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Wang JS, Wang YG, Zhong YS, Li XD, Du SX, Xie P, Zheng GZ, Han JM. Identification of co-expression modules and pathways correlated with osteosarcoma and its metastasis. World J Surg Oncol 2019; 17:46. [PMID: 30849987 PMCID: PMC6408756 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-019-1587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is the most common bone tumor that occurs in children. METHODS To identify co-expression modules and pathways correlated with osteosarcoma and its clinical characteristics, we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) on RNA-seq data of osteosarcoma with 52 samples. Then we performed pathway enrichment analysis on genes from significant modules. RESULTS A total of 5471 genes were included in WGCNA, and 16 modules were identified. Module-trait analysis identified that a module involved in microtubule bundle formation, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, and IL-17 signaling pathway was negatively correlated with osteosarcoma and positively correlated with metastasis; a module involved in DNA replication was positively correlated with osteosarcoma; a module involved in cell junction was positively correlated with metastasis; and a module involved in heparin binding negatively correlated with osteosarcoma. Moreover, expression levels in four of the top ten differentially expressed genes were validated in another independent dataset. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis might provide insight for molecular mechanisms of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-sheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Ward II, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000 China
| | - Yun-guo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211 China
| | - Yong-sheng Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shenzhen, 518000 China
| | - Xue-dong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000 China
| | - Shi-xin Du
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000 China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000 China
| | - Gui-zhou Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518000 China
| | - Jing-ming Han
- Department of Orthopedics Ward II, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000 China
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52
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Otero CE, Noeker JA, Brown MM, Wavreil FDM, Harvey WA, Mitchell KA, Heggland SJ. Electronic cigarette liquid exposure induces flavor-dependent osteotoxicity and increases expression of a key bone marker, collagen type I. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:888-898. [PMID: 30690755 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are nicotine delivery devices advertised as a healthier alternative to conventional tobacco products, but their rapid rise in popularity outpaces research on potential health consequences. As conventional tobacco use is a risk factor for osteoporosis, this study examines whether exposure to electronic liquid (e-liquid) used in e-cigarettes affects bone-forming osteoblasts. Human MG-63 and Saos-2 osteoblast-like cells were treated for 48 hours with 0.004%-4.0% dilutions of commercially available e-liquids of various flavors with or without nicotine. Changes in cell viability and key osteoblast markers, runt-related transcription factor 2 and Col1a1, were assessed. With all e-liquids tested, cell viability decreased in a dose-dependent manner, which was least pronounced in flavorless e-liquids, most pronounced in cinnamon-flavored e-liquids and occurred independently of nicotine. Col1a1, but not runt-related transcription factor 2, mRNA expression was upregulated in response to coffee-flavored and fruit-flavored e-liquids. Cells treated with a non-cytotoxic concentration of fruit-flavored Mango Blast e-liquid with or without nicotine showed significantly increased collagen type I protein expression compared to culture medium only. We conclude that the degree of osteotoxicity is flavor-dependent and occurs independently of nicotine and that flavored e-liquids reveal collagen type I as a potential target in osteoblasts. This study elucidates potential consequences of e-cigarette use in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Otero
- Department of Biology, The College of Idaho, 2112 Cleveland Blvd, Caldwell, ID, 83605, USA
| | - Jacob A Noeker
- Department of Biology, The College of Idaho, 2112 Cleveland Blvd, Caldwell, ID, 83605, USA
| | - Mary M Brown
- Department of Biology, The College of Idaho, 2112 Cleveland Blvd, Caldwell, ID, 83605, USA
| | - Florence D M Wavreil
- Department of Biology, The College of Idaho, 2112 Cleveland Blvd, Caldwell, ID, 83605, USA
| | - Wendy A Harvey
- Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Kristen A Mitchell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, 83725, USA
| | - Sara J Heggland
- Department of Biology, The College of Idaho, 2112 Cleveland Blvd, Caldwell, ID, 83605, USA
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53
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Ghiacci G, Lumetti S, Manfredi E, Mori D, Macaluso GM, Sala R. Stanozolol promotes osteogenic gene expression and apposition of bone mineral in vitro. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 27:e20180014. [PMID: 30427473 PMCID: PMC6223784 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stanozolol (ST) is a synthetic androgen with high anabolic potential. Although it is known that androgens play a positive role in bone metabolism, ST action on bone cells has not been sufficiently tested to support its clinical use for bone augmentation procedures. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of ST on osteogenic activity and gene expression in SaOS-2 cells. Material and Methods: SaOS-2 deposition of mineralizing matrix in response to increasing doses of ST (0-1000 nM) was evaluated through Alizarin Red S and Calcein Green staining techniques at 6, 12 and 24 days. Gene expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), vitamin D receptor (VDR), osteopontin (SPP1) and osteonectin (ON) was analyzed by RT-PCR. Results: ST significantly influenced SaOS-2 osteogenic activity: stainings showed the presence of rounded calcified nodules, which increased both in number and in size over time and depending on ST dose. RT-PCR highlighted ST modulation of genes related to osteogenic differentiation. Conclusions: This study provided encouraging results, showing ST promoted the osteogenic commitment of SaOS-2 cells. Further studies are required to validate these data in primary osteoblasts and to investigate ST molecular pathway of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ghiacci
- Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Parma. Italy. Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Parma. Italy
| | - Simone Lumetti
- Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Parma. Italy. Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Parma. Italy
| | - Edoardo Manfredi
- Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Parma. Italy. Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Parma. Italy
| | - Daniele Mori
- Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Unità di Patologia Generale, Parma. Italy
| | - Guido Maria Macaluso
- Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Parma. Italy. Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Parma. Italy.,Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo (IMEM) - CNR, Parma. Italy
| | - Roberto Sala
- Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Unità di Patologia Generale, Parma. Italy
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54
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Solomon LB, Kitchen D, Anderson PH, Yang D, Starczak Y, Kogawa M, Perilli E, Smitham PJ, Rickman MS, Thewlis D, Atkins GJ. Time dependent loss of trabecular bone in human tibial plateau fractures. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:2865-2875. [PMID: 29786151 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated if time between injury and surgery affects cancellous bone properties in patients suffering tibial plateau fractures (TPF), in terms of structural integrity and gene expression controlling bone loss. A cohort of 29 TPF, operated 1-17 days post-injury, had biopsies from the fracture and an equivalent contralateral limb site, at surgery. Samples were assessed using micro-computed tomography and real-time RT-PCR analysis for the expression of genes known to be involved in bone remodeling and fracture healing. Significant decreases in the injured vs control side were observed for bone volume fraction (BV/TV, -13.5 ± 6.0%, p = 0.011), trabecular number (Tb.N, -10.5 ± 5.9%, p = 0.041) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th, -4.6 ± 2.5%, p = 0.033). Changes in these parameters were more evident in patients operated 5-17 days post-injury, compared to those operated in the first 4 days post-injury. A significant negative association was found between Tb.Th (r = -0.54, p < 0.01) and BV/TV (r = -0.39, p < 0.05) in relation to time post-injury in the injured limb. Both BV/TV and Tb.Th were negatively associated with expression of key molecular markers of bone resorption, CTSK, ACP5, and the ratio of RANKL:OPG mRNA. These structure/gene expression relationships did not exist in the contralateral tibial plateau of these patients. This study demonstrated that there is a significant early time-dependent bone loss in the proximal tibia after TPF. This bone loss was significantly associated with altered expression of genes typically involved in the process of osteoclastic bone resorption but possibly also bone resorption by osteocytes. The mechanism of early bone loss in such fractures should be a subject of further investigation. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2865-2875, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian B Solomon
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,Orthopaedic and Trauma Service, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - David Kitchen
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,Orthopaedic and Trauma Service, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Paul H Anderson
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Dongqing Yang
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Yolandi Starczak
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Masakazu Kogawa
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Egon Perilli
- The Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Peter J Smitham
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,Orthopaedic and Trauma Service, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Mark S Rickman
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.,Orthopaedic and Trauma Service, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Dominic Thewlis
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Gerald J Atkins
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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55
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Long-chain polyphosphate in osteoblast matrix vesicles: Enrichment and inhibition of mineralization. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1863:199-209. [PMID: 30312769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is a fundamental and ubiquitous molecule in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. PolyP has been found in mammalian tissues with particularly high levels of long-chain polyP in bone and cartilage where critical questions remain as to its localization and function. Here, we investigated polyP presence and function in osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells and cell-derived matrix vesicles (MVs), the initial sites of bone mineral formation. METHODS PolyP was quantified by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorescence and characterized by enzymatic methods coupled to urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy were used to investigate polyP localization. A chicken embryo cartilage model was used to investigate the effect of polyP on mineralization. RESULTS PolyP increased in concentration as SaOS-2 cells matured and mineralized. Particularly high levels of polyP were observed in MVs. The average length of MV polyP was determined to be longer than 196 Pi residues by gel chromatography. Electron micrographs of MVs, stained by two polyP-specific staining approaches, revealed polyP localization in the vicinity of the MV membrane. Additional extracellular polyP binds to MVs and inhibits MV-induced hydroxyapatite formation. CONCLUSION PolyP is highly enriched in matrix vesicles and can inhibit apatite formation. PolyP may be hydrolysed to phosphate for further mineralization in the extracellular matrix. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE PolyP is a unique yet underappreciated macromolecule which plays a critical role in extracellular mineralization in matrix vesicles.
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56
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Mohamed Hassan Y, Massa L, Caviglia C, Sylvest Keller S. Electrochemical Monitoring of Saos-2 Cell Differentiation on Pyrolytic Carbon Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Mohamed Hassan
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Leonardo Massa
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Claudia Caviglia
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Stephan Sylvest Keller
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
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57
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Makino A, Takagi H, Takahashi Y, Hase N, Sugiyama H, Yamana K, Kobayashi T. Abaloparatide Exerts Bone Anabolic Effects with Less Stimulation of Bone Resorption-Related Factors: A Comparison with Teriparatide. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 103:289-297. [PMID: 29725706 PMCID: PMC6105163 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0422-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abaloparatide (ABL) is a novel synthetic peptide analog of parathyroid hormone-related protein. In previous reports, intermittent ABL administration showed robust bone mineral density (BMD) increase and reduced the incidence of fractures in patients with osteoporosis, while its calcemic effect was reduced, as compared with teriparatide (TPTD), a parathyroid hormone N-terminal fragment. The present study aimed to elucidate the effects of ABL on bone anabolism and bone turnover as compared with TPTD. In ovariectomized (OVX) rats, ABL increased the bone strength and BMD of lumbar spine by intermittent administration similar to TPTD. Both ABL and TPTD increased the bone formation marker serum P1NP with little effect on the bone resorption maker urine DPD/Cr, suggesting anabolic effects on bone. In human osteoblastic cells, both peptides increased the expression of bone resorption-related factors such as RANKL/OPG and M-CSF, and the effects of ABL were significantly attenuated as compared with those of TPTD under transient 6-h treatment, although no significant differences were found under continuous treatment. In contrast, ABL and TPTD similarly promoted the expression of bone formation-related factors, IGF-1 and osteocalcin. In addition, there were no significant differences in the effects on WNT signaling inhibitors such as sclerostin and dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) between the two peptides. These results demonstrate that ABL exerts bone anabolic effects in OVX rats. It is also indicated that ABL stimulates the expression of RANKL/OPG and M-CSF less than TPTD, while showing similar effects on bone formation-related factors and WNT signaling inhibitors in vitro. The profile of ABL indicates that it would be a suitable bone anabolic agent for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Makino
- Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hideko Takagi
- Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Hase
- Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugiyama
- Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Yamana
- Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsunefumi Kobayashi
- Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
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58
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Borghi FF, Bean PA, Evans MDM, van der Laan T, Kumar S, Ostrikov K. Nanostructured Graphene Surfaces Promote Different Stages of Bone Cell Differentiation. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2018; 10:47. [PMID: 30393696 PMCID: PMC6199093 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-018-0198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured graphene films were used as platforms for the differentiation of Saos-2 cells into bone-like cells. The films were grown using the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition method, which allowed the production of both vertically and horizontally aligned carbon nanowalls (CNWs). Modifications of the technique allowed control of the density of the CNWs and their orientation after the transfer process. The influence of two different topographies on cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation was investigated. First, the transferred graphene surfaces were shown to be noncytotoxic and were able to support cell adhesion and growth for over 7 days. Second, early cell differentiation (identified by cellular alkaline phosphatase release) was found to be enhanced on the horizontally aligned CNW surfaces, whereas mineralization (identified by cellular calcium production), a later stage of bone cell differentiation, was stimulated by the presence of the vertical CNWs on the surfaces. These results show that the graphene coatings, grown using the presented method, are biocompatible. And their topographies have an impact on cell behavior, which can be useful in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Borghi
- Plasma Nanoscience, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, P.O. Box 52, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia
- Brazilian Centre for Physics Research (CBPF), Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud - 150, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 22290180, Brazil
| | - P A Bean
- CSIRO Manufacturing, P.O. Box 52, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia
| | - M D M Evans
- CSIRO Manufacturing, P.O. Box 52, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia
| | - T van der Laan
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- CSIRO-QUT Joint Sustainable Processes and Devices Laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, NSW, 2070, Australia
| | - S Kumar
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- CSIRO-QUT Joint Sustainable Processes and Devices Laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, NSW, 2070, Australia
| | - K Ostrikov
- Plasma Nanoscience, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
- CSIRO-QUT Joint Sustainable Processes and Devices Laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, NSW, 2070, Australia.
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59
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Budyn E, Gaci N, Sanders S, Bensidhoum M, Schmidt E, Cinquin B, Tauc P, Petite H. Human Stem Cell Derived Osteocytes in Bone-on-Chip. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1557/adv.2018.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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60
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Chouirfa H, Evans MDM, Bean P, Saleh-Mghir A, Crémieux AC, Castner DG, Falentin-Daudré C, Migonney V. Grafting of Bioactive Polymers with Various Architectures: A Versatile Tool for Preparing Antibacterial Infection and Biocompatible Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:1480-1491. [PMID: 29266919 PMCID: PMC5800312 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this Research Article is to present three different techniques of poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) (polyNaSS) covalent grafting onto titanium (Ti) surfaces and study the influence of their architecture on biological response. Two of them are "grafting from" techniques requiring an activation step either by thermal or UV irradiation. The third method is a "grafting to" technique involving an anchorage molecule onto which polyNaSS synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is clicked. The advantage of the "grafting to" technique when compared to the "grafting from" technique is the ability to control the architecture and length of the grafted polymers on the Ti surface and their influence on the biological responses. This investigation compares the effect of the three different grafting processes on the in vitro biological responses of bacteria and osteoblasts. Overall outcomes of this investigation confirmed the significance of the sulfonate functional groups on the biological responses, regardless of the grafting method. In addition, results showed that the architecture and distribution of grafted polyNaSS on Ti surfaces alter the intensity of the bacteria response mediated by fibronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Chouirfa
- LBPS/CSPBAT, UMR CNRS 7244, Institut Galilée, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 99 avenue JB Clément, 93340 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Margaret D. M. Evans
- CSIRO Biomedical Materials Manufacturing Program, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Penny Bean
- CSIRO Biomedical Materials Manufacturing Program, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Azzam Saleh-Mghir
- Département de Médecine Aigüe Spécialisée, Hôpital Universitaire Raymond-Poincaré, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Garches, and UMR 1173, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Île-de-France Ouest, Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin, Versailles, France
| | - Anne Claude Crémieux
- Département de Médecine Aigüe Spécialisée, Hôpital Universitaire Raymond-Poincaré, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Garches, and UMR 1173, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Île-de-France Ouest, Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin, Versailles, France
| | - David G. Castner
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1653
| | - Céline Falentin-Daudré
- LBPS/CSPBAT, UMR CNRS 7244, Institut Galilée, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 99 avenue JB Clément, 93340 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Véronique Migonney
- LBPS/CSPBAT, UMR CNRS 7244, Institut Galilée, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 99 avenue JB Clément, 93340 Villetaneuse, France
- Corresponding author. , LBPS/CSPBAT, UMR CNRS 7244, Institut Galilée, Université Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris Cité, 99 avenue JB Clément 93340-Villetaneuse, France
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Qin J, Yang D, Maher S, Lima-Marques L, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Atkins GJ, Losic D. Micro- and nano-structured 3D printed titanium implants with a hydroxyapatite coating for improved osseointegration. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:3136-3144. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb03251j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
3D printing technology combined with electrochemical nano-structuring and HA modification is a promising approach for the fabrication of Ti implants with improved osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qin
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- Australia
- Departments of Dental Implantology
- School and Hospital of Stomatology
| | - Dongqing Yang
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research
- Adelaide Medical School
- Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma
- The University of Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Shaheer Maher
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- Australia
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Assiut University
| | - Luis Lima-Marques
- The Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing
- The University of Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Departments of Dental Implantology
- School and Hospital of Stomatology
- Jilin University
- China
| | - Yujie Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Gerald J. Atkins
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research
- Adelaide Medical School
- Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma
- The University of Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of Adelaide
- Australia
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62
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Maher S, Kaur G, Lima-Marques L, Evdokiou A, Losic D. Engineering of Micro- to Nanostructured 3D-Printed Drug-Releasing Titanium Implants for Enhanced Osseointegration and Localized Delivery of Anticancer Drugs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:29562-29570. [PMID: 28820570 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Primary and secondary bone cancers are major causes of pathological bone fractures which are usually treated through implant fixation and chemotherapy. However, both approaches face many limitations. On one hand, implants may suffer from poor osseointegration, and their rejection results in repeated surgery, patient's suffering, and extensive expenses. On the other hand, there are severe systemic adverse effects of toxic chemotherapeutics which are administrated systemically. In this paper, in order to address these two problems, we present a new type of localized drug-releasing titanium implants with enhanced implants' biointegration and drug release capabilities that could provide a high concentration of anticancer drugs locally to treat bone cancers. The implants are fabricated by 3D printing of Ti alloy followed by an anodization process featuring unique micro- (particles) and nanosurface (tubular arrays) topography. We successfully demonstrate their enhanced bone osseointegration and drug loading capabilities using two types of anticancer drugs, doxorubicin (DOX) and apoptosis-inducing ligand (Apo2L/TRAIL). In vitro study showed strong anticancer efficacy against cancer cells (MDA-MB-231-TXSA), confirming that these drug-releasing implants can be used for localized chemotherapy for treatment of primary and secondary bone cancers together with fracture support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheer Maher
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University , 71526 Assiut, Egypt
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63
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Meng X, Zhao Y, Wang J, Gao Z, Geng Q, Liu X. Regulatory roles of miRNA-758 and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein in cervical cancer. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2789-2794. [PMID: 28928798 PMCID: PMC5590035 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the role and underlying mechanism of miRNA-758 (miR-758) expression in cancer tissues, blood and cervical exfoliated cells from patients with cervical cancer. A total of 49 patients with cervical cancer and 26 healthy people for cervical cancer screening were included in the present study. The patients with cervical cancer were treated with resection, and the tumor and adjacent tissues, blood and cervical exfoliated cells were collected. The expression levels of miR-758 and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) mRNA in each sample were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, western blot analysis was used to detect the MEPE protein in tumor tissues, while ELISA was applied to detect the MEPE protein expression in the blood and cervical exfoliated cells. Compared with the normal control, MEPE mRNA expression was upregulated in cervical cancer tissues, blood and cervical exfoliated cells. At the protein level, MEPE was also upregulated significantly in patients with cervical cancer. miR-758 expression was decreased significantly in cervical cancer tissues, blood and cervical exfoliated cells (P<0.05), which was opposite to the trend observed for MEPE mRNA expression. Furthermore, MEPE expression was increased in the tumor tissue, blood and cervical exfoliated cells of cervical cancer patients, which was associated to the downregulated miR-758. Therefore, miR-758 may regulate the infiltration and invasion of cervical cancer by targeting MEPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Meng
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Laiwu City People's Hospital, Laiwu, Shandong 271199, P.R. China
| | - Yinghui Zhao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Laiwu City People's Hospital, Laiwu, Shandong 271199, P.R. China
| | - Jinyun Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Laiwu City People's Hospital, Laiwu, Shandong 271199, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Gao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Laiwu City People's Hospital, Laiwu, Shandong 271199, P.R. China
| | - Qingxia Geng
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Laiwu Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Laiwu, Shandong 271100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Laiwu City People's Hospital, Laiwu, Shandong 271199, P.R. China
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Gao S, Shen J, Hornicek F, Duan Z. Three-dimensional (3D) culture in sarcoma research and the clinical significance. Biofabrication 2017; 9:032003. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa7fdb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Grafting of architecture controlled poly(styrene sodium sulfonate) onto titanium surfaces using bio-adhesive molecules: Surface characterization and biological properties. Biointerphases 2017; 12:02C418. [PMID: 28614950 DOI: 10.1116/1.4985608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This contribution reports on grafting of bioactive polymers such as poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) (polyNaSS) onto titanium (Ti) surfaces. This grafting process uses a modified dopamine as an anchor molecule to link polyNaSS to the Ti surface. The grafting process combines reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, postpolymerization modification, and thiol-ene chemistry. The first step in the process is to synthetize architecture controlled polyNaSS with a thiol end group. The second step is the adhesion of the dopamine acrylamide (DA) anchor onto the Ti surfaces. The last step is grafting polyNaSS to the DA-modified Ti surfaces. The modified dopamine anchor group with its bioadhesive properties is essential to link bioactive polymers to the Ti surface. The polymers are characterized by conventional methods (nuclear magnetic resonance, size exclusion chromatography, and attenuated total reflection-Fourier-transformed infrared), and the grafting is characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. To illustrate the biocompatibility of the grafted Ti-DA-polyNaSS surfaces, their interactions with proteins (albumin and fibronectin) and cells are investigated. Both albumin and fibronectin are readily adsorbed onto Ti-DA-polyNaSS surfaces. The biocompatibility of modified Ti-DA-polyNaSS and control ungrafted Ti surfaces is tested using human bone cells (Saos-2) in cell culture for cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. This study presents a new, simple way to graft bioactive polymers onto Ti surfaces using a catechol intermediary with the aim of demonstrating the biocompatibility of these size controlled polyNaSS grafted surfaces.
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Goonoo N, Khanbabaee B, Steuber M, Bhaw-Luximon A, Jonas U, Pietsch U, Jhurry D, Schönherr H. κ-Carrageenan Enhances the Biomineralization and Osteogenic Differentiation of Electrospun Polyhydroxybutyrate and Polyhydroxybutyrate Valerate Fibers. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1563-1573. [PMID: 28346782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Novel electrospun materials for bone tissue engineering were obtained by blending biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) or polyhydroxybutyrate valerate (PHBV) with the anionic sulfated polysaccharide κ-carrageenan (κ-CG) in varying ratios. In both systems, the two components phase separated as shown by FTIR, DSC and TGA. According to the contact angle data, κ-CG was localized preferentially at the fiber surface in PHBV/κ-CG blends in contrast to PHB/κ-CG, where the biopolymer was mostly found within the fiber. In contrast to the neat polyester fibers, the blends led to the formation of much smaller apatite crystals (800 nm vs 7 μm). According to the MTT assay, NIH3T3 cells grew in higher density on the blend mats in comparison to neat polyester mats. The osteogenic differentiation potential of the fibers was determined by SaOS-2 cell culture for 2 weeks. Alizarin red-S staining suggested an improved mineralization on the blend fibers. Thus, PHBV/κ-CG fibers resulted in more pronounced bioactive and osteogenic properties, including fast apatite-forming ability and deposition of nanosized apatite crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nowsheen Goonoo
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Biology & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen , 57076 Siegen, Germany.,Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, University of Mauritius , MSIRI Building, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Behnam Khanbabaee
- Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, University of Siegen , 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Marc Steuber
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Biology & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen , 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Archana Bhaw-Luximon
- Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, University of Mauritius , MSIRI Building, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Ulrich Jonas
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen , 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Ullrich Pietsch
- Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, University of Siegen , 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Dhanjay Jhurry
- Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, University of Mauritius , MSIRI Building, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Biology & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen , 57076 Siegen, Germany
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Gulati K, Prideaux M, Kogawa M, Lima-Marques L, Atkins GJ, Findlay DM, Losic D. Anodized 3D-printed titanium implants with dual micro- and nano-scale topography promote interaction with human osteoblasts and osteocyte-like cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:3313-3325. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karan Gulati
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Adelaide; SA 5005 Australia
| | - Matthew Prideaux
- Discipline of Orthopaedics & Trauma; University of Adelaide; SA 5005 Australia
| | - Masakazu Kogawa
- Discipline of Orthopaedics & Trauma; University of Adelaide; SA 5005 Australia
| | - Luis Lima-Marques
- The Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing; University of Adelaide; SA 5005 Australia
| | - Gerald J. Atkins
- Discipline of Orthopaedics & Trauma; University of Adelaide; SA 5005 Australia
| | - David M. Findlay
- Discipline of Orthopaedics & Trauma; University of Adelaide; SA 5005 Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Adelaide; SA 5005 Australia
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Rudnick-Glick S, Corem-Salkmon E, Grinberg I, Margel S. Targeted drug delivery of near IR fluorescent doxorubicin-conjugated poly(ethylene glycol) bisphosphonate nanoparticles for diagnosis and therapy of primary and metastatic bone cancer in a mouse model. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:80. [PMID: 27919267 PMCID: PMC5139040 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0233-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most primary and metastatic bone tumors demonstrate increased osteoclast activity and bone resorption. Current treatment is based on a combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Severe side effects are associated with chemotherapy due to use of high dosage and nonspecific uptake. Bisphosphonates have a strong affinity to Ca2+ ions and are widely used in the treatment of bone disorders. RESULTS We have engineered a unique biodegradable bisphosphonate nanoparticle (NPs) bearing two functional surface groups: (1) primary amine groups for covalent attachment of a dye/drug (e.g. NIR dye Cy 7 or doxorubicin); (2) bisphosphonate groups for targeting and chelation to bone hydroxyapatite. In addition, these engineered NPs contain high polyethyleneglycol (PEG) concentration in order to increase their blood half life time. In vitro experiments on Saos-2 human osteosarcoma cell line, demonstrated that at a tenth of the concentration, doxorubicin-conjugated bisphosphonate NPs achieved a similar uptake to free doxorubicin. In vivo targeting experiments using the NIR fluorescence bisphosphonate NPs on both Soas-2 human osteosarcoma xenograft mouse model and orthotopic bone metastases mCherry-labeled 4T1 breast cancer mouse model confirmed specific targeting. In addition, therapeutic in vivo experiments using doxorubicin-conjugated bisphosphonate NPs demonstrated a 40% greater inhibition of tumor growth in Saos-2 human osteosarcoma xenograft mouse model when compared to free doxorubicin. CONCLUSIONS In this research we have shown the potential use of doxorubicin-conjugated BP NPs for the targeting and treatment of primary and metastatic bone tumors. The targeted delivery of doxorubicin to the tumor significantly increased the efficacy of the anti-cancer drug, thus enabling the effective use of a lower concentration of doxorubicin. Furthermore, the targeting ability of the BP NPs in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model reinforced our findings that these BP NPs have the potential to be used for the treatment of primary and metastatic bone cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Rudnick-Glick
- Department of Chemistry, The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - E. Corem-Salkmon
- Department of Chemistry, The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - I. Grinberg
- Department of Chemistry, The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - S. Margel
- Department of Chemistry, The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat Gan, Israel
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Drug-releasing nano-engineered titanium implants: therapeutic efficacy in 3D cell culture model, controlled release and stability. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 69:831-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Wittkowske C, Reilly GC, Lacroix D, Perrault CM. In Vitro Bone Cell Models: Impact of Fluid Shear Stress on Bone Formation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2016; 4:87. [PMID: 27896266 PMCID: PMC5108781 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2016.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes the role of bone cells and their surrounding matrix in maintaining bone strength through the process of bone remodeling. Subsequently, this work focusses on how bone formation is guided by mechanical forces and fluid shear stress in particular. It has been demonstrated that mechanical stimulation is an important regulator of bone metabolism. Shear stress generated by interstitial fluid flow in the lacunar-canalicular network influences maintenance and healing of bone tissue. Fluid flow is primarily caused by compressive loading of bone as a result of physical activity. Changes in loading, e.g., due to extended periods of bed rest or microgravity in space are associated with altered bone remodeling and formation in vivo. In vitro, it has been reported that bone cells respond to fluid shear stress by releasing osteogenic signaling factors, such as nitric oxide, and prostaglandins. This work focusses on the application of in vitro models to study the effects of fluid flow on bone cell signaling, collagen deposition, and matrix mineralization. Particular attention is given to in vitro set-ups, which allow long-term cell culture and the application of low fluid shear stress. In addition, this review explores what mechanisms influence the orientation of collagen fibers, which determine the anisotropic properties of bone. A better understanding of these mechanisms could facilitate the design of improved tissue-engineered bone implants or more effective bone disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Wittkowske
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gwendolen C Reilly
- INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Department of Material Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Damien Lacroix
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Cecile M Perrault
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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71
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Wijenayaka AR, Prideaux M, Yang D, Morris HA, Findlay DM, Anderson PH, Atkins GJ. Early response of the human SOST gene to stimulation by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 164:369-373. [PMID: 26690786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The osteocyte expressed gene SOST encodes sclerostin, a potent negative regulator of bone formation and inducer of bone resorption. We have recently demonstrated that the human SOST gene is positively regulated in response to 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D). Responsiveness may be mediated at least in part by a single classical DR3-type vitamin D response element (VDRE). In this study we examined the early responsiveness of the SOST gene to both 1,25D and to parathyroid hormone (PTH), a known repressor of SOST expression, in SaOS2 cells differentiated to an osteocyte-like stage of cell maturation. Both SOST mRNA levels and sclerostin protein levels increased in these cultures as early as 3h post-treatment with 1,25D and declined in response to PTH in the same timeframe. For 1,25D, the level of induced SOST appeared dependent on the extent, to which the degradative enzyme 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) was induced. Together with the observed rapid decrease in SOST/sclerostin levels in response to PTH, endocrine regulation of sclerostin production appears to be an important determinant of sclerostin levels. These findings confirm that the human SOST gene and sclerostin expression can be considered to be directly 1,25D-responsive in osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiri R Wijenayaka
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Matthew Prideaux
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Dongqing Yang
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Howard A Morris
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David M Findlay
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Paul H Anderson
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gerald J Atkins
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Zhang D, Wong CS, Wen C, Li Y. Cellular responses of osteoblast-like cells to 17 elemental metals. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:148-158. [PMID: 27601355 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Elemental metals have been widely used to alloy metallic orthopedic implants. However, there is still insufficient research data elucidating the cell responses of osteoblastic cells to alloying elemental metals, which impedes the development of new metallic implant materials. In this study, the cellular responses of osteoblast-like cells (SaOS2) to 17 pure alloying elemental metals, that is, titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), silicon (Si), and tin (Sn) were comparatively investigated in vitro. Cellular responses including intracellular total protein synthesis and collagen content, cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity on these elemental metals were systematically assessed and compared. It was found that these elemental metals could be categorized into three groups based on the cellular functions on them. Group 1, including Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Cr, Ru, and Si, showed excellent cell proliferation and varied ALP activity for SaOS2 cells. Cells exposed to Group 2, including Mo and Sn, although initially attached and grew, did not proliferate over time. In contrast, Group 3, including V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, showed severe cytotoxicity toward SaOS2 cells. It is vital to consider the cell responses to the elemental metals when designing a new metallic implant material and the findings of this study provide insights into the biological performance of the elemental metals. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 148-158, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Zhang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3217, Australia
| | - Cynthia S Wong
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3217, Australia
| | - Cuie Wen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Yuncang Li
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
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73
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Osteocyte isolation and culture methods. BONEKEY REPORTS 2016; 5:838. [PMID: 27648260 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2016.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present several popular methods for in vitro culture of osteocytes and osteocyte cell lines. Osteocytes are located extremely suitably within the calcified bone matrix to sense mechanical signals, and are equipped with a multitude of molecular features that allow mechanosensing. However, osteocytes are more than specialized mechanosensing cells. Several signaling molecules are preferentially produced by osteocytes, and osteocytes hold a tight reign over osteoblast and osteoclast formation and activity, but also have a role as endocrine cell, communicating with muscles or organs as remote as the kidneys. In order to facilitate further research into this fascinating cell type, three protocols will be provided in this paper. The first protocol will be on the culture of mouse (early) osteocyte cell lines, the second on the isolation and culture of primary mouse bone cells, and the third on the culture of fully embedded human osteocytes within their own three-dimensional bone matrix.
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74
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Guler Z, Silva JC, Sarac AS. Enhanced osteogenesis on biofunctionalized poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/poly(m-anthranilic acid) nanofibers. J Biomater Appl 2016; 31:743-754. [PMID: 27440863 DOI: 10.1177/0885328216660379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biofunctionalized nanofibers with a desired biological function can be used as a tissue engineering scaffold due to their small fiber diameters and porous structure. In the present study, poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/poly(m-anthranilic acid) nanofibers were biofunctionalized with covalent immobilization of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) through 1-ethyl-3-(dimethyl-aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide activation. Fourier transform infrared analysis of the nanofiber surfaces confirmed the successful immobilization. The amount of immobilized BMP-2 was determined with bicinchoninic acid protein assay. The nanofibers before and after BMP-2 immobilization were non-cytotoxic and enhanced the attachment and proliferation of Saos-2 cells. Biofunctionalization of nanofibers with BMP-2 promoted in vitro osteogenic activity. The alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium mineralizatio of cells after 14 days of in vitro culture were enhanced on nanofibers with immobilized BMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Guler
- Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey I3N/Cenimat and Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nova University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jorge C Silva
- I3N/Cenimat and Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nova University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Abdulkadir S Sarac
- Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Fritz A, Bertin A, Hanna P, Nualart F, Marcellini S. A Single Chance to Contact Multiple Targets: Distinct Osteocyte Morphotypes Shed Light on the Cellular Mechanism Ensuring the Robust Formation of Osteocytic Networks. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2016; 326:280-9. [PMID: 27381191 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the complex osteocytic network relies on the emission of long cellular processes involved in communication, mechanical strain sensing, and bone turnover control. Newly deposited osteocytic processes rapidly become trapped within the calcifying matrix, and, therefore, they must adopt their definitive conformation and contact their targets in a single morphogenetic event. However, the cellular mechanisms ensuring the robustness of this unique mode of morphogenesis remain unknown. To address this issue, we examined the developing calvaria of the amphibian Xenopus tropicalis by confocal, two-photon, and super-resolution imaging, and described flattened osteocytes lying within a woven bone structured in lamellae of randomly oriented collagen fibers. While most cells emit peripheral and perpendicular processes, we report two osteocytes morphotypes, located at different depth within the bone matrix and exhibiting distinct number and orientation of perpendicular cell processes. We show that this pattern is conserved with the chick Gallus gallus and suggest that the cellular microenvironment, and more particularly cell-cell contact, plays a fundamental role in the induction and stabilization of osteocytic processes. We propose that this intrinsic property might have been evolutionarily selected for its ability to robustly generate self-organizing osteocytic networks harbored by the wide variety of bone shapes and architectures found in extant and extinct vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Fritz
- Laboratory of Development and Evolution, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ariana Bertin
- Laboratory of Development and Evolution, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricia Hanna
- Laboratory of Development and Evolution, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisco Nualart
- Center for Advanced Microscopy (CMA Bio-Bio), University of Concepcion, Concepción, Chile
| | - Sylvain Marcellini
- Laboratory of Development and Evolution, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepción, Chile
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Prideaux M, Schutz C, Wijenayaka AR, Findlay DM, Campbell DG, Solomon LB, Atkins GJ. Isolation of osteocytes from human trabecular bone. Bone 2016; 88:64-72. [PMID: 27109824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteocytes are essential regulators of bone homeostasis. However, they are difficult to study due to their location within the bone mineralised matrix. Although several techniques have been published for the isolation of osteocytes from mouse bone, no such technique has been described for human osteocytes. We have therefore developed a protocol for the isolation of osteocytes from human trabecular bone samples acquired during surgery. The cells were digested from the bone matrix by sequential collagenase and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) digestions and the cells from later digests displayed characteristic dendritic osteocyte morphology when cultured ex vivo. Furthermore, the cells expressed characteristic osteocyte marker genes, such as E11, dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), SOST, matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) and phosphate regulating endopeptidase homologue, X-linked (PHEX). In addition, genes associated with osteocyte perilacunar remodelling, including matrix metallopeptidase-13 (MMP13), cathepsin K (CTSK) and carbonic anhydrase 2 (CAR2) were expressed. The cells also responded to parathyroid hormone (PTH) by downregulating SOST mRNA expression and to 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) by upregulating fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) mRNA expression. Therefore, the cells behave in a similar manner to osteocytes in vivo. These cells represent an important tool in enhancing current knowledge in human osteocyte biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Prideaux
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Christine Schutz
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Wakefield Orthopaedic Clinic, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Asiri R Wijenayaka
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - David M Findlay
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | | | - Lucian B Solomon
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Gerald J Atkins
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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77
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Bique AM, Kaivosoja E, Mikkonen M, Paulasto-Kröckel M. Choice of osteoblast model critical for studying the effects of electromagnetic stimulation on osteogenesis in vitro. Electromagn Biol Med 2016; 35:353-64. [PMID: 27355896 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2016.1138124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The clinical benefits of electromagnetic field (EMF) therapy in enhancing osteogenesis have been acknowledged for decades, but agreement regarding the underlying mechanisms continues to be sought. Studies have shown EMFs to promote osteoblast-like cell proliferation, or contrarily, to induce differentiation and enhance mineralization. Typically these disparities have been attributed to methodological differences. The present paper argues the possibility that the chosen osteoblast model impacts stimulation outcome. Phenotypically immature cells, particularly at low seeding densities, appear to be prone to EMF-amplified proliferation. Conversely, mature cells at higher densities seem to be predisposed to earlier onset differentiation and mineralization. This suggests that EMFs augment ongoing processes in cell populations. To test this hypothesis, mature SaOS-2 cells and immature MC3T3-E1 cells at various densities, with or without osteo-induction, were exposed to sinusoidal 50 Hz EMF. The exposure stimulated the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 and inhibited the proliferation of SaOS-2 cells. Baseline alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression of SaOS-2 cells was high and rapidly further increased with EMF exposure, whereas ALP effects in MC3T3-E1 cells were not seen until the second week. Thus both cell types responded differently to EMF stimulation, corroborating the hypothesis that the phenotypic maturity and culture stage of cells influence stimulation outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Bique
- a Aalto University Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation , School of Electrical Engineering , Espoo , Finland
| | - Emilia Kaivosoja
- a Aalto University Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation , School of Electrical Engineering , Espoo , Finland
| | - Marko Mikkonen
- a Aalto University Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation , School of Electrical Engineering , Espoo , Finland
| | - Mervi Paulasto-Kröckel
- a Aalto University Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation , School of Electrical Engineering , Espoo , Finland
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78
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Gebhard C, Gabriel C, Walter I. Morphological and Immunohistochemical Characterization of Canine Osteosarcoma Spheroid Cell Cultures. Anat Histol Embryol 2016; 45:219-30. [PMID: 26287450 PMCID: PMC4949528 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Spheroid cell culture emerges as powerful in vitro tool for experimental tumour research. In this study, we established a scaffold-free three-dimensional spheroid system built from canine osteosarcoma (OS) cells (D17). Spheroids (7, 14 and 19 days of cultivation) and monolayer cultures (2 and 7 days of cultivation) were evaluated and compared on light and electron microscopy. Monolayer and spheroid cultures were tested for vimentin, cytokeratin, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and collagen I by means of immunohistochemistry. The spheroid cell culture exhibited a distinct network of collagen I in particular after 19-day cultivation, whereas in monolayer cultures, collagen I was arranged as a lamellar basal structure. Necrotic centres of large spheroids, as observed in 14- and 19-day cultures, were characterized by significant amounts of osteocalcin. Proliferative activity as determined by Ki-67 immunoreactivity showed an even distribution in two-dimensional cultures. In spheroids, proliferation was predominating in the peripheral areas. Metastasis-associated markers ezrin and S100A4 were shown to be continuously expressed in monolayer and spheroid cultures. We conclude that the scaffold-free spheroid system from canine OS cells has the ability to mimic the architecture of the in vivo tumour, in particular cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gebhard
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Gabriel
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - I Walter
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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79
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Nash LA, Peters SJ, Sullivan PJ, Ward WE. Supraphysiological Levels of Quercetin Glycosides are Required to Alter Mineralization in Saos2 Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E460. [PMID: 27136576 PMCID: PMC4881085 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13050460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid intake is positively correlated to bone mineral density (BMD) in women. Flavonoids such as quercetin exhibit strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity that may be beneficial for bone health. Quercetin, previously shown to positively influence osteoblasts, is metabolized into glycosides including rutin and hyperoside. We compared the effects of these glycosides on mineralization in human osteoblast (Saos2) cells. Administration of rutin (≥25 µM) and hyperoside (≥5 µM) resulted in higher mineral content, determined using the alizarin red assay. This was accompanied by higher alkaline phosphatase activity with no cell toxicity. The expression of osteopontin, sclerostin, TNFα and IL6, known stimuli for decreasing osteoblast activity, were reduced with the addition of rutin or hyperoside. In summary, rutin and hyperoside require supraphysiological levels, when administered individually, to positively influence osteoblast activity. This information may be useful in developing nutraceuticals to support bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Nash
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Sandra J Peters
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Philip J Sullivan
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Wendy E Ward
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
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80
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Yang JE, Song MS, Shen Y, Ryu PD, Lee SY. The Role of KV7.3 in Regulating Osteoblast Maturation and Mineralization. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:407. [PMID: 26999128 PMCID: PMC4813262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
KCNQ (KV7) channels are voltage-gated potassium (KV) channels, and the function of KV7 channels in muscles, neurons, and sensory cells is well established. We confirmed that overall blockade of KV channels with tetraethylammonium augmented the mineralization of bone-marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells during osteogenic differentiation, and we determined that KV7.3 was expressed in MG-63 and Saos-2 cells at the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, functional KV7 currents were detected in MG-63 cells. Inhibition of KV7.3 by linopirdine or XE991 increased the matrix mineralization during osteoblast differentiation. This was confirmed by alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and osterix in MG-63 cells, whereas the expression of Runx2 showed no significant change. The extracellular glutamate secreted by osteoblasts was also measured to investigate its effect on MG-63 osteoblast differentiation. Blockade of KV7.3 promoted the release of glutamate via the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2-mediated upregulation of synapsin, and induced the deposition of type 1 collagen. However, activation of KV7.3 by flupirtine did not produce notable changes in matrix mineralization during osteoblast differentiation. These results suggest that KV7.3 could be a novel regulator in osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Min Seok Song
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Yiming Shen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Pan Dong Ryu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - So Yeong Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
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81
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Schoeman MA, Moester MJ, Oostlander AE, Kaijzel EL, Valstar ER, Nelissen RG, Löwik CW, Rooij KE. Inhibition of GSK3β Stimulates BMP Signaling and DecreasesSOSTExpression Which Results in Enhanced Osteoblast Differentiation. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:2938-46. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monique A.E. Schoeman
- Department of Orthopaedics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - Angela E. Oostlander
- Department of Orthopaedics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Eric L. Kaijzel
- Department of Radiology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Edward R. Valstar
- Department of Orthopaedics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering; Delft University of Technology; Delft The Netherlands
| | - Rob G.H.H. Nelissen
- Department of Orthopaedics; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Clemens W.G.M. Löwik
- Department of Radiology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Karien E.de Rooij
- Department of Radiology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
- Percuros BV; Enschede; The Netherlands
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82
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Wijenayaka AR, Yang D, Prideaux M, Ito N, Kogawa M, Anderson PH, Morris HA, Solomon LB, Loots GG, Findlay DM, Atkins GJ. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulates human SOST gene expression and sclerostin secretion. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 413:157-67. [PMID: 26112182 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sclerostin, the SOST gene product, is a negative regulator of bone formation and a positive regulator of bone resorption. In this study, treatment of human primary osteoblasts, including cells differentiated to an osteocyte-like stage, with 1α,25-dihydroxyvitaminD3 (1,25D) resulted in the dose-dependent increased expression of SOST mRNA. A similar effect was observed in human trabecular bone samples cultured ex vivo, and in osteocyte-like cultures of differentiated SAOS2 cells. Treatment of SAOS2 cells with 1,25D resulted in the production and secretion of sclerostin protein. In silico analysis of the human SOST gene revealed a single putative DR3-type vitamin D response element (VDRE) at position -6216 bp upstream of the transcription start site (TSS). This sequence was confirmed to have strong VDRE activity by luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (EMSA). Sequence substitution in the VDR/RXR half-sites abolished VDRE reporter activity and binding of nuclear proteins. A 6.3 kb fragment of the human proximal SOST promoter demonstrated responsiveness to 1,25D. The addition of the evolutionary conserved region 5 (ECR5), a known bone specific enhancer region, ahead of the 6.3 kb fragment increased basal promoter activity but did not increase 1,25D responsiveness. Site-specific mutagenesis abolished the responsiveness of the 6.3 kb promoter to 1,25D. We conclude that 1,25D is a direct regulator of human SOST gene and sclerostin protein expression, extending the pathways of control of sclerostin expression. At least some of this responsiveness is mediated by the identified classical VDRE however the nature of the transcriptional regulation by 1,25D warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiri R Wijenayaka
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Dongqing Yang
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Matthew Prideaux
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Nobuaki Ito
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Masakazu Kogawa
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Paul H Anderson
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Howard A Morris
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Lucian B Solomon
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Gabriela G Loots
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, CA, USA; University of California at Merced, School of Natural Sciences, Merced, CA, USA
| | - David M Findlay
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Gerald J Atkins
- Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
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83
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Galea GL, Meakin LB, Savery D, Taipaleenmaki H, Delisser P, Stein GS, Copp AJ, van Wijnen AJ, Lanyon LE, Price JS. Planar cell polarity aligns osteoblast division in response to substrate strain. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:423-35. [PMID: 25264362 PMCID: PMC4333081 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of bone to dynamic strain increases the rate of division of osteoblasts and also influences the directional organization of the cellular and molecular structure of the bone tissue that they produce. Here, we report that brief exposure to dynamic substrate strain (sufficient to rapidly stimulate cell division) influences the orientation of osteoblastic cell division. The initial proliferative response to strain involves canonical Wnt signaling and can be blocked by sclerostin. However, the strain-related orientation of cell division is independently influenced through the noncanonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. Blockade of Rho-associated coiled kinase (ROCK), a component of the PCP pathway, prevents strain-related orientation of division in osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells. Heterozygous loop-tail mutation of the core PCP component van Gogh-like 2 (Vangl2) in mouse osteoblasts impairs the orientation of division in response to strain. Examination of bones from Vangl2 loop-tail heterozygous mice by µCT and scanning electron microscopy reveals altered bone architecture and disorganized bone-forming surfaces. Hence, in addition to the well-accepted role of PCP involvement in response to developmental cues during skeletal morphogenesis, our data reveal that this pathway also acts postnatally, in parallel with canonical Wnt signaling, to transduce biomechanical cues into skeletal adaptive responses. The simultaneous and independent actions of these two pathways appear to influence both the rate and orientation of osteoblast division, thus fine-tuning bone architecture to meet the structural demands of functional loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel L Galea
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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84
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Addison WN, Nelea V, Chicatun F, Chien YC, Tran-Khanh N, Buschmann MD, Nazhat SN, Kaartinen MT, Vali H, Tecklenburg MM, Franceschi RT, McKee MD. Extracellular matrix mineralization in murine MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cultures: an ultrastructural, compositional and comparative analysis with mouse bone. Bone 2015; 71:244-56. [PMID: 25460184 PMCID: PMC6342200 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bone cell culture systems are essential tools for the study of the molecular mechanisms regulating extracellular matrix mineralization. MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell cultures are the most commonly used in vitro model of bone matrix mineralization. Despite the widespread use of this cell line to study biomineralization, there is as yet no systematic characterization of the mineral phase produced in these cultures. Here we provide a comprehensive, multi-technique biophysical characterization of this cell culture mineral and extracellular matrix, and compare it to mouse bone and synthetic apatite mineral standards, to determine the suitability of MC3T3-E1 cultures for biomineralization studies. Elemental compositional analysis by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) showed calcium and phosphorus, and trace amounts of sodium and magnesium, in both biological samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) on resin-embedded intact cultures demonstrated that similar to 1-month-old mouse bone, apatite crystals grew with preferential orientations along the (100), (101) and (111) mineral planes indicative of guided biogenic growth as opposed to dystrophic calcification. XRD of crystals isolated from the cultures revealed that the mineral phase was poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite with 10 to 20nm-sized nanocrystallites. Consistent with the XRD observations, electron diffraction patterns indicated that culture mineral had low crystallinity typical of biological apatites. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed apatitic carbonate and phosphate within the biological samples. With all techniques utilized, cell culture mineral and mouse bone mineral were remarkably similar. Scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy showed that the cultures had a dense fibrillar collagen matrix with small, 100nm-sized, collagen fibril-associated mineralization foci which coalesced to form larger mineral aggregates, and where mineralized sites showed the accumulation of the mineral-binding protein osteopontin. Light microscopy, confocal microscopy and three-dimensional reconstructions showed that some cells had dendritic processes and became embedded within the mineral in an osteocyte-like manner. In conclusion, we have documented characteristics of the mineral and matrix phases of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cultures, and have determined that the structural and compositional properties of the mineral are highly similar to that of mouse bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- W N Addison
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - V Nelea
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - F Chicatun
- Department of Mining and Materials, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Y-C Chien
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - N Tran-Khanh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M D Buschmann
- Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - S N Nazhat
- Department of Mining and Materials, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M T Kaartinen
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - H Vali
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M M Tecklenburg
- Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - R T Franceschi
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M D McKee
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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85
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Vieira S, Vial S, Maia FR, Carvalho M, Reis RL, Granja PL, Oliveira JM. Gellan gum-coated gold nanorods: an intracellular nanosystem for bone tissue engineering. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13556g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gellan gum-coated gold nanorods improved mineralization of osteoblast-like cells, showing great potential for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Vieira
- 3B's Research Group
- AvePark – Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia
- 4805-017 Barco – Guimarães
- Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory
| | - Stephanie Vial
- 3B's Research Group
- AvePark – Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia
- 4805-017 Barco – Guimarães
- Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory
| | - F. Raquel Maia
- 3B's Research Group
- AvePark – Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia
- 4805-017 Barco – Guimarães
- Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory
| | - Mariana Carvalho
- 3B's Research Group
- AvePark – Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia
- 4805-017 Barco – Guimarães
- Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group
- AvePark – Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia
- 4805-017 Barco – Guimarães
- Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory
| | - Pedro L. Granja
- INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica
- Universidade do Porto
- 4150-180 Porto
- Portugal
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde
| | - J. Miguel Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group
- AvePark – Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia
- 4805-017 Barco – Guimarães
- Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory
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