level of cellular resistance to cytostatic drugs is typical for colorectal cancers, and largely determines the failure of chemotherapy for this tumor. The purpose of our research was to evaluate the chemopreventive effect of celastrol on cultures of colon cancer cells resistant to doxorubicin (LOVO/DX). With the use of flow cytometry we have shown that celastrol reduces the cell size of the SP (side population; subpopulation of cancer cells enriched with cancer stem cells), increases frequency of apoptosis and binds to Pgp protein in cell membranes inhibiting its transport function. The inhibition of the Pgp transport function has been shown to increase the accumulation of rhodamine-123 and standard cytostatic- doxorubicin in LOVO/DX cells. Our results prove that celastrol exhibits significant chemopreventive and chemosensitizing activities on drug resistant colon cancer cells. Celastrol appears to be a good candidate for adjuvant medicine that can improve the effectiveness of standard cytostatic therapy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Moreira
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Szyjka
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Gąsiorowski
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
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Skórkowska-Telichowska K, Kulma A, Gębarowski T, Wojtasik W, Kostyn K, Moreira H, Szyjka A, Boba A, Preisner M, Mierziak J, Arendt M, Kostyn A, Szatkowski M, Szopa J, Gąsiorowski K. V79 Fibroblasts Are Protected Against Reactive Oxygen Species by Flax Fabric. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 184:366-385. [PMID: 28689336 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2552-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chinese hamster pulmonary fibroblasts (V79 cells) pre-treated with flax fabrics derived from non-modified or genetically engineered flax fibres and treated with H2O2 revealed a markedly lower level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) than control, non-pre-treated cells. The fabrics were prepared from fibres derived from two kinds of transgenic plants: W92 plants, which overproduce flavonoids, and M type plants, which produce hydroxybutyrate polymer in their vascular bundles and thus in fibres. Incubating the V79 cells with the flax fabrics prior to H2O2 treatment also reduced the amount of DNA damage, as established using the comet assay (also known as alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis) and pulsed-field electrophoresis of intact cellular DNA. Selected gene expression analysis revealed the activator impact of fabrics on the apoptotic (BCL2 family, caspases) gene expression. This promoting activity was also detected for histone acetyltransferase (HAT; MYST2) gene expression. The flax fabric derived from both GM flax plants exhibited a protective effect against oxidative stress and ROS-mediated genotoxic damage, but the W92 fabric was the strongest. It is thus suggested that these fabrics might be useful as a basis for new biomedical products (e.g. wound dressings) that actively protect cells against inflammation and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Skórkowska-Telichowska
- Angiology Department, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Research and Development Centre, Kamienskiego 73a St, 51-124, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kulma
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-137, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gębarowski
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wioleta Wojtasik
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-137, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Kostyn
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-137, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Helena Moreira
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Szyjka
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Boba
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-137, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Preisner
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-137, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Mierziak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-137, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Arendt
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-137, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kostyn
- Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michał Szatkowski
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-137, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jan Szopa
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-137, Wroclaw, Poland.,Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Leszek J, Barreto GE, Gąsiorowski K, Koutsouraki E, Ávila-Rodrigues M, Aliev G. Inflammatory Mechanisms and Oxidative Stress as Key Factors Responsible for Progression of Neurodegeneration: Role of Brain Innate Immune System. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2016; 15:329-36. [PMID: 26831258 DOI: 10.2174/1871527315666160202125914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is characterized by longstanding microglial activation followed by sustained release of inflammatory mediators, which aid in enhanced nitrosative and oxidative stress. The sustained release of inflammatory mediators propels the inflammatory cycle by increased microglial activation, promoting their proliferation and thus stimulating enhanced release of inflammatory factors. Elevated levels of several cytokines and chronic neuroinflammation have been associated with many neurodegenerative disorders of central nervous system like age-related macular degeneration, Alzheimer disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Huntington' disease, and tauopathies. This review highlights the basic mechanisms of neuroinflammation, the characteristics of neurodegenerative diseases, and the main immunologic responses in CNS neurodegenerative disorders. A comprehensive outline for the crucial role of microglia in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration and the role of Toll-like receptor signalling in coexistence of inflammatory mechanisms and oxidative stress as major factors responsible for progression of neurodegeneration have also been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- "GALLY" International Biomedical Research Consulting LLC, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Świątek P, Strzelecka M, Urniaz R, Gębczak K, Gębarowski T, Gąsiorowski K, Malinka W. Synthesis, COX-1/2 inhibition activities and molecular docking study of isothiazolopyridine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 25:316-326. [PMID: 27842798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
One of the main challenges for nowadays medicine is drugs selectivity. In COX-1 and COX-2, the active sites are composed of the same group of amino acids with the exception of the only one residue in position 523, in COX-1 is an isoleucine, while in COX-2 is a valine. Here, we presented a series of isothiazolopyridine/benzisothiazole derivatives substituted differently into an isothiazole ring, which were synthesized and investigated for their potencies to inhibit COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes by colorimetric inhibitor screening assay. All the tested compounds inhibited the activity of COX-1, the effect on COX-2 activity was differential. The mode of binding was characterized by a molecular docking study. Comparing biological activity of the investigated compounds, it was observed that compounds sharing the most similar position to flurbiprofen and meloxicam, representing the two main enzyme subdomains, achieved higher biological activity than others. It is directly related to the fit to the enzyme's active site, which prevents too early dissociation of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Świątek
- Department of Chemistry of Drugs, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Strzelecka
- Department of Chemistry of Drugs, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafal Urniaz
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Rd, CB2 0SP Cambridge, UK
| | - Katarzyna Gębczak
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gębarowski
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Gąsiorowski
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wieslaw Malinka
- Department of Chemistry of Drugs, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Kuć M, Cieślik-Boczula K, Świątek P, Jaszczyszyn A, Gąsiorowski K, Malinka W. FTIR-ATR study of the influence of the pyrimidine analog of fluphenazine on the chain-melting phase transition of sphingomyelin membranes. Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Petrus J, Czarnik-Matusewicz B, Petrus R, Cieślik-Boczula K, Jaszczyszyn A, Gąsiorowski K. Fluphenazine: From an isolated molecule to its interaction with lipid bilayers. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 186:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Barg E, Szopa J, Pesz KA, Gąsiorowski K. Indices of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia are correlated with lymphocyte proneness to apoptosis in obese or overweight low birth weight children. Horm Res Paediatr 2014; 79:293-9. [PMID: 23689125 DOI: 10.1159/000351012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Our aim was to study the relationship between markers of cell proneness to apoptosis and indices of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in children born with low birth weight (LBW). METHODS The study comprised 177 prepubertal children stratified by birth weight and their nutritional status into LBW (n = 138) and normal birth weight (NBW; n = 39) groups. We analyzed DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes, separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), as well as the serum levels of cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting insulin and glucose, caspase 3, and BCL2. RESULTS LBW children with a BMI SDS >1.55 demonstrated increased content of the large fragments of the lymphocyte DNA [300-500 kb (DNA300-500 kb)] in electrophoretic slides (a marker of decreased chromatin stability and susceptibility of cells to apoptosis) compared to the NBW group. In these children the level of DNA300-500 kb exhibited a strong negative correlation with the serum level of antiapoptotic protein of BCL2 (r = -0.901). DNA300-500 kb significantly correlated with calculated indices of insulin resistance: HOMA-IR and QUICKI as well as with the indices of lipid homeostasis (Castelli and AIP). CONCLUSIONS Increased susceptibility of lymphocytes to apoptosis correlated with a higher risk of insulin resistance and lipid disturbance in overweight or obese LBW children. A comprehensive study of the proneness of cells to apoptosis should be implemented to further investigate the pathomechanism of the metabolic syndrome in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Barg
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw Medical University, PL–50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Jaszczyszyn A, Gąsiorowski K, Świątek P, Malinka W, Cieślik-Boczula K, Petrus J, Czarnik-Matusewicz B. Chemical structure of phenothiazines and their biological activity. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 64:16-23. [PMID: 22580516 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70726-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Phenothiazines belong to the oldest, synthetic antipsychotic drugs, which do not have their precursor in the world of natural compounds. Apart from their fundamental neuroleptic action connected with the dopaminergic receptors blockade, phenothiazine derivatives also exert diverse biological activities, which account for their cancer chemopreventive-effect, as: calmodulin- and protein kinase C inhibitory-actions, anti-proliferative effect, inhibition of P-glycoprotein transport function and reversion of multidrug resistance. According to literature data on relations between chemical structure of phenothiazines and their biological effects, the main directions for further chemical modifications have been established. They are provided and discussed in this review paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Jaszczyszyn
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wrocław Medical University, Kochanowskiego 14, PL 51-601 Wrocław, Poland.
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Petrus J, Czarnik-Matusewicz B, Jaszczyszyn A, Gąsiorowski K, Cieślik-Boczula K, Wesołowska O, Michalak K, Świątek P, Malinka W. Influence of fluphenazine dihydrochloride on model dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine membranes and human genotoxically damaged lymphocyte cultures. Curr Issues Pharm Med Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.12923/j.2084-980x/25.3/a.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Sieradzki A, Yendluri BB, Palacios HH, Parvathaneni K, Reddy VP, Obrenovich ME, Gąsiorowski K, Leszek J, Aliev G. Implication of oncogenic signaling pathways as a treatment strategy for neurodegenerative disorders - contemporary approaches. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2011; 10:175-83. [PMID: 21222633 DOI: 10.2174/187152711794480410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has associated the aberrant, proximal re-expression of various cell cycle control elements with neuronal cell vulnerability in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, as a common chronic neurodegeneration. This phenomenon associated with oncogenic transduction pathway activation has attracted the interest of scientists all over the world for a few years now. The purpose of this paper is to outline areas of research related to oncogenic factors or medicines in the context of potential applications for future treatment of the above mentioned chronic and, largely, incurable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Sieradzki
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, 5 K. Bartla Str., 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland
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Palacios HH, Yendluri BB, Parvathaneni K, Shadlinski VB, Obrenovich ME, Leszek J, Gokhman D, Gąsiorowski K, Bragin V, Aliev G. Mitochondrion-specific antioxidants as drug treatments for Alzheimer disease. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2011; 10:149-62. [PMID: 21222631 DOI: 10.2174/187152711794480474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Age-related dementias such as Alzheimer disease (AD) have been linked to vascular disorders like hypertension, diabetes and atherosclerosis. These risk factors cause ischemia, inflammation, oxidative damage and consequently reperfusion, which is largely due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are believed to induce mitochondrial damage. At higher concentrations, ROS can cause cell injury and death which occurs during the aging process, where oxidative stress is incremented due to an accelerated generation of ROS and a gradual decline in cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms. Neuronal mitochondria are especially vulnerable to oxidative stress due to their role in energy supply and use, causing a cascade of debilitating factors such as the production of giant and/or vulnerable young mitochondrion who's DNA has been compromised. Therefore, mitochondria specific antioxidants such as acetyl-L-carnitine and R-alphalipoic acid seem to be potential treatments for AD. They target the factors that damage mitochondria and reverse its effect, thus eliminating the imbalance seen in energy production and amyloid beta oxidation and making these antioxidants very powerful alternate strategies for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector H Palacios
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249-1664, USA
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Skórkowska-Telichowska K, Żuk M, Kulma A, Bugajska-Prusak A, Ratajczak K, Gąsiorowski K, Kostyn K, Szopa J. New dressing materials derived from transgenic flax products to treat long-standing venous ulcers-a pilot study. Wound Repair Regen 2010; 18:168-79. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2010.00578.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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