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Expression and putative functions of melatonin receptors in malignant cells and tissues. Wien Med Wochenschr 2014; 164:472-8. [PMID: 25023005 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-014-0289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, the popular hormone of the darkness, is primarily synthesized in the pineal gland, and acts classically through the G-protein coupled plasma membrane melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2, respectively. Although some of the receptor mediated functions of melatonin, especially those on the (central) circadian system, have been more or less clarified, the functional meaning of MT-receptors in various peripheral organs are still not sufficiently investigated yet. There is, however, accumulating evidence for oncostatic effects of melatonin with both, antioxidative and MT-receptor mediated mechanisms possibly playing a role. This review briefly summarizes the physiology of melatonin and MT-receptors, and discusses the expression and function of MT-receptors in human cancer cells and tissues.
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Sturgeon SR, Doherty A, Reeves KW, Bigelow C, Stanczyk FZ, Ockene JK, Liu S, Manson JE, Neuhouser ML. Urinary levels of melatonin and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer: women's health initiative observational cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:629-37. [PMID: 24510738 PMCID: PMC3985556 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results from prospective studies on the association between urinary levels of melatonin and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer have been mixed. Several although not all studies have found lower urinary levels of melatonin in women who developed breast cancer compared with cancer-free women. METHODS We examined the association between urinary levels of melatonin and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women in a case-control study nested in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Cohort. Levels of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin were measured in first morning voids from 258 women who later developed breast cancer and from 515 matched controls. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to calculate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Fully adjusted risk estimates of breast cancer, relative to the lowest quartile level of creatinine-adjusted melatonin, were 1.07 (95% CI, 0.67-1.71), 1.26 (95% CI, 0.79-2.01), and 1.25 (95% CI, 0.78-2.02) for women in the second, third, and highest quartile (Ptrend = 0.27). Comparable results for cases diagnosed less than four years after urinary collection and matched controls were 1.0, 1.25 (95% CI, 0.51-3.06), 1.85 (95% CI, 0.75-4.57), and 1.94 (95% CI, 0.75-5.03; Ptrend = 0.11). Melatonin levels and breast cancer were not associated in cases diagnosed four or more years after urinary collection and matched controls (Ptrend = 0.89). CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence that higher urinary levels of melatonin are inversely associated with breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. IMPACT Accumulating discrepancies in results across studies warrant further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan R. Sturgeon
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Ashley Doherty
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine W. Reeves
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Carol Bigelow
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Frank Z. Stanczyk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Judith K. Ockene
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Medicine, Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Marian L. Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA
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Abstract
: Ulcerative colitis (UC), an inflammatory bowel disease, affects many people across the globe, and its prevalence is increasing steadily. Inflammation and oxidative stress play a vital role in the perpetuation of inflammatory process and the subsequent DNA damage associated with the development of UC. UC induces not only local but also systemic damage, which involves the perturbation of multiple molecular pathways. Furthermore, UC leads to an increased risk of colorectal cancer, the third most common malignancy in humans. Most of the drugs used for the treatment of UC are unsatisfactory because they are generally mono-targeted, relatively ineffective and unaffordable for many people. Thus, agents that can target multiple molecular pathways and are less expensive have enormous potential to treat UC. Melatonin has beneficial effects against UC in experimental and clinical studies because of its ability to modulate several molecular pathways of inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and cellular injury. However, many novel targets are yet to be explored on which melatonin may act to exert its favorable effects in UC. It is time to explore improved intervention strategies with melatonin in UC on the basis of studies investigating different molecular targets using proteomic and genomic approaches. This review identifies various molecular targets for melatonin with the intent of providing novel strategies for combating UC and the associated extraintestinal manifestations of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India
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Jardim-Perassi BV, Arbab AS, Ferreira LC, Borin TF, Varma NRS, Iskander ASM, Shankar A, Ali MM, de Campos Zuccari DAP. Effect of melatonin on tumor growth and angiogenesis in xenograft model of breast cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85311. [PMID: 24416386 PMCID: PMC3887041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As neovascularization is essential for tumor growth and metastasis, controlling angiogenesis is a promising tactic in limiting cancer progression. Melatonin has been studied for their inhibitory properties on angiogenesis in cancer. We performed an in vivo study to evaluate the effects of melatonin treatment on angiogenesis in breast cancer. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay after melatonin treatment in triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). After, cells were implanted in athymic nude mice and treated with melatonin or vehicle daily, administered intraperitoneally 1 hour before turning the room light off. Volume of the tumors was measured weekly with a digital caliper and at the end of treatments animals underwent single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with Technetium-99m tagged vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) C to detect in vivo angiogenesis. In addition, expression of pro-angiogenic/growth factors in the tumor extracts was evaluated by membrane antibody array and collected tumor tissues were analyzed with histochemical staining. Melatonin in vitro treatment (1 mM) decreased cell viability (p<0.05). The breast cancer xenografts nude mice treated with melatonin showed reduced tumor size and cell proliferation (Ki-67) compared to control animals after 21 days of treatment (p<0.05). Expression of VEGF receptor 2 decreased significantly in the treated animals compared to that of control when determined by immunohistochemistry (p<0.05) but the changes were not significant on SPECT (p>0.05) images. In addition, there was a decrease of micro-vessel density (Von Willebrand Factor) in melatonin treated mice (p<0.05). However, semiquantitative densitometry analysis of membrane array indicated increased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and insulin-like growth factor 1 in treated tumors compared to vehicle treated tumors (p<0.05). In conclusion, melatonin treatment showed effectiveness in reducing tumor growth and cell proliferation, as well as in the inhibition of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Victorasso Jardim-Perassi
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Investigação Molecular no Câncer, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ali S. Arbab
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Lívia Carvalho Ferreira
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Investigação Molecular no Câncer, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaiz Ferraz Borin
- Laboratório de Investigação Molecular no Câncer, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadimpalli R. S. Varma
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - A. S. M. Iskander
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Adarsh Shankar
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Meser M. Ali
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Debora Aparecida Pires de Campos Zuccari
- Laboratório de Investigação Molecular no Câncer, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Korkmaz A, Rosales-Corral SA. Melatonin and stable circadian rhythms optimize maternal, placental and fetal physiology. Hum Reprod Update 2013; 20:293-307. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmt054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Bizzarri M, Proietti S, Cucina A, Reiter RJ. Molecular mechanisms of the pro-apoptotic actions of melatonin in cancer: a review. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:1483-96. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.834890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Reiter RJ, Rosales-Corral SA, Manchester LC, Tan DX. Peripheral reproductive organ health and melatonin: ready for prime time. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:7231-72. [PMID: 23549263 PMCID: PMC3645684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14047231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin has a wide variety of beneficial actions at the level of the gonads and their adnexa. Some actions are mediated via its classic membrane melatonin receptors while others seem to be receptor-independent. This review summarizes many of the published reports which confirm that melatonin, which is produced in the ovary, aids in advancing follicular maturation and preserving the integrity of the ovum prior to and at the time of ovulation. Likewise, when ova are collected for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer, treating them with melatonin improves implantation and pregnancy rates. Melatonin synthesis as well as its receptors have also been identified in the placenta. In this organ, melatonin seems to be of particular importance for the maintenance of the optimal turnover of cells in the villous trophoblast via its ability to regulate apoptosis. For male gametes, melatonin has also proven useful in protecting them from oxidative damage and preserving their viability. Incubation of ejaculated animal sperm improves their motility and prolongs their viability. For human sperm as well, melatonin is also a valuable agent for protecting them from free radical damage. In general, the direct actions of melatonin on the gonads and adnexa of mammals indicate it is an important agent for maintaining optimal reproductive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; E-Mails: (S.A.R.-C.); (L.C.M.); (D.-X.T.)
| | - Sergio A. Rosales-Corral
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; E-Mails: (S.A.R.-C.); (L.C.M.); (D.-X.T.)
| | - Lucien C. Manchester
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; E-Mails: (S.A.R.-C.); (L.C.M.); (D.-X.T.)
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; E-Mails: (S.A.R.-C.); (L.C.M.); (D.-X.T.)
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Di Bella G, Mascia F, Gualano L, Di Bella L. Melatonin anticancer effects: review. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:2410-30. [PMID: 23348932 PMCID: PMC3587994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14022410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, MLT), the main hormone produced by the pineal gland, not only regulates circadian rhythm, but also has antioxidant, anti-ageing and immunomodulatory properties. MLT plays an important role in blood composition, medullary dynamics, platelet genesis, vessel endothelia, and in platelet aggregation, leukocyte formula regulation and hemoglobin synthesis. Its significant atoxic, apoptotic, oncostatic, angiogenetic, differentiating and antiproliferative properties against all solid and liquid tumors have also been documented. Thanks, in fact, to its considerable functional versatility, MLT can exert both direct and indirect anticancer effects in factorial synergy with other differentiating, antiproliferative, immunomodulating and trophic molecules that form part of the anticancer treatment formulated by Luigi Di Bella (Di Bella Method, DBM: somatostatin, retinoids, ascorbic acid, vitamin D3, prolactin inhibitors, chondroitin-sulfate). The interaction between MLT and the DBM molecules counters the multiple processes that characterize the neoplastic phenotype (induction, promotion, progression and/or dissemination, tumoral mutation). All these particular characteristics suggest the use of MLT in oncological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Bella
- Di Bella Foundation, Via Guglielmo Marconi 51, Bologna 40122, Italy.
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