51
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Park JH, Ushida T, Akimoto T. Control of cell differentiation by mechanical stress. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.2.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Behboudi L, Azarbayjani MA, Aghaalinejad H, Salavati M. Effects of aerobic exercise and whole body vibration on glycaemia control in type 2 diabetic males. Asian J Sports Med 2012; 2:83-90. [PMID: 22375223 PMCID: PMC3289205 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.34789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose aerobic exercise has been identified as the main treatment for type 2 diabetic patients. Such an exercise, however, is usually repined by some of patients who suffer from lack of stamina. Therefore, whole body vibration has recently been introduced as a passive intervention. The present study aimed at comparing how aerobic exercise and whole body vibration affect glycaemia control in type 2 diabetic males. Methods Thirty diabetic males were divided into three groups, namely aerobic exercise (AE), whole body vibration (WBV), and control. Aerobic exercise schedule consisted of three walking sessions a week, each for 30-60 minutes and in 60-70% of maximum stock heartbeat. Vibration exercise was composed of 8-12-min stand-up and semi-squat positioning in frequency of 30 Hz and amplitude of 2 mm. Concentrations of fasting glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, and insulin were measured in the beginning of the trial, after the fourth week, and after the eighth week. Results After 8 weeks of exercise, no significant difference was detected in concentrations of fasting glycosylated hemoglobin and insulin between the groups (P=0.83, P=0.12). There were no significant differences in any of the variables between AE and WBV (P>0.05). But a more significant decrease in fasting glucose was observed in exercise groups (AE and WBV) compared with control group (P=0.02). Conclusion The present study showed that AE and WBV identically stimulate metabolic system. Thus, it can be concluded that type 2 diabetic patients lacking stamina for aerobic exercise can opt for vibration exercise as an effective substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lale Behboudi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Azarbayjani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Address: Department of exercise physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Hamid Aghaalinejad
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahyar Salavati
- Iranian Research Centre on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation, Tehran, Iran
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Milburn C, MacCormick K, Bissix G, Murphy R. Disputing the claims for physiological fitness and health adaptations from purposeful training using off-road vehicles. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 112:3451-3; author reply 3455-7. [PMID: 22252249 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-012-2310-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pereira MDO, Pinto NDS, Monteiro MDOB, Santos-Filho SD, Carmo FS, Diniz CL, Marin PJ, Bernardo-Filho M. Influence of whole-body vibration on biodistribution of the radiopharmaceutical [99mTc]methylene diphosphonate in Wistar rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 89:668-72. [PMID: 22849312 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2012.715790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The radionuclide bone scan is the basis of skeletal nuclear medicine imaging. Bone scintigraphy is a highly sensitive method for indicating disease in bone. Mechanical stimulation in the manner of whole-body vibration (WBV) appears beneficial to the maintenance and/or enhancement of skeletal mass in individuals. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of WBV on the biodistribution of the radiopharmaceutical [99mTc]methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) in Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the biodistribution analysis, animals were anesthetized with sodium thiopental, the radiopharmaceutical (99m)Tc-MDP was administered via ocular plexus and after 10 min the animals were submitted to vibration of 20 Hz (1 min) in an oscillatory platform. Following, the animals were sacrificed, the organs were isolated, the radioactivity determined in a well counter, and the percentages of radioactivity per gram (%ATI/g) in the organs were calculated. An unpaired t-test following Welch test (p < 0.05) was done for statistical analysis of the results. RESULTS The biodistribution was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in kidney, bone, lung, stomach, prostate and bowel. CONCLUSION The analysis of the results indicates that the vibration could produce metabolic alterations with influence in the uptake of the radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-MDP in bone, stomach, bowel, prostate, kidney and bladder.
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Changes in postural sway frequency and complexity in altered sensory environments following whole body vibrations. Hum Mov Sci 2012; 31:1238-46. [PMID: 22516837 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies assessing whole body vibration (WBV) have produced largely positive effects, with some neutral, on postural control with frequencies between 25 and 40 Hz. However no conclusive evidence indicates that 25-40 Hz elicits the optimal beneficial effects. To address this issue, a larger range of vibration intensity (10-50 Hz at peak-to-peak amplitudes of 2 and 5mm) was employed while increasing the postural complexity (altered somatosensory and/or visual information) to assess acute effects of 4-min of WBV on postural control. Twelve healthy young adults underwent postural assessment at four time intervals (prior to, immediately following and 10 and 20 min post WBV). Findings revealed both postural sway frequency and sway complexity/regularity were affected by WBV. Baseline posture demonstrated increased sway frequency (p=.04) following WBV with no changes in sway complexity. When the support surface was altered, changes in both the frequency and complexity of sway were elicited (p=.027, .002, respectively). When both somatosensory and visual information were altered delayed improvements in postural control were elicited (p=.05 and .01, for frequency and complexity, respectively). Given the differential acute effects as a function of postural task complexity, future longitudinal studies could determine the overall training effect on sway frequency and complexity.
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Fort A, Romero D, Bagur C, Guerra M. Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Training on Explosive Strength and Postural Control in Young Female Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 26:926-36. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31822e02a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Shoham N, Gefen A. Mechanotransduction in adipocytes. J Biomech 2012; 45:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Belavý DL, Seibel MJ, Roth HJ, Armbrecht G, Rittweger J, Felsenberg D. The effects of bed-rest and countermeasure exercise on the endocrine system in male adults: evidence for immobilization-induced reduction in sex hormone-binding globulin levels. J Endocrinol Invest 2012; 35:54-62. [PMID: 21422800 DOI: 10.3275/7606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM There is limited data on the effects of inactivity (prolonged bed-rest) on parameters of endocrine and metabolic function; we therefore aimed to examine changes in these systems during and after prolonged (56- day) bed-rest in male adults. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twenty healthy male subjects underwent 8 weeks of strict bed-rest and 12 months of follow-up as part of the Berlin Bed Rest Study. Subjects were randomized to an inactive group or a group that performed resistive vibration exercise (RVE) during bed-rest. All outcome parameters were measured before, during and after bed-rest. These included body composition (by whole body dual X-ray absorptiometry), SHBG, testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), PRL, cortisol (C), TSH and free T3 (FT3). RESULTS Serum SHBG levels decreased in inactive subjects but remained unchanged in the RVE group (p<0.001). Serum T concentrations increased during the first 3 weeks of bed-rest in both groups (p<0.0001), while E2 levels sharply rose with re-mobilization (p<0.0001). Serum PRL decreased in the control group but increased in the RVE group (p=0.021). C levels did not change over time (p≥0.10). TSH increased whilst FT3 decreased during bed-rest (p all ≤0.0013). CONCLUSIONS Prolonged bed-rest has significant effects on parameters of endocrine and metabolic function, some of which are related to, or counteracted by physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Belavý
- Charité University Medical School, Center for Muscle and Bone Research, Berlin, Germany.
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60
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Pozo-Cruz BD, Adsuar JC, Parraca JA, Pozo-Cruz JD, Olivares PR, Gusi N. Using Whole-Body Vibration Training in Patients Affected with Common Neurological Diseases: A Systematic Literature Review. J Altern Complement Med 2012; 18:29-41. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2010.0691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Borja del Pozo-Cruz
- Physical Education Department, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Jose C. Adsuar
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Jose A. Parraca
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Evora, Evora, Portugal
| | - Jesús del Pozo-Cruz
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC), University of Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Pedro R. Olivares
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Narcis Gusi
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
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Giunta M, Cardinale M, Agosti F, Patrizi A, Compri E, Rigamonti AE, Sartorio A. Growth hormone-releasing effects of whole body vibration alone or combined with squatting plus external load in severely obese female subjects. Obes Facts 2012; 5:567-74. [PMID: 22922806 DOI: 10.1159/000342066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole body vibration (WBV) has been reported to exert growth hormone(GH)-releasing effects in healthy subjects. Despite the potential of WBV to positively affect body composition changes via lipolytic effects, few studies have been performed in obese subjects to date. METHODS This study evaluated the acute effects of WBV alone or in combination with squatting plus external load (WBV+S) on serum GH levels and blood lactate concentrations in 7 severely obese women (age 22 ± 5 years; BMI 39.9 ± 2.9 kg/m2). RESULTS WBV and WBV+S determined a significant GH increase (mean GH peaks 5.1 ± 1.9 ng/ml, p < 0.001 vs. basal, and 6.5 ± 3.7 ng/ml, p < 0.001 vs. basal, respectively), GH peaks occurring immediately after both exercise sessions. No significant differences were observed between GH peaks and GH net incremental area under the curve (nAUC) after both conditions (p = 0.39 and p = 0.53, respectively), the whole pattern of GH responsiveness being comparable among all the subjects. Lactate concentrations increased after both conditions (mean lactate peaks 2.0 ± 0.5 mmol/l, p < 0.05 vs. basal, and 4.5 ± 2.0 mmol/l, p < 0.001 vs. basal, respectively). The lactate response was significantly higher after WBV+S than after WBV (p < 0.05). Baseline GH and GH peak values positively correlated to baseline lactate and lactate peak concentrations in both conditions (R(2) = 0.64, p < 0.001, and R2 = 0.52, p < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS WBV alone stimulates GH release and lactate production in severely obese female subjects, with no additive effect when combined with squatting plus external load. Further additional studies are required to verify the chronic effects of WBV exercise on the GH/IGF-1 system, which could represent a potentially effective approach for weight management in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Giunta
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche Auxo-endocrinologiche, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Cochrane DJ. Is vibration exercise a useful addition to a weight management program? Scand J Med Sci Sports 2011; 22:705-13. [PMID: 22092513 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vibration exercise (VbX) has received a lot of attention as an exercise modality, which evokes muscular work and elevates metabolic rate that could be a potential method for weight reduction. Popular press has purported that VbX is quick and convenient, and 10 min of VbX is equivalent to 1 h of traditional exercise, where it has been marketed as the new weight-loss and body toning workout. However, research studies have shown that muscle activation occurs but the energy demand in response to VbX is quite low, where exhaustive VbX reported a metabolic demand of 23 mL/kg/min compared with 44 mL/kg/min from an exhaustive cycle test. Different vibration frequencies with varying amplitudes and loads have been tested, but only small increases in metabolic rate have been reported. Based on these findings, it has been indirectly calculated that a VbX session of 26 Hz for three continuous minutes would only incur a loss of ≈ 10.7 g fat/h. Following a 24-week program of VbX, no observed differences were found in body composition, and following 12 months of VbX, the time to reach peak V ˙O2 was significantly higher in conventional exercise compared with VbX. However, one study has reported that percentage body fat decreased by 3.2% after 8 months after VbX in comparison with resistance and control groups that performed no aerobic conditioning. The evidence to date suggests that VbX can increase whole and local oxygen uptake; however, with additional load, high vibration frequency, and/or amplitude, it cannot match the demands of conventional aerobic exercise. Therefore, caution is required when VbX programs are solely used for the purpose of reducing body fat without considering dietary and aerobic conditioning guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Cochrane
- School of Sport & Exercise, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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63
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Sartorio A, Agosti F, De Col A, Marazzi N, Rastelli F, Chiavaroli S, Lafortuna CL, Cella SG, Rigamonti AE. Growth hormone and lactate responses induced by maximal isometric voluntary contractions and whole-body vibrations in healthy subjects. J Endocrinol Invest 2011; 34:216-21. [PMID: 20820130 DOI: 10.1007/bf03347069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast with maximal voluntary resistance exercise, which is allegedly considered a potent GH stimulus in young subjects, evaluation of GH response to whole-body vibrations (WBV) has yielded conflicting results. METHODS The acute effects of WBV alone (test A), maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC) (test B), and combination of WBV and MVC (test C) on serum GH and blood lactate (LA) levels were studied in 9 healthy adult males. Muscle soreness was assessed 24 and 48 h after exercise by a visual analogue scale. RESULTS GH responses were significantly higher after tests B and C than after test A (GH peaks: 18.8 ± 9.5 ng/ml or 20.8 ± 13.7 ng/ml, respectively, vs 4.3 ± 3.5 ng/ml; p<0.05), with no difference between tests B and C. LA concentrations significantly increased after tests A, B, and C, being significantly higher after tests B and C than after test A (LA peaks: 2.0 ± 0.5 mmol/l or 6.7 ± 2.3 mmol/l, respectively, vs 7.6 ± 0.9 mmol/l; p<0.05). Peak LA values were significantly correlated to GH peaks in the 3 tests (r=0.48; p<0.05). Muscle soreness was significantly higher 24-48 h after tests B and C than after test A, no significant differences being present between tests B and C. CONCLUSIONS WBV stimulates GH secretion and LA production, with no additive effect when combined with repeated isometric voluntary contractions. Optimization of protocols based on WBV seems important to maximize the positive effects of this intervention on the somatotropic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche Auxo-endocrinologiche, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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64
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Sartorio A, Lafortuna CL, Maffiuletti NA, Agosti F, Marazzi N, Rastelli F, Rigamonti AE, Muller EE. GH responses to two consecutive bouts of whole body vibration, maximal voluntary contractions or vibration alternated with maximal voluntary contractions administered at 2-h intervals in healthy adults. Growth Horm IGF Res 2010; 20:416-421. [PMID: 20940102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacological or exercise stimuli repeated at a short interval (but not electrical muscle stimulation) are associated with a blunting of GH responsiveness. AIM To compare GH responses to repeated bout of three different GH-releasing stimuli. METHODS The effects of two consecutive bouts (with a 2-h interval) of whole body vibrations (WBV), maximal voluntary contractions alone (MVC), or alternated with WBV (MVC-WBV) on blood GH and lactate (LA) were assessed in nine young males. RESULTS Baseline levels of both GH and LA increased significantly after the first bout of all the tested stimuli, and were significantly lower after WBV than after MVC or MVC alternated with WBV, no difference being detected between these last. The administration of a second bout resulted in significantly lower GH increases than those elicited in the first bout in the three different tests; significantly lower LA responses were recorded after the second bout of MVC and MVC-WBV when compared with those obtained after the first bout, while no significant differences were observed after the two WBV bouts for LA. All responses after the second bout of MVC and MVC-WBV were significantly higher than those observed after WBV alone. GH concentrations were significantly correlated with LA after all stimuli, although LA concentrations after the second bout were associated with markedly lower GH levels. CONCLUSIONS A significant blunting of GH responsiveness ensues after a second bout of different GH-releasing stimuli, independent from the amount of GH released after the first bout. This is a pattern also observed for other pharmacological stimuli and exercise modalities, and suggests a common mechanism underlying different GH-releasing stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Laboratorio Sperimentale di Ricerche Auxo-endocrinologiche, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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Vingren JL, Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA, Anderson JM, Volek JS, Maresh CM. Testosterone Physiology in Resistance Exercise and Training. Sports Med 2010; 40:1037-53. [PMID: 21058750 DOI: 10.2165/11536910-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob L Vingren
- Applied Physiology Laboratories, Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
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66
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Acute and cumulative effects of focused high-frequency vibrations on the endocrine system and muscle strength. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 111:897-904. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Siu PM, Tam BT, Chow DH, Guo JY, Huang YP, Zheng YP, Wong SH. Immediate effects of 2 different whole-body vibration frequencies on muscle peak torque and stiffness. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2010; 91:1608-15. [PMID: 20875522 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2010.07.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 07/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the immediate effects of 2 vibration protocols with different vibration frequencies that yielded the same maximum acceleration (106.75ms(-2)) on muscle peak torque and stiffness of knee extensor and flexor. DESIGN Randomized crossover study with repeated measures. SETTING Laboratory setting. PARTICIPANTS Recreationally active male adults (N=10). INTERVENTION Participants performed 10 bouts of 60-second static half squats intermitted with a 60-second rest period between bouts on a platform with no vibration (control) and a vibration frequency of 26Hz or 40Hz. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Concentric and eccentric peak torques of knee extensor and flexor were examined within 5 minutes before and after vibration by isokinetic test. Young's modulus as an index of tissue stiffness was determined at quadriceps and hamstring pre- and postvibration by using an ultrasound indentation method. RESULTS The 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated a significant interaction effect between vibration and vibration frequency for knee extensor concentric peak torque (P=.003). The vibration-induced changes of knee extensor concentric peak torque in vibration frequency of 26Hz (14.5Nm) and 40Hz (12.0Nm) were found to be significantly greater than that in controls (-29.4Nm) (P<.05). The change in eccentric peak torque of knee flexor after vibration tended to be greater in 26Hz of vibration frequency when compared with controls (26Hz of vibration frequency vs controls: 13.9±7.1 vs -11.4±5.3Nm, P=.08). No statistically significant differences were obtained in tissue stiffness in the quadriceps and hamstring with any of the conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that whole-body vibration at a frequency of 26Hz and 40Hz preclude the decline in concentric peak torque of knee extensor observed after 10 bouts of 60 seconds of static half squats. A change in muscle mechanical stiffness property as induced by whole-body vibration is not supported by our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parco M Siu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, China.
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68
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Vibration as an exercise modality: how it may work, and what its potential might be. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 108:877-904. [PMID: 20012646 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-009-1303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Whilst exposure to vibration is traditionally regarded as perilous, recent research has focussed on potential benefits. Here, the physical principles of forced oscillations are discussed in relation to vibration as an exercise modality. Acute physiological responses to isolated tendon and muscle vibration and to whole body vibration exercise are reviewed, as well as the training effects upon the musculature, bone mineral density and posture. Possible applications in sports and medicine are discussed. Evidence suggests that acute vibration exercise seems to elicit a specific warm-up effect, and that vibration training seems to improve muscle power, although the potential benefits over traditional forms of resistive exercise are still unclear. Vibration training also seems to improve balance in sub-populations prone to fall, such as frail elderly people. Moreover, literature suggests that vibration is beneficial to reduce chronic lower back pain and other types of pain. Other future indications are perceivable.
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Alentorn-Geli E, Moras G, Padilla J, Fernández-Solà J, Bennett RM, Lázaro-Haro C, Pons S. Effect of Acute and Chronic Whole-Body Vibration Exercise on Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor–1 Levels in Women with Fibromyalgia. J Altern Complement Med 2009; 15:573-8. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2008.0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Alentorn-Geli
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, INEF Exercise and Sport Sciences School, University of Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Clinic Medical School, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Moras
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, INEF Exercise and Sport Sciences School, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Joaquim Fernández-Solà
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Clinic Medical School, University of Barcelona, Spain
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert M. Bennett
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR
| | - Cristina Lázaro-Haro
- Department of Research and Postgraduate Studies, INEF Exercise and Sport Sciences School, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastià Pons
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biomedical Research of Barcelona, IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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Prisby RD, Lafage-Proust MH, Malaval L, Belli A, Vico L. Effects of whole body vibration on the skeleton and other organ systems in man and animal models: what we know and what we need to know. Ageing Res Rev 2008; 7:319-29. [PMID: 18762281 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous investigations reported enhanced osseous parameters subsequent to administration of whole body vibration (WBV). While the efficacy of WBV continues to be explored, scientific inquiries should consider several key factors. Bone remodeling patterns differ according to age and hormonal status. Therefore, WBV protocols should be designed specifically for the subject population investigated. Further, administration of WBV to individuals at greatest risk for osteoporosis may elicit secondary physiological benefits (e.g., improved balance and mobility). Secondly, there is a paucity of data in the literature regarding the physiological modulation of WBV on other organ systems and tissues. Vibration-induced modulation of systemic hormones may provide a mechanism by which skeletal tissue is enhanced. Lastly, the most appropriate frequencies, durations, and amplitudes of vibration necessary for a beneficial response are unknown, and the type of vibratory signal (e.g., sinusoidal) is often not reported. This review summarizes the physiological responses of several organ systems in an attempt to link the global influence of WBV. Further, we report findings focused on subject populations that may benefit most from such a therapy (i.e., the elderly, postmenopausal women, etc.) in hopes of eliciting multidisciplinary scientific inquiries into this potentially therapeutic aid which presumably has global ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda D Prisby
- Université Jean-Monnet, INSERM U890, Saint-Etienne F42023, France.
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Erskine J, Smillie I, Leiper J, Ball D, Cardinale M. Neuromuscular and hormonal responses to a single session of whole body vibration exercise in healthy young men. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2007; 27:242-8. [PMID: 17564674 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-097x.2007.00745.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Whole body vibration (WBV) has been proposed as an alternative exercise stimulus to produce adaptive responses similar to resistance exercise. Few studies have analysed acute hormonal responses to WBV. Purpose To evaluate neuromuscular and hormonal responses to an acute bout of isometric half-squat exercise with and without superimposition of WBV. Methods Seven healthy males (22.3+/-2.7 years) performed 10 sets of half squat isometric exercise for 1 min with 1-min rest between sets. Two separate trials were conducted either with WBV [30 Hz; 3.5 g (1 g=9.81 m.s2)] or without vibration (Control). Salivary concentration of testosterone and cortisol was collected and maximal isometric unilateral knee extensions (MVC) were completed before, immediately after, 1, 2 and 24 h after treatment. Results Significant decreases in MVC were observed immediately after (229.4+/-53.2 Nm), 1 h (231.6+/-59.9 Nm), and 2 h (233.0+/-59.1 Nm) after WBV compared with baseline (252.7+/-56.4 Nm; P<0.05). No significant change in MVC was recorded in Control. Rate of torque development in the first 200 ms (RTD200 ms), and salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations were unaffected in both conditions. However, there was a trend for change over time in cortisol (P=0.052), with an increase after WBV and decrease after Control. Conclusion A 10 min session of intermittent WBV was shown to produce an acute reduction in MVC in healthy individuals, which recovered after 24 h. No significant changes were identified in salivary concentration of testosterone and cortisol suggesting that WBV with low acceleration does not represent a stressful stimulus for the neuroendocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Erskine
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, and Olympic Medical Institute, Northwick Park Hospital, Middlesex, UK.
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Cardinale M, Leiper J, Erskine J, Milroy M, Bell S. The acute effects of different whole body vibration amplitudes on the endocrine system of young healthy men: a preliminary study. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2006; 26:380-4. [PMID: 17042906 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-097x.2006.00706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Whole body vibration (WBV) has been suggested as an alternative form of exercise producing adaptive responses similar to that of resistance training. Very limited information is available on the effects of different vibration parameters on anabolic hormones. In this study, we compared the acute effects of different WBV amplitudes on serum testosterone (T) and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Nine healthy young recreationally active adult males (age 22 +/- 2 years, height 181 +/- 6.3 cm, weight 77.4 +/- 9.5 kg) voluntarily participated in this randomized controlled (cross-over design) study. The subjects performed 20 sets of 1 min each of WBV exercise in the following conditions: Non-vibration condition (control), low amplitude vibration [low (30 Hz, 1.5 mm peak-to-peak amplitude)] and high amplitude vibration [high (30 Hz, 3 mm peak-to-peak amplitude)]. Blood samples were collected before, after 10 sets, at the end (20th set) and after 24 h of the exercise bout. WBV exercise did not produce significant changes in serum T and IGF-1 either with low or high amplitude when compared with the control condition. The results of this study demonstrate that a single session of WBV exposure with a frequency of 30 Hz and amplitudes of 1.5 and 3 mm does not noticeably alter serum T and IGF-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cardinale
- Olympic Medical Institute, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK.
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Cardinale M, Wakeling J. Whole body vibration exercise: are vibrations good for you? Br J Sports Med 2005; 39:585-9; discussion 589. [PMID: 16118292 PMCID: PMC1725325 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2005.016857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Whole body vibration has been recently proposed as an exercise intervention because of its potential for increasing force generating capacity in the lower limbs. Its recent popularity is due to the combined effects on the neuromuscular and neuroendocrine systems. Preliminary results seem to recommend vibration exercise as a therapeutic approach for sarcopenia and possibly osteoporosis. This review analyses state of the art whole body vibration exercise techniques, suggesting reasons why vibration may be an effective stimulus for human muscles and providing the rationale for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cardinale
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK.
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