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Comprehensive analysis of Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility-related genes in turnip (Brassica rapa ssp. rapifera) using RNA sequencing analysis and bioinformatics. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218029. [PMID: 31199816 PMCID: PMC6568414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ogura-type cytoplasmic male sterility (Ogura-CMS) has been widely used in the hybrid breeding industry for cruciferous vegetables. Turnip (Brassica rapa ssp. rapifera) is one of the most important local cruciferous vegetables in China, cultivated for its fleshy root as a flat disc. Here, morphological characteristics of an Ogura-CMS line ‘BY10-2A’ and its maintainer fertile (MF) line ‘BY10-2B’ of turnip were investigated. Ogura-CMS turnip showed a reduction in the size of the fleshy root, and had distinct defects in microspore development and tapetum degeneration during the transition from microspore mother cells to tetrads. Defective microspore production and premature tapetum degeneration during microgametogenesis resulted in short filaments and withered white anthers, leading to complete male sterility of the Ogura-CMS line. Additionally, the mechanism regulating Ogura-CMS in turnip was investigated using inflorescence transcriptome analyses of the Ogura-CMS and MF lines. The de novo assembly resulted in a total of 84,132 unigenes. Among them, 5,117 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 1,339 up- and 3,778 down-regulated genes in the Ogura-CMS line compared to the MF line. A number of functionally known members involved in anther development and microspore formation were addressed in our DEG pool, particularly genes regulating tapetum programmed cell death (PCD), and associated with pollen wall formation. Additionally, 185 novel genes were proposed to function in male organ development based on GO analyses, of which 26 DEGs were genotype-specifically expressed. Our research provides a comprehensive foundation for understanding anther development and the CMS mechanism in turnip.
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Shen X, Xu L, Liu Y, Dong H, Zhou D, Zhang Y, Lin S, Cao J, Huang L. Comparative transcriptome analysis and ChIP-sequencing reveals stage-specific gene expression and regulation profiles associated with pollen wall formation in Brassica rapa. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:264. [PMID: 30943898 PMCID: PMC6446297 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genic male sterility (GMS) line is an important approach to utilize heterosis in Brassica rapa, one of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops in Northeast Asia. However, the molecular genetic mechanisms of GMS remain to be largely unknown. Results Detailed phenotypic observation of ‘Bcajh97-01A/B’, a B. rapa genic male sterile AB line in this study revealed that the aberrant meiotic cytokinesis and premature tapetal programmed cell death occurring in the sterile line ultimately resulted in microspore degeneration and pollen wall defect. Further gene expression profile of the sterile and fertile floral buds of ‘Bcajh97-01A/B’ at five typical developmental stages during pollen development supported the result of phenotypic observation and identified stage-specific genes associated with the main events associated with pollen wall development, including tapetum development or functioning, callose metabolism, pollen exine formation and cell wall modification. Additionally, by using ChIP-sequencing, the genomic and gene-level distribution of trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) and H3K27 were mapped on the fertile floral buds, and a great deal of pollen development-associated genes that were covalently modified by H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 were identified. Conclusions Our study provids a deeper understanding into the gene expression and regulation network during pollen development and pollen wall formation in B. rapa, and enabled the identification of a set of candidate genes for further functional annotation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5637-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Shen
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Liai Xu
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Heng Dong
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuzhi Zhang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sue Lin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jiashu Cao
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Li Huang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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53
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Wan X, Wu S, Li Z, Dong Z, An X, Ma B, Tian Y, Li J. Maize Genic Male-Sterility Genes and Their Applications in Hybrid Breeding: Progress and Perspectives. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:321-342. [PMID: 30690174 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most important crops, maize not only has been a source of the food, feed, and industrial feedstock for biofuel and bioproducts, but also became a model plant system for addressing fundamental questions in genetics. Male sterility is a very useful trait for hybrid vigor utilization and hybrid seed production. The identification and characterization of genic male-sterility (GMS) genes in maize and other plants have deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling anther and pollen development, and enabled the development and efficient use of many biotechnology-based male-sterility (BMS) systems for crop hybrid breeding. In this review, we summarize main advances on the identification and characterization of GMS genes in maize, and construct a putative regulatory network controlling maize anther and pollen development by comparative genomic analysis of GMS genes in maize, Arabidopsis, and rice. Furthermore, we discuss and appraise the features of more than a dozen BMS systems for propagating male-sterile lines and producing hybrid seeds in maize and other plants. Finally, we provide our perspectives on the studies of GMS genes and the development of novel BMS systems in maize and other plants. The continuous exploration of GMS genes and BMS systems will enhance our understanding of molecular regulatory networks controlling male fertility and greatly facilitate hybrid vigor utilization in breeding and field production of maize and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Wan
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China.
| | - Suowei Wu
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Ziwen Li
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Zhenying Dong
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Xueli An
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Biao Ma
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Youhui Tian
- Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Jinping Li
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
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Kouidri A, Baumann U, Okada T, Baes M, Tucker EJ, Whitford R. Wheat TaMs1 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored lipid transfer protein necessary for pollen development. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:332. [PMID: 30518316 PMCID: PMC6280385 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In flowering plants, lipid biosynthesis and transport within anthers is essential for male reproductive success. TaMs1, a dominant wheat fertility gene located on chromosome 4BS, has been previously fine mapped and identified to encode a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP). Although this gene is critical for pollen exine development, details of its function remains poorly understood. RESULTS In this study, we report that TaMs1 is only expressed from the B sub-genome, with highest transcript abundance detected in anthers containing microspores undergoing pre-meiosis through to meiosis. β-glucuronidase transcriptional fusions further revealed that TaMs1 is expressed throughout all anther cell-types. TaMs1 was identified to be expressed at an earlier stage of anther development relative to genes reported to be necessary for sporopollenin precursor biosynthesis. In anthers missing a functional TaMs1 (ms1c deletion mutant), these same genes were not observed to be mis-regulated, indicating an independent function for TaMs1 in pollen development. Exogenous hormone treatments on GUS reporter lines suggest that TaMs1 expression is increased by both indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Translational fusion constructs showed that TaMs1 is targeted to the plasma membrane. CONCLUSIONS In summary, TaMs1 is a wheat fertility gene, expressed early in anther development and encodes a GPI-LTP targeted to the plasma membrane. The work presented provides a new insight into the process of wheat pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Kouidri
- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064 Australia
| | - Ute Baumann
- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064 Australia
| | - Takashi Okada
- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064 Australia
| | - Mathieu Baes
- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064 Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and Food, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064 Australia
| | - Elise J. Tucker
- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064 Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Agriculture and Food, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064 Australia
| | - Ryan Whitford
- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064 Australia
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55
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Zhang C, Shen Y, Tang D, Shi W, Zhang D, Du G, Zhou Y, Liang G, Li Y, Cheng Z. The zinc finger protein DCM1 is required for male meiotic cytokinesis by preserving callose in rice. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007769. [PMID: 30419020 PMCID: PMC6258382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic cytokinesis influences the fertility and ploidy of gametes. However, limited information is available on the genetic control of meiotic cytokinesis in plants. Here, we identified a rice mutant with low male fertility, defective callose in meiosis 1 (dcm1). The pollen grains of dcm1 are proved to be defective in exine formation. Meiotic cytokinesis is disrupted in dcm1, resulting in disordered spindle orientation during meiosis II and formation of pollen grains with varied size and DNA content. We demonstrated that meiotic cytokinesis defect in dcm1 is caused by prematurely dissolution of callosic plates. Furthermore, peripheral callose surrounding the dcm1 pollen mother cells (PMCs) also disappeared untimely around pachytene. The DCM1 protein contains five tandem CCCH motifs and interacts with nuclear poly (A) binding proteins (PABNs) in nuclear speckles. The expression profiles of genes related to callose synthesis and degradation are significantly modified in dcm1. Together, we propose that DCM1 plays an essential role in male meiotic cytokinesis by preserving callose from prematurely dissolution in rice. Meiosis comprises two successive cell divisions after a single S phase, generating four haploid products. Meiotic caryokinesis (nuclear division) has been extensively studied in many organisms, while mechanisms underlying meiotic cytokinesis remain elusive. Here, we identified a novel CCCH-tandem zinc finger protein DCM1 that prevent the premature dissolution of callose both around the PMCs and at the dividing site (callosic plates). Loss of the callosic plates disrupts the meiotic cytokinesis, leading to the random distribution of spindles during meiosis II and aberrant meiotic products. DCM1 interacts with the two rice poly (A) binding proteins, independently of the conserved CCCH domain. Moreover, DCM1 coordinates the expression profiles of genes related to callose synthesis and degradation. We suspect monocots and dicots may adopt distinct meiotic cytokinesis patterns during male gamete generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ding Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guijie Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guohua Liang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yafei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (ZC)
| | - Zhukuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (ZC)
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Chang Z, Jin M, Yan W, Chen H, Qiu S, Fu S, Xia J, Liu Y, Chen Z, Wu J, Tang X. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter OsABCG3 is essential for pollen development in rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 11:58. [PMID: 30311098 PMCID: PMC6181869 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-018-0248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pollen wall, which protects male gametophyte against various stresses and facilitates pollination, is essential for successful reproduction in flowering plants. The pollen wall consists of gametophyte-derived intine and sporophyte-derived exine. From outside to inside of exine are tectum, bacula, nexine I and nexine II layers. How these structural layers are formed has been under extensive studies, but the molecular mechanisms remain obscure. RESULTS Here we identified two osabcg3 allelic mutants and demonstrated that OsABCG3 was required for pollen development in rice. OsABCG3 encodes a half-size ABCG transporter localized on the plasma membrane. It was mainly expressed in anther when exine started to form. Loss-function of OsABCG3 caused abnormal degradation of the tapetum. The mutant pollen lacked the nexine II and intine layers, and shriveled without cytoplasm. The expression of some genes required for pollen wall formation was examined in osabcg3 mutants. The mutation did not alter the expression of the regulatory genes and lipid metabolism genes, but altered the expression of lipid transport genes. CONCLUSIONS Base on the genetic and cytological analyses, OsABCG3 was proposed to transport the tapetum-produced materials essential for pollen wall formation. This study provided a new perspective to the genetic regulation of pollen wall development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Chang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Mingna Jin
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Wei Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
- School of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 10048 China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Shijun Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Shan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 53004 China
| | - Jixing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 53004 China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Zhufeng Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
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Han Y, Wang X, Zhao F, Gao S, Wei A, Chen Z, Liu N, Zhang Z, Du S. Transcriptomic analysis of differentially expressed genes in flower-buds of genetic male sterile and wild type cucumber by RNA sequencing. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 24:359-367. [PMID: 29692544 PMCID: PMC5911260 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0515-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) pollen development involves a diverse range of gene interactions between sporophytic and gametophytic tissues. Previous studies in our laboratory showed that male sterility was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene, and occurred in pollen mother cell meiophase. To fully explore the global gene expression and identify genes related to male sterility, a RNA-seq analysis was adopted in this study. Young male flower-buds (1-2 mm in length) from genetic male sterility (GMS) mutant and homozygous fertile cucumber (WT) were collected for two sequencing libraries. Total 545 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 142 up-regulated DEGs and 403 down-regulated DEGs, were detected in two libraries (Fold Change ≥ 2, FDR < 0.01). These genes were involved in a variety of metabolic pathways, like ethylene-activated signaling pathway, sporopollenin biosynthetic pathway, cell cycle and DNA damage repair pathway. qRT-PCR analysis was performed and showed that the correlation between RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR was 0.876. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism that leads to GMS in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Han
- Department of Vegetable Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Vegetable Breeding Enterprise, Tianjin Kernel Cucumber Research Institute, 295 Baidi Road, Tianjin, 300192 China
| | - Xianyun Wang
- College of Life, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Fengyue Zhao
- College of Life, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071 China
| | - Shang Gao
- The Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 0661 USA
| | - Aimin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Vegetable Breeding Enterprise, Tianjin Kernel Cucumber Research Institute, 295 Baidi Road, Tianjin, 300192 China
| | - Zhengwu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Vegetable Breeding Enterprise, Tianjin Kernel Cucumber Research Institute, 295 Baidi Road, Tianjin, 300192 China
| | - Nan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Vegetable Breeding Enterprise, Tianjin Kernel Cucumber Research Institute, 295 Baidi Road, Tianjin, 300192 China
| | - Zhenxian Zhang
- Department of Vegetable Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Shengli Du
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Vegetable Breeding Enterprise, Tianjin Kernel Cucumber Research Institute, 295 Baidi Road, Tianjin, 300192 China
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58
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Rao GS, Deveshwar P, Sharma M, Kapoor S, Rao KV. Evolvement of transgenic male-sterility and fertility-restoration system in rice for production of hybrid varieties. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:35-51. [PMID: 29090429 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a unique male-sterility and fertility-restoration system in rice by combining Brassica napus cysteine-protease gene (BnCysP1) with anther-specific P12 promoter of rice for facilitating production of hybrid varieties. In diverse crop plants, male-sterility has been exploited as a useful approach for production of hybrid varieties to harness the benefits of hybrid vigour. The promoter region of Os12bglu38 gene of rice has been isolated from the developing panicles and was designated as P12. The promoter was fused with gusA reporter gene and was expressed in Arabidopsis and rice systems. Transgenic plants exhibited GUS activity in tapetal cells and pollen of the developing anthers indicating anther/pollen-specific expression of the promoter. For engineering nuclear male sterility, the coding region of Brassica napus cysteine protease1 (BnCysP1) was isolated from developing seeds and fused to P12 promoter. Transgenic rice plants obtained with P12-BnCysP1 failed to produce functional pollen grains. The F1 seeds obtained from BnCysP1 male-sterile plants and untransformed controls showed 1:1 (tolerant:sensitive) ratio when germinated on the MS medium supplemented with phosphinothricin (5 mg/l), confirming that the male sterility has been successfully engineered in rice. For male fertility restoration, transgenic rice plants carrying BnCysP1Si silencing system were developed. The pollination of BnCysP1 male-sterile (female-fertile) plants with BnCysP1Si pollen resulted in normal grain filling. The F1 seeds of BnCysP1 × BnCysP1Si when germinated on the MS basal medium containing PPT (5 mg/l) and hygromycin (70 mg/l) exhibited 1:1 (tolerant:sensitive) ratio and the tolerant plants invariably showed normal grain filling. The overall results clearly suggest that the customized male-sterility & fertility-restoration system can be exploited for quality hybrid seed production in various crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priyanka Deveshwar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Malini Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Sanjay Kapoor
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
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Liu J, Du H, Ding X, Zhou Y, Xie P, Wu J. Mechanisms of callose deposition in rice regulated by exogenous abscisic acid and its involvement in rice resistance to Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:2559-2568. [PMID: 28664567 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Callose is a plant cell wall polysaccharide controlled by β-1,3-glucanase and synthase. Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important plant hormone. Exogenous ABA promotes rice resistance to pests. Whether exogenous ABA could reduce the decline in rice yield after brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål; BPH) feeding is an important question, however, the mechanisms behind rice resistance induced by ABA remain obscure. RESULTS Electronic penetration graph (EPG) recording indicated a significant increase in rice resistance to BPH, and the number of BPH eggs decreased significantly upon application of exogenous ABA. As the concentration of ABA increased, the reduction in rice yield decreased significantly after BPH feeding. Further studies showed that β-1,3-glucanase activity was significantly lower, but synthase activity was higher after ABA treatment than in controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that exogenous ABA suppressed β-1,3-glucanase and induced synthase activity, and promoted callose deposition. This is an important defense mechanism that prevents BPH from ingesting phloem sap. These studies provide support for an insect-resistance mechanism after ABA treatment and provide a reference for the integrated management of other piercing-sucking pests. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglan Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Du
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xu Ding
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yaodong Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Xie
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jincai Wu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI) family can be related to male sterility in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). Mol Genet Genomics 2017; 293:343-357. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-017-1391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Characterization and Identification of a woody lesion mimic mutant lmd, showing defence response and resistance to Alternaria alternate in birch. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11308. [PMID: 28900274 PMCID: PMC5595973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants (LMM) usually show spontaneous cell death and enhanced defence responses similar to hypersensitive response (HR) in plants. Many LMM have been reported in rice, wheat, maize, barley, Arabidopsis, etc., but little was reported in xylophyta. BpGH3.5 is an early auxin-response factor which regulates root elongation in birch. Here, we found a T-DNA insertion mutant in a BpGH3.5 transgenic line named lmd showing typical LMM characters and early leaf senescence in Betula platyphylla × B. pendula. lmd showed H2O2 accumulation, increased SA level and enhanced resistance to Alternaria alternate, compared with oe21 (another BpGH3.5 transgenic line) and NT (non-transgenic line). Cellular structure observation showed that programmed cell death occurred in lmd leaves. Stereomicroscope observation and Evans’ blue staining indicated that lmd is a member of initiation class of LMM. Transcriptome analysis indicated that defence response-related pathways were enriched. Southern-blot indicated that there were two insertion sites in lmd genome. Genome re-sequencing and thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (TAIL-PCR) confirmed the two insertion sites, one of which is a T-DNA insertion in the promoter of BpEIL1 that may account for the lesion mimic phenotype. This study will benefit future research on programmed cell death, HR and disease resistance in woody plants.
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Cao A, Jin J, Li S, Wang J. Integrated analysis of mRNA and miRNA expression profiling in rice backcrossed progenies (BC2F12) with different plant height. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184106. [PMID: 28859136 PMCID: PMC5578646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-specific hybridization and backcrossing commonly occur in plants. The use of progeny generated from inter-specific hybridization and backcrossing has been developed as a novel model system to explore gene expression divergence. The present study investigated the analysis of gene expression and miRNA regulation in backcrossed introgression lines constructed from cultivated and wild rice. High-throughput sequencing was used to compare gene and miRNA expression profiles in three progeny lines (L1710, L1817 and L1730), with different plant heights resulting from the backcrossing of introgression lines (BC2F12) and their parents (O. sativa and O. longistaminata). A total of 25,387 to 26,139 mRNAs and 379 to 419 miRNAs were obtained in these rice lines. More differentially expressed genes and miRNAs were detected in progeny/O. longistaminata comparison groups than in progeny/O. sativa comparison groups. Approximately 80% of the genes and miRNAs showed expression level dominance to O. sativa, indicating that three progeny lines were closer to the recurrent parent, which might be influenced by their parental genome dosage. Approximately 16% to 64% of the differentially expressed miRNAs possessing coherent target genes were predicted, and many of these miRNAs regulated multiple target genes. Most genes were up-regulated in progeny lines compared with their parents, but down-regulated in the higher plant height line in the comparison groups among the three progeny lines. Moreover, certain genes related to cell walls and plant hormones might play crucial roles in the plant height variations of the three progeny lines. Taken together, these results provided valuable information on the molecular mechanisms of hybrid backcrossing and plant height variations based on the gene and miRNA expression levels in the three progeny lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Tang P, Zhang Q, Yao X. Comparative transcript profiling explores differentially expressed genes associated with sexual phenotype in kiwifruit. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180542. [PMID: 28672040 PMCID: PMC5495465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kiwifruit is a perennial, deciduous and functionally dioecious plant. However, very little is known about the whole-genome molecular mechanisms contributing to distinct sexual phenotypes. To gain a global view of genes differentially expressed between male and female flowers, we analyzed genome-wide gene expression profiles in the flowers of male and female plants using high-throughput RNA sequencing. Results A total of 53.5 million reads were generated. Based on the alignments of unigenes to kiwifruit genome predicted genes, a total of 39,040 unique genes with a mean length of 970 bp were identified. There were 2,503 UniGenes differentially expressed between female and male flowers, with 1,793 up-regulated and 710 down-regulated in the female flowers. Moreover, the gene expression pattern of 17 out of 19 unigenes differentially expressed between male and female flowers revealed by RNA-Seq was confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Conclusions Here, we obtained a large number of EST sequences from female and male flowers of kiwifruit. This comparative transcriptome analysis provides an invaluable resource for gene expression, genomics, and functional genomic studies in A. chinensis and its related species. This study also represents a first step toward the investigation of genes involved in kiwifruit sex determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Speciality Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail:
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Yue L, Twell D, Kuang Y, Liao J, Zhou X. Transcriptome Analysis of Hamelia patens (Rubiaceae) Anthers Reveals Candidate Genes for Tapetum and Pollen Wall Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 7:1991. [PMID: 28119704 PMCID: PMC5220384 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the anther transcriptome on non-model plants without a known genome are surprisingly scarce. RNA-Seq and digital gene expression (DGE) profiling provides a comprehensive approach to identify candidate genes contributing to developmental processes in non-model species. Here we built a transcriptome library of developing anthers of Hamelia patens and analyzed DGE profiles from each stage to identify genes that regulate tapetum and pollen development. In total 7,720 putative differentially expressed genes across four anther stages were identified. The number of putative stage-specific genes was: 776 at microspore mother cell stage, 807 at tetrad stage, 322 at uninucleate microspore stage, and the highest number (1,864) at bicellular pollen stage. GO enrichment analysis revealed 243 differentially expressed and 108 stage-specific genes that are potentially related to tapetum development, sporopollenin synthesis, and pollen wall. The number of expressed genes, their function and expression profiles were all significantly correlated with anther developmental processes. Overall comparisons of anther and pollen transcriptomes with those of rice and Arabidopsis together with the expression profiles of homologs of known anther-expressed genes, revealed conserved patterns and also divergence. The divergence may reflect taxon-specific differences in gene expression, the use RNA-seq as a more sensitive methodology, variation in tissue composition and sampling strategies. Given the lack of genomic sequence, this study succeeded in assigning putative identity to a significant proportion of anther-expressed genes and genes relevant to tapetum and pollen development in H. patens. The anther transcriptome revealed a molecular distinction between developmental stages, serving as a resource to unravel the functions of genes involved in anther development in H. patens and informing the analysis of other members of the Rubiaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - David Twell
- Department of Genetics, University of LeicesterLeicester, UK
| | - Yanfeng Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Jingping Liao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
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Su Y, Wang Z, Liu F, Li Z, Peng Q, Guo J, Xu L, Que Y. Isolation and Characterization of ScGluD2, a New Sugarcane beta-1,3-Glucanase D Family Gene Induced by Sporisorium scitamineum, ABA, H2O2, NaCl, and CdCl2 Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1348. [PMID: 27642288 PMCID: PMC5009122 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Beta-1,3-glucanases (EC 3.2.1.39), commonly known as pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, play an important role not only in plant defense against fungal pathogens but also in plant physiological and developmental processes. However, only a limited number of sugarcane beta-1,3-glucanase genes have been isolated. In the present study, we identified and characterized a new beta-1,3-glucanase gene ScGluD2 (GenBank Acc No. KF664181) from sugarcane. An X8 domain was present at the C terminal region of ScGluD2, suggesting beta-1,3-glucan-binding function. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the predicted ScGluD2 protein was classified into subfamily D beta-1,3-glucanase. Localization of the ScGluD2 protein in the plasma membrane was determined by tagging it with green fluorescent protein. The expression of ScGluD2 was more up-regulated in sugarcane smut-resistant cultivars in the early stage (1 or 3 days) than in the susceptible ones after being challenged by the smut pathogen, revealing that ScGluD2 may be involved in defense against the invasion of Sporisorium scitamineum. Transient overexpression of ScGluD2 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves induced a defense response and exhibited antimicrobial action on the tobacco pathogens Pseudomonas solanacearum and Botrytis cinerea, further demonstrating that ScGluD2 was related to the resistance to plant pathogens. However, the transcripts of ScGluD2 partially increased (12 h) under NaCl stress, and were steadily up-regulated from 6 to 24 h upon ABA, H2O2, and CdCl2 treatments, suggesting that ABA may be a signal molecule regulating oxidative stress and play a role in the salt and heavy metal stress-induced stimulation of ScGluD2 transcripts. Taken together, ScGluD2, a novel member of subfamily D beta-1,3-glucanase, was a stress-related gene of sugarcane involved in plant defense against smut pathogen attack and salt and heavy metal stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Liping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
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Song L, Zhou Z, Tang S, Zhang Z, Xia S, Qin M, Li B, Wen J, Yi B, Shen J, Ma C, Fu T, Tu J. Ectopic Expression of BnaC.CP20.1 Results in Premature Tapetal Programmed Cell Death in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1972-84. [PMID: 27388342 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) is essential in pollen grain development, and cysteine proteases are ubiquitous enzymes participating in plant PCD. Although the major papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs) have been investigated, the exact functions of many PLCPs are still poorly understood in PCD. Here, we identified a PLCP gene, BnaC.CP20.1, which was closely related to XP_013596648.1 from Brassica oleracea. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that BnaC.CP20.1 expression was down-regulated in male-sterile lines in oilseed rape, suggesting a connection between this gene and male sterility. BnaC.CP20.1 is especially active in the tapetum and microspores in Brassica napus from the uninucleate stage until formation of mature pollen grains during anther development. On expression of BnaC.CP20.1 prior to the tetrad stage, BnA9::BnaC.CP20.1 transgenic lines in Arabidopsis thaliana showed a male-sterile phenotype with shortened siliques containing fewer or no seeds by self-crossing. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the reticulate exine was defective in aborted microspores. Callose degradation was delayed and microspores were not released from the tetrad in a timely fashion. Additionally, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay indicated that BnaC.CP20.1 ectopic expression led to premature tapetal PCD. Transmission electron microscopy analyses further demonstrated that the pollen abortion was due to the absence of tectum connections to the bacula in the transgenic anthers. These findings suggest that timely expression of BnaC.CP20.1 is necessary for tapetal degeneration and pollen wall formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Song
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhengfu Zhou
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shan Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shengqian Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Maomao Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Liu B, Gómez LD, Hua C, Sun L, Ali I, Huang L, Yu C, Simister R, Steele-King C, Gan Y, McQueen-Mason SJ. Linkage Mapping of Stem Saccharification Digestibility in Rice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159117. [PMID: 27415441 PMCID: PMC4944936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice is the staple food of almost half of the world population, and in excess 90% of it is grown and consumed in Asia, but the disposal of rice straw poses a problem for farmers, who often burn it in the fields, causing health and environmental problems. However, with increased focus on the development of sustainable biofuel production, rice straw has been recognized as a potential feedstock for non-food derived biofuel production. Currently, the commercial realization of rice as a biofuel feedstock is constrained by the high cost of industrial saccharification processes needed to release sugar for fermentation. This study is focused on the alteration of lignin content, and cell wall chemotypes and structures, and their effects on the saccharification potential of rice lignocellulosic biomass. A recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population derived from a cross between the lowland rice variety IR1552 and the upland rice variety Azucena with 271 molecular markers for quantitative trait SNP (QTS) analyses was used. After association analysis of 271 markers for saccharification potential, 1 locus and 4 pairs of epistatic loci were found to contribute to the enzymatic digestibility phenotype, and an inverse relationship between reducing sugar and lignin content in these recombinant inbred lines was identified. As a result of QTS analyses, several cell-wall associated candidate genes are proposed that may be useful for marker-assisted breeding and may aid breeders to produce potential high saccharification rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Liu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leonardo D. Gómez
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Cangmei Hua
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Imran Ali
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linli Huang
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Yu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rachael Simister
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Steele-King
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Yinbo Gan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Simon J. McQueen-Mason
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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Xu X, Feng Y, Fang S, Xu J, Wang X, Guo W. Genome-wide characterization of the β-1,3-glucanase gene family in Gossypium by comparative analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29044. [PMID: 27353015 PMCID: PMC4926093 DOI: 10.1038/srep29044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-1,3-glucanase gene family is involved in a wide range of plant developmental processes as well as pathogen defense mechanisms. Comprehensive analyses of β-1,3-glucanase genes (GLUs) have not been reported in cotton. Here, we identified 67, 68, 130 and 158 GLUs in four sequenced cotton species, G. raimondii (D5), G. arboreum (A2), G. hirsutum acc. TM-1 (AD1), and G. barbadense acc. 3-79 (AD2), respectively. Cotton GLUs can be classified into the eight subfamilies (A-H), and their protein domain architecture and intron/exon structure are relatively conserved within each subfamily. Sixty-seven GLUs in G. raimondii were anchored onto 13 chromosomes, with 27 genes involved in segmental duplications, and 13 in tandem duplications. Expression patterns showed highly developmental and spatial regulation of GLUs in TM-1. In particular, the expression of individual member of GLUs in subfamily E was limited to roots, leaves, floral organs or fibers. Members of subfamily E also showed more protein evolution and subgenome expression bias compared with members of other subfamilies. We clarified that GLU42 and GLU43 in subfamily E were preferentially expressed in root and leaf tissues and significantly upregulated after Verticillium dahliae inoculation. Silencing of GLU42 and GLU43 significantly increased the susceptibility of cotton to V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, MOE, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, MOE, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuai Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, MOE, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, MOE, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wangzhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R&D Engineering Research Center, MOE, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Alagna F, Cirilli M, Galla G, Carbone F, Daddiego L, Facella P, Lopez L, Colao C, Mariotti R, Cultrera N, Rossi M, Barcaccia G, Baldoni L, Muleo R, Perrotta G. Transcript Analysis and Regulative Events during Flower Development in Olive (Olea europaea L.). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152943. [PMID: 27077738 PMCID: PMC4831748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification and characterization of transcripts involved in flower organ development, plant reproduction and metabolism represent key steps in plant phenotypic and physiological pathways, and may generate high-quality transcript variants useful for the development of functional markers. This study was aimed at obtaining an extensive characterization of the olive flower transcripts, by providing sound information on the candidate MADS-box genes related to the ABC model of flower development and on the putative genetic and molecular determinants of ovary abortion and pollen-pistil interaction. The overall sequence data, obtained by pyrosequencing of four cDNA libraries from flowers at different developmental stages of three olive varieties with distinct reproductive features (Leccino, Frantoio and Dolce Agogia), included approximately 465,000 ESTs, which gave rise to more than 14,600 contigs and approximately 92,000 singletons. As many as 56,700 unigenes were successfully annotated and provided gene ontology insights into the structural organization and putative molecular function of sequenced transcripts and deduced proteins in the context of their corresponding biological processes. Differentially expressed genes with potential regulatory roles in biosynthetic pathways and metabolic networks during flower development were identified. The gene expression studies allowed us to select the candidate genes that play well-known molecular functions in a number of biosynthetic pathways and specific biological processes that affect olive reproduction. A sound understanding of gene functions and regulatory networks that characterize the olive flower is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiammetta Alagna
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Cirilli
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecophysiology and Biotechnology of Woody Plants, Department of Agricultural and Forestry Science, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giulio Galla
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Genomics, DAFNAE, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carbone
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, TRISAIA Research Center, Rotondella (MT), Italy
| | - Loretta Daddiego
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, TRISAIA Research Center, Rotondella (MT), Italy
| | - Paolo Facella
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, TRISAIA Research Center, Rotondella (MT), Italy
| | - Loredana Lopez
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, TRISAIA Research Center, Rotondella (MT), Italy
| | - Chiara Colao
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecophysiology and Biotechnology of Woody Plants, Department of Agricultural and Forestry Science, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Roberto Mariotti
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicolò Cultrera
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
| | - Martina Rossi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianni Barcaccia
- Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Genomics, DAFNAE, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Luciana Baldoni
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
- * E-mail: (RM); (LB)
| | - Rosario Muleo
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecophysiology and Biotechnology of Woody Plants, Department of Agricultural and Forestry Science, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- * E-mail: (RM); (LB)
| | - Gaetano Perrotta
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, TRISAIA Research Center, Rotondella (MT), Italy
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Shi J, Cui M, Yang L, Kim YJ, Zhang D. Genetic and Biochemical Mechanisms of Pollen Wall Development. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:741-753. [PMID: 26442683 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The pollen wall is a specialized extracellular cell wall matrix that surrounds male gametophytes and plays an essential role in plant reproduction. Uncovering the mechanisms that control the synthesis and polymerization of the precursors of pollen wall components has been a major research focus in plant biology. We review current knowledge on the genetic and biochemical mechanisms underlying pollen wall development in eudicot model Arabidopsis thaliana and monocot model rice (Oryza sativa), focusing on the genes involved in the biosynthesis, transport, and assembly of various precursors of pollen wall components. The conserved and divergent aspects of the genes involved as well as their regulation are addressed. Current challenges and future perspectives are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Meihua Cui
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Li Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Youngin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia.
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71
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Zhang D, Kong W, Robertson J, Goff VH, Epps E, Kerr A, Mills G, Cromwell J, Lugin Y, Phillips C, Paterson AH. Genetic analysis of inflorescence and plant height components in sorghum (Panicoidae) and comparative genetics with rice (Oryzoidae). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:107. [PMID: 25896918 PMCID: PMC4404672 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Domestication has played an important role in shaping characteristics of the inflorescence and plant height in cultivated cereals. Taking advantage of meta-analysis of QTLs, phylogenetic analyses in 502 diverse sorghum accessions, GWAS in a sorghum association panel (n = 354) and comparative data, we provide insight into the genetic basis of the domestication traits in sorghum and rice. RESULTS We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on 6 traits related to inflorescence morphology and 6 traits related to plant height in sorghum, comparing the genomic regions implicated in these traits by GWAS and QTL mapping, respectively. In a search for signatures of selection, we identify genomic regions that may contribute to sorghum domestication regarding plant height, flowering time and pericarp color. Comparative studies across taxa show functionally conserved 'hotspots' in sorghum and rice for awn presence and pericarp color that do not appear to reflect corresponding single genes but may indicate co-regulated clusters of genes. We also reveal homoeologous regions retaining similar functions for plant height and flowering time since genome duplication an estimated 70 million years ago or more in a common ancestor of cereals. In most such homoeologous QTL pairs, only one QTL interval exhibits strong selection signals in modern sorghum. CONCLUSIONS Intersections among QTL, GWAS and comparative data advance knowledge of genetic determinants of inflorescence and plant height components in sorghum, and add new dimensions to comparisons between sorghum and rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Wenqian Kong
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Jon Robertson
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Valorie H Goff
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Ethan Epps
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Alexandra Kerr
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Gabriel Mills
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Jay Cromwell
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Yelena Lugin
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Christine Phillips
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Andrew H Paterson
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Shi X, Sun X, Zhang Z, Feng D, Zhang Q, Han L, Wu J, Lu T. GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE 5 (GSL5) Plays an Essential Role in Male Fertility by Regulating Callose Metabolism During Microsporogenesis in Rice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 56:497-509. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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73
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Fernández Gómez J, Wilson ZA. A barley PHD finger transcription factor that confers male sterility by affecting tapetal development. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 12:765-77. [PMID: 24684666 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Controlling pollen development is of major commercial importance in generating hybrid crops and selective breeding, but characterized genes for male sterility in crops are rare, with no current examples in barley. However, translation of knowledge from model species is now providing opportunities to understand and manipulate such processes in economically important crops. We have used information from regulatory networks in Arabidopsis to identify and functionally characterize a barley PHD transcription factor MALE STERTILITY1 (MS1), which expresses in the anther tapetum and plays a critical role during pollen development. Comparative analysis of Arabidopsis, rice and Brachypodium genomes was used to identify conserved regions in MS1 for primer design to amplify the barley MS1 gene; RACE-PCR was subsequently used to generate the full-length sequence. This gene shows anther-specific tapetal expression, between late tetrad stage and early microspore release. HvMS1 silencing and overexpression in barley resulted in male sterility. Additionally, HvMS1 cDNA, controlled by the native Arabidopsis MS1 promoter, successfully complemented the homozygous ms1 Arabidopsis mutant. These results confirm the conservation of MS1 function in higher plants and in particular in temperate cereals. This has provided the first example of a characterized male sterility gene in barley, which presents a valuable tool for the future control of male fertility in barley for hybrid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Fernández Gómez
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
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74
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Fu Z, Yu J, Cheng X, Zong X, Xu J, Chen M, Li Z, Zhang D, Liang W. The Rice Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor TDR INTERACTING PROTEIN2 Is a Central Switch in Early Anther Development. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:1512-1524. [PMID: 24755456 PMCID: PMC4036568 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.123745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In male reproductive development in plants, meristemoid precursor cells possessing transient, stem cell-like features undergo cell divisions and differentiation to produce the anther, the male reproductive organ. The anther contains centrally positioned microsporocytes surrounded by four distinct layers of wall: the epidermis, endothecium, middle layer, and tapetum. Here, we report that the rice (Oryza sativa) basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein TDR INTERACTING PROTEIN2 (TIP2) functions as a crucial switch in the meristemoid transition and differentiation during early anther development. The tip2 mutants display undifferentiated inner three anther wall layers and abort tapetal programmed cell death, causing complete male sterility. TIP2 has two paralogs in rice, TDR and EAT1, which are key regulators of tapetal programmed cell death. We revealed that TIP2 acts upstream of TDR and EAT1 and directly regulates the expression of TDR and EAT1. In addition, TIP2 can interact with TDR, indicating a role of TIP2 in later anther development. Our findings suggest that the bHLH proteins TIP2, TDR, and EAT1 play a central role in regulating differentiation, morphogenesis, and degradation of anther somatic cell layers, highlighting the role of paralogous bHLH proteins in regulating distinct steps of plant cell-type determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaowei Cheng
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Xu Zong
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mingjiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zongyun Li
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wanqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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75
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Differential proteomic studies of the genic male-sterile line and fertile line anthers of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Genes Genomics 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-014-0176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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76
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Su Y, Guo J, Ling H, Chen S, Wang S, Xu L, Allan AC, Que Y. Isolation of a novel peroxisomal catalase gene from sugarcane, which is responsive to biotic and abiotic stresses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84426. [PMID: 24392135 PMCID: PMC3879312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalase is an iron porphyrin enzyme, which serves as an efficient scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to avoid oxidative damage. In sugarcane, the enzymatic activity of catalase in a variety (Yacheng05–179) resistant to the smut pathogen Sporisorium scitamineum was always higher than that of the susceptible variety (Liucheng03–182), suggesting that catalase activity may have a positive correlation with smut resistance in sugarcane. To understand the function of catalase at the molecular level, a cDNA sequence of ScCAT1 (GenBank Accession No. KF664183), was isolated from sugarcane infected by S. scitamineum. ScCAT1 was predicted to encode 492 amino acid residues, and its deduced amino acid sequence shared a high degree of homology with other plant catalases. Enhanced growth of ScCAT1 in recombinant Escherichia coli Rosetta cells under the stresses of CuCl2, CdCl2 and NaCl indicated its high tolerance. Q-PCR results showed that ScCAT1 was expressed at relatively high levels in the bud, whereas expression was moderate in stem epidermis and stem pith. Different kinds of stresses, including S. scitamineum challenge, plant hormones (SA, MeJA and ABA) treatments, oxidative (H2O2) stress, heavy metal (CuCl2) and hyper-osmotic (PEG and NaCl) stresses, triggered a significant induction of ScCAT1. The ScCAT1 protein appeared to localize in plasma membrane and cytoplasm. Furthermore, histochemical assays using DAB and trypan blue staining, as well as conductivity measurement, indicated that ScCAT1 may confer the sugarcane immunity. In conclusion, the positive response of ScCAT1 to biotic and abiotic stresses suggests that ScCAT1 is involved in protection of sugarcane against reactive oxidant-related environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachun Su
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jinlong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hui Ling
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- * E-mail: (LX); (YQ)
| | - Andrew C. Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Sandringham, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- * E-mail: (LX); (YQ)
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Su YC, Xu LP, Xue BT, Wu QB, Guo JL, Wu LG, Que YX. Molecular cloning and characterization of two pathogenesis-related β-1,3-glucanase genes ScGluA1 and ScGluD1 from sugarcane infected by Sporisorium scitamineum. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:1503-19. [PMID: 23842883 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Two β-1,3-glucanase genes from sugarcane were cloned and characterized. They were all located in apoplast and involves in different expression patterns in biotic and abiotic stress. Smut caused by Sporisorium scitamineum is a serious disease in the sugarcane industry. β-1,3-Glucanase, a typical pathogenesis-related protein, has been shown to express during plant-pathogen interaction and involves in sugarcane defense response. In this study, β-1,3-glucanase enzyme activity in the resistant variety increased faster and lasted longer than that of the susceptible one when inoculated with S. scitamineum, along with a positive correlation between the activity of the β-1,3-glucanase and smut resistance. Furthermore, two β-1,3-glucanase genes from S. scitamineum infected sugarcane, ScGluA1 (GenBank Accession No. KC848050) and ScGluD1 (GenBank Accession No. KC848051) were cloned and characterized. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that ScGluA1 and ScGluD1 clustered within subfamily A and subfamily D, respectively. Subcellular localization analysis demonstrated that both gene products were targeted to apoplast. Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) cells expressing ScGluA1 and ScGluD1 showed varying degrees of tolerance to NaCl, CdCl2, PEG, CuCl2 and ZnSO4. Q-PCR analysis showed up-regulation of ScGluA1 and slight down-regulation of ScGluD1 in response to S. scitamineum infection. It suggested that ScGluA1 may be involved in the defense reaction of the sugarcane to the smut, while it is likely that ScGluD1 was inhibited. The gene expression patterns of ScGluA1 and ScGluD1, in response to abiotic stresses, were similar to sugarcane response against smut infection. Together, β-1,3-glucanase may function in sugarcane defense mechanism for S. scitamineum. The positive responses of ScGluA1 and the negative responses of ScGluD1 to biotic and abiotic stresses indicate they play different roles in interaction between sugarcane and biotic or abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-chun Su
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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78
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Jung KH, Gho HJ, Giong HK, Chandran AKN, Nguyen QN, Choi H, Zhang T, Wang W, Kim JH, Choi HK, An G. Genome-wide identification and analysis of Japonica and Indica cultivar-preferred transcripts in rice using 983 Affymetrix array data. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 6:19. [PMID: 24280533 PMCID: PMC4883688 DOI: 10.1186/1939-8433-6-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation of genome-wide transcriptome data provides new insight on a genomic scale which cannot be gained by analyses of individual data. The majority of rice (O. sativa) species are japonica and indica cultivars. Genome-wide identification of genes differentially expressed between japonica and indica cultivars will be very useful in understanding the domestication and evolution of rice species. RESULTS In this study, we analyzed 983 of the 1866 entries in the Affymetrix array data in the public database: 595 generated from indica and 388 from japonica rice cultivars. To discover differentially expressed genes in each cultivar, we performed significance analysis of microarrays for normalized data, and identified 490 genes preferentially expressed in japonica and 104 genes in indica. Gene Ontology analyses revealed that defense response-related genes are significantly enriched in both cultivars, indicating that japonica and indica might be under strong selection pressure for these traits during domestication. In addition, 36 (34.6%) of 104 genes preferentially expressed in indica and 256 (52.2%) of 490 genes preferentially expressed in japonica were annotated as genes of unknown function. Biotic stress overview in the MapMan toolkit revealed key elements of the signaling pathway for defense response in japonica or indica eQTLs. CONCLUSIONS The percentage of screened genes preferentially expressed in indica was 4-fold higher (34.6%) and that in japonica was 5-fold (52.2%) higher than expected (11.1%), suggesting that genes of unknown function are responsible for the novel traits that distinguish japonica and indica cultivars. The identification of 10 functionally characterized genes expressed preferentially in either japonica or indica highlights the significance of our candidate genes during the domestication of rice species. Functional analysis of the roles of individual components of stress-mediated signaling pathways will shed light on potential molecular mechanisms to improve disease resistance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hong Jung
- />Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Gho
- />Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hoi-Khoanh Giong
- />Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Anil Kumar Nalini Chandran
- />Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Quynh-Nga Nguyen
- />Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701 Republic of Korea
| | - HeeBak Choi
- />Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Tian Zhang
- />CAS-Max Planck Junior Research Group on Evolutionary Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, China
| | - Wen Wang
- />CAS-Max Planck Junior Research Group on Evolutionary Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, China
| | - Jin-Hyun Kim
- />Department of Medical Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Kyu Choi
- />Department of Medical Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- />Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701 Republic of Korea
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79
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Jiang J, Zhang Z, Cao J. Pollen wall development: the associated enzymes and metabolic pathways. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2013; 15:249-63. [PMID: 23252839 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pollen grains are surrounded by a sculpted wall, which protects male gametophytes from various environmental stresses and microbial attacks, and also facilitates pollination. Pollen wall development requires lipid and polysaccharide metabolism, and some key genes and proteins that participate in these processes have recently been identified. Here, we summarise the genes and describe their functions during pollen wall development via several metabolic pathways. A working model involving substances and catalytic enzyme reactions that occur during pollen development is also presented. This model provides information on the complete process of pollen wall development with respect to metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jiang
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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80
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Yan X, Dong C, Yu J, Liu W, Jiang C, Liu J, Hu Q, Fang X, Wei W. Transcriptome profile analysis of young floral buds of fertile and sterile plants from the self-pollinated offspring of the hybrid between novel restorer line NR1 and Nsa CMS line in Brassica napus. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:26. [PMID: 23324545 PMCID: PMC3556089 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fertile and sterile plants were derived from the self-pollinated offspring of the F1 hybrid between the novel restorer line NR1 and the Nsa CMS line in Brassica napus. To elucidate gene expression and regulation caused by the A and C subgenomes of B. napus, as well as the alien chromosome and cytoplasm from Sinapis arvensis during the development of young floral buds, we performed a genome-wide high-throughput transcriptomic sequencing for young floral buds of sterile and fertile plants. RESULTS In this study, equal amounts of total RNAs taken from young floral buds of sterile and fertile plants were sequenced using the Illumina/Solexa platform. After filtered out low quality data, a total of 2,760,574 and 2,714,441 clean tags were remained in the two libraries, from which 242,163 (Ste) and 253,507 (Fer) distinct tags were obtained. All distinct sequencing tags were annotated using all possible CATG+17-nt sequences of the genome and transcriptome of Brassica rapa and those of Brassica oleracea as the reference sequences, respectively. In total, 3231 genes of B. rapa and 3371 genes of B. oleracea were detected with significant differential expression levels. GO and pathway-based analyses were performed to determine and further to understand the biological functions of those differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In addition, there were 1089 specially expressed unknown tags in Fer, which were neither mapped to B. oleracea nor to B. rapa, and these unique tags were presumed to arise basically from the added alien chromosome of S. arvensis. Fifteen genes were randomly selected and their expression levels were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR, and fourteen of them showed consistent expression patterns with the digital gene expression (DGE) data. CONCLUSIONS A number of genes were differentially expressed between the young floral buds of sterile and fertile plants. Some of these genes may be candidates for future research on CMS in Nsa line, fertility restoration and improved agronomic traits in NR1 line. Further study of the unknown tags which were specifically expressed in Fer will help to explore desirable agronomic traits from wild species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Caihua Dong
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jingyin Yu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Wanghui Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Chenghong Jiang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Qiong Hu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xiaoping Fang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Wenhui Wei
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
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81
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Zheng R, Sijun Yue, Xu X, Liu J, Xu Q, Wang X, Han L, Yu D. Proteome analysis of the wild and YX-1 male sterile mutant anthers of wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.). PLoS One 2012; 7:e41861. [PMID: 22860020 PMCID: PMC3408462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollen development is disturbed in the early tetrad stage of the YX-1 male sterile mutant of wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.). The present study aimed to identify differentially expressed anther proteins and to reveal their possible roles in pollen development and male sterility. To address this question, the proteomes of the wild-type (WT) and YX-1 mutant were compared. Approximately 1760 protein spots on two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) gels were detected. A number of proteins whose accumulation levels were altered in YX-1 compared with WT were identified by mass spectrometry and the NCBInr and Viridiplantae EST databases. Proteins down-regulated in YX-1 anthers include ascorbate peroxidase (APX), putative glutamine synthetase (GS), ATP synthase subunits, chalcone synthase (CHS), CHS-like, putative callose synthase catalytic subunit, cysteine protease, 5B protein, enoyl-ACP reductase, 14-3-3 protein and basic transcription factor 3 (BTF3). Meanwhile, activities of APX and GS, RNA expression levels of apx and atp synthase beta subunit were low in YX-1 anthers which correlated with the expression of male sterility. In addition, several carbohydrate metabolism-related and photosynthesis-related enzymes were also present at lower levels in the mutant anthers. In contrast, 26S proteasome regulatory subunits, cysteine protease inhibitor, putative S-phase Kinase association Protein 1(SKP1), and aspartic protease, were expressed at higher levels in YX-1 anthers relative to WT anthers. Regulation of wolfberry pollen development involves a complex network of differentially expressed genes. The present study lays the foundation for future investigations of gene function linked with wolfberry pollen development and male sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Sijun Yue
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Polytechnic College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, China
| | - Jianyu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Xu
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Han
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Deyue Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Yi J, Kim SR, Lee DY, Moon S, Lee YS, Jung KH, Hwang I, An G. The rice gene DEFECTIVE TAPETUM AND MEIOCYTES 1 (DTM1) is required for early tapetum development and meiosis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 70:256-70. [PMID: 22111585 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04864.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Tapetum development and meiosis play crucial roles in anther development. Here we identified a rice gene, DEFECTIVE TAPETUM AND MEIOCYTES 1 (DTM1), which controls the early stages of that development. This gene encodes for an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein that is present only in cereals. Our T-DNA insertion mutations gave rise to abnormal tapetal formation. Cellular organelles, especially the ER, were underdeveloped, which led to hampered differentiation and degeneration of the tapetum. In addition, the development of pollen mother cells was arrested at the early stages of meiotic prophase I. RNA in-situ hybridization analyses showed that DTM1 transcripts were most abundant in tapetal cells at stages 6 and 7, and moderately in the pollen mother cells and meiocytes. Transcripts of UDT1, which functions in tapetum development during early meiosis, were reduced in dtm1 anthers, as were those of PAIR1, which is involved in chromosome pairing and synapsis during meiosis. However, expression of MSP1 and MEL1, which function in anther wall specification and germ cell division, respectively, was not altered in the dtm1 mutant. Moreover, transcripts of DTM1 were reduced in msp1 mutant anthers, but not in udt1 and pair1 mutants. These results, together with their mutant phenotypes, suggest that DTM1 plays important roles in the ER membrane during early tapetum development, functioning after MSP1 and before UDT1, and also in meiocyte development, after MEL1 and before PAIR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakyung Yi
- Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
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83
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Winiarczyk K, Jaroszuk-Ściseł J, Kupisz K. Characterization of callase (β-1,3-D-glucanase) activity during microsporogenesis in the sterile anthers of Allium sativum L. and the fertile anthers of A. atropurpureum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 25:123-31. [PMID: 22438078 PMCID: PMC3356687 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-012-0184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We examined callase activity in anthers of sterile Allium sativum (garlic) and fertile Allium atropurpureum. In A. sativum, a species that produces sterile pollen and propagates only vegetatively, callase was extracted from the thick walls of A. sativum microspore tetrads exhibited maximum activity at pH 4.8, and the corresponding in vivo values ranged from 4.5 to 5.0. Once microspores were released, in vitro callase activity peaked at three distinct pH values, reflecting the presence of three callase isoforms. One isoform, which was previously identified in the tetrad stage, displayed maximum activity at pH 4.8, and the remaining two isoforms, which were novel, were most active at pH 6.0 and 7.3. The corresponding in vivo values ranged from pH 4.75 to 6.0. In contrast, in A. atropurpureum, a sexually propagating species, three callase isoforms, active at pH 4.8–5.2, 6.1, and 7.3, were identified in samples of microsporangia that had released their microspores. The corresponding in vivo value for this plant was 5.9. The callose wall persists around A. sativum meiotic cells, whereas only one callase isoform, with an optimum activity of pH 4.8, is active in the acidic environment of the microsporangium. However, this isoform is degraded when the pH rises to 6.0 and two other callase isoforms, maximally active at pH 6.0 and 7.3, appear. Thus, factors that alter the pH of the microsporangium may indirectly affect the male gametophyte development by modulating the activity of callase and thereby regulating the degradation of the callose wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Winiarczyk
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Maria Curie-Sklodowska, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
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84
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Zhou Z, Dun X, Xia S, Shi D, Qin M, Yi B, Wen J, Shen J, Ma C, Tu J, Fu T. BnMs3 is required for tapetal differentiation and degradation, microspore separation, and pollen-wall biosynthesis in Brassica napus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:2041-58. [PMID: 22174440 PMCID: PMC3295392 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
7365AB, a recessive genetic male sterility system, is controlled by BnMs3 in Brassica napus, which encodes a Tic40 protein required for tapetum development. However, the role of BnMs3 in rapeseed anther development is still largely unclear. In this research, cytological analysis revealed that anther development of a Bnms3 mutant has defects in the transition of the tapetum to the secretory type, callose degradation, and pollen-wall formation. A total of 76 down-regulated unigenes in the Bnms3 mutant, several of which are associated with tapetum development, callose degeneration, and pollen development, were isolated by suppression subtractive hybridization combined with a macroarray analysis. Reverse genetics was applied by means of Arabidopsis insertional mutant lines to characterize the function of these unigenes and revealed that MSR02 is only required for transport of sporopollenin precursors through the plasma membrane of the tapetum. The real-time PCR data have further verified that BnMs3 plays a primary role in tapetal differentiation by affecting the expression of a few key transcription factors, participates in tapetal degradation by modulating the expression of cysteine protease genes, and influences microspore separation by manipulating the expression of BnA6 and BnMSR66 related to callose degradation and of BnQRT1 and BnQRT3 required for the primary cell-wall degradation of the pollen mother cell. Moreover, BnMs3 takes part in pollen-wall formation by affecting the expression of a series of genes involved in biosynthesis and transport of sporopollenin precursors. All of the above results suggest that BnMs3 participates in tapetum development, microspore release, and pollen-wall formation in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jinxing Tu
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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