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Lu K, Wang D, Zou G, Wu Y, Li F, Song Q, Sun Y. A multifunctional composite hydrogel that sequentially modulates the process of bone healing and guides the repair of bone defects. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:035010. [PMID: 38422521 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad2ed1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which exhibits excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity, is a well-established bone filling material for bone defects. Here, we synthesized CaCO3microspheres (CMs) to use as an intelligent carrier to load bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Subsequently, drug-loaded CMs and catalase (CAT) were added to methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels to prepare a composite hydrogel for differential release of the drugs. CAT inside hydrogels was released with a fast rate to eliminate H2O2and generate oxygen. Constant BMP-2 release from CMs induced rapid osteogenesis. Resultsin vitroindicated that the composite hydrogels efficiently reduced the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species, preventing cells from being injured by oxidative stress, promoting cell survival and proliferation, and enhancing osteogenesis. Furthermore, animal experiments demonstrated that the composite hydrogels were able to inhibit the inflammatory response, regulate macrophage polarization, and facilitate the healing of bone defects. These findings indicate that a multi-pronged strategy is greatly expected to promote the bone healing by modulating pathological microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, Yancheng First People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, Yancheng First People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyou Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, Yancheng First People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Yancheng First People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Yancheng First People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunshan Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Yancheng First People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongming Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Lee S, Kang BJ. Surgical Reconstruction of Canine Nonunion Fractures Using Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2-loaded Alginate Microbeads and Bone Allografts. In Vivo 2024; 38:611-619. [PMID: 38418118 PMCID: PMC10905487 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Effective treatment of nonunion fractures is challenging as it requires a biological and mechanical environment to promote sufficient osteogenesis. Herein, we present a case series in which we evaluated the clinical efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-loaded alginate microbeads and allografts in two dogs with nonunion fractures. CASE REPORT A 3-year-old, 2.3-kg, spayed female Pomeranian (Case 1) presented with intermittent lameness of the left forelimb after radial and ulnar fracture repair 8 weeks prior. A 4-year-old, 4.8-kg, spayed female Pomeranian (Case 2) was referred for non-weight-bearing lameness of the left hindlimb due to implant failure following left tibial fracture repair. Both dogs had atrophic bone ends and no bridging calluses at the fracture site on radiographs, and were diagnosed with nonviable nonunion fractures of the radius/ulna and tibia, respectively. The surgical approach involved implant removal, debridement, and fracture gap reconstruction. BMP-2 was loaded into alginate microbeads for a prolonged release with bone allograft chips in both cases. In Case 1, bead grafts were applied directly at the fracture site, while in Case 2, they were implanted inside a frozen cortical bone allograft as a scaffold to fill the large gap. Postoperative radiography revealed excessive callus formation, early radiographic bone union, and cortical bone remodeling, in line with improved lameness scores. At the final follow-up, gait was improved and the desired bone length and shape were achieved in both cases. CONCLUSION Simultaneous use of osteoinductive BMP-2 alginate microbeads and osteoconductive bone allografts yielded functionally and structurally favorable outcomes in canine nonunion fractures, without major complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyun Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Jae Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Rios BR, Barbosa S, da Silva WPP, Quirino Louzada MJ, Ervolino E, Kalil EC, Shibli JA, Faverani LP. Polydioxanone Enhances Bone Regeneration After Resection and Reconstruction of Rat Femur with rhBMP2. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2024; 30:102-112. [PMID: 38271574 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2023.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the bone regeneration potential of a polydioxanone (PDO) scaffold together with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) for the reconstruction of large bone defect. In total, 24 male rats (6 months old) were subjected to bilateral femoral stabilization using titanium plates to create a 2 mm gap, and reconstruction using rhBMP-2 (Infuse®; 3.25 μg). The bone defects were covered with PDO (PDO group), or with titanium mesh (Ti group). Animals were euthanized on days 14 and 60. Simultaneously, 16 rats received PDO and Ti in their dorsum for the purpose of biocompatibility analysis at 3, 5, 7, and 10 days postoperatively. X-ray densitometry showed a higher density in the PDO group on day 14. On day 60, coverage of the bone defect with PDO showed a larger quantity of newly formed bone than that found for the Ti group, a lower inflammatory infiltrate value, and a more significant number of blood vessels on day 14. By immunohistochemical assessment, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and osteocalcin (OCN) showed higher labeling on day 14 in the PDO group. On day 60, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) showed higher labeling in the PDO group, whereas Ti showed higher labeling for osteoprotegerin, nuclear factor kappa B ligand-activating receptor, RUNX2, and OCN. Furthermore, biocompatibility analysis showed a higher inflammatory response in the Ti group. The PDO scaffold enhanced bone regeneration when associated with rhBMP-2 in rat femur reconstruction. Impact statement Regeneration of segmental bone defects is a difficult task, and several techniques and materials have been used. Recent advances in the production of synthetic polymers, such as polydioxanone (PDO), produced by three-dimensional printing, have shown distinct characteristics that could improve tissue regeneration even in an important bone defect. The present preclinical study showed that PDO membranes used as scaffolds to carry recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) improved bone tissue regeneration by more than 8-fold when compared with titanium mesh, suggesting that PDO membranes could be a feasible and useful material for use in guided bone regeneration. (In English, viable is only used for living creatures capable of sustaining life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ribeiro Rios
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stéfany Barbosa
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - William Phillip Pereira da Silva
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Edilson Ervolino
- Division of Histology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C Kalil
- Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, Centro, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - Jamil Awad Shibli
- Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, Centro, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - Leonardo P Faverani
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tong X, Chen J, Wang R, Hou D, Wu G, Liu C, Pathak JL. The Paracrine Effect of Hyaluronic Acid-Treated Endothelial Cells Promotes BMP-2-Mediated Osteogenesis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1227. [PMID: 37892957 PMCID: PMC10604672 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of hyaluronic acid (HA) and BMP-2 has been reported to promote bone regeneration. However, the interaction of endothelial cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) during HA + BMP-2 treatment is not fully understood. This study aimed to analyze the direct effect of HA, as well as the paracrine effect of HA-treated endothelial cells, on the BMP-2-mediated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The angiogenic differentiation potential of HA at different molecular weights and different concentrations was tested. The direct effect of HA, as well as the indirect effect of HA-treated human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUVECs, i.e., conditioned medium (CM)-based co-culture) on the BMP-2-mediated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was analyzed using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and activity, alizarin red S (ARS) staining, and RT-qPCR of osteogenic markers. Angiogenic differentiation markers were also analyzed in HUVECs after treatment with HA + BMP-2. The bone regeneration potential of BMP-2 and HA + BMP-2 was analyzed in a rat ectopic model. We found that 1600 kDa HA at 300 µg/mL promoted tube formation by HUVECs in vitro and upregulated the mRNA expression of the angiogenic markers CD31, VEGF, and bFGF. HA inhibited, but conditioned medium from HA-treated HUVECs promoted, the BMP-2-mediated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, as indicated by the results of ALP staining and activity, ARS staining, and the mRNA expression of the osteogenic markers RUNX-2, ALP, COLI, and OPN. HA + BMP-2 (50 ng/mL) upregulated the expression of the angiogenesis-related genes VEGF and bFGF in HUVECs and bone regeneration in vivo compared to BMP-2 treatment. In conclusion, the paracrine effect of hyaluronic acid-treated endothelial cells promotes BMP-2-mediated osteogenesis, suggesting the application potential of HA + BMP-2 in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Tong
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (X.T.); (J.C.); (R.W.); (D.H.)
| | - Jin Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (X.T.); (J.C.); (R.W.); (D.H.)
| | - Renqin Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (X.T.); (J.C.); (R.W.); (D.H.)
| | - Dan Hou
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (X.T.); (J.C.); (R.W.); (D.H.)
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam Movement Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chang Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (X.T.); (J.C.); (R.W.); (D.H.)
| | - Janak Lal Pathak
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (X.T.); (J.C.); (R.W.); (D.H.)
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Lei F, Ni J, Hu JL, Guo DN, Fan J. Different doses of vitamin D supplementation to nonsurgical treatment for vitamin-D-insufficient patients with diabetic periodontitis and the effect on gingival BMP-2 levels. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:1030-1037. [PMID: 37395326 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data show people with diabetes mellitus (DM) have three-fold increase in risk of periodontitis. A vitamin D insufficiency can affect the progression of DM and periodontitis. This study evaluated the effects of different-dose vitamin D supplementation to nonsurgical periodontal therapy for vitamin-D-insufficient diabetic patients coexisting with periodontitis and changes of gingival bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) levels. The study included 30 vitamin-D-insufficient patients receiving nonsurgical treatment followed by administration of 25,000 international units (IU) vitamin D3 per week (the low-VD group) and 30 patients receiving 50,000 UI vitamin D per week (the high-VD group). The decreases of probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, bleeding index, and periodontal plaque index values of patients after the six-month supplementation of 50,000 UI vitamin D3 per week to nonsurgical treatment were more significant than those after the six-month supplementation of 25,000 UI vitamin D3 per week to nonsurgical treatment. It was found that 50,000 IU per week vitamin D supplementation for 6 months could lead to a better glycemic control for vitamin-D-insufficient diabetic patients coexisting with periodontitis after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Increased levels of serum 25(OH) vitamin D3 and gingival BMP-2 were found in both low- and high-dose VD groups, and the high-dose VD group exhibited higher levels than the low-dose VD group. Vitamin D supplementation in large doses for 6 months tended to improve the treatment of periodontitis and increase gingival BMP-2 levels in diabetic patients coexisting with periodontitis who were vitamin D deficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lei
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Ni
- Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin-Long Hu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan-Ni Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Dorogin J, Hochstatter HB, Shepherd SO, Svendsen JE, Benz MA, Powers AC, Fear KM, Townsend JM, Prell JS, Hosseinzadeh P, Hettiaratchi MH. Moderate-Affinity Affibodies Modulate the Delivery and Bioactivity of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300793. [PMID: 37379021 PMCID: PMC10592408 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) release can lead to off-target bone growth and other adverse events. To tackle this challenge, yeast surface display is used to identify unique BMP-2-specific protein binders known as affibodies that bind to BMP-2 with different affinities. Biolayer interferometry reveals an equilibrium dissociation constant of 10.7 nm for the interaction between BMP-2 and high-affinity affibody and 34.8 nm for the interaction between BMP-2 and the low-affinity affibody. The low-affinity affibody-BMP-2 interaction also exhibits an off-rate constant that is an order of magnitude higher. Computational modeling of affibody-BMP-2 binding predicts that the high- and low-affinity affibodies bind to two distinct sites on BMP-2 that function as different cell-receptor binding sites. BMP-2 binding to affibodies reduces expression of the osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in C2C12 myoblasts. Affibody-conjugated polyethylene glycol-maleimide hydrogels increase uptake of BMP-2 compared to affibody-free hydrogels, and high-affinity hydrogels exhibit lower BMP-2 release into serum compared to low-affinity hydrogels and affibody-free hydrogels over four weeks. Loading BMP-2 into affibody-conjugated hydrogels prolongs ALP activity of C2C12 myoblasts compared to soluble BMP-2. This work demonstrates that affibodies with different affinities can modulate BMP-2 delivery and activity, creating a promising approach for controlling BMP-2 delivery in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Dorogin
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Henry B. Hochstatter
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon. 1320 E 15 Ave., Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Samantha O. Shepherd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Justin E. Svendsen
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Morrhyssey A. Benz
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Andrew C. Powers
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Karly M. Fear
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Jakob M. Townsend
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - James S. Prell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Parisa Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
| | - Marian H. Hettiaratchi
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon. 6231 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon. 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. 97403
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Xu H, Luo H, Chen J, Chen G, Yu X, Ye Z. BMP-2 releasing mineral-coated microparticle-integrated hydrogel system for enhanced bone regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1217335. [PMID: 37635994 PMCID: PMC10447977 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1217335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Large bone defects (LBD) caused by trauma, infection, and tumor resection remain a significant clinical challenge. Although therapeutic agents such as bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), have shown substantial potency in various clinical scenarios, their uncontrollable release kinetics has raised considerable concern from the clinical viewpoint. Mineral-coated microparticle (MCM) has shown its excellent biologics loading and delivery potential due to its superior protein-binding capacity and controllable degradation behaviors; thus, it is conceivable that MCM can be combined with hydrogel systems to enable optimized BMP-2 delivery for LBD healing. Methods: Herein, BMP-2 was immobilized on MCMs via electrostatic interaction between its side chains with the coating surface. Subsequently, MCM@BMP-2 is anchored into a hydrogel by the crosslinking of chitosan (CS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Results and Discussion: This microparticle-hydrogel system exhibits good biocompatibility, excellent vascularization, and the sustained release of BMP-2 in the bone defect. Furthermore, it is observed that this microsphere-hydrogel system accelerates bone formation by promoting the expression of osteogenesis-related proteins such as RUNX2, osteopontin, and osteocalcin in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Thus, this newly developed multifunctional microparticle-hydrogel system with vascularization, osteogenesis, and sustained release of growth factor demonstrates an effective therapeutic strategy toward LBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Xu
- Orthopaedic Oncology Services, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation on Orthopedic Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Huanhuan Luo
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation on Orthopedic Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Orthopaedic Oncology Services, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation on Orthopedic Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Orthopaedic Oncology Services, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Orthopaedic Oncology Services, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Wytrwal M, Sekuła-Stryjewska M, Pomorska A, Oclon E, Zuba-Surma E, Zapotoczny S, Szczubiałka K. Cellular Response to Bone Morphogenetic Proteins-2 and -7 Covalently Bound to Photocrosslinked Heparin-Diazoresin Multilayer. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050842. [PMID: 37238712 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the plethora of research that exists on recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 and -7 (rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-7) and has been clinically approved, there is still a need to gain information that would allow for their more rational use in bone implantology. The clinical application of supra-physiological dosages of these superactive molecules causes many serious adverse effects. At the cellular level, they play a role in osteogenesis and cellular adhesion, migration, and proliferation around the implant. Therefore, in this work, we investigated the role of the covalent binding of rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-7 separately and in combination with ultrathin multilayers composed of heparin and diazoresin in stem cells. In the first step, we optimized the protein deposition conditions via quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Then, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to analyze protein-substrate interactions. The effect of the protein binding on the initial cell adhesion, migration, and short-term expression of osteogenesis markers was tested. In the presence of both proteins, cell flattening and adhesion became more prominent, resulting in limited motility. However, the early osteogenic marker expression significantly increased compared to the single protein systems. The presence of single proteins resulted in the elongation of cells, which promoted their migration activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wytrwal
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Agata Pomorska
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Oclon
- Laboratory of Recombinant Proteins Production, Centre for Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 1C Redzina Street, 30-248 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Zuba-Surma
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szczubiałka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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Wei B, Li Z, Lin Y, Hu X, Xu L, Wang S, Ji M, Lu J. BMP-2/TGF-β1 gene insertion into ligament-derived stem cells sheet promotes tendon-bone healing in a mouse. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2200470. [PMID: 36683552 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) reportedly induce the osteogenic and tenogenic differentiation of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-derived stem cells (LDSCs), respectively. However, few studies have investigated the effect of BMP-2/TGF-β1 on the differentiation of LDSC. We developed a BMP-2/TGF-β1 gene insertion into an LDSC cell sheet that promotes tendon-bone healing in a mouse ACL reconstruction (ACLR) model. CD34+ LDSCs were isolated from human ACL stump tissues, virally transduced to express BMP-2 or TGF-β1, and then embedded within cell sheets. All mice underwent ACLR using an autograft wrapped with a cell sheet and were randomly divided into three groups: BMP-2-, TGF-β1-, and BMP-2/TGF-β1-transduced. At 4 and 8 weeks, tendon-bone healing was evaluated by micro-CT, biomechanical test, and histological analysis. BMP-2 and TGF-β1 promoted the osteogenic and tenogenic differentiation of LDSC in vitro. BMP-2/TGF-β1-transduced LDSC sheet application contributed to early improvement in mean failure load and graft stiffness, accelerated maturation of the tendon-bone junction, and inhibited bone tunnel widening. Furthermore, reduced M1 macrophage infiltration and a higher M2 macrophage percentage were observed in the BMP-2/TGF-β1-transduced LDSC group. This work demonstrated that BMP-2 and TGF-β1 promoted CD34+ LDSCs osteogenic and tenogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo, which accelerated the tendon-bone healing after ACLR using autografts wrapped with cell sheets in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wei
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery/Joint and Sports Medicine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery/Joint and Sports Medicine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yucheng Lin
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery/Joint and Sports Medicine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery/Joint and Sports Medicine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery/Joint and Sports Medicine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shanzheng Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery/Joint and Sports Medicine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mingliang Ji
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery/Joint and Sports Medicine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery/Joint and Sports Medicine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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10
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Hirao T, Kim BG, Habuchi H, Kawaguchi K, Nakahari T, Marunaka Y, Asano S. Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Inhibit Differentiation into Mature Ependymal Multiciliated Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:111-122. [PMID: 36351637 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ependymal cilia play pivotal roles in cerebrospinal fluid flow. In the primary culture system, undifferentiated glial cells differentiate well into ependymal multiciliated cells (MCCs) in the absence of fetal bovine serum (FBS). However, the substances included in FBS which inhibit this differentiation process have not been clarified yet. Here, we constructed the polarized primary culture system of ependymal cells using a permeable filter in which they retained ciliary movement. We found that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) as well as Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 inhibited the differentiation with ciliary movement. The inhibition on the differentiation by FBS was recovered by the TGF-β1 and BMP-2 inhibitors in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hirao
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Beak Gyu Kim
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Hinako Habuchi
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Kotoku Kawaguchi
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Takashi Nakahari
- Research Unit for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Research Unit for Epithelial Physiology, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University.,Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association
| | - Shinji Asano
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
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11
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Suh JW, Lee KM, Ko EA, Yoon DS, Park KH, Kim HS, Yook JI, Kim NH, Lee JW. Promoting angiogenesis and diabetic wound healing through delivery of protein transduction domain-BMP2 formulated nanoparticles with hydrogel. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231190641. [PMID: 37601810 PMCID: PMC10434183 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231190641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased angiogenesis contributes to delayed wound healing in diabetic patients. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP2) has also been demonstrated to promote angiogenesis. However, the short half-lives of soluble growth factors, including rhBMP2, limit their use in wound-healing applications. To address this limitation, we propose a novel delivery model using a protein transduction domain (PTD) formulated in a lipid nanoparticle (LNP). We aimed to determine whether a gelatin hydrogel dressing loaded with LNP-formulated PTD-BMP2 (LNP-PTD-BMP2) could enhance the angiogenic function of BMP2 and improve diabetic wound healing. In vitro, compared to the control and rhBMP2, LNP-PTD-BMP2 induced greater tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and increased the cell recruitment capacity of HaCaT cells. We inflicted large, full-thickness back skin wounds on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and applied gelatin hydrogel (GH) cross-linked by microbial transglutaminase containing rhBMP2, LNP-PTD-BMP2, or a control to these wounds. Wounds treated with LNP-PTD-BMP2-loaded GH exhibited enhanced wound closure, increased re-epithelialization rates, and higher collagen deposition than those with other treatments. Moreover, LNP-PTD-BMP2-loaded GH treatment resulted in more CD31- and α-SMA-positive cells, indicating greater neovascularization capacity than rhBMP2-loaded GH or GH treatments alone. Furthermore, in vivo near-infrared fluorescence revealed that LNP-PTD-BMP2 has a longer half-life than rhBMP2 and that BMP2 localizes around wounds. In conclusion, LNP-PTD-BMP2-loaded GH is a viable treatment option for diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Wan Suh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mi Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Ae Ko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Suk Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hwasung Medi-Science University, Hwaseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea
| | - Kwang Hwan Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Sil Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nam Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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12
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Abstract
FDA-approved bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) has serious side effects due to the super high dose requirement. Heparin is one of the most well-studied sulfated polymers to stabilize BMP2 and improve its functionality. However, the clinical use of heparin is questionable because of its undesired anticoagulant activity. Recent studies suggest that poly(glutamic acid) (pGlu) has the potential to improve BMP2 bioactivity with less safety concerns; however, the knowledge on pGlu's contribution remains largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to study the role of pGlu in BMP2-induced osteogenesis and its potential application in bone tissue engineering. Our data, for the first time, indicated that both low (L-pGlu) and high molecular weight pGlu (H-pGlu) were able to significantly improve the BMP2-induced early osteoblastic differentiation marker (ALP) in MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts. Importantly, the matrix mineralization was more rapidly enhanced by H-pGlu compared to L-pGlu. Additionally, our data indicated that only α-H-pGlu could significantly improve BMP2's activity, whereas γ-H-pGlu failed to do so. Moreover, both gene expression and mineralization data demonstrated that α-H-pGlu enabled a single dose of BMP2 to induce a high level of osteoblastic differentiation without multiple doses of BMP2. To study the potential application of pGlu in tissue engineering, we incorporated the H-pGlu+BMP2 nanocomplexes into the collagen hydrogel with significantly elevated osteoblastic differentiation. Furthermore, H-pGlu-coated 3D porous gelatin and chitosan scaffolds significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation through enabling sustained release of BMP2. Thus, our findings suggest that H-pGlu is a promising new alternative with great potential for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Zhuozhi Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jacob M. Miszuk
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Erliang Zeng
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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13
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Ping TN, Hsieh SL, Wang JJ, Chen JB, Wu CC. Panax notoginseng Suppresses Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Expression in EA.hy926 Endothelial Cells by Inhibiting the Noncanonical NF-κB and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3265. [PMID: 36501304 PMCID: PMC9735440 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (PN) exerts cardiovascular-disease-protective effects, but the effect of PN on reducing vascular calcification (VC) is unknown. Under the VC process, however, endothelial bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) signals connect endothelial and smooth muscle cells. To investigate the effects of PN water extract (PNWE) on BMP-2 expression, human EA.hy926 endothelial cells were pretreated with PNWE for 48 h, and BMP-2 expression was then induced using warfarin/β-glycerophosphate (W/BGP) for another 24 h. The expression of BMP-2, the degrees of oxidative stress and inflammation, and the activation of noncanonical NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling were analyzed. The results showed that the BMP-2 levels in EA.hy926 cells were reduced in the groups treated with 10, 50, or 100 μg/mL PNWE combined with W/BGP. PNWE combined with W/BGP significantly reduced thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substrate and reactive oxygen species levels as well as prostaglandin E2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. PNWE (10, 50, and 100 μg/mL) reduced the p52 levels and p52/p100 protein ratio. Wnt and β-catenin protein expression was decreased in the groups treated with PNWE combined with W/BGP. These results showed that PNWE reduced BMP-2 expression in EA.hy926 cells by inhibiting the noncanonical NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsu-Ni Ping
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Jye Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Bor Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Wu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan
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14
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Yao H, Guo J, Zhu W, Su Y, Tong W, Zheng L, Chang L, Wang X, Lai Y, Qin L, Xu J. Controlled Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Augments the Coupling of Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis for Accelerating Mandibular Defect Repair. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2397. [PMID: 36365215 PMCID: PMC9699026 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Reconstruction of a mandibular defect is challenging, with high expectations for both functional and esthetic results. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is an essential growth factor in osteogenesis, but the efficacy of the BMP-2-based strategy on the bone regeneration of mandibular defects has not been well-investigated. In addition, the underlying mechanisms of BMP-2 that drives the bone formation in mandibular defects remain to be clarified. Here, we utilized BMP-2-loaded hydrogel to augment bone formation in a critical-size mandibular defect model in rats. We found that implantation of BMP-2-loaded hydrogel significantly promoted intramembranous ossification within the defect. The region with new bone triggered by BMP-2 harbored abundant CD31+ endomucin+ type H vessels and associated osterix (Osx)+ osteoprogenitor cells. Intriguingly, the new bone comprised large numbers of skeletal stem cells (SSCs) (CD51+ CD200+) and their multi-potent descendants (CD51+ CD105+), which were mainly distributed adjacent to the invaded blood vessels, after implantation of the BMP-2-loaded hydrogel. Meanwhile, BMP-2 further elevated the fraction of CD51+ CD105+ SSC descendants. Overall, the evidence indicates that BMP-2 may recapitulate a close interaction between functional vessels and SSCs. We conclude that BMP-2 augmented coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis in a novel and indispensable way to improve bone regeneration in mandibular defects, and warrants clinical investigation and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yao
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory and Centre of Musculoskeletal Aging and Regeneration, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory and Centre of Musculoskeletal Aging and Regeneration, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wangyong Zhu
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuxiong Su
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenxue Tong
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory and Centre of Musculoskeletal Aging and Regeneration, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lizhen Zheng
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory and Centre of Musculoskeletal Aging and Regeneration, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liang Chang
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory and Centre of Musculoskeletal Aging and Regeneration, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xinluan Wang
- Translational Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yuxiao Lai
- Translational Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory and Centre of Musculoskeletal Aging and Regeneration, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Translational Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Joint Laboratory of Chinese Academic of Science and Hong Kong for Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiankun Xu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory and Centre of Musculoskeletal Aging and Regeneration, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Joint Laboratory of Chinese Academic of Science and Hong Kong for Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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15
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Sun XC, Wang H, Li JH, Yin LQ, Yan YF, Ma X, Xia HF. Active bone material containing modified recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 induces bone regeneration in rabbit spina bifida. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1701-1711. [PMID: 36151747 PMCID: PMC9638956 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221120112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on spina bifida, which is a high incidence among the current clinical manifestations of human birth defects. Because in the treatment of bone defects, the source of autologous bone is limited and it is easy to cause secondary injury to the patient. At the same time, since the bone tissue in animals needs to perform a variety of biological functions, its complex structure cannot be replaced by a single material. Therefore, in this study, we used Japanese white rabbits to establish an animal model similar to human congenital spina bifida. The established animal model is used to screen the best regenerative repair products for the treatment of congenital spondylolisthesis defects, and to evaluate the safety of regenerative repair products. The results show that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 combined with collagen material has a better regeneration effect than collagen material alone, and it did not negatively affect the health of animals. This study is not only suitable for the screening of large-scale biomaterials, accelerating the research progress of regenerative repair products, but also conducive to the research on the mechanism of regeneration and repair of various materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Cheng Sun
- Reproductive and Genetic Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research (NRIFP), National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China,Medical Genetics, Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Reproductive and Genetic Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research (NRIFP), National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China,Graduate Schools, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jian-Hui Li
- Reproductive and Genetic Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research (NRIFP), National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Li-Qiang Yin
- Yantai Zhenghai Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Yantai 264006, China
| | - Yu-Fang Yan
- Yantai Zhenghai Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Yantai 264006, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Reproductive and Genetic Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research (NRIFP), National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China,Graduate Schools, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hong-Fei Xia
- Reproductive and Genetic Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research (NRIFP), National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China,Graduate Schools, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China,Hong-Fei Xia.
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16
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Chakraborty P, Anderson RL, Roy SK. Bone morphogenetic protein 2- and estradiol-17β-induced changes in ovarian transcriptome during primordial follicle formation†. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:800-812. [PMID: 35639639 PMCID: PMC9767675 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Estradiol-17β has been shown to promote primordial follicle formation and to involve bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) as a downstream effector to promote primordial follicle in hamsters. However, the molecular mechanism whereby these factors regulate ovarian somatic cells to pre-granulosa cells transition leading to primordial follicle formation remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine whether BMP2 and/or estradiol-17β would regulate the expression of specific ovarian transcriptome during pre-granulosa cells transition and primordial follicle formation in the mouse ovary. BMP2 mRNA level increased during the period of primordial follicle formation with the concurrent presence of BMP2 protein in ovarian somatic cells. Estradiol-17β but not BMP2 exposure led to increased expression of ovarian BMP2 messenger RNA (mRNA), and the effect of estradiol-17β could not be suppressed by 4-[6-[4-(1-Piperazinyl)phenyl]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]quinoline dihydrochloride (LDN) 193189. BMP2 or estradiol-17β stimulated primordial follicle formation without inducing apoptosis. Ribonucleic acid-sequence analysis (RNA-seq) of ovaries exposed to exogenous BMP2 or estradiol-17β revealed differential expression of several thousand genes. Most of the differentially expressed genes, which were common between BMP2 or estradiol-17β treatment demonstrated concordant changes, suggesting that estradiol-17β and BMP2 affected the same set of genes during primordial follicle formation. Further, we have identified that estradiol-17β, in cooperation with BMP2, could affect the expression of three major transcription factors, GATA binding protein 2, GATA binding protein 4 and Early growth response 2, and one serine protease, hepsin, in pre-granulosa cells during primordial follicle formation. Taken together, results of this study suggest that estradiol-17β and BMP2 may regulate ovarian gene expression that promote somatic cells to pre-granulosa cells transition and primordial follicle formation in the mouse ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabuddha Chakraborty
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca L Anderson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shyamal K Roy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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17
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Qin R, Cui Z, Zhou H, Guo R, Yao X, Wang T, Qin X, He X. Effect of lentivirus-mediated BMP2 from autologous tooth on the proliferative and osteogenic capacity of human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:869-879. [PMID: 35730345 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontitis is a chronic progressive inflammation that invades periodontal supporting tissues, in which periodontal tissue regeneration engineering offers new hope for prevention and treatment, including seed cells, scaffolds, and growth factors. In recent years, scholars have shown that autologous teeth can be used as new bone tissue repair materials for periodontal regeneration and bone tissue repair. The aim of this study was to establish a human periodontal ligament cell line that expresses the human bone morphogenetic protein 2 gene (BMP2) in a stable manner using lentiviral mediation in order to explore the effect of BMP2 from autologous tooth on the proliferative and osteogenic capacity of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Human periodontal ligament cells were cultured, subcultured, and identified, and then homologous recombinant lentivirus plasmid plv-BMP2 was constructed and transfected into the third passage (P3 ) hPDLCs. After that, the effect of BMP2 on its proliferation was detected by CCK-8, at the same time, the osteogenic induction of hPDLCs was carried out at 7, 14, and 21 days, and then the effect of BMP2 on its osteogenic ability was detected by alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity determination, and the mRNA expression levels of osteogenic-related genes using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, including alkaline phosphatase, runt-related transcription factor 2, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and collagen I. Finally, spss26.0 software was used for statistical processing. RESULTS The results showed that cells transfected with the homologous recombinant lentiviral plasmid pLV-BMP2 had a similar morphology to normal hPDLCs, showing a typical radial arrangement; the cell proliferative capacity of the pLV-BMP2 group as measured by CCK-8 was enhanced compared with the control group and the pLV-puro group (p < .05); alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase activity assay showed that the osteogenic ability of pLV-BMP2 was significantly enhanced compared with the control and pLV-puro groups (p < .01), and the findings of real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR showed high expression of osteogenic-related genes in pLV-BMP2 group (p < .01). CONCLUSION In conclusion, a stable periodontal ligament cell line overexpressing BMP2 was successfully established by a lentivirus-mediated method, which proved that BMP2 has a strong ability to promote the proliferation and osteogenesis of hPDLCs, thereby providing an opportunity for the study of periodontal tissue regeneration as well as providing an experimental basis for the application of autologous teeth as a new type of bone repair material for periodontal therapy and even for maxillofacial bone tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoshan Qin
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ziwei Cui
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongli Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ru Guo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xuanxuan Yao
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaodong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiangyi He
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Putranti NAR, Kunimatsu R, Rikitake K, Hiraki T, Nakajima K, Abe T, Tsuka Y, Sakata S, Nakatani A, Nikawa H, Tanimoto K. Combination of Carbonate Hydroxyapatite and Stem Cells from Human Deciduous Teeth Promotes Bone Regeneration by Enhancing BMP-2, VEGF and CD31 Expression in Immunodeficient Mice. Cells 2022; 11:1914. [PMID: 35741043 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to clarify the efficiency of a combination of stem cells from human deciduous teeth and carbonate apatite in bone regeneration of calvarial defects. Immunodeficient mice (n = 5 for each group/4 groups) with artificial calvarial bone defects (5 mm in diameter) were developed, and stem cells from human deciduous teeth (SHEDs) and carbonate hydroxyapatite (CAP) granules were transplanted with an atelocollagen sponge as a scaffold. A 3D analysis using microcomputed tomography, and 12 weeks after transplantation, histological and immunohistochemical evaluations of markers of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cluster of differentiation (CD) 31 were performed. In the 3D analysis, regenerated bone formation was observed in SHEDs and CAP, with the combination of SHEDs and CAP showing significantly greater bone regeneration than that in the other groups. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluations showed that combining SHEDs and CAP enhanced the expression of BMP-2, VEGF, and CD31, and promoted bone regeneration. This study demonstrates that the combination of SHEDs and CAP transplantation may be a promising tool for bone regeneration in alveolar defects.
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Jeon EY, Um SH, Park J, Jung Y, Cheon CH, Jeon H, Chung JJ. Precisely Localized Bone Regeneration Mediated by Marine-Derived Microdroplets with Superior BMP-2 Binding Affinity. Small 2022; 18:e2200416. [PMID: 35543974 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Prompt and robust bone regeneration has been clinically achieved using supraphysiological doses of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) to overcome the short half-life and rapid clearance. However, uncontrolled burst release of exogenous BMP-2 causes severe complications such as heterotopic ossification and soft tissue inflammation. Therefore, numerous researches have focused on developing a new BMP-2 delivery system for a sustained release profile by immobilizing BMP-2 in various polymeric vehicles. Herein, to avoid denaturation of BMP-2 and enhance therapeutic action via localized delivery, a complex coacervate consisting of fucoidan, a marine-derived glycosaminoglycan, and poly-l-lysine (PLL) is fabricated. Superior BMP-2 binding ability and electrostatic interaction-driven engulfment enable facile and highly efficient microencapsulation of BMP-2. The microencapsulation ability of the coacervate significantly improves BMP-2 bioactivity and provides protection against antagonist and proteolysis, while allowing prolonged release. Moreover, BMP-2 containing coacervate is coated on conventional collagen sponges. The bioactivity and localized bone regenerating ability are confirmed through in vitro (human-derived stem cells), and in vivo (calvarial bone defect model) evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Jeon
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Um
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Park
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmee Jung
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Hong Cheon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojeong Jeon
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Justin J Chung
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
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20
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Marquetti I, Desai S. Nanoscale Topographical Effects on the Adsorption Behavior of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 on Graphite. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2432. [PMID: 35269575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and the surface of biomaterials is essential for the restoration of bone and cartilage tissue, inducing cellular differentiation and proliferation. The properties of the surface, including topology features, regulate the conformation and bioactivity of the protein. In this research, we investigated the influence of nanopatterned surfaces on the interaction of a homodimer BMP-2 with graphite material by combining molecular dynamics (MD) and steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations. The graphite substrates were patterned as flat, linear grating, square, and circular profiles in combination with BMP-2 conformation in the side-on configuration. Ramachandran plots for the wrist and knuckle epitopes indicated no steric hindrances and provided binding sites to type I and type II receptors. Results showed two optimal patterns that increased protein adsorption of the lower monomer while preserving the secondary structure and leaving the upper monomer free to interact with the cells. Charged residues arginine and lysine and polar residues histidine and tyrosine were the main residues responsible for the strong interaction with the graphite surface. This research provides new molecular-level insights to further understand the mechanisms underlying protein adsorption on nanoscale patterned substrates.
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21
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Plantz M, Lyons J, Yamaguchi JT, Greene AC, Ellenbogen DJ, Hallman MJ, Shah V, Yun C, Jakus AE, Procissi D, Minardi S, Shah RN, Hsu WK, Hsu EL. Preclinical Safety of a 3D-Printed Hydroxyapatite-Demineralized Bone Matrix Scaffold for Spinal Fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2022; 47:82-89. [PMID: 34115714 PMCID: PMC8765284 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized, controlled preclinical study. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the host inflammatory response of our previously described hyperelastic, 3D-printed (3DP) hydroxyapatite (HA)-demineralized bone matrix (DBM) composite scaffold to the response elicited with the use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in a preclinical rat posterolateral lumbar fusion model. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Our group previously found that this 3D-printed HA-DBM composite material shows promise as a bone graft substitute in a preclinical rodent model, but its safety profile had yet to be assessed. METHODS Sixty female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent bilateral posterolateral intertransverse lumbar spinal fusion using with the following implants: 1) type I absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) alone; 2) 10 μg rhBMP-2/ACS; or 3) the 3DP HA-DBM composite scaffold (n = 20). The host inflammatory response was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging, while the local and circulating cytokine expression levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays at subsequent postoperative time points (N = 5/time point). RESULTS At both 2 and 5 days postoperatively, treatment with the HA-DBM scaffold produced significantly less soft tissue edema at the fusion bed site relative to rhBMP-2-treated animals as quantified on magnetic resonance imaging. At every postoperative time point evaluated, the level of soft tissue edema in HA-DBM-treated animals was comparable to that of the ACS control group. At 2 days postoperatively, serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 were significantly elevated in the rhBMP-2 treatment group relative to ACS controls, whereas these cytokines were not elevated in the HA-DBM-treated animals. CONCLUSION The 3D-printed HA-DBM composite induces a significantly reduced host inflammatory response in a preclinical spinal fusion model relative to rhBMP-2.Level of Evidence: N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Plantz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Center for Regenerative Nanomedicine, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chicago, IL
| | - Joseph Lyons
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Center for Regenerative Nanomedicine, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chicago, IL
| | - Jonathan T. Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Center for Regenerative Nanomedicine, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chicago, IL
| | - Allison C. Greene
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Center for Regenerative Nanomedicine, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chicago, IL
| | - David J. Ellenbogen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Center for Regenerative Nanomedicine, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chicago, IL
| | - Mitchell J. Hallman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Center for Regenerative Nanomedicine, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chicago, IL
| | - Vivek Shah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Center for Regenerative Nanomedicine, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chicago, IL
| | - Chawon Yun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Center for Regenerative Nanomedicine, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - Silvia Minardi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Center for Regenerative Nanomedicine, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chicago, IL
| | - Ramille N. Shah
- Center for Regenerative Nanomedicine, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chicago, IL
- Dimension Inx Corp, Chicago, IL
| | - Wellington K. Hsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Center for Regenerative Nanomedicine, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chicago, IL
| | - Erin L. Hsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Center for Regenerative Nanomedicine, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chicago, IL
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22
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Xu C, Wang M, Zandieh-Doulabi B, Sun W, Wei L, Liu Y. To B (Bone Morphogenic Protein-2) or Not to B (Bone Morphogenic Protein-2): Mesenchymal Stem Cells May Explain the Protein's Role in Osteosarcomagenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:740783. [PMID: 34869325 PMCID: PMC8635864 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.740783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS), a primary malignant bone tumor, stems from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and/or committed osteoblast precursors. Distant metastases, in particular pulmonary and skeletal metastases, are common in patients with OS. Moreover, extensive resection of the primary tumor and bone metastases usually leads to bone defects in these patients. Bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) has been widely applied in bone regeneration with the rationale that BMP-2 promotes osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs. Thus, BMP-2 might be useful after OS resection to repair bone defects. However, the potential tumorigenicity of BMP-2 remains a concern that has impeded the administration of BMP-2 in patients with OS and in populations susceptible to OS with severe bone deficiency (e.g., in patients with genetic mutation diseases and aberrant activities of bone metabolism). In fact, some studies have drawn the opposite conclusion about the effect of BMP-2 on OS progression. Given the roles of BMSCs in the origination of OS and osteogenesis, we hypothesized that the responses of BMSCs to BMP-2 in the tumor milieu may be responsible for OS development. This review focuses on the relationship among BMSCs, BMP-2, and OS cells; a better understanding of this relationship may elucidate the accurate mechanisms of actions of BMP-2 in osteosarcomagenesis and thereby pave the way for clinically safer and broader administration of BMP-2 in the future. For example, a low dosage of and a slow-release delivery strategy for BMP-2 are potential topics for exploration to treat OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Xu
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mingjie Wang
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Behrouz Zandieh-Doulabi
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfei Wei
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Oral Implantology, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yuelian Liu
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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23
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Wang X, Li Z, Wang Z, Liu H, Cui Y, Liu Y, Ren M, Zhan H, Li Z, Wu M, Wang J. Incorporation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Osteoprotegerin in 3D-Printed Ti6Al4V Scaffolds Enhances Osseointegration Under Osteoporotic Conditions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:754205. [PMID: 34805113 PMCID: PMC8600075 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.754205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an age-related metabolic disease that results in limited bone regeneration capacity and excessive osteoclast activity. After arthroplasty in patients with osteoporosis, poor interface osseointegration resulting from insufficient bone regeneration ability often leads to catastrophic complications such as prosthesis displacement and loosening and periprosthetic fractures. In this study, we prepared a thermosensitive hydrogel loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) to promote osteogenesis and osteoprotegerin (OPG) to inhibit excessive osteoclast activity. To construct three-dimensional (3D)-printed composite scaffolds for implantation, a hydrogel loaded with drugs was injected into porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds. The 3D-printed composite scaffolds showed good biocompatibility and sustained release of BMP-2 and OPG for more than 20 days. In vitro experiments indicated that composite scaffolds promoted osteogenic differentiation and reduced the osteoclastic activation simultaneously. Remarkably, immunofluorescence staining, micro-CT, histological, and biomechanical tests demonstrated that the sustained release of both BMP-2 and OPG from composite scaffolds significantly improved bone ingrowth and osseointegration in osteoporotic defects. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the BMP-2- and OPG-loaded 3D-printed composite scaffolds can potentially promote osseointegration for osteoporotic patients after joint replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianggang Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengyan Li
- Shi’s Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Traumatology, Shanghai Academy of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghan Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - He Liu
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Yutao Cui
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Yuzhe Liu
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Ren
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhan
- Shi’s Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Traumatology, Shanghai Academy of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuhao Li
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Minfei Wu
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
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Wu H, Yin G, Pu X, Wang J, Liao X, Huang Z. Inhibitory Effects of Combined Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor on Osteoclast Differentiation and Activity. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 27:1387-1398. [PMID: 33632010 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGF) are important regulators of bone development and bone remodeling involving the coordination of osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. The synergistic promotions of these growth factors on osteogenesis in the appropriate combination have been confirmed by a lot of studies, but the effect of this combined application on osteoclastogenesis still remains ambiguous. On the basis of comparing the osteoclastic potentials under stimulation of BMP-2, VEGF, or bFGF alone, this study focused on their combined effects on the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts. Our results showed that osteoclastogenesis was enhanced to some extent under the stimulation of BMP-2, VEGF, or bFGF alone, and the potential of these three growth factors to stimulate osteoclastogenesis was VEGF > BMP-2 > bFGF. However, the treatment with the combination of BMP-2 (50 ng/mL), VEGF (1 ng/mL), and bFGF (10 ng/mL), the most suitable dose combination for osteogenesis optimized in our previous study, weakened osteoclast differentiation confirmed by smaller tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells, lower TRAP activity, and lower expression of dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein, an important molecule regulating osteoclast fusion. Moreover, BMP-2, VEGF, and bFGF in combination also moderately inhibited the bone-resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts by suppressing the expression of osteoclast-specific genes cathepsin K, and matrix metalloproteinase-9. The underlying molecular mechanisms involved the suppression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-induced c-Fos levels and the activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1, two major transcription factors in osteoclast differentiation. Taken together, our study showed that the combination of BMP-2 (50 ng/mL), VEGF (1 ng/mL), and bFGF (10 ng/mL) promoted osteoblastogenesis but inhibited osteoclastogenesis. Thus, the simultaneous use of BMP-2 (50 ng/mL), VEGF (1 ng/mL), and bFGF (10 ng/mL) in an appropriate combination might improve efficacious bone regeneration in a clinical setting. Impact statement Few studies have addressed the combined effects of multiple growth factors on osteoclasts. This study demonstrated that the simultaneous use of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2; 50 ng/mL), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; 1 ng/mL), and basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGF; 10 ng/mL), the most suitable dose combination for osteogenesis optimized in our previous study, showed inhibitory effects on the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts. Our results suggest that the growth factor signaling pathways in osteoclasts may interact with each other. Furthermore, this study could provide new insights into the optimal application of BMP-2, VEGF, and bFGF for bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Guangfu Yin
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Ximing Pu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Liao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Zhongbing Huang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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25
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Kim SH, Choi HJ, Yoon DS, Son CN. Serial administration of rhBMP-2 and alendronate enhances the differentiation of osteoblasts. Int J Rheum Dis 2021; 24:1266-1272. [PMID: 34324274 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The incorporation of growth factors is an effective strategy to accelerate bone induction. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) promotes osteoblast differentiation and induces bone formation. Alendronate (ALN) is an osteoclast deactivation drug. We investigated the effect of serial administration of recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) and ALN on osteoblast differentiation. METHODS The effect of serial administration of rhBMP-2 (0-150 ng/mL) and ALN (0-15 µmol/L) on the viability and differentiation of a clonal murine calvarial cell line, MC3T3-E1, was evaluated at various concentrations and for different periods. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to assess cell viability. The alkaline phosphatase activity was evaluated as an indicator of osteogenic differentiation. The expression levels of runt domain-containing transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteopontin (OPN) were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Statistical analyses were performed using Student's t test. RESULTS The serial treatment with rhBMP-2 and ALN increased the expression of the differentiation-related factors Runx2 and OPN, as well as the differentiation ability of osteoblasts compared with individual or simultaneous treatment. The osteoblasts treated with rhBMP-2 followed by ALN showed the highest differentiation. The degree of differentiation in the group treated with rhBMP-2 for 7 days followed by ALN for 3 days was increased by 1.5 times compared with that of the group treated with rhBMP-2 alone (P < .01). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the serial administration of rhBMP-2 and ALN may exert osteogenic effects on osteoblastic cells via the upregulation of Runx2 and OPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyon Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Emergency Medical Technology, Gyeongbuk Provincial College, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - Dae Sung Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University College of Health Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Nam Son
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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26
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Ku JK, Lee KG, Ghim MS, Kim YK, Park SH, Park Y, Cho YS, Lee BK. Onlay-graft of 3D printed Kagome-structure PCL scaffold incorporated with rhBMP-2 based on hyaluronic acid hydrogel. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34181586 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac0f47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The onlay-graft, one of the most difficult graft conditions, is used for diverse clinical conditions, including plastic and dental surgery. The graft should withstand continuous pressure from overlying tissues and have excellent bone formation capability in a limited bone contact situation. We recently developed a 3D printed Kagome-structured polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold that has a stronger mechanical property. This study evaluated the clinical feasibility of this scaffold for onlay-graft use. The value of the scaffold containing recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in a hyaluronate-based hydrogel (rhBMP-2/HA) to enhance bone regeneration was also assessed. 3D-printed Kagome-PCL scaffolds alone (n= 12, group I) or loaded with rhBMP-2/HA (n= 12, group II) were grafted using a rat calvarial onlay-graft model. Following sacrifice at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, all 3D-printed Kagome-PCL scaffolds were accurately positioned and firmly integrated to the recipient bone. Micro-computed tomography and histology analyses revealed a constant height of the scaffolds over time in all animals. New bone grew into the scaffolds in both groups, but with greater volume in group II. These results suggest the promising clinical feasibility of the 3D-printed Kagome-PCL scaffold for onlay-graft use and it could substitute the conventional onlay-graft in the plastic and dental reconstructive surgery in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Kui Ku
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 211 Eonju-ro, Gandnam-gu, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Gon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Ghim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyun Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul University Bundang Hospital, 81, Saemaul-ro 117, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13634, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyug Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National Universtiy, 45, Yongso-Ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongdoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sam Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea.,Department of Mechanical and Design Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Bu-Kyu Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
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Başçıl S, Turhan İyidir Ö, Bayraktar N, Ertörer ME, Başçıl Tütüncü N. Severe chronic periodontitis is not common in Acromegaly: Potential protective role of gingival BMP-2. Turk J Med Sci 2021; 51:1172-1178. [PMID: 33421969 PMCID: PMC8283429 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2006-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Advanced chronic periodontitis is observed rarely in acromegaly. Periodontal tissue including the alveolar bone is seemed to be spared from the systemic metabolic derangements of bone in this patient population. Chronic elevation of growth hormone, IGF-1, and bone morphogenetic proteins may play a role in periodontal tissue regeneration in acromegalics. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential roles of local gingival bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) in periodontal tissue pathology in acromegaly. Materials and methods Thirty-five patients with acromegaly and 22 healthy subjects were recruited. All the participants were examined by the same periodontologist for the diagnosis of periodontal diseases. BMP-2 and -4 were studied in gingival crevicular fluid. Results Gingival BMP-2 and BMP-4 levels were similar in acromegaly and control groups in general, with and without chronic periodontitis. For all the participants, gingival BMP-2 levels were statistically lower in those participants with chronic periodontitis then those without periodontitis (29.4 ± 11.2 vs. 41.2 ± 23.2, respectively, p = 0.027). Causal relation between the gingival BMP levels and periodontal tissue health status was tested with one way ANOVA which revealed a significant difference between gingival BMP-2 levels in those with different degrees of periodontal tissue pathology (p = 0.025). When analyzed separately, gingival BMP-2 levels revealed a causal relation with the degree of periodontal pathology with borderline significance only in patients with acromegaly (p = 0.057). Conclusion Acromegaly is a disease with an unexpectedly low frequency of advanced periodontitis, irrespective of the long disease duration and pathognomonic oral manifestations. BMP-2 might have a protective role against chronic advanced periodontitis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Başçıl
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Başkent University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Özlem Turhan İyidir
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Bayraktar
- Department of Biochemistry,Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melek Eda Ertörer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Başçıl Tütüncü
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Zhang JM, Yu RQ, Wu FZ, Qiao L, Wu XR, Fu YJ, Liang YF, Pang Y, Xie CY. BMP-2 alleviates heart failure with type 2 diabetes mellitus and doxorubicin-induced AC16 cell injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:897. [PMID: 34257710 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) and diabetes mellitus are associated with morbidity and mortality. CHF and diabetes generally simultaneously occur, resulting in adverse outcomes. Diabetes complicates cardiomyopathy and exacerbates heart failure conditions. An increase in natriuretic peptides, including atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and another endsogenously generated peptide, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), serves an essential role in CHF. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular regulation between bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and ANP or BNP in diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy. In total, 25 serum samples were collected from patients with CHF with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus to compare with 25 controls. Cardiomyopathy and hyperglycemia were induced in rats by doxorubicin and streptozotocin, respectively. AC16 cells were used to study molecular mechanisms. BMP, ANP and BNP concentration in patients and rats were measured by ELISA. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze cell pyroptosis and ROS production. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to examine mRNA and protein expression of NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), pro-caspase-1, caspase-1 (p20) and gasdermin D. BMP-2 was negatively correlated with ANP and BNP in CHF patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Similar results were obtained in rats and AC16 cells. BMP-2 decreased the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cell pyroptosis. The present study found evidence that the cardioprotective effects of BMP-2 act through ANP and BNP both in vivo and in vitro. BMP-2 inhibits inflammasome formation. The results suggested that BMP-2 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic heart conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Mei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Qun Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Zhu Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, P.R. China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Rong Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Jie Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Feng Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, P.R. China
| | - Yu Pang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yi Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, P.R. China
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Lim HC, Paeng KW, Jung UW, Benic GI. Effectiveness of xenogeneic and synthetic bone-block substitute materials with/without recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2: A preclinical study using a rabbit calvarium model. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:1126-1136. [PMID: 34109662 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate new bone (NB) formation by using bone-block substitute materials with/without recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). MATERIALS AND METHODS Three synthetic bone-block substitute materials [biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP); nanostructured hydroxyapatite (NH); 3D-printed tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite (3DP)] and one xenogeneic deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) block substitute were affixed to rabbit calvarium using osteosynthesis screws, either with rhBMP-2 (n = 12) or without rhBMP-2 (n = 16). At 2 or 12 weeks (n = 6 with rhBMP-2 and n = 8 without rhBMP-2 for each week), histologic, histomorphometric and microcomputed tomography analyses were performed. RESULTS The application of rhBMP-2 increased NB formation in all experimental groups at both weeks. DBBM resulted in a greater area of NB compared with synthetic blocks either with or without rhBMP-2 at 2 weeks (2.8 ± 0.9 vs. 1.4 ± 0.5-1.9 ± 1.4 mm2 ; 1.4 ± 1.0 vs. 0.6 ± 0.3-0.9 ± 0.5 mm2 ) and without rhBMP-2 at 12 weeks (3.0 ± 0.8 vs. 1.7 ± 0.7-2.6 ± 1.5 mm2 ) (p > 0.05). NB formation did not differ significantly for DBBM and the three types of synthetic block with rhBMP-2 at 12 weeks (4.5 ± 2.0 vs. 3.8 ± 0.7-5.1 ± 1.1 mm2 ; p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS rhBMP-2 enhanced NB in all blocks. DBBM blocks yielded more NB than synthetic blocks without rhBMP-2. The application of rhBMP-2 appears to compensate for differences in late healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Chang Lim
- Department of Periodontology, Periodontal-Implant Clinical Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeong-Won Paeng
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ui-Won Jung
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Goran I Benic
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Research and Education in Dental Medicine, Lugano, Switzerland
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Kim J, Lee S, Choi Y, Choi J, Kang BJ. Sustained Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 through Alginate Microbeads Enhances Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Tibial Metaphyseal Defect Model. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:2600. [PMID: 34067593 PMCID: PMC8156783 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is widely used to enhance bone regeneration. However, because of its short half-life and rapid disappearance, large amounts of BMP-2 are needed, leading to unintended side effects. In this study, BMP-2-encapsulated alginate microbeads (AM) were used to enhance bone regeneration. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed the sustained release of BMP-2 from AM. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-adsorbing aptamer-conjugated hydroxyapatite (Apt-HA) was used for osteoconduction and dual delivery of VEGF and BMP-2. For in vivo bone regeneration evaluation, the grafts (1) Apt-HA + phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), (2) Apt-HA + AM without BMP-2, (3) Apt-HA + BMP-2, and (4) Apt-HA + AM encapsulated with BMP-2 were implanted into rabbit tibial metaphyseal defects. After four weeks, micro-computed tomography (CT), histological, and histomorphometric analyses were performed to evaluate bone regeneration. The Apt-HA + AM with BMP-2 group revealed a significantly higher new bone volume and bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) in both cortical and trabecular bone than the others. Furthermore, as evaluated by histomorphometric analysis, BMP-2 AM exhibited a significantly higher bone formation area than the others, indicating that AM could be used to efficiently deliver BMP-2 through sustained release. Moreover, the combined application of BMP-2-encapsulated Apt-HA + AM may effectively promote bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Seoyun Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yonghyun Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Byung-Jae Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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31
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Shoji S, Uchida K, Tazawa R, Saito W, Kuroda A, Sekiguchi H, Ishii D, Inoue S, Inoue G, Takaso M. Acceleration of bone formation using in situ-formed hyaluronan-hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein-2 in a mouse critical size bone defect model. Biomed Mater Eng 2021; 32:207-215. [PMID: 33780358 DOI: 10.3233/bme-201172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An enzymatic crosslinking strategy using hydrogen peroxide and horseradish peroxidase is receiving increasing attention for application with in situ-formed hydrogels (IFHGs). IFHGs may also be ideal carrier materials for bone repair, although their ability to carry bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) has yet to be examined. OBJECTIVE We examined the effectiveness of an IFHG made of hyaluronan (IFHG-HA) containing BMP2 for promoting bone formation in a mouse critical size bone defect model. METHODS C57/BL6J mice received a 2-mm femoral critical-sized bone defect before being randomly assigned to one of the following treatment groups (n = 6): control (no treatment), IFHG-HA only, PBS with BMP2, and IFHG-HA with BMP2. X-ray radiographs were utilized to track new bone formation, and micro-computed tomography and histological examination were performed on new bone formed at the bone defect site two weeks after surgery. RESULTS Mice treated with PBS with BMP2 and IFHG-HA with BMP2 had greater bone volume (BV) and bone mineral content (BMC) than those receiving control, and successfully achieved consolidation. Mice treated with IFHG-HA with BMP2 had significantly higher BV and BMC than those treated with PBS with BMP2. CONCLUSIONS IFHG-HA may be an effective carrier for BMP2 to enable delivery for bone defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Shoji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Uchida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.,Shonan University of Medical Sciences Research Institute, Chigasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Tazawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Saito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kuroda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sekiguchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.,Shonan University of Medical Sciences Research Institute, Chigasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ishii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sho Inoue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Gen Inoue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Takaso
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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32
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Zhu W, Kong C, Pan F, Ouyang M, Sun K, Lu S. Engineered collagen-binding bone morphogenetic protein-2 incorporated with platelet-rich plasma accelerates lumbar fusion in aged rats with osteopenia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1577-1585. [PMID: 33757339 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211001039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In aged individuals, osteopenia is a great concern for achieving solid spinal fusion. Spinal malunion could lead to various implant-related complications and reduce postoperative quality of life. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of collagen-binding bone morphogenetic protein-2 (CBD-BMP-2) on the treatment of lumbar inter-transverse defects and to explore whether platelet-rich plasma could help CBD-BMP-2 to achieve a better outcome in terms of osteogenesis in senile rats with osteopenia. In vitro experiment proved the angiogenic function of platelet-rich plasma and osteogenic effect of CBD-BMP-2. Rats were performed posterolateral lumbar inter-transverse fusion. Rats implanted with CBD-BMP-2 + platelet-rich plasma were assigned to Group A (n = 20), rats implanted with CBD-BMP-2 were assigned to Group B (n = 20), and those with platelet-rich plasma were assigned to Group C (n = 20). Four weeks after implantation, radiographic assessment, manual palpation, and histological evaluation were performed. In vivo experiments showed satisfactory therapeutic effect on lumbar inter-transverse fusion in both Groups A and B and better results of bone microarchitecture in Group A. Solid fusion rate was 77.8% in Group A, 66.7% in Group B, and 0% in Group C (P < 0.001). Our study indicated that CBD-BMP-2 could effectively facilitate the lumbar inter-transverse fusion in aged rats with osteopenia and platelet-rich plasma could help CBD-BMP-2 to enhance the bone healing of vertebral defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Chao Kong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Fumin Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Miao Ouyang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Kang Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Shibao Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
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Zou M, Sun J, Xiang Z. Induction of M2-Type Macrophage Differentiation for Bone Defect Repair via an Interpenetration Network Hydrogel with a GO-Based Controlled Release System. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001502. [PMID: 33464711 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, biomaterials with immune-regulating properties have emerged as crucial new platforms for bone tissue engineering. Inducing macrophages to differentiate into M2 subtype can reduce immune inflammatory response and accelerate tissue repair after implantation. An interpenetration network hydrogel is developed utilizing graphene oxide (GO)-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC)/poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), in which two bioactive molecules, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), are loaded and released in a controlled manner to induce macrophages to differentiate into M2 type and enhance bone formation. These two factors are initially loaded with GO and then embedded into the CMC/PEGDA hydrogel for sustained release. Results indicate that the hydrogel shows enhanced mechanical stiffness, strength, and stability. The hydrogel loaded with IL-4 and BMP-2 significantly promotes both macrophage M2-type differentiation and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis differentiation in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo studies show that the implantation of this hydrogel markedly reduces local inflammation while enhancing bone regeneration at 8 weeks post-implantation. In all, the findings suggest that hydrogel loaded with IL-4 and BMP-2 has synergistic effects on bone regeneration. Such an induction and immunomodulation system offers a promising strategy for the development of future bone immune regulation and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, No. 1 People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
- Division of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
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Hu Y, Zhao QW, Wang ZC, Fang QQ, Zhu H, Hong DS, Liang XG, Lou D, Tan WQ. Co-transfection with BMP2 and FGF2 via chitosan nanoparticles potentiates osteogenesis in human adipose-derived stromal cells in vitro. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060521997679. [PMID: 33769121 PMCID: PMC8166400 DOI: 10.1177/0300060521997679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate if co-transfection of human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2, BMP2) and human fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2, FGF2) via chitosan nanoparticles promotes osteogenesis in human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Recombinant BMP2 and/or FGF2 expression vectors were constructed and packaged into chitosan nanoparticles. The chitosan nanoparticles were characterized by atomic force microscopy. Gene and protein expression levels of BMP-2 and FGF2 in ADSCs in vitro were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Osteocalcin (OCN) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) gene expression were also evaluated by real-time PCR to assess osteogenesis. RESULTS The prepared chitosan nanoparticles were spherical with a relatively homogenous size distribution. The BMP2 and FGF2 vectors were successfully transfected into ADSCs. BMP-2 and FGF2 mRNA and protein levels were significantly up-regulated in the co-transfection group compared with the control group. OCN and BSP mRNA levels were also significantly increased in the co-transfection group compared with cells transfected with BMP2 or FGF2 alone, suggesting that co-transfection significantly enhanced osteogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Co-transfection of human ADSCs with BMP2/FGF2 via chitosan nanoparticles efficiently promotes the osteogenic properties of ADSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Qing-Wei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zheng-Cai Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Qing-Qing Fang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Dong-Sheng Hong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xing-Guang Liang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Dong Lou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei-Qiang Tan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
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35
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Zhao G, Zhang L, Che L, Li H, Liu Y, Fang J. Revisiting bone morphogenetic protein-2 knuckle epitope and redesigning the epitope-derived peptides. J Pept Sci 2021; 27:e3309. [PMID: 33619824 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) plays a crucial role in bone formation, growth and regeneration, which adopts a conformational wrist epitope and a linear knuckle epitope to interact with its type-I (BRI) and type-II (BRII) receptors, respectively. In this study, we systematically examine the BRII-recognition site of BMP2 at structural, energetic and dynamic levels and accurately locate hotspots of the recognition at BMP2-BRII complex interface. It is revealed that the traditional knuckle epitope (BMP2 residue range 73-92) do fully match the identified hotspots; the BMP2-recognition site includes the C-terminal region of traditional knuckle epitope as well as its flanked β-strands. In addition, the protein context of full-length BMP2 is also responsible for the recognition by addressing conformational constraint on the native epitope segment. Therefore, we herein redefine the knuckle epitope to BMP2 residue range 84-102, which has a similar sequence length but is slid along the protein sequence by ~10 residues as compared to traditional knuckle epitope. The redefined one is also a linear epitope that is natively a double-stranded β-sheet with two asymmetric arms as compared to the natively single β-strand of the traditional version, although their sequences are partially overlapped to each other. It is revealed that the redefined epitope-derived peptide LN84-102 exhibits an improved affinity by >3-fold relative to the traditional epitope-derived peptide KL73-92 . Even so, the LN84-102 peptide still cannot fully represent the BMP2 recognition event by BRII that has been reported to have a nanomolar affinity. We further introduce a disulfide bond across the two arms of double-stranded β-sheet to constrain the free LN84-102 peptide conformation, which mimics the conformational constraint addressed by protein context. Consequently, several cyclic peptides are redesigned, in which the LN84-102 (cyc89-101) is determined to exhibit a sub-micromolar affinity; this value is ~5-fold higher than its linear counterpart. Structural analysis also reveals that the cyclic peptide can interact with BRII in a similar binding mode with the redefined knuckle epitope region in full-length BMP2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzong Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Yidu Central Hospital Affiliated to Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Longqiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Yidu Central Hospital Affiliated to Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lifan Che
- Department of Gynecology, Yidu Central Hospital Affiliated to Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Huazhuang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Yidu Central Hospital Affiliated to Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Yidu Central Hospital Affiliated to Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, Yidu Central Hospital Affiliated to Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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Huang KH, Wang CY, Chen CY, Hsu TT, Lin CP. Incorporation of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate into a Mesoporous Calcium Silicate/Poly-ε-Caprolactone Scaffold to Regulate the Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Accelerate Bone Regeneration. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020128. [PMID: 33572786 PMCID: PMC7911692 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and scaffolds play an important role in tissue regeneration by supporting cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. The design of a scaffold is critical in determining its feasibility, and it is critical to note that each tissue is unique in terms of its morphology and composition. However, calcium-silicate-based scaffolds are undegradable, which severely limits their application in bone regeneration. In this study, we developed a biodegradable mesoporous calcium silicate (MS)/calcium sulfate (CS)/poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) composite and fabricated a composite scaffold with 3D printing technologies. In addition, we were able to load bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) into MS powder via a one-step immersion procedure. The results demonstrated that the MS/CS scaffold gradually degraded within 3 months. More importantly, the scaffold exhibited a gradual release of BMP-2 throughout the test period. The adhesion and proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells on the MS/CS/BMP-2 (MS/CS/B) scaffold were significantly greater than that on the MS/CS scaffold. It was also found that cells cultured on the MS/CS/B scaffold had significantly higher levels of alkaline phosphatase activity and angiogenic-related protein expression. The MS/CS/B scaffold promoted the growth of new blood vessels and bone regeneration within 4 weeks of implantation in rabbits with induced critical-sized femoral defects. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the 3D-printed MS/CS/B scaffold can act both as a conventional BMP-2 delivery system and as an ideal osteoinductive biomaterial for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hao Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan; (K.-H.H.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100229, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ying Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan; (K.-H.H.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100229, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan; (K.-H.H.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Tuan-Ti Hsu
- X-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-T.H.); (C.-P.L.); Tel.: +886-4-22967979 (ext. 3703) (T.-T.H.); +886-2-2312-3456 (ext. 67980) or +886-2-2312-3456 (ext. 67221) (C.-P.L.)
| | - Chun-Pin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan; (K.-H.H.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100229, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-T.H.); (C.-P.L.); Tel.: +886-4-22967979 (ext. 3703) (T.-T.H.); +886-2-2312-3456 (ext. 67980) or +886-2-2312-3456 (ext. 67221) (C.-P.L.)
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Bedair TM, Lee CK, Kim DS, Baek SW, Bedair HM, Joshi HP, Choi UY, Park KH, Park W, Han I, Han DK. Magnesium hydroxide-incorporated PLGA composite attenuates inflammation and promotes BMP2-induced bone formation in spinal fusion. J Tissue Eng 2020; 11:2041731420967591. [PMID: 33178410 PMCID: PMC7592173 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420967591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal fusion has become a common surgical technique to join two or more
vertebrae to stabilize a damaged spine; however, the rate of pseudarthrosis
(failure of fusion) is still high. To minimize pseudarthrosis, bone
morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) has been approved for use in humans. In this
study, we developed a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) composite incorporated
with magnesium hydroxide (MH) nanoparticles for the delivery of BMP2. This study
aimed to evaluate the effects of released BMP2 from BMP2-immobilized PLGA/MH
composite scaffold in an in vitro test and an in vivo mice spinal fusion model.
The PLGA/MH composite films were fabricated via solvent casting technique. The
surface of the PLGA/MH composite scaffold was modified with polydopamine (PDA)
to effectively immobilize BMP2 on the PLGA/MH composite scaffold. Analyzes of
the scaffold revealed that using PLGA/MH-PDA improved hydrophilicity,
degradation performance, neutralization effects, and increased BMP2 loading
efficiency. In addition, releasing BMP2 from the PLGA/MH scaffold significantly
promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.
Furthermore, the pH neutralization effect significantly increased in MC3T3-E1
cells cultured on the BMP2-immobilized PLGA/MH scaffold. In our animal study,
the PLGA/MH scaffold as a BMP2 carrier attenuates inflammatory responses and
promotes BMP2-induced bone formation in posterolateral spinal fusion model.
These results collectively demonstrate that the BMP2-immobilized PLGA/MH
scaffold offers great potential in effectively inducing bone formation in spinal
fusion surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek M Bedair
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Chang Kyu Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Seul Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woon Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanan M Bedair
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Hari Prasad Joshi
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bungdang Medical Center, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Yong Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bungdang Medical Center, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Hong Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Park
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-Si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - InBo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bungdang Medical Center, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keun Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Wigmosta TB, Popat KC, Kipper MJ. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery from polyelectrolyte multilayers enhances osteogenic activity on nanostructured titania. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:1173-1182. [PMID: 32985077 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Incomplete osseointegration is primary cause of failure for orthopedic implants. New biomaterials that present stable signals promoting osteogenesis could reduce failure rates of orthopedic implants. In this study bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) was delivered from titania nanotubes (Nt) modified with chitosan/heparin polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs). The surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. BMP-2 release from the surfaces was measured in vitro for up to 28 days. After an initial burst release of BMP-2 during the first 2 days, most of the BMP-2 remained on the surface. To determine the osteogenic properties of these surfaces, they were seeded with rat bone marrow cells; alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, total protein, calcium deposition, and osteocalcin were measured up to 4 weeks in vitro. When compared to Nt surfaces, the surfaces with BMP-2 induce greater osteocalcin and calcium deposition. PEMs provide sustained presentation of BMP-2, from a biomimetic surface. This enhances the osteogenic properties of the surface without requiring supraphysiologic growth factor dose. This growth factor delivery strategy could be used to improve bone healing outcomes and reduce complications for recipients of orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara B Wigmosta
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Ketul C Popat
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Matt J Kipper
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Khorsand B, Acri TM, Do A, Femino JE, Petersen E, Fredericks DC, Salem AK. A Multi-Functional Implant Induces Bone Formation in a Diabetic Model. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000770. [PMID: 32815306 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have defective healing of bone fractures. It was previously shown that nonviral gene delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) that independently encodes bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), acts synergistically to promote bone regeneration in a DM animal model. Additionally, both insulin (INS) and the hormonally active form of vitamin D3, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2 D3 ) (VD3) have independently been shown to play key roles in regulating bone fracture healing in DM patients. However, these individual therapies fail to adequately stimulate bone regeneration, illustrating a need for novel treatment of bone fractures in diabetic patients. Here, the ability of local delivery of INS and VD3 along with BMP-2 and FGF-2 genes is investigated to promote bone formation ectopically in Type-2 diabetic rats. A composite consisting of VD3 and INS is developed that contains poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles (MPs) embedded in a fibrin gel surrounded by a collagen matrix that is permeated with polyethylenimine (PEI)-(pBMP-2+pFGF-2) nanoplexes. Using a submuscular osteoinduction model, it is demonstrated that local delivery of INS, VD3, and PEI-(pBMP-2+pFGF-2) significantly improves bone generation compared to other treatments, thusimplicating this approach as a method to promote bone regeneration in DM patients with bone fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnoush Khorsand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics University of Iowa College of Pharmacy Iowa City IA 52242 USA
| | - Timothy M. Acri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics University of Iowa College of Pharmacy Iowa City IA 52242 USA
| | - Anh‐Vu Do
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics University of Iowa College of Pharmacy Iowa City IA 52242 USA
| | - John E. Femino
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 USA
| | - Emily Petersen
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 USA
| | - Douglas C. Fredericks
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 USA
| | - Aliasger K. Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics University of Iowa College of Pharmacy Iowa City IA 52242 USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Calcification serves as a surrogate for atherosclerosis-associated vascular diseases, and coronary artery calcification is mediated by multiple pathogenic factors. Estrogen is a known factor that protects the arterial wall against atherosclerosis, but its role in the coronary artery calcification development remains largely unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that estrogen inhibits coronary artery calcification via the hypoxia-induced factor-1α pathway. METHODS Eight-week-old healthy female Sprague-Dawley rats were castrated, and vitamin D3 was administered orally to establish. Hypoxia-induced factor-1 inhibitor was administered to test its effect on vascular calcification and expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and runt-related transcription factor-2. Vascular smooth muscle cell calcification was induced with CaCl2 in rat aortic smooth muscle cells in the presence or absence of E2(17β-estradiol) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 siRNA intervention. RESULTS The estrogen levels in ovariectomized rats were significantly decreased, as determined by ELISA. Expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1α mRNA and protein was significantly increased in vascular cells with calcification as compared to those without calcification (p < 0.01). E2 treatment decreased the calcium concentration in vascular cell calcification and cell calcium nodules in vitro (p < 0.05). E2 also lowered the levels of hypoxia-induced factor-1α mRNA and protein (p < 0.01). Oral administration of the hypoxia-induced factor-1α inhibitor dimethyloxetane in castrated rats alleviated vascular calcification and expression of osteogenesis-related transcription factors, bone morphogenetic protein 2 and RUNX2 (p < 0.01). Finally, bone morphogenetic protein 2 siRNA treatment decreased the levels of p-Smad1/5/8 in A7r5 calcification cells (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Estrogen deficiency enhances vascular calcification. Treatment with estrogen reduces the expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1α as well as vascular calcification in rats. The estrogen effects occur in a fashion dependent on hypoxia-induced factor-1α regulation of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and downstream Smad1/5/8.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/prevention & control
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Female
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Ovariectomy
- Phosphorylation
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Smad Proteins, Receptor-Regulated/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Vascular Calcification/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Trans-plateau Cardiovascular Disease of Prevention and Treatment Research Center, Yunnan, China
- Institute of Trans-plateau Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiuyan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhangrong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Trans-plateau Cardiovascular Disease of Prevention and Treatment Research Center, Yunnan, China
- Institute of Trans-plateau Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong-Jian Geng
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wanting Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Quanyi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Trans-plateau Cardiovascular Disease of Prevention and Treatment Research Center, Yunnan, China
- Institute of Trans-plateau Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
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Xie L, Liu N, Xiao Y, Liu Y, Yan C, Wang G, Jing X. In Vitro and In Vivo Osteogenesis Induced by Icariin and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2: A Dynamic Observation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1058. [PMID: 32760277 PMCID: PMC7373825 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to compare the effects of icariin (ICA) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblast proliferation and osteogenesis in bone defects. We found that in vitro ICA or BMP-2 treatment is able to increase osteoblast proliferation, which was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Specifically, ICA at a concentration of 30 µg/ml had the strongest ability to promote cell proliferation, which is equivalent with the effect of BMP-2 at a concentration of 50 µg/ml. Furthermore, Western blot and RT-qPCR analyses showed that treatment with ICA (20–30 µg/ml) had similar increase effect with BMP-2 (50 µg/ml) on the protein and mRNA levels of BMP-2, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) mRNAs. In addition, the animal model of bone defects was successfully prepared. The in vivo data showed that compared with the control group, highest osteogenesis in the ICA or BMP-2 groups was observed at different observational times. Four weeks after surgery, osteogenesis in the BMP-2 group was slightly higher than that in the ICA group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups until the eighth week. ICA promotes osteoblast proliferation by stimulating the expression of BMP-2 and OPG proteins and upregulating the expression of BMP-2, OPG, and ALP mRNAs. ICA at a certain concentration has the same osteogenic effect as BMP-2. ICA or BMP-2 composite nanomaterials can be used as a framework to guide bone regeneration and promote osteogenesis. In addition, the combined use of hematoxylin-eosin and Goldner’s trichrome staining techniques contributes to acquiring better bone morphometric information about bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Xie
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ye Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunge Yan
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gailing Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Jing
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Wang B, Mastrogiacomo S, Yang F, Shao J, Ong MMA, Chanchareonsook N, Jansen JA, Walboomers XF, Yu N. Application of BMP-Bone Cement and FGF-Gel on Periodontal Tissue Regeneration in Nonhuman Primates. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2020; 25:748-756. [PMID: 31701811 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2019.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultimate challenge of tissue engineering research is the translation of experimental knowledge into clinical application. In the preclinical testing phase of any new therapy, animal models remain the gold standard. Therefore, the methodological choice of a suitable model is critical to meet the requirements for a safe clinical application of the developed treatment. For instance, we have shown in rats that the application of calcium phosphate cement (CPC)/propylene glycol alginate (PGA) with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 or fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 resulted in the regeneration of periodontal defects. However, it is debated whether using small models form a predictive method for translation to larger species. At the same time, the 3R framework is encouraged as guiding principles of the ethical use of animal testing. Therefore, based on the successful rat study, the objective of this study was to further investigate the periodontal regenerative efficacy of the CPC/BMP and PGA/FGF system in a periodontal defect model with a low number of nonhuman primates (NHPs). Three Macaca fascicularis-overstocked from breeding for other purposes-were used (reuse of animals and appropriateness of the experimental animal species according to 3R framework). Three-wall periodontal defects were surgically created in the mandible. In total, 10 defects were created and distributed over two groups: (1) control group: PGA+CPC (n = 5) and (2) experimental group: PGA/FGF+CPC/BMP (n = 5). After 3 months, tissue regeneration was evaluated by histomorphometry and radiographic measurements. Data showed that epithelial downgrowth, cementum, and ligament regeneration were significantly enhanced in the experimental group compared with the control group (n = 5; p = 0.013, p = 0.028, and p = 0.018, respectively). However, the amount of newly formed bone did not differ (p = 0.146). Overall, as a translational proof-of-principle study, the hybrid periodontal regenerative method of CPC/BMP+PGA/FGF promoted periodontal regeneration in NHPs. This study warrants the application of CPC/BMP/PGA/FGF in clinical trials. Impact Statement This study validated an earlier successful periodontal regeneration strategy from a rat model into a few spare nonhuman primates (NHPs). The hybrid periodontal regenerative method of calcium phosphate cement (CPC)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2/propylene glycol alginate (PGA)/fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 promoted periodontal regeneration in NHPs, which corroborated the previous rat results. This translational approach was a very practical option and thus reduced the number and species of experimental animals in translational research. These results found in NHPs indicate a consistent conclusion with the earlier findings in the rat model. It further warrants the application of CPC/BMP-2+PGA/FGF-2 in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Dentistry-Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Simone Mastrogiacomo
- Department of Dentistry-Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Dentistry-Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jinlong Shao
- Department of Dentistry-Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Marianne Meng Ann Ong
- National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nattharee Chanchareonsook
- National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John A Jansen
- Department of Dentistry-Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - X Frank Walboomers
- Department of Dentistry-Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Na Yu
- National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Sugita Y, Saruta J, Taniyama T, Kitajima H, Hirota M, Ikeda T, Ogawa T. UV-Pre-Treated and Protein-Adsorbed Titanium Implants Exhibit Enhanced Osteoconductivity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4194. [PMID: 32545509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium materials are essential treatment modalities in the medical field and serve as a tissue engineering scaffold and coating material for medical devices. Thus, there is a significant demand to improve the bioactivity of titanium for therapeutic and experimental purposes. We showed that ultraviolet light (UV)-pre-treatment changed the protein-adsorption ability and subsequent osteoconductivity of titanium. Fibronectin (FN) adsorption on UV-treated titanium was 20% and 30% greater after 1-min and 1-h incubation, respectively, than that of control titanium. After 3-h incubation, FN adsorption on UV-treated titanium remained 30% higher than that on the control. Osteoblasts were cultured on titanium disks after 1-h FN adsorption with or without UV-pre-treatment and on titanium disks without FN adsorption. The number of attached osteoblasts during the early stage of culture was 80% greater on UV-treated and FN-adsorbed (UV/FN) titanium than on FN-adsorbed (FN) titanium; osteoblasts attachment on UV/FN titanium was 2.6- and 2.1-fold greater than that on control- and UV-treated titanium, respectively. The alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts on UV/FN titanium was increased 1.8-, 1.8-, and 2.4-fold compared with that on FN-adsorbed, UV-treated, and control titanium, respectively. The UV/FN implants exhibited 25% and 150% greater in vivo biomechanical strength of bone integration than the FN- and control implants, respectively. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) adsorption on UV-treated titanium was 4.5-fold greater than that on control titanium after 1-min incubation, resulting in a 4-fold increase in osteoblast attachment. Thus, UV-pre-treatment of titanium accelerated its protein adsorptivity and osteoconductivity, providing a novel strategy for enhancing its bioactivity.
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Bahri M, Hasannia S, Dabirmanesh B, Moshaverinia A, Zadeh HH. A multifunctional fusion peptide for tethering to hydroxyapatite and selective capture of bone morphogenetic protein from extracellular milieu. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:1459-1466. [PMID: 32142198 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study sought to design a multi-functional fusion peptide with hydroxyapatite (HA) binding domain (HABD) and heparin binding domain (HBD). METHODS The 74 amino acid fusion peptide contained N-terminus of the fibrinogen β chain (β 15-66), double G4S-linker and 12 residues with HA affinity. This construct was designed, synthesized and cloned into pET21a(+) vector and expressed in E. coli. RESULTS HABD facilitated purification of the fusion peptide by HA affinity chromatography. Kinetic peptide binding and release on HA scaffold showed sustained release of peptide for up to 16 days. Competitive ELISA and intrinsic fluorescence assays were applied to determine HBD affinity to bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). The disassociation rate constant (Kd ) for HBD and rhBMP-2 was approximately 9.2-12 nM. CONCLUSION The fusion peptide developed in the present study, allowed for streamlined purification on HA affinity chromatography, as well as sustained release from HA scaffold, attributed to its HABD. HBD mediated binding to BMP-2, which may be potentially useful for bone repair. Additional studies, including in vivo investigation will be required to assess the efficacy of the fusion peptide in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Bahri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Hasannia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Dabirmanesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Moshaverinia
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology and Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Homayoun H Zadeh
- VISTA Institute for Therapeutic Innovations, Woodland Hills, California, USA
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Hong SJ, Oh SH, Lee SL, Kim NH, Choe YH, Yim HJ, Lee JH. Bone regeneration by bone morphogenetic protein-2 from porous beads with leaf-stacked structure for critical-sized femur defect model in dogs. J Biomater Appl 2020; 34:1437-1448. [PMID: 32122178 DOI: 10.1177/0885328220910033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jin Hong
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Heang Oh
- Department of nanobiomedical science, Dankook University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Lim Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Hyun Kim
- Gyeongnam Department of Environment & Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Munsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ho Choe
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Jun Yim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Kim KW, Jeong SW, Park HY, Heu JY, Jung HY, Lee JS. The effect of prolonged rhBMP-2 treatment on telomerase activity, replicative capacity and senescence of human nucleus pulposus cells. Biotech Histochem 2020; 95:490-498. [PMID: 32037884 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1721560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of prolonged rhBMP-2 treatment on telomerase activity, replicative capacity and senescence of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) during long term culture. We obtained intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues with grade III degeneration from four patients. NPCs were isolated and passaged serially in three groups: control group, low-dose rhBMP-2 group and high-dose rhBMP-2 group until the cells reached the end of their replicative lifespan. Cumulative population doubling level (CPDL), telomerase activity and senescence markers, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal), p53, p21, and p16, were assessed. The replicative capacity of NPCs in the high-dose rhBMP-2 group was decreased significantly compared to the control and low-dose rhBMP-2 groups. Mean telomerase activity was significantly greater in the high-dose rhBMP-2 group compared to the control and low-dose rhBMP-2 groups. The percentage of SA-β-gal-positive NPCs increased more rapidly in the high-dose rhBMP-2 group with passaging compared to the control and low-dose rhBMP-2 groups. The expression of p53, p21, and p16 in both low and high dose rhBMP-2 groups increased in all passages compared to the control group. We found that prolonged high-dose rhBMP-2 treatment increased telomerase activity of human NPCs, but decreased replicative capacity and lifespan in long term culture. We also found that excessive growth stimulation by prolonged high-dose rhBMP-2 treatment can promote NPCs senescence and result in growth arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Won Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo-Won Jeong
- Department of Orthopedic Research, Medical Research Institute, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Youl Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Young Heu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Young Jung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Seok Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Korea
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Chen W, Zhang C, Wu Y, Su X. Soluble expression and purification of high-bioactivity recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 by codon optimisation in Escherichia coli. Protein Eng Des Sel 2019; 32:153-157. [PMID: 31603219 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a simple method of preparing recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) with high biological activity. This rhBMP-2 was overproduced in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with thioredoxin 6xHis-tag at its amino terminus. The cDNA fragment of human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (hBMP-2) fused to the secretion signal of alkaline phosphatase (PhoA) was expressed under T7 promoter in E. coli. After DNA sequence confirmation, the recombinant vector pETpho-bmp2 was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). rhBMP-2 was produced by the recombinant strain pETpho-bmp2/BL21 (DE3) in a soluble form with an yield of 6.2 mg/L culture. Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results showed that the molecular weight of the product was approximately 28 kD. Moreover, rhBMP-2 was secreted as a dimer with a natural structure. rhBMP-2, purified by Ni Nitrilotriacetic acid Agarose (Ni-NTA) affinity chromatography, was used to examine osteosarcoma MG-63 cells and assay the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Results showed that rhBMP-2 induced MG-63 cell differentiation. When the final concentration was 500 ng/mL, the effect was more remarkable and ALP activity reached 525% compared with that of the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China.,College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Caiqian Zhang
- Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Yeqing Wu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Xiuping Su
- Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
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Raja E, Morikawa M, Nishida J, Tanabe R, Takahashi K, Seeherman HJ, Saito N, Todo T, Miyazono K. Tyrosine kinase Eph receptor A6 sensitizes glioma-initiating cells towards bone morphogenetic protein-induced apoptosis. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:3486-3496. [PMID: 31483918 PMCID: PMC6825014 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling plays important roles in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a lethal form of brain tumor. BMP reduces GBM tumorigenicity through its differentiation‐ and apoptosis‐inducing effects on glioma‐initiating cells (GIC). However, some GIC do not respond to the tumor suppressive effects of BMP. Using a phosphoreceptor tyrosine kinase array, we found that EPHA6 (erythropoietin‐producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor A6) phosphorylation was regulated by BMP‐2 signaling in some GIC. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas showed that EPHA6 expression was lower in patients with GBM than in the normal brain, and that high EPHA6 expression was correlated with better prognosis. EPHA6 receptor increased the susceptibility of both sensitive and resistant GIC to BMP‐2‐induced apoptosis. The cooperative effect on apoptosis induction depended on the kinase activity of BMP type I receptor but was independent of EPHA6 kinase function. Overexpression of the EPHA6 receptor in GIC resulted in the formation of a protein complex of EPHA6 receptor and the BMP type I receptor ALK‐2, which was associated with BMP‐induced apoptosis in GIC. Intracranial injection of GIC into nude mice showed that gain‐of‐function of EPHA6 together with BMP‐2 pretreatment slowed GBM tumor progression in the mouse brain and promoted mouse survival. In summary, EPHA6 together with BMP‐2 signaling led to apoptotic cell death in GIC, and thus is a putative tumor suppressor in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Raja
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Morikawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Nishida
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Tanabe
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Nobuhito Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Todo
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang H, Ding W, Ji F, Wu D. MicroRNA-410 participates in the pathological process of postmenopausal osteoporosis by downregulating bone morphogenetic protein-2. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3659-3666. [PMID: 31602244 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and microRNA (miR)-410 expression and the mechanism of regulation in serum and CD14+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from postmenopausal osteoporosis patients and model mice. A total of 26 patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis were included in the experimental group and 29 age-matched healthy subjects were included in the control group. A total of 60 mice were divided into sham and ovariectomized (OVX) groups. Following surgery, 28 mice remained in the sham and 25 mice remained in OVX group. BMP-2 protein expression in serum and CD14+ PBMCs from patients and model mice was determined using ELISA and western blotting, respectively. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to determine miR-410 and BMP-2 mRNA levels in serum and CD14+ PBMCs from patients and model mice. Dual luciferase reporter assays were used to identify direct interactions between miR-410 and BMP-2 mRNA. Compared with the control group, BMP-2 mRNA and protein expression in serum and CD14+ PBMCs from patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis and model mice were significantly decreased. miR-410 levels in serum and CD14+ PBMCs from patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis and model mice were significantly increased when compared with the control group. Dual luciferase reporter assays revealed that BMP-2 was a target gene of miR-410. The current study demonstrated that decreased BMP-2 expression in serum and CD14+ PBMCs from patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis was associated with the upregulation of miR-410. These results suggest that miR-410 may participate in the pathological process of postmenopausal osteoporosis by downregulating BMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Ding
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Fang Ji
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Dajiang Wu
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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He J, Han X, Wang S, Zhang Y, Dai X, Liu B, Liu L, Zhao X. Cell sheets of co-cultured BMP-2-modified bone marrow stromal cells and endothelial progenitor cells accelerate bone regeneration in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3333-3340. [PMID: 31602206 PMCID: PMC6777308 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering provides a substitute for bone transplantation to address various bone defects. However, bone regeneration involves a large number of cellular events. In addition, obtaining sufficient source material for autogenous bone or alloplastic bone substitutes remains an unsolved issue. In previous studies, it was confirmed that bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) had the capacity to promote bone regeneration. Additionally, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has been demonstrated to be an active inducer of osteoblast differentiation. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to produce an effective integration system, including a scaffold, reparative cells and growth factors, that may enhance bone regeneration. Firstly, bone marrow-derived BMSCs and EPCs were isolated and identified by flow cytometry. Cell proliferation ability, secreted BMP-2 levels and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were highest in the cell sheets containing BMP-2-modified BMSCs and EPCs. In addition, the expression levels of osteogenesis-associated genes, including runt related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), distal-less homeobox 5 (Dlx5), ALP and integrin-binding sialoprotein (Ibsp), and osteogenesis-associated proteins, including Runx2, Dlx, ALP, Ibsp, vascular endothelial growth factor, osteonectin, osteopontin and type I collagen, gradually increased during the co-culture of ad-BMP-2-BMSCs/EPCs. The levels of these genes and proteins were increased compared with those observed in the BMSC, EPC and BMP-2-modified BMSC groups. Finally, scanning electron microscopy observation also demonstrated that the BMP2-modified BMSCs were able to combine well with EPCs to construct a cell sheet for bone formation. Collectively, these results describe an adenovirus (ad)-BMP2-BMSCs/EPCs co-culture system that may significantly accelerate bone regeneration compared with a BMSCs/EPCs co-culture system or ad-BMP2-BMSCs alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia He
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Xuesong Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Songmei Wang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Dai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Boyan Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Xian Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
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