51
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Eskici G, Axelsen PH. Copper and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Biochemistry 2012; 51:6289-311. [DOI: 10.1021/bi3006169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Eskici
- Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Biophysics,
and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United
States
| | - Paul H. Axelsen
- Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Biophysics,
and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United
States
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52
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Giannozzi P, Jansen K, Penna GL, Minicozzi V, Morante S, Rossi G, Stellato F. Zn induced structural aggregation patterns of β-amyloid peptides by first-principle simulations and XAS measurements. Metallomics 2012; 4:156-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mt00148a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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53
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Jiang T, Wang L, Zhang S, Sun PC, Ding CF, Chu YQ, Zhou P. Interaction of curcumin with Al(III) and its complex structures based on experiments and theoretical calculations. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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54
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Hernández-Santoyo A, Landa A, González-Mondragón E, Pedraza-Escalona M, Parra-Unda R, Rodríguez-Romero A. Crystal structure of Cu / Zn superoxide dismutase from Taenia solium reveals metal-mediated self-assembly. FEBS J 2011; 278:3308-18. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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55
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Chen WT, Liao YH, Yu HM, Cheng IH, Chen YR. Distinct effects of Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, and Al3+ on amyloid-beta stability, oligomerization, and aggregation: amyloid-beta destabilization promotes annular protofibril formation. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:9646-56. [PMID: 21216965 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.177246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormally high concentrations of Zn(2+), Cu(2+), and Fe(3+) are present along with amyloid-β (Aβ) in the senile plaques in Alzheimer disease, where Al(3+) is also detected. Aβ aggregation is the key pathogenic event in Alzheimer disease, where Aβ oligomers are the major culprits. The fundamental mechanism of these metal ions on Aβ remains elusive. Here, we employ 4,4'-Bis(1-anilinonaphthalene 8-sulfonate) and tyrosine fluorescence, CD, stopped flow fluorescence, guanidine hydrochloride denaturation, and photo-induced cross-linking to elucidate the effect of Zn(2+), Cu(2+), Fe(3+), and Al(3+) on Aβ at the early stage of the aggregation. Furthermore, thioflavin T assay, dot blotting, and transmission electron microscopy are utilized to examine Aβ aggregation. Our results show that Al(3+) and Zn(2+), but not Cu(2+) and Fe(3+), induce larger hydrophobic exposures of Aβ conformation, resulting in its significant destabilization at the early stage. The metal ion binding induces Aβ conformational changes with micromolar binding affinities and millisecond binding kinetics. Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) induce similar assembly of transiently appearing Aβ oligomers at the early state. During the aggregation, we found that Zn(2+) exclusively promotes the annular protofibril formation without undergoing a nucleation process, whereas Cu(2+) and Fe(3+) inhibit fibril formation by prolonging the nucleation phases. Al(3+) also inhibits fibril formation; however, the annular oligomers co-exist in the aggregation pathway. In conclusion, Zn(2+), Cu(2+), Fe(3+), and Al(3+) adopt distinct folding and aggregation mechanisms to affect Aβ, where Aβ destabilization promotes annular protofibril formation. Our study facilitates the understanding of annular Aβ oligomer formation upon metal ion binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 11574 Taipei, Taiwan
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56
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Shearer J, Callan PE, Tran T, Szalai VA. Cu K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals differential copper coordination within amyloid-β oligomers compared to amyloid-β monomers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:9137-9. [PMID: 21060917 PMCID: PMC3082590 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02446e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The fatal neurological disorder Alzheimer's disease has been linked to soluble neurotoxic oligomers of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. Herein we demonstrate that Cu(1+) ligated within Aβ(42) oligomers (Aβ sequence: DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVVIA) possesses a highly dioxygen sensitive tetrahedral coordination geometry. The biological implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Shearer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Paige E. Callan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Thao Tran
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Veronika A. Szalai
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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57
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Miller Y, Ma B, Nussinov R. Polymorphism in Alzheimer Abeta amyloid organization reflects conformational selection in a rugged energy landscape. Chem Rev 2010; 110:4820-38. [PMID: 20402519 PMCID: PMC2920034 DOI: 10.1021/cr900377t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruth Nussinov
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: (301) 846-5579. Fax: (301) 846-5598. E-mail:
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58
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Miller Y, Ma B, Nussinov R. Zinc ions promote Alzheimer Abeta aggregation via population shift of polymorphic states. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:9490-5. [PMID: 20448202 PMCID: PMC2906839 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0913114107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a key factor in Alzheimer's disease etiology is enrichment of Zn(2+) in aggregates, and there are data suggesting that zinc promotes aggregation, how Zn(2+)-Abeta coordination promotes aggregation is elusive. Here we probe the structures and mechanisms through which Zn(2+) can affect amyloidosis. By covalently linking fragments (that have experiment-based coordinates) we observed that, in oligomeric Zn(2+)-Abeta(42), Zn(2+) can simultaneously coordinate intra- and intermolecularly, bridging two peptides. Zinc coordination significantly decreases the solvation energy for large Zn(2+)-Abeta(42) oligomers and thus enhances their aggregation tendency. Zn(2+) binding does not change the beta-sheet association around the C-terminal hydrophobic region; however, it shifts the relative population of the preexisting amyloid polymorphic ensembles. As a result, although a parallel beta-sheet arrangement is still preferred, antiparallel and other less structured assemblies are stabilized, also becoming major species. Overall, Zn(2+) coordination promotes Abeta(42) aggregation leading to less uniform structures. Our replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations further reproduced an experimental observation that the increasing Zn(2+) concentration could slow down the aggregation rate, even though the aggregation rates are still much higher than in Zn(2+)-free solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifat Miller
- Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, National Cancer Institute–Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Buyong Ma
- Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, Basic Science Program, Science Applications International Corp.–Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute–Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702; and
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, Basic Science Program, Science Applications International Corp.–Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute–Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702; and
- Sackler Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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59
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On the metal ion (Zn2+, Cu2+) coordination with beta-amyloid peptide: DFT computational study. Interdiscip Sci 2010; 2:57-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s12539-010-0086-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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60
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Epa VC, Streltsov VA, Varghese JN. Modelling Copper Binding to the Amyloid-β Peptide in Alzheimer. Aust J Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1071/ch09454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative modification due to reactive oxygen species generated by Cu2+ bound to the amyloid-β peptide may be one of the sources of neurodegeneration observed in Alzheimer’s disease. Understanding the structure and function of the copper binding site can assist in the design of effective therapeutics. This paper highlights some of the most significant recent developments in computational modelling studies of the structure of the binding site and reaction mechanisms of reactive oxygen species generation.
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61
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Sun H, Chai ZF. Metallomics: An integrated science for metals in biology and medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b920672h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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62
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63
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Navarra G, Tinti A, Leone M, Militello V, Torreggiani A. Influence of metal ions on thermal aggregation of bovine serum albumin: Aggregation kinetics and structural changes. J Inorg Biochem 2009; 103:1729-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2009.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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64
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Crippa PR, Eisner M, Morante S, Stellato F, Vicentin FC, Zecca L. An XAS study of the sulfur environment in human neuromelanin and its synthetic analogs. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2009; 39:959-70. [PMID: 19471920 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-009-0462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuromelanin is a complex molecule accumulating in the catecholaminergic neurons that undergo a degenerative process in Parkinson's disease. It has been shown to play either a protective or a toxic role depending on whether it is present in the intraneuronal or extraneuronal milieu. Understanding its structure and synthesis mechanisms is mandatory to clarify the reason for this remarkable dual behavior. In the present study, X-ray absorption spectroscopy is employed to investigate the sulfur binding mode in natural human neuromelanin, synthetic neuromelanins, and in certain structurally known model compounds, namely cysteine and decarboxytrichochrome C. Based on comparative fits of human and synthetic neuromelanin spectra in terms of those of model compounds, the occurrence of both cysteine- and trichochrome-like sulfur coordination modes is recognized, and the relative abundance of these two types of structural arrangement is determined. Data on the amount of cysteine- and trichochrome-like sulfur measured in this way indicate that among the synthetic neuromelanins those produced by enzymatic oxidation are the most similar ones to natural neuromelanin. The interest of the method described here lies in the fact that it allows the identification of different sulfur coordination environments in a physically nondestructive way.
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65
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Beta amyloid peptide: from different aggregation forms to the activation of different biochemical pathways. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2009; 39:877-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-009-0439-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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66
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67
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Faller P, Hureau C. Bioinorganic chemistry of copper and zinc ions coordinated to amyloid-β peptide. Dalton Trans 2009:1080-94. [DOI: 10.1039/b813398k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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68
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Shearer J, Szalai VA. The amyloid-beta peptide of Alzheimer's disease binds Cu(I) in a linear bis-his coordination environment: insight into a possible neuroprotective mechanism for the amyloid-beta peptide. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:17826-35. [PMID: 19035781 PMCID: PMC2935688 DOI: 10.1021/ja805940m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been suggested to contribute to neuronal apoptosis associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Copper may participate in oxidative stress through redox-cycling between its +2 and +1 oxidation states to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). In vitro, copper binds to the amyloid-beta peptide of AD, and in vivo, copper is associated with amyloid plaques characteristic of AD. As a result, the AbetaCu(I) complex may be a critical reactant involved in ROS associated with AD etiology. To characterize the AbetaCu(I) complex, we have pursued X-ray absorption (XAS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of AbetaCu(II) and AbetaCu(I) (produced by ascorbate reduction of AbetaCu(II)). The AbetaCu(II) complex Cu K-edge XAS spectrum is indicative of a square-planar Cu(II) center with mixed N/O ligation. Multiple scattering analysis of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data for AbetaCu(II) indicates that two of the ligands are imidazole groups of histidine ligands, indicating a (N(Im))(2)(N/O)(2) Cu(II) ligation sphere for AbetaCu(II). After reduction of the AbetaCu(II) complex with ascorbate, the edge region decreases in energy by approximately 4 eV. The X-ray absorption near-edge spectrum region of AbetaCu(I) displays an intense pre-edge feature at 8984.1(2) eV. EXAFS data fitting yielded a two-coordinate geometry, with two imidazole ligands coordinated to Cu(I) at 1.877(2) A in a linear geometry. Ascorbate reduction of AbetaCu(II) under inert atmosphere and subsequent air oxidation of AbetaCu(I) to regenerate AbetaCu(II) was monitored by low-temperature EPR spectroscopy. Slow reappearance of the AbetaCu(II) EPR signal indicates that O(2) oxidation of the AbetaCu(I) complex is kinetically sluggish and Abeta damage is occurring following reoxidation of AbetaCu(I) by O(2). Together, these results lead us to hypothesize that Cu(I) is ligated by His13 and His14 in a linear coordination environment in Alphabeta, that Abeta may be playing a neuroprotective role, and that metal-mediated oxidative damage of Abeta occurs over multiple redox cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Shearer
- Department of Chemistry/216, University of Nevada-Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557
| | - Veronika A. Szalai
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250
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69
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Talmard C, Leuma Yona R, Faller P. Mechanism of zinc(II)-promoted amyloid formation: zinc(II) binding facilitates the transition from the partially alpha-helical conformer to aggregates of amyloid beta protein(1-28). J Biol Inorg Chem 2008; 14:449-55. [PMID: 19083027 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-008-0461-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 11/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The amyloidoses are a group of disorders characterized by aberrant protein folding and assembly, leading to the deposition of insoluble protein fibrils (amyloid), which provokes cell dysfunction and later cell death. One of the physiologically relevant environmental factors able to affect the conformation and hence the aggregation properties of amyloidogenic proteins/peptides is metal ions. Zn(II) promotes aggregation of most amyloidogenic peptides/proteins in vitro, including amyloid beta protein (Abeta), but the underlying mechanism is not known. To better understand this mechanism the present study focused on the partially alpha-helical conformer, supposed to be an intermediate in Abeta aggregation. This partially alpha-helical conformer is stabilized by 10-20% 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE): therefore, the influence of Zn binding on the aggregation of the amylidogenic model peptide Abeta(1-28) (Abeta28) was investigated at different TFE concentrations. The results showed a synergistic effect of Zn(II) and 10% TFE, i.e., that either Zn or 10% TFE accelerated Abeta28 aggregation on its own, but with them together an at least 10 times promotion of Abeta28 aggregation was observed. Further studies by thioflavin T fluorescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy suggested that the aggregates of Zn-Abeta28 formed in 10%TFE contain a beta-sheet secondary structure and are more of the amyloid type. CD spectroscopy indicated that Zn binding disrupted partially the alpha-helical structure of Abeta28 in TFE. Thus, we propose that the promotion of Abeta28 aggregation by Zn is based on the transformation of the partially alpha-helical conformer (intermediate) towards the beta-sheet amyloid structure by a destabilization of the alpha-helix in the intermediate.
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70
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Biran Y, Masters CL, Barnham KJ, Bush AI, Adlard PA. Pharmacotherapeutic targets in Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 13:61-86. [PMID: 19040415 PMCID: PMC3823037 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder which is characterized by an increasing impairment in normal memory and cognitive processes that significantly diminishes a person's daily functioning. Despite decades of research and advances in our understanding of disease aetiology and pathogenesis, there are still no effective disease-modifying drugs available for the treatment of AD. However, numerous compounds are currently undergoing pre-clinical and clinical evaluations. These candidate pharma-cotherapeutics are aimed at various aspects of the disease, such as the microtubule-associated τ-protein, the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and metal ion dyshomeostasis – all of which are involved in the development and progression of AD. We will review the way these pharmacological strategies target the biochemical and clinical features of the disease and the investigational drugs for each category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yif'at Biran
- The Oxidation Biology Laboratory, The Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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71
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The structure of the amyloid-beta peptide high-affinity copper II binding site in Alzheimer disease. Biophys J 2008; 95:3447-56. [PMID: 18599641 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.108.134429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration observed in Alzheimer disease (AD) is believed to be related to the toxicity from reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in the brain by the amyloid-beta (Abeta) protein bound primarily to copper ions. The evidence for an oxidative stress role of Abeta-Cu redox chemistry is still incomplete. Details of the copper binding site in Abeta may be critical to the etiology of AD. Here we present the structure determined by combining x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and density functional theory analysis of Abeta peptides complexed with Cu(2+) in solution under a range of buffer conditions. Phosphate-buffered saline buffer salt (NaCl) concentration does not affect the high-affinity copper binding mode but alters the second coordination sphere. The XAS spectra for truncated and full-length Abeta-Cu(2+) peptides are similar. The novel distorted six-coordinated (3N3O) geometry around copper in the Abeta-Cu(2+) complexes include three histidines: glutamic, or/and aspartic acid, and axial water. The structure of the high-affinity Cu(2+) binding site is consistent with the hypothesis that the redox activity of the metal ion bound to Abeta can lead to the formation of dityrosine-linked dimers found in AD.
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72
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia in the elderly, and it is characterized by elevated brain iron levels and accumulation of copper and zinc in cerebral beta-amyloid deposits (e.g., senile plaques). Both ionic zinc and copper are able to accelerate the aggregation of Abeta, the principle component of beta-amyloid deposits. Copper (and iron) can also promote the neurotoxic redox activity of Abeta and induce oxidative cross-linking of the peptide into stable oligomers. Recent reports have documented the release of Abeta together with ionic zinc and copper in cortical glutamatergic synapses after excitation. This, in turn, leads to the formation of Abeta oligomers, which, in turn, modulates long-term potentiation by controlling synaptic levels of the NMDA receptor. The excessive accumulation of Abeta oligomers in the synaptic cleft would then be predicted to adversely affect synaptic neurotransmission. Based on these findings, we have proposed the "Metal Hypothesis of Alzheimer's Disease," which stipulates that the neuropathogenic effects of Abeta in Alzheimer's disease are promoted by (and possibly even dependent on) Abeta-metal interactions. Increasingly sophisticated pharmaceutical approaches are now being implemented to attenuate abnormal Abeta-metal interactions without causing systemic disturbance of essential metals. Small molecules targeting Abeta-metal interactions (e.g., PBT2) are currently advancing through clinical trials and show increasing promise as disease-modifying agents for Alzheimer's disease based on the "metal hypothesis."
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley I. Bush
- grid.415325.40000000115123749The Mental Health Research Institute, 155 Oak Street, 3052 Parkville, Victoria Australia
- grid.1008.9000000012179088XDepartment of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, 3010 Parkville, Victoria Australia
| | - Rudolph E. Tanzi
- grid.32224.350000000403869924Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 02129 Charlestown, Massachusetts
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73
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Thermally induced denaturation and aggregation of BLG-A: effect of the Cu2+ and Zn2+ metal ions. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2008; 37:1351-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-008-0346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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74
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Minicozzi V, Stellato F, Comai M, Serra MD, Potrich C, Meyer-Klaucke W, Morante S. Identifying the Minimal Copper- and Zinc-binding Site Sequence in Amyloid-β Peptides. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:10784-92. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m707109200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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75
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76
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Applications of electron paramagnetic resonance to studies of neurological disease. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2008; 37:281-94. [PMID: 18256819 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-008-0261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2007] [Revised: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) has the potential to give much detail on the structure of the paramagnetic transition ion coordination sites, principally of Cu2+, in a number of proteins associated with central nervous system diseases. Since these sites have been implicated in misfolding/mis-oligomerisation events associated with neurotoxic molecular species and/or the catalysis of damaging redox reactions in neurodegeneration, an understanding of their structure is important to the development of therapeutic agents. Nevertheless EPR, by its nature an in vitro technique, has its limitations in the study of such complex biochemical systems involving self-associating proteins that are sensitive to their chemical environment. These limitations are at the instrumental and theoretical level, which must be understood and the EPR data interpreted in the light of other biophysical and biochemical studies if useful conclusions are to be drawn.
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77
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Potential pathogenic role of β-amyloid1–42–aluminum complex in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 40:731-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2007.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Revised: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 10/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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78
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Gaggelli E, Grzonka Z, Kozłowski H, Migliorini C, Molteni E, Valensin D, Valensin G. Structural features of the Cu(ii) complex with the rat Aβ(1–28) fragment. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:341-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b713453c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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79
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Gaggelli E, Janicka-Klos A, Jankowska E, Kozlowski H, Migliorini C, Molteni E, Valensin D, Valensin G, Wieczerzak E. NMR studies of the Zn2+ interactions with rat and human beta-amyloid (1-28) peptides in water-micelle environment. J Phys Chem B 2007; 112:100-9. [PMID: 18072760 DOI: 10.1021/jp075168m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder involving the abnormal accumulation and deposition of peptides (amyloid-beta, Abeta) derived from the amyloid precursor protein. Here, we present the structure and the Zn2+ binding sites of human and rat Abeta(1-28) fragments in water/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles by using 1H NMR spectroscopy. The chemical shift variations measured after Zn2+ addition at T>310 K allowed us to assign the binding donor atoms in both rat and human zinc complexes. The Asp-1 amine, His-6 Ndelta, Glu-11 COO-, and His-13 Nepsilon of rat Abeta28 all enter the metal coordination sphere, while His-6 Ndelta, His-13, His-14 Nepsilon, Asp-1 amine, and/or Glu-11 COO- are all bound to Zn2+ in the case of human Abeta28. Finally, a comparison between the rat and human binding abilities was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gaggelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro, 53-100 Siena, Italy
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80
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Navarra G, Leone M, Militello V. Thermal aggregation of β-lactoglobulin in presence of metal ions. Biophys Chem 2007; 131:52-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2007.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Revised: 09/05/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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81
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X-ray absorption and diffraction studies of the metal binding sites in amyloid beta-peptide. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2007; 37:257-63. [PMID: 18004559 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-007-0232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2007] [Revised: 10/20/2007] [Accepted: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A major source of neurodegeneration observed in Alzheimer's disease is believed to be caused by the toxicity from reactive oxygen species produced in the brain mediated by the A beta protein and mainly copper species. An atomic model of an amyloid beta-peptide (A beta) Cu2+ complex or at least the structure of the metal binding site is of great interest. Accurate information about the Cu-binding site of A beta protein can facilitate simulation of redox chemistry using high level quantum mechanics. Complementary X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption techniques can be employed to obtain such accurate information. This review provides a blend of X-ray diffraction results on amyloid structures and selected works on A beta Cu2+ binding based on spectroscopic measurements with emphasis on the X-ray absorption technique.
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82
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Talmard C, Bouzan A, Faller P. Zinc binding to amyloid-beta: isothermal titration calorimetry and Zn competition experiments with Zn sensors. Biochemistry 2007; 46:13658-66. [PMID: 17983245 DOI: 10.1021/bi701355j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of the peptide amyloid-beta (Abeta) to amyloid plaques is a key event in Alzheimer's disease. According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, Abeta aggregates are toxic to neurons via the production of reactive oxygen species and are hence directly involved in the cause of the disease. Zinc ions play an important role, because they are able to bind to Abeta and influence the aggregation properties. In the present work isothermal titration calorimetry and Zn sensors (zincon, Newport Green, and zinquin) were used to investigate the interaction of Zn with the full-length Abeta1-40 and Abeta1-42, as well as the truncated Abeta1-16 and Abeta1-28. The results suggest that Zn binding to Abeta induces a release of approximately 0.9 proton by the peptide. This correspond to the expected value upon Zn binding to the three histidines and indicates that further ligands are not deprotonated upon Zn binding. Such behavior is expected for carboxylates, but not the N-terminus. Moreover, the apparent dissociation constant (Kd,app) of Zn binding to all forms of Abeta is in the low micromolar range (1-20 microM) and rather independent of the aggregation state including soluble Abeta, Abeta fibrils, or Zn-induced Abeta aggregates. Finally, Zn in the soluble or aggregated Zn-Abeta form is well accessible for Zn chelators. The potential repercussions on metal chelation therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Talmard
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS UPR 8241, University Toulouse III, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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83
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Scotter AJ, Guo M, Tomczak MM, Daley ME, Campbell RL, Oko RJ, Bateman DA, Chakrabartty A, Sykes BD, Davies PL. Metal ion-dependent, reversible, protein filament formation by designed beta-roll polypeptides. BMC STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2007; 7:63. [PMID: 17908326 PMCID: PMC2174480 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6807-7-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A right-handed, calcium-dependent beta-roll structure found in secreted proteases and repeat-in-toxin proteins was used as a template for the design of minimal, soluble, monomeric polypeptides that would fold in the presence of Ca2+. Two polypeptides were synthesised to contain two and four metal-binding sites, respectively, and exploit stacked tryptophan pairs to stabilise the fold and report on the conformational state of the polypeptide. RESULTS Initial analysis of the two polypeptides in the presence of calcium suggested the polypeptides were disordered. The addition of lanthanum to these peptides caused aggregation. Upon further study by right angle light scattering and electron microscopy, the aggregates were identified as ordered protein filaments that required lanthanum to polymerize. These filaments could be disassembled by the addition of a chelating agent. A simple head-to-tail model is proposed for filament formation that explains the metal ion-dependency. The model is supported by the capping of one of the polypeptides with biotin, which disrupts filament formation and provides the ability to control the average length of the filaments. CONCLUSION Metal ion-dependent, reversible protein filament formation is demonstrated for two designed polypeptides. The polypeptides form filaments that are approximately 3 nm in diameter and several hundred nm in length. They are not amyloid-like in nature as demonstrated by their behaviour in the presence of congo red and thioflavin T. A capping strategy allows for the control of filament length and for potential applications including the "decoration" of a protein filament with various functional moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Scotter
- Protein Engineering Network Centres of Excellence, 750 Heritage Medical Research Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Meng Guo
- Protein Engineering Network Centres of Excellence, 750 Heritage Medical Research Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Melanie M Tomczak
- Protein Engineering Network Centres of Excellence, 750 Heritage Medical Research Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Margaret E Daley
- Protein Engineering Network Centres of Excellence, 750 Heritage Medical Research Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, 6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Robert L Campbell
- Protein Engineering Network Centres of Excellence, 750 Heritage Medical Research Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Richard J Oko
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - David A Bateman
- Protein Engineering Network Centres of Excellence, 750 Heritage Medical Research Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Avijit Chakrabartty
- Protein Engineering Network Centres of Excellence, 750 Heritage Medical Research Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Brian D Sykes
- Protein Engineering Network Centres of Excellence, 750 Heritage Medical Research Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, 6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Peter L Davies
- Protein Engineering Network Centres of Excellence, 750 Heritage Medical Research Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
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84
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Dong J, Canfield JM, Mehta AK, Shokes JE, Tian B, Childers WS, Simmons JA, Mao Z, Scott RA, Warncke K, Lynn DG. Engineering metal ion coordination to regulate amyloid fibril assembly and toxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:13313-8. [PMID: 17686982 PMCID: PMC1948904 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0702669104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein and peptide assembly into amyloid has been implicated in functions that range from beneficial epigenetic controls to pathological etiologies. However, the exact structures of the assemblies that regulate biological activity remain poorly defined. We have previously used Zn(2+) to modulate the assembly kinetics and morphology of congeners of the amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) associated with Alzheimer's disease. We now reveal a correlation among Abeta-Cu(2+) coordination, peptide self-assembly, and neuronal viability. By using the central segment of Abeta, HHQKLVFFA or Abeta(13-21), which contains residues H13 and H14 implicated in Abeta-metal ion binding, we show that Cu(2+) forms complexes with Abeta(13-21) and its K16A mutant and that the complexes, which do not self-assemble into fibrils, have structures similar to those found for the human prion protein, PrP. N-terminal acetylation and H14A substitution, Ac-Abeta(13-21)H14A, alters metal coordination, allowing Cu(2+) to accelerate assembly into neurotoxic fibrils. These results establish that the N-terminal region of Abeta can access different metal-ion-coordination environments and that different complexes can lead to profound changes in Abeta self-assembly kinetics, morphology, and toxicity. Related metal-ion coordination may be critical to the etiology of other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijun Dong
- *Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Center for the Analysis of Supramolecular Self-Assemblies, and
| | | | - Anil K. Mehta
- *Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Center for the Analysis of Supramolecular Self-Assemblies, and
| | - Jacob E. Shokes
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602; and
| | - Bo Tian
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - W. Seth Childers
- *Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Center for the Analysis of Supramolecular Self-Assemblies, and
| | - James A. Simmons
- *Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Center for the Analysis of Supramolecular Self-Assemblies, and
| | - Zixu Mao
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Robert A. Scott
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602; and
| | - Kurt Warncke
- *Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Center for the Analysis of Supramolecular Self-Assemblies, and
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - David G. Lynn
- *Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Center for the Analysis of Supramolecular Self-Assemblies, and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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85
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Han D, Wang H, Yang P. Molecular modeling of zinc and copper binding with Alzheimer's amyloid beta-peptide. Biometals 2007; 21:189-96. [PMID: 17629774 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-007-9107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) into insoluble fibrils is a key pathological event in Alzheimer's disease. Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions were reported to be able to induce Abeta aggregation at nearly physiological concentrations in vitro. In this study, the binding modes of Cu(II) and Zn(II) in this process were explored by molecular modeling. In the pre-associated Abeta, Ntau atom of imidazole ring of His14, O atom of carbonyl of main-chain and two O atoms of water occupied the four ligand positions of the complex. While in the aggregated form of Abeta, the His13(N)-Metals-His14(N) bridges were formed through metal cross-linking action. These results would be helpful to put insight on revealing the formation mechanism of pathogenic Abeta aggregates in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxiong Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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86
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Jiao Y, Yang P. Mechanism of Copper(II) Inhibiting Alzheimer's Amyloid β-Peptide from Aggregation: A Molecular Dynamics Investigation. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:7646-55. [PMID: 17564430 DOI: 10.1021/jp0673359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aggregation of an amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) into fibrils is a key pathological event in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Under certain conditions, Cu2+ markedly inhibits Abeta from aggregation and is considered as a potential factor in the normal brain preventing Abeta from aggregation. The possible mechanism of the inhibitory effect of Cu2+ was investigated for the first time by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. On the basis of the radial distribution function analysis of the MD data, a novel strategy, the Q function, was proposed to explore the binding sites of Cu2+ by evaluating the coordination priority of atoms in Abeta, and the [6-5-5] tri-ring 4N binding mode of the Cu2+-Abeta complexes was found. The mechanism of the conformational transition of Abeta from the beta conformation to distorted beta conformations, which destabilizes the aggregation of Abeta into fibrils, was also revealed. All the results provide helpful clues for an improved understanding of the role of Cu2+ in the pathogenesis of AD and contribute to the development of an anti-amyloid therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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87
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Jun S, Saxena S. The Aggregated State of Amyloid-β Peptide In Vitro Depends on Cu2+ Ion Concentration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200700318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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88
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Jun S, Saxena S. The Aggregated State of Amyloid-β Peptide In Vitro Depends on Cu2+ Ion Concentration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:3959-61. [PMID: 17427167 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200700318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangmi Jun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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