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Böckelmann B, Esser K. Plasmids of mitochondrial origin in senescent mycelia of Podospora curvicolla. Curr Genet 1986; 10:803-10. [PMID: 3447738 DOI: 10.1007/bf00418526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Podospora curvicolla displays symptoms of senescence similar but not quite identical to those reported for Podospora anserina. In Podospora curvicolla single hyphae may escape from death leading to a new growth front and consequently to a mode of growth characterized by alternating phases of growth and non-growth. Restriction analyses and hybridization experiments have revealed that the Podospora curvicolla type of senescence is correlated with plasmids originating from amplification of a single distinct region of the mitochondrial DNA containing the 1rRNA gene. In the yeast transformation system sequences of this region may function as autonomously replicating sequences (ARS). Plasmids (pl1, pl2 and pl3) isolated from different, independently aged mycelia are largely homologous to each other but differ in their excision/junction sites and have different sizes: 10.85 kb (p11), 9.01 kb (pl2) and 10.50 kb (pl3). The sequence of the most frequently occurring plasmid in ageing strains of Podospora anserina is absent in Podospora curvicolla either as free plasmid DNA or as an integrated part of the mtDNA. Possibly there is a correlation between the absence of this particular sequence in Podospora curvicolla and the type of senescence displayed in this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Böckelmann
- Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Botanik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Federal Republic of Germany
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52
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Steinhilber W, Cummings DJ. A DNA polymerase activity with characteristics of a reverse transcriptase in Podospora anserina. Curr Genet 1986; 10:389-92. [PMID: 2450680 DOI: 10.1007/bf00418411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the filamentous ascomycete fungus Podospora anserina, senescence is associated with dramatic changes of the juvenile mitochondrial genome. During senescence specific regions of the non-senescent genome are excised, ligated and amplified as a plasmid. In this paper, we report our studies on nuclear-mitochondrial extracts for the presence of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity (reverse transcriptase). In so-called middle aged mycelia of race A, we detected a DNA polymerase possessing properties of a reverse transcriptase. It prefers the ribopolymer templates poly(rA)-oligo(dT)12-18 and poly(rCm)-oligo(dG)12-18 over the deoxypolymer template poly(dA)-oligo(dT)12-18. It also uses natural rabbit globin mRNA as a template. The enzymatic activity can clearly be distinguished from a second DNA polymerase activity found in the same extracts of both young and middle aged mycelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Steinhilber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver 80262
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53
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Cummings DJ, MacNeil IA, Domenico J, Matsuura ET. Excision-amplification of mitochondrial DNA during senescence in Podospora anserina. DNA sequence analysis of three unique "plasmids". J Mol Biol 1985; 185:659-80. [PMID: 2997455 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
During senescence in the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina, specific regions of the mitochondrial genome, termed senDNA are excised, ligated and amplified. We have cloned in their entirety three such autonomously replicating plasmids, alpha, beta and epsilon senDNA. None of these plasmids displayed cross-hybridization nor did we detect any significant DNA homology by computer analysis. The complete DNA sequence of the 2.5 kb alpha, the 5.5 kb epsilon and about 3.4 kb of the 9.8 kb beta senDNA is presented (kb = 10(3) base-pairs). These sequences were analyzed for the presence of consensus sequences common to introns, and it was found that alpha senDNA has the characteristics of a group II intron, epsilon senDNA contains three group I introns, and beta senDNA did not show relevant sequences in the 3.4 kb examined. Comparison of the 5' and 3'-flanking sequences of alpha senDNA with oxi 3 (Co I) amino acid sequences from Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed significant homology and provided strong support that the excised alpha senDNA itself consists entirely of an intron. Upstream from the oxi 3 gene a transfer RNA cysteine sequence was detected. beta senDNA contained four tRNA sequences, aspartic acid, serine, valine and tryptophan, and sequences homologous to URFC (untranslated reading frame C) as well as two new URFs. epsilon senDNA contained sequences homologous to ATPase 8 and URFl; URFl was interrupted by three group I introns. The excision site sequences, as located by S1 nuclease mapping were unique for each senDNA. Analysis for repeated units showed that each plasmid contained elements which could be involved in secondary structure required for the alignment of distal ends preparatory to excision. These results are interpreted in terms of the structural requirements of mobile elements including the possible involvement of reverse transcriptase in the excision-ligation-amplification process.
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54
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Despite mtDNA polymorphism the mobile intron (plDNA) of the COI gene is present in ten different races of Podospora anserina. Curr Genet 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00418494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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55
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Kück U, Osiewacz HD, Schmidt U, Kappelhoff B, Schulte E, Stahl U, Esser K. The onset of senescence is affected by DNA rearrangements of a discontinuous mitochondrial gene in Podospora anserina. Curr Genet 1985; 9:373-82. [PMID: 2836091 DOI: 10.1007/bf00421608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mapping and transcription studies have revealed that in Podospora anserina the causative agent of senescence, a mitochondrial plasmid (plDNA), is identical with intron 1 of the discontinuous gene for cytochrome-c-oxidase subunit 1 (COI), which is 2 kpb from the discontinuous gene for cytochrome b (Cytb). A mitochondrial mutant (ex1) devoid of the COI, but not of the Cytb gene provides longevity. A molecular model for the onset of senescence is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Kück
- Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Botanik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Federal Republic of Germany
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56
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57
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Jamet-Vierny C, Begel O, Belcour L. A 20 X 10(3)-base mosaic gene identified on the mitochondrial chromosome of Podospora anserina. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1984; 143:389-94. [PMID: 6468401 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1984.tb08385.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
By DNA sequencing and hybridization experiments we have localized the genes cob and col on the mitochondrial chromosome of Podospora anserina. The positions we have determined for these two genes are different from those previously attributed to them. The presence in the gene col of at least two introns, belonging respectively to class I and II, has been demonstrated. This gene, with a size of about 20 X 10(3) bases, appears to be the longest known mitochondrial mosaic gene.
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58
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Ahne F, Merlos-Lange AM, Lang BF, Wolf K. The mitochondrial genome of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Curr Genet 1984; 8:517-24. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00410438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/1984] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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59
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Natvig DO, May G, Taylor JW. Distribution and evolutionary significance of mitochondrial plasmids in Neurospora spp. J Bacteriol 1984; 159:288-93. [PMID: 6330036 PMCID: PMC215627 DOI: 10.1128/jb.159.1.288-293.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A mitochondrial plasmid line in the fungal genus Neurospora is geographically widely distributed and occurs in isolates of at least two species. On the basis of characterization with restriction endonucleases, it is apparent that plasmids from isolates of Neurospora tetrasperma are more closely related to one another than to an evolutionarily homologous plasmid from Neurospora intermedia; N. tetrasperma plasmids from Surinam and Hawaii differed from one another only slightly by our analysis, whereas the plasmid from N. intermedia (Fiji) exhibited substantial restriction site divergence from all N. tetrasperma plasmids. We believe these observations strengthen the presumption that four-spored isolates of Neurospora spp. represent a natural taxonomic grouping (N. tetrasperma). The plasmids from N. tetrasperma and N. intermedia (Fiji), although clearly related to each other as shown by hybridization studies, exhibited no detectable homology with either of two additional plasmid lines from isolates of Neurospora spp. Nor did they exhibit homology with the mitochondrial genome. Despite this lack of homology among three distinct plasmid lines, all the plasmids may possess a common mode of replication.
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60
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Sederoff
- Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27650, USA
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61
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Goblet JP, Boutry M, Duc G, Briquet M. Mitochondrial plasmid-like molecules in fertile and male sterileVicia faba L. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1983; 2:305-309. [PMID: 24318449 DOI: 10.1007/bf01578591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/1983] [Accepted: 07/11/1983] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical analysis and electron microscopy showed that mitochondria of both the fertile and the male sterile 350 and 447 cytoplasms ofVicia faba. L. contain two small supercoiled DNA molecules of mean length of 1 700 and 1 420 base pairs in addition to the main mitochondrial DNA of high molecular weight. By agarose gel electrophoresis, the male sterile cytoplasm 350 is distinguished from the fertile cytoplasm and from the male sterile cytoplasm 447 by the presence of an additional supercoiled DNA molecule of approximately 1 540 bp.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Goblet
- Centre d'Etude de l'Hérédité Cytoplasmique, Laboratoire d'Enzymologie., Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud, 1, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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62
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63
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Esser K, K�ck U, Stahl U, Tudzynski P. Cloning vectors of mitochondrial origin for eukaryotes: A new concept in genetic engineering. Curr Genet 1983; 7:239-43. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00376068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/1983] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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64
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DNA sequence analysis of the mitochondrial plasmid of Podospora anserinaa. Curr Genet 1983; 7:219-23. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00434893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/1983] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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65
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Wright RM, Cummings DJ. Integration of mitochondrial gene sequences within the nuclear genome during senescence in a fungus. Nature 1983; 302:86-8. [PMID: 6828161 DOI: 10.1038/302086a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence in the ascomycete fungus Podospora anserina is associated with the appearance of an altered mitochondrial genome. Discrete mitochondrial DNA sequences are excised and amplified and isolated as multimerically arranged, head-to-tail repetitions. We have referred to the most frequently observed excision/amplification product as alpha-event senDNA. It is a 2.6-kilobase pair (kbp) monomeric unit (see refs 1, 3, 7) and is often found in senescent mitochondria in conjunction with other excision products. At the final stage of senescence these plasmids constitute virtually all of the DNA present in senescent mitochondria; they have replicated to high copy number at the expense of the young native genome. Because P. anserina is characterized by race-specific timing of senescence (that is, a programme of senescence), we have begun to contrast rapidly and slowly senescing races in terms of senDNA. Here we present evidence that young mitochondria of the rapidly senescing race, A+, possess an extremely high copy number of alpha-event senDNA plasmid in contrast to the more slowly senescing races s+ or s-. Moreover, we observe that during senescence the alpha-event senDNA and the beta-event senDNA (a 9.8-kbp monomer) are transposed to the nucleus and integrated into nuclear DNA. These plasmids contain the coding information for subunits I and III (respectively) of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. This constitutes the first clear evidence for the active mobilization of genetic elements from the mitochondrion to the nucleus.
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66
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Wilkie D, Evans IH, Egilsson V, Diala ES, Collier D. Mitochondria, cell surface, and carcinogenesis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY. SUPPLEMENT 1983; 15:157-189. [PMID: 6343282 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-364376-6.50012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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67
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Molecular Cloning in Heterologous Systems. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-39694-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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68
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Autonomously replicating sequences in young and senescent mitochondrial DNA from Podospora anserina. Curr Genet 1982; 6:173-8. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00390335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/1982] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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69
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70
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Wright RM, Horrum MA, Cummings DJ. Are mitochondrial structural genes selectively amplified during senescence in Podospora anserina? Cell 1982; 29:505-15. [PMID: 6288260 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Genetic and transcriptional maps have been constructed for the mitochondrial genome of the Ascomycete Podospora anserina. These data have been plotted on the restriction maps for Sal I, Xho I, Bam HI, Eco RI, BgI II and Hae III. We have characterized and cloned a new and unique senescent mitochondrial DNA (beta-event senDNA) and have organized all of the recognized senDNAs on the genomic maps. We make the observation that all of the known and characterized senDNAs are derived from specific genes or gene regions of the young mitochondrial genome. We have unambiguously assigned the alpha-event senDNA (the 2.6 kb monomer) to the oxi3 gene locus and the beta-event senDNA to the oxi2 gene locus.
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71
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Vierny C, Keller AM, Begel O, Belcour L. A sequence of mitochondrial DNA is associated with the onset of senescence in a fungus. Nature 1982; 297:157-9. [PMID: 7078631 DOI: 10.1038/297157a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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72
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The genetic basis for the meiotic disorder of Coprinus congregatus. Curr Genet 1982; 5:53-6. [PMID: 24186088 DOI: 10.1007/bf00445741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/1982] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A "pale-mushroom" phenotype in the fungus Coprinus congregatus has previously been reported to be caused by a cytoplasmic, infectious agent that inhibits the formation of synaptonemal complexes. After a period of 5 years of successful extraction of infectious material from carrier homokaryons, infectivity has now been lost and even cytoplasmic contact through somatic fusions no longer transmits the pale phenotype. In attempts to obtain new carrier homokaryons, a genetic analysis has been done. This study demonstrates that the pale phenotype in this species is primarily determined by a nuclear gene, symbolized pal (-). The pale phenotype appears predictably when the dikaryon is homoallelic for the pal (-) allele. Homoallelic wild type (pal (+)) and heteroallelic dikaryons display the dark phenotype. The former infectious nature of the pale phenotype and the current anomalous behavior of one homokaryon is discussed in the context that the pale phenotype may involve both a nuclear gene and a cytoplasmic element under some conditions.
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73
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Wright RM, Laping JL, Horrum MA, Cummings DJ. Mitochondrial DNA from Podospora anserina. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00333790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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74
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Francou F. Isolation and characterization of a linear DNA molecule in the fungus Ascobolus immersus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00352519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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75
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Lazarus CM, K�ntzel H. Anatomy of amplified mitochondrial DNA in ?Ragged? mutants of Aspergillus amstelodami: Excision points within protein genes and a common 215 bp segment containing a possible origin of replication. Curr Genet 1981; 4:99-107. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00365688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/1981] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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