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Robson JK, Tidy AC, Thomas SG, Wilson ZA. Environmental regulation of male fertility is mediated through Arabidopsis transcription factors bHLH89, 91, and 10. J Exp Bot 2024; 75:1934-1947. [PMID: 38066689 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Formation of functional pollen and successful fertilization rely on the spatial and temporal regulation of anther and pollen development. This process responds to environmental cues to maintain optimal fertility despite climatic changes. Arabidopsis transcription factors basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) 10, 89, and 91 were previously thought to be functionally redundant in their control of male reproductive development, however here we show that they play distinct roles in the integration of light signals to maintain pollen development under different environmental conditions. Combinations of the double and triple bHLH10,89,91 mutants were analysed under normal (200 μmol m-2 s-1) and low (50 μmol m-2 s-1) light conditions to determine the impact on fertility. Transcriptomic analysis of a new conditionally sterile bhlh89,91 double mutant shows differential regulation of genes related to sexual reproduction, hormone signal transduction, and lipid storage and metabolism under low light. Here we have shown that bHLH89 and bHLH91 play a role in regulating fertility in response to light, suggesting that they function in mitigating environmental variation to ensure fertility is maintained under environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan K Robson
- Division of Plant & Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicester LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Alison C Tidy
- Division of Plant & Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicester LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Stephen G Thomas
- Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Zoe A Wilson
- Division of Plant & Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicester LE12 5RD, UK
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2
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Liu Y, Bai J, Yuan S, Gao S, Liu Z, Li Y, Zhang F, Zhao C, Zhang L. Characterization and expression analysis of chalcone synthase gene family members suggested their roles in the male sterility of a wheat temperature-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) line. Gene 2023; 888:147740. [PMID: 37661030 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Chalcone synthase (CHS), also known as the plants-specific type III polyketide synthases (PKSs), catalyzes the first key step in the biosynthesis of plant flavonoids. Flavonoids are one of the most important secondary metabolites which participate in flower pigmentation and pollen fertility. Recent reports have demonstrated the role of the CHS family in plant pollen exine formation. This study focused on the potential roles of CHS in the pollen exine formation of wheat. In the present study, a genome-wide investigation of the CHS family was carried out, and 87 CHS genes were identified in wheat. TaCHS3, TaCHS10, and TaCHS13 are wheat orthologs of Arabidopsis LESS ADHESIVE POLLEN (LAP5); TaCHS58, TaCHS64, and TaCHS67 are wheat orthologs of AtLAP6. TaCHS3, TaCHS10, and TaCHS67 showed anther-specific patterns. The expression of TaCHS3, TaCHS10, and TaCHS67 was positively co-expressed with sporopollenin biosynthetic genes, including TaCYP703A2, TaCYP704B1, TaDRL1, TaTKPR2, and TaMS2. Coincidently, the expression of TaCHS3, TaCHS10, and TaCHS67, together with those sporopollenin biosynthetic genes, were repressed at the tetrads and uninucleate stages in the temperature-sensitive genic male-sterile (TGMS) line BS366 under sterile conditions. Wheat anther-specific CHS genes might participate in the exine formation of BS366 through co-expressing with sporopollenin biosynthetic genes, which will undoubtedly provide knowledge of the roles of CHS in wheat pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Liu
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Molecular Genetic Beijing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jianfang Bai
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Molecular Genetic Beijing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Shaohua Yuan
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Molecular Genetic Beijing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Shiqing Gao
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Molecular Genetic Beijing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Molecular Genetic Beijing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Molecular Genetic Beijing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Fengting Zhang
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Molecular Genetic Beijing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Changping Zhao
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Molecular Genetic Beijing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Liping Zhang
- Institute of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Molecular Genetic Beijing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 100097, China.
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3
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de Almeida RF, Arévalo-Rodrigues G, de Morais IL, Cardoso-Gustavson P. Evolution of connective glands reveals a new synapomorphy for Malpighiaceae and the hidden potential of staminal glands for Malpighiales systematics. PhytoKeys 2023; 232:109-131. [PMID: 37746324 PMCID: PMC10517415 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.110162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Connective glands are important morphological characters for the taxonomy of some genera of Malpighiaceae, with few recent studies having just elucidated these glands' anatomical and ecological functions. In order to test the systematic relevance of connective glands to the currently accepted phylogenetic informal clades of Malpighiaceae, we characterised the anatomy and/or histochemistry of two-thirds of Malpighiaceae genera and ten species from nine families of Malpighiales to test: 1. Do connective glands occur in the flowers of all informal clades of Malpighiaceae?; and 2. Are they taxonomically relevant to characterise those clades? We sampled 25 genera and 26 species of Malpighiaceae, processing their anthers using traditional anatomical methods and characterising their glands using light microscopy and SEM imaging. Selected species were subjected to histochemical tests, and an additional 21 genera and 33 species of Malpighiaceae and nine families (ten species) of Malpighiales were included in our sampling from the literature. Three anatomical characters were scored, coded and mapped using Maximum Likelihood methods onto the molecular phylogeny of Malpighiaceae. All sampled species of Malpighiaceae showed connective glands characterised as epidermal or trichomal elaiophores. Our character-mapping analyses recovered connective elaiophores as a new synapomorphy for Malpighiaceae. Different types of epidermal or trichomal elaiophores were recovered as homoplasies for the Christianella and Banisteriopsis clades and the genera Byrsonima, Camarea and Cottsia. Our analyses also recovered the glands' place of insertion in the stamen and the exudate type as potential new synapomorphies or homoplasies for the families of Malpighiales sampled. Our results propose the connective elaiophores as a new synapomorphy for Malpighiaceae and hypothesise the role that different staminal glands might play in the systematics of Malpighiales. Further comprehensive anatomical studies are still needed for the staminal glands of most families of this order to shed new light on the patterns recovered in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Felipe de Almeida
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Quirinópolis, Goiás, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de GoiásQuirinópolisBrazil
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UKRoyal Botanical GardensRichmondUnited Kingdom
| | - Gustavo Arévalo-Rodrigues
- Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilInstituto de Pesquisas AmbientaisSao PauloBrazil
| | - Isa L. de Morais
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Quirinópolis, Goiás, BrazilUniversidade Estadual de GoiásQuirinópolisBrazil
| | - Poliana Cardoso-Gustavson
- Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal do ABCSão PauloBrazil
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Huang X, Sun G, Wu Z, Jiang Y, Li Q, Yi Y, Yan H. Genome-wide identification and expression analyses of the pectate lyase (PL) gene family in Fragaria vesca. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:435. [PMID: 37537572 PMCID: PMC10401794 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pectate lyase (PL, EC 4.2.2.2), as an endo-acting depolymerizing enzyme, cleaves α-1,4-glycosidic linkages in esterified pectin and involves a broad range of cell wall modifications. However, the knowledge concerning the genome-wide analysis of the PL gene family in Fragaria vesca has not been thoroughly elucidated. RESULTS In this study, sixteen PLs members in F. vesca were identified based on a genome-wide investigation. Substantial divergences existed among FvePLs in gene duplication, cis-acting elements, and tissue expression patterns. Four clusters were classified according to phylogenetic analysis. FvePL6, 8 and 13 in cluster II significantly contributed to the significant expansions during evolution by comparing orthologous PL genes from Malus domestica, Solanum lycopersicum, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Fragaria×ananassa. The cis-acting elements implicated in the abscisic acid signaling pathway were abundant in the regions of FvePLs promoters. The RNA-seq data and in situ hybridization revealed that FvePL1, 4, and 7 exhibited maximum expression in fruits at twenty days after pollination, whereas FvePL8 and FvePL13 were preferentially and prominently expressed in mature anthers and pollens. Additionally, the co-expression networks displayed that FvePLs had tight correlations with transcription factors and genes implicated in plant development, abiotic/biotic stresses, ions/Ca2+, and hormones, suggesting the potential roles of FvePLs during strawberry development. Besides, histological observations suggested that FvePL1, 4 and 7 enhanced cell division and expansion of the cortex, thus negatively influencing fruit firmness. Finally, FvePL1-RNAi reduced leaf size, altered petal architectures, disrupted normal pollen development, and rendered partial male sterility. CONCLUSION These results provide valuable information for characterizing the evolution, expansion, expression patterns and functional analysis, which help to understand the molecular mechanisms of the FvePLs in the development of strawberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Guilian Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Zongmin Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Qiaohong Li
- Kiwifruit Breeding and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Science, Chengdu, 610015, China
| | - Yin Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Huiqing Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
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Doll NM, Truskina J, Ingram G. Functional and developmental convergence in the reproductive "nurse cells" of flowering plants. C R Biol 2023; 346:45-54. [PMID: 37254742 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The successful sexual reproduction of flowering plants depends upon double fertilisation, during which pollen grains, produced within the male floral organ (the anther) deliver two sperm cells to the ovule, buried deep within the ovary, triggering the development of the embryo and the surrounding tissues of the seed. Although much attention has been given to pollen and embryo development, less has been focused on the supporting tissues surrounding these organisms as they develop, the tapetum and the endosperm. Intriguingly, despite their very different origins, these tissues appear to have converged functionally and developmentally. Here we will discuss this apparent convergence and its molecular and physiological basis.
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Li S, Hu Y, Yang H, Tian S, Wei D, Tang Q, Yang Y, Wang Z. The Regulatory Roles of MYC TFs in Plant Stamen Development. Plant Sci 2023; 333:111734. [PMID: 37207819 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The stamen, as the male reproductive organ of flowering plants, plays a critical role in completing the life cycle of plants. MYC transcription factors are members of the bHLH IIIE subgroup and participate in a number of plant biological processes. In recent decades, a number of studies have confirmed that MYC transcription factors actively participate in the regulation of stamen development and have a critical impact on plant fertility. In this review, we summarized how MYC transcription factors play a role in regulating secondary thickening of the anther endothecium, the development and degradation of the tapetum, stomatal differentiation, and the dehydration of the anther epidermis. With regard to anther physiological metabolism, MYC transcription factors control dehydrin synthesis, ion and water transport, and carbohydrate metabolism to influence pollen viability. Additionally, MYCs participate in the JA signal transduction pathway, where they directly or indirectly control the development of stamens through the ET-JA, GA-JA, and ABA-JA pathways. By identifying the functions of MYCs during plant stamen development, it will help us to obtain a more comprehensive understanding not only on the molecular functions of this TF family but also the mechanisms underlying stamen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Yao Hu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Huiqing Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Shibing Tian
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 400055, China.
| | - Dayong Wei
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Qinglin Tang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 400055, China.
| | - Zhimin Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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7
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Truskina J, Boeuf S, Renard J, Andersen TG, Geldner N, Ingram G. Anther development in Arabidopsis thaliana involves symplastic isolation and apoplastic gating of the tapetum-middle layer interface. Development 2022; 149:281769. [PMID: 36305487 PMCID: PMC10114112 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
During flowering plant reproduction, anthers produce pollen grains, the development of which is supported by the tapetum, a nourishing maternal tissue that also contributes non-cell-autonomously to the pollen wall, the resistant external layer on the pollen surface. How the anther restricts movement of the tapetum-derived pollen wall components, while allowing metabolites such as sugars and amino acids to reach the developing pollen, remains unknown. Here, we show experimentally that in arabidopsis thaliana the tapetum and developing pollen are symplastically isolated from each other, and from other sporophytic tissues, from meiosis onwards. We show that the peritapetal strip, an apoplastic structure, separates the tapetum and the pollen grains from other anther cell layers and can prevent the apoplastic diffusion of fluorescent proteins, again from meiosis onwards. The formation and selective barrier functions of the peritapetal strip require two NADPH oxidases, RBOHE and RBOHC, which play a key role in pollen formation. Our results suggest that, together with symplastic isolation, gating of the apoplast around the tapetum may help generate metabolically distinct anther compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jekaterina Truskina
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, UCBL, F-69342 Lyon, France.,Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sophy Boeuf
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, UCBL, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Joan Renard
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, UCBL, F-69342 Lyon, France.,Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Camino de Vera, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Tonni Grube Andersen
- Department for Plant-microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Niko Geldner
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gwyneth Ingram
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, UCBL, F-69342 Lyon, France
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Hu M, Li Y, Zhang X, Song W, Jin W, Huang W, Zhao H. Maize sterility gene DRP1 encodes a desiccation-related protein that is critical for Ubisch bodies and pollen exine development. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:6800-6815. [PMID: 35922377 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Desiccation tolerance is a remarkable feature of pollen, seeds, and resurrection-type plants. Exposure to desiccation stress can cause sporophytic defects, resulting in male sterility. Here, we report the novel maize sterility gene DRP1 (Desiccation-Related Protein 1), which was identified by bulked-segregant analysis sequencing and encodes a desiccation-related protein. Loss of function of DRP1 results in abnormal Ubisch bodies, defective tectum of the pollen exine, and complete male sterility. Our results suggest that DRP1 may facilitate anther dehydration to maintain appropriate water status. DRP1 is a secretory protein that is specifically expressed in the tapetum and microspore from the tetrad to the uninucleate microspore stage. Differentially expressed genes in drp1 are enriched in Gene Ontology terms for pollen exine formation, polysaccharide catabolic process, extracellular region, and response to heat. In addition, DRP1 is a target of selection that appears to have played an important role in the spread of maize from tropical/subtropical to temperate regions. Taken together, our results suggest that DRP1 encodes a desiccation-related protein whose loss of function causes male sterility. Our findings provide a potential genetic resource that may be used to design crops for heterosis utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weibin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy & Resources and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and National Maize Improvement Center, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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9
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Basso-Alves JP, Goldenberg R, Teixeira SP. Connective modifications and origin of stamen diversity in Melastomataceae. J Plant Res 2022; 135:659-680. [PMID: 35802292 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The androecium of Melastomataceae presents notable modifications in its merosity, morphology between whorls and in prolonged connectives and appendages. We carried out a comparative study of six Melastomataceae species to shed light on the developmental processes that originate such stamen diversity. The development of stamens was studied using scanning electron microscopy and histological observations. The stamens of all species studied have a curved shape because they emerge on a plane displaced by the perigynous hypanthium. They are the last flower organs to initiate and therefore their growth is inwards and towards the floral center. Despite the temporal inversion between carpels and stamens in Melastomataceae, the androecium maintains the centripetal pattern of development, the antepetalous stamens emerging after antesepalous stamens. The isomerous androecium can be the result of abortion of the antepetalous stamens, whereas heterostemony seems to be caused by differences in position and the stamen development time. Pedoconnectives and ventral appendages originate from the basal expansion of the anther late in floral development. The delay in stamen development may be a consequence of their dependence on the formation of a previous space so that they can grow. Most of the stamen diversity is explained by the formation of the connectives and their appendages. The formation of a basal-ventral anther prolongation, which culminates in the development of the pedoconnective, does not differ from other types of sectorial growth of the connective, which form shorter structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Basso-Alves
- Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
- Diretoria de Pesquisa Científica, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Renato Goldenberg
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro Politécnico, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Caixa Postal 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Simone Pádua Teixeira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
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10
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Koizumi K, Komiya R. 3D Imaging and In Situ Hybridization for Uncovering the Functions of MicroRNA in Rice Anther. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2509:93-104. [PMID: 35796959 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2380-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Small RNAs specifically expressed in reproductive tissues are key regulators of germline development in eukaryotes. Rice microRNA2118 (miR2118), which is enriched during reproduction in grasses, is a trigger to produce phased small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs). These phasiRNAs demonstrate the temporal regulation with premeiotic phasiRNAs and meiotic phasiRNAs in anther development. Furthermore, the site-specific regulation via miR2118 and phasiRNAs is of importance in soma and germ development in anthers. Accordingly, histological imaging methods are essential tools for understanding spatiotemporal regulation during reproduction and elucidating the reproductive roles of miRNAs and phasiRNAs. We successfully developed a method to visualize the three-dimensional (3D) structure of entire rice anthers, which can also be used for distinguishing the internal structure of the anthers in other plants. Here, we describe the detailed methods of in situ hybridization for miR2118 localization and the visualization of the 3D structure of entire anthers of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Koizumi
- Scientific Imaging Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa, Japan
| | - Reina Komiya
- Science and Technology Group, OIST, Okinawa, Japan. .,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, Japan.
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11
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Hamdan MF, Lung SC, Guo ZH, Chye ML. Roles of acyl-CoA-binding proteins in plant reproduction. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:2918-2936. [PMID: 35560189 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) constitute a well-conserved family of proteins in eukaryotes that are important in stress responses and development. Past studies have shown that ACBPs are involved in maintaining, transporting and protecting acyl-CoA esters during lipid biosynthesis in plants, mammals, and yeast. ACBPs show differential expression and various binding affinities for acyl-CoA esters. Hence, ACBPs can play a crucial part in maintaining lipid homeostasis. This review summarizes the functions of ACBPs during the stages of reproduction in plants and other organisms. A comprehensive understanding on the roles of ACBPs during plant reproduction may lead to opportunities in crop improvement in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Fadhli Hamdan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shiu-Cheung Lung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ze-Hua Guo
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Zhao ML, Zhou ZF, Chen MS, Xu CJ, Xu ZF. An ortholog of the MADS-box gene SEPALLATA3 regulates stamen development in the woody plant Jatropha curcas. Planta 2022; 255:111. [PMID: 35478059 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of JcSEP3 causes defective stamen development in Jatropha curcas, in which brassinosteroid and gibberellin signaling pathways may be involved. SEPALLATAs (SEPs), the class E genes of the ABCE model, are required for floral organ determination. In this study, we investigated the role of the JcSEP3 gene in floral organ development in the woody plant Jatropha curcas. Transgenic Jatropha plants overexpressing JcSEP3 displayed abnormal phenotypes such as deficient anthers and pollen, as well as free stamen filaments, whereas JcSEP3-RNA interference (RNAi) transgenic plants had no obvious phenotypic changes, suggesting that JcSEP3 is redundant with other JcSEP genes in Jatropha. Moreover, we compared the transcriptomes of wild-type plants, JcSEP3-overexpressing, and JcSEP3-RNAi transgenic plants. In the JcSEP3-overexpressing transgenic plants, we discovered 25 upregulated genes involved in anther and pollen development, as well as 12 induced genes in brassinosteroid (BR) and gibberellin (GA) signaling pathways. These results suggest that JcSEP3 directly or indirectly regulates stamen development, concomitant with the regulation of BR and GA signaling pathways. Our findings help to understand the roles of SEP genes in stamen development in perennial woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Li Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.
| | - Chuan-Jia Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
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Liu J, Zhou Y, Wang L, Zhang Q, Shen Y, Jiang W, Chen X, He H, Hu L. Cytological Analysis and Fine Mapping of paa1 (Post-meiosis Abnormal Anther 1) Mutant with Abnormal Tapetum and Microspore Development. Biochem Genet 2022; 60:2268-2285. [PMID: 35325440 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To further understand the molecular mechanism for rice male reproduction, a rice male sterile mutant paa1 was screened from the rice mutant library generated by treatment with 60Coγ-rays. Genetic analysis revealed that paa1 is controlled by a single- recessive nuclear gene, and the anthers of the paa1 mutant were smaller than those of WT plants with a white color. Histological analysis demonstrated that the anthers of the paa1 mutant began to turn abnormal at the microspore stage after meiosis, with abnormal degradation of tapetum, deformed Ubisch bodies, and defective pollen exine. TUNEL assay results also confirmed the delay of tapetum PCD in paa1. Map-based cloning was performed for the PAA1 location. As a result, PAA1 was located in a 88-kb region at the end of chromosome 10, which comprises a total of seven candidate genes, and no genes related to anther development have been reported in this region. The results indicate that PAA1 is an essential gene in regulating tapetum development and pollen/microspore formation after rice meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.,College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Lianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Qiuyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yaqi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Wenxiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Haohua He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Lifang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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Cortez PA, Dos Santos Silva LNN, de Ornellas Paschoalini G, Albuquerque-Pinna J, Sibinelli V, Melo-de-Pinna GFDA. Light and electron microscopies reveal unknown details of the pollen grain structure and physiology from Brazilian Cerrado species. Protoplasma 2022; 259:399-412. [PMID: 34145472 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pollen grains have a relatively simple structure and microscopic size, with two or three cells surrounded by the protective sporoderm at maturity. The viability and efficiency of pollen transport from anther to stigma depends on pollen physiological properties, especially the relative water content of the vegetative cell. Pollen transport is a crucial fate for most angiosperms that depends on biotic pollinators and studies focusing on understanding the morpho-physiological properties of pollen grains are still scarce, especially to tropical open physiognomies as the Brazilian Cerrado. Therefore, we investigate some structural and physiological aspects of pollen grains from six native species naturally growing in one Cerrado area: Campomanesia pubescens (Myrtaceae), Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae), Erythroxylum campestre (Erythroxylaceae), Lippia lupulina (Verbenaceae), Pyrostegia venusta (Bignoniaceae), and Xylopia aromatica (Annonaceae). We selected dehiscent anthers and mature pollen grains to analyze (1) the anther wall and pollen microstructure, (2) the pollen water status at the time of anther dehiscence, and (3) the pollen chemical compounds. In all analyzed species, the anther and pollen developed in a successfully way, and except for Caryocar brasiliense, all species were able to emit pollen tubes in the germination tests. As expected for a dry and open environment, most species dispersed their pollen grains in a partially dehydrated form, as indicated by our harmomegathy experiment. As indicated by our study, the pollen ability in preventing dissection, maintaining its viability in a dry and hot environment during its transport from anther to stigma, may be related to the sporoderm apertures and to the reserve compounds, mainly carbohydrates in the form of hydrolysable starch grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Andressa Cortez
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, São Paulo-SP, 05508-090, Brazil.
- Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, São Paulo-SP, 04023-062, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Julia Albuquerque-Pinna
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, São Paulo-SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Victor Sibinelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, São Paulo-SP, 05508-090, Brazil
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15
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Suwińska A, Wasąg P, Bednarska-Kozakiewicz E, Lenartowska M, Lenartowski R. Calreticulin expression and localization in relation to exchangeable Ca 2+ during pollen development in Petunia. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:24. [PMID: 34998378 PMCID: PMC8742381 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pollen development in the anther in angiosperms depends on complicated cellular interactions associated with the expression of gametophytic and sporophytic genes which control fundamental processes during microsporo/gametogenesis, such as exo/endocytosis, intracellular transport, cell signaling, chromatin remodeling, and cell division. Most if not all of these cellular processes depend of local concentration of calcium ions (Ca2+). Work from our laboratory and others provide evidence that calreticulin (CRT), a prominent Ca2+-binding/buffering protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of eukaryotic cells, may be involved in pollen formation and function. Here, we show for the first time the expression pattern of the PhCRT1 gene and CRT accumulation in relation to exchangeable Ca2+ in Petunia hybrida developing anther, and discuss probable roles for this protein in the male gametophyte development. RESULTS Using northern hybridization, western blot analysis, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), immunocytochemistry, and potassium antimonate precipitation, we report that PhCRT1 is highly expressed in the anther and localization pattern of the CRT protein correlates with loosely bound (exchangeable) Ca2+ during the successive stages of microsporo/gametogenesis. We confirmed a permanent presence of both CRT and exchangeable Ca2+ in the germ line and tapetal cells, where these factors preferentially localized to the ER which is known to be the most effective intracellular Ca2+ store in eukaryotic cells. In addition, our immunoblots revealed a gradual increase in CRT level from the microsporocyte stage through the meiosis and the highest CRT level at the microspore stage, when both microspores and tapetal cells show extremely high secretory activity correlated with the biogenesis of the sporoderm. CONCLUSION Our present data provide support for a key role of CRT in developing anther of angiosperms - regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis during pollen grains formation. This Ca2+-buffering chaperone seems to be essential for pollen development and maturation since a high rate of protein synthesis and protein folding within the ER as well as intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis are strictly required during the multi-step process of pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Suwińska
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Piotr Wasąg
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Bednarska-Kozakiewicz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Marta Lenartowska
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Robert Lenartowski
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.
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Yamamori K, Ogasawara K, Ishiguro S, Koide Y, Takamure I, Fujino K, Sato Y, Kishima Y. Revision of the relationship between anther morphology and pollen sterility by cold stress at the booting stage in rice. Ann Bot 2021; 128:559-575. [PMID: 34232290 PMCID: PMC8422894 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cold stress in rice (Oryza sativa) plants at the reproductive stage prevents normal anther development and causes pollen sterility. Tapetum hypertrophy in anthers has been associated with pollen sterility in response to cold at the booting stage. Here, we re-examined whether the relationships between anther abnormality and pollen sterility caused by cold stress at the booting stage in rice can be explained by a monovalent factor such as tapetum hypertrophy. METHODS After exposing plants to a 4-d cold treatment at the booting stage, we collected and processed anthers for transverse sectioning immediately and at the flowering stage. We anatomically evaluated the effect of cold treatment on anther internal morphologies, pollen fertilities and pollen numbers in the 13 cultivars with various cold sensitivities. KEY RESULTS We observed four types of morphological anther abnormalities at each stage. Pollen sterility was positively correlated with the frequency of undeveloped locules, but not with tapetum hypertrophy as commonly believed. In cold-sensitive cultivars grown at low temperatures, pollen sterility was more frequent than anther morphological abnormalities, and some lines showed remarkably high pollen sterility without any anther morphological alterations. Most morphological anomalies occurred only in specific areas within large and small locules. Anther length tended to shorten in response to cold treatment and was positively correlated with pollen number. One cultivar showed a considerably reduced pollen number, but fertile pollen grains under cold stress. We propose three possible relationships to explain anther structure and pollen sterility and reduction due to cold stress. CONCLUSIONS The pollen sterility caused by cold stress at the booting stage was correlated with the frequency of entire locule-related abnormalities, which might represent a phenotypic consequence, but not a direct cause of pollen abortion. Multivalent factors might underlie the complicated relationships between anther abnormality and pollen sterility in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yamamori
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kei Ogasawara
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Seiya Ishiguro
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yohei Koide
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Itsuro Takamure
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kaien Fujino
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sato
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuji Kishima
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- For correspondence. E-mail
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17
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Arockiasamy S, Patil M, Yepuri V, Shrivastava V, Madan N, Hadole S, Sarkar P. Anther Culture in Jatropha curcas L.: A Tree Species. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2289:221-33. [PMID: 34270073 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1331-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The obstacles to breeding programs in Jatropha are the long reproductive cycle with a juvenile phase that lasts several months, the highly heterozygous nature of the genome, the large canopy size, and self-incompatibility that is a long-term process which requires multiple cycles of self-pollination to achieve complete homozygosity. In vitro plant tissue culture-based tools such as haploids and doubled haploid techniques can increase the selection efficiency, resulting into selection of superior plants with complete homozygosity in one generation. It bypasses the complications of greenhouse field evaluation or off-season generation advancement, which takes about 8-10 generations in traditional breeding with the time line of 10-12 years. The haploids have in fact a single set of chromosomes, which undergoes duplication spontaneously during in vitro culture conditions, and are further converted into doubled haploid plants. This represents a major biotechnological tool to accelerate plant breeding. Here, we have established a reproducible, unique anther culture protocol in Jatropha curcas to develop haploid and doubled haploid plants.
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18
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Browne RG, Li SF, Iacuone S, Dolferus R, Parish RW. Differential responses of anthers of stress tolerant and sensitive wheat cultivars to high temperature stress. Planta 2021; 254:4. [PMID: 34131818 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptomic analyses identified anther-expressed genes in wheat likely to contribute to heat tolerance and hence provide useful genetic markers. The genes included those involved in hormone biosynthesis, signal transduction, the heat shock response and anther development. Pollen development is particularly sensitive to high temperature heat stress. In wheat, heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive cultivars have been identified, although the underlying genetic causes for these differences are largely unknown. The effects of heat stress on the developing anthers of two heat-tolerant and two heat-sensitive wheat cultivars were examined in this study. Heat stress (35 °C) was found to disrupt pollen development in the two heat-sensitive wheat cultivars but had no visible effect on pollen or anther development in the two heat-tolerant cultivars. The sensitive anthers exhibited a range of developmental abnormalities including an increase in unfilled and clumped pollen grains, abnormal pollen walls and a decrease in pollen viability. This subsequently led to a greater reduction in grain yield in the sensitive cultivars following heat stress. Transcriptomic analyses of heat-stressed developing wheat anthers of the four cultivars identified a number of key genes which may contribute to heat stress tolerance during pollen development. Orthologs of some of these genes in Arabidopsis and rice are involved in regulation of the heat stress response and the synthesis of auxin, ethylene and gibberellin. These genes constitute candidate molecular markers for the breeding of heat-tolerant wheat lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Browne
- AgriBio, Centre for Agribioscience, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Song F Li
- AgriBio, Centre for Agribioscience, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Sylvana Iacuone
- AgriBio, Centre for Agribioscience, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Polytechnic, Epping, VIC, Australia
| | - Rudy Dolferus
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Roger W Parish
- AgriBio, Centre for Agribioscience, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
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19
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Rossig C, Le Lievre L, Pilkington SM, Brownfield L. A simple and rapid method for imaging male meiotic cells in anthers of model and non-model plant species. Plant Reprod 2021; 34:37-46. [PMID: 33599868 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-021-00404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We describe a simple method to view meiotic cells in whole anthers from a range of plants. The method retains spatial organisation and enables simultaneous analysis of many meiotic cells. Understanding the process of male meiosis in flowering plants, and the role of genes involved in this process, offers potential for plant breeding, such as through increasing the level of genetic variation or the manipulation of ploidy levels in the gametes. A key to the characterisation of meiotic gene function and meiosis in non-model crop plants, is the analysis of cells undergoing meiosis, a task made difficult by the inaccessible nature of these cells. Here, we describe a simple and rapid method to analyse plant male meiosis in intact anthers in a range of plant species. This method allows analysis of numerous cells undergoing meiosis and, as meiotic cells stay within the anther, it retains information of the three-dimensional organisation and the location of organelles in meiotic cells. We show that the technique provides information on male meiosis by looking at the synchrony of meiotic progression between and within locules, and comparing wildtype and mutant plants through the chromosome separation stages in Arabidopsis thaliana. Additionally, we demonstrate that the protocol can be adopted to other plants with different floral morphology using Medicago truncatula as an example with small floral buds and the non-model plant kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) with larger buds and anthers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rossig
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Liam Le Lievre
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah M Pilkington
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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20
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Jeong J, Park S, Im JH, Yi H. Genome-wide identification of GH3 genes in Brassica oleracea and identification of a promoter region for anther-specific expression of a GH3 gene. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:22. [PMID: 33407107 PMCID: PMC7789250 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Gretchen Hagen 3 (GH3) genes encode acyl acid amido synthetases, many of which have been shown to modulate the amount of active plant hormones or their precursors. GH3 genes, especially Group III subgroup 6 GH3 genes, and their expression patterns in economically important B. oleracea var. oleracea have not been systematically identified. Results As a first step to understand regulation and molecular functions of Group III subgroup 6 GH3 genes, 34 GH3 genes including four subgroup 6 genes were identified in B. oleracea var. oleracea. Synteny found around subgroup 6 GH3 genes in B. oleracea var. oleracea and Arabidopsis thaliana indicated that these genes are evolutionarily related. Although expression of four subgroup 6 GH3 genes in B. oleracea var. oleracea is not induced by auxin, gibberellic acid, or jasmonic acid, the genes show different organ-dependent expression patterns. Among subgroup 6 GH3 genes in B. oleracea var. oleracea, only BoGH3.13–1 is expressed in anthers when microspores, polarized microspores, and bicellular pollens are present, similar to two out of four syntenic A. thaliana subgroup 6 GH3 genes. Detailed analyses of promoter activities further showed that BoGH3.13–1 is expressed in tapetal cells and pollens in anther, and also expressed in leaf primordia and floral abscission zones. Conclusions Sixty-two base pairs (bp) region (− 340 ~ − 279 bp upstream from start codon) and about 450 bp region (− 1489 to − 1017 bp) in BoGH3.13–1 promoter are important for expressions in anther and expressions in leaf primordia and floral abscission zones, respectively. The identified anther-specific promoter region can be used to develop male sterile transgenic Brassica plants. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07345-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiseong Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hui Im
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hankuil Yi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Ortolan F, Fonini LS, Pastori T, Mariath JEA, Saibo NJM, Margis-Pinheiro M, Lazzarotto F. Tightly controlled expression of OsbHLH35 is critical for anther development in rice. Plant Sci 2021; 302:110716. [PMID: 33288022 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Anther development is a complex process regulated by a myriad of transcription factors belonging to distinct protein families. In this study, we focus on the functional characterization of OsbHLH35, a basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) TF that regulates anther development in rice. Plants overexpressing OsbHLH35 presented small and curved anthers, leading to a reduction of 72 % on seed production. Rice transgenic plants expressing GUS reporter gene under the control of OsbHLH35 promoter (pOsbHLH35::GUS) showed that this TF specifically accumulates in anthers at the meiosis stage and in other spikelet tissues. Yeast one-hybrid screening identified three members of the Growth-Regulating Factor (GRF) family, OsGRF3, OsGRF4, and OsGRF11, as transcriptional regulators of OsbHLH35. Transactivation assay showed that OsGRF11 negatively regulates OsbHLH35 expression in Arabidopsis protoplasts. This regulation was also observed in planta through the analysis of transgenic plants overexpressing OsGRF11 (OsGRF11OE), confirming that OsGRF11 is a negative regulator of OsbHLH35 in rice. Our data suggest that OsbHLH35 plays an essential role in anther development in rice and the fine control of its expression is crucial to ensure proper seed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francieli Ortolan
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91509-900, RS, Brazil.
| | - Leila S Fonini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91509-900, RS, Brazil.
| | - Tamara Pastori
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91509-900, RS, Brazil.
| | - Jorge E A Mariath
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91509-900, RS, Brazil.
| | - Nelson J M Saibo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Márcia Margis-Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91509-900, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91509-900, RS, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Lazzarotto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91509-900, RS, Brazil.
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Lin Y, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Liu H, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Fu Y, Wu J, Ge Y, Zhang W, Zhou S. Comparative analysis and functional identification of temperature-sensitive miRNA in Arabidopsis anthers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 532:1-10. [PMID: 32826059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The anther is one of the most vulnerable organs to temperature stress. Many previous works focused on the genes regulating anthers development, but few results of miRNA in anther development were reported. In order to investigate the transcriptional regulation of temperature-sensitive anther development, RNA-Sequencing was used to study micRNA in anthers of Arabidopsis thaliana under 16 °C and 27 °C. A total of 46.26 million clean reads were generated and mapped to 715,748 small RNA sequences containing 281 miRNAs. Then 13 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs, containing 3 novel miRNAs were found. Comprehensive analysis of miRNA expression showed 7 miRNAs were down-regulated and 6 miRNAs were up-regulated. Furthermore, 13 DE miRNAs putatively regulated 614 DE mRNAs. Among them, 20 important anther genes were predicted as target genes of MIR319A, MIR447A, MIR447B and MIR398B, respectively. Over-expression MIR319A and MIR447A could effectively inhibit the transcription of target genes and lead to male sterile. It suggested that DE miRNAs might mediate temperature signals and regulate anther and pollen development. Our work will provide a broader idea and valuable data information for further understanding the mechanism of thermo-sensitive male fertility in plants.
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Ye J, Yang X, Yang Z, Niu F, Chen Y, Zhang L, Song X. Comprehensive analysis of polygalacturonase gene family highlights candidate genes related to pollen development and male fertility in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Planta 2020; 252:31. [PMID: 32740680 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Four polygalacturonase gene family members were highlighted that contribute to elucidate the roles of polygalacturonase during the fertility conversion process in male-sterile wheat. Polygalacturonase (PG) belongs to a large family of hydrolases with important functions in cell separation during plant growth and development via the degradation of pectin. Specific expressed PGs in anthers may be significant for male sterility research and hybrid wheat breeding, but they have not been characterized in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, we systematically studied the PG gene family using the latest published wheat reference genomic information. In total, 113 wheat PG genes were identified, which could be classified into six categories A-F according to their structure characteristics and phylogenetic comparisons with Arabidopsis and rice. Polyploidy and segmental duplications in wheat were proved to be mainly responsible for the expansion of the wheat PG gene family. RNA-seq showed that TaPGs have specific temporal and spatial expression characteristics, in which 12 TaPGs with spike-specific expression patterns were detected by qRT-PCR in different fertility anthers of KTM3315A, a thermo-sensitive cytoplasmic male-sterile wheat. Four of them specific upregulated (TaPG09, TaPG95, and TaPG93) or downregulated (TaPG87) at trinucleate stage of fertile anthers, and further aligning with the homologous in Arabidopsis revealed that they may undertake functions such as anther dehiscence, separation of pollen, pollen development, and pollen tube elongation, thereby inducing male fertility conversion in KTM3315A. These findings facilitate function investigations of the wheat PG gene family and provide new insights into the fertility conversion mechanism in male-sterile wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Ye
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuetong Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiquan Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fuqiang Niu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanru Chen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiyue Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Fernández-Gómez J, Talle B, Tidy AC, Wilson ZA. Accurate staging of reproduction development in Cadenza wheat by non-destructive spike analysis. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:3475-3484. [PMID: 32255487 PMCID: PMC7307855 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important crops in the world; however, loss of genetic variability and abiotic stress caused by variable climatic conditions threaten future productivity. Reproduction is critical for wheat yield; however, pollen development is amongst the developmental stages most sensitive to stresses such as heat, cold, or drought. A better understanding of how anther and pollen development is regulated is needed to help produce more resilient crops and ensure future yield increases. However, in cereals such as wheat, barley, and rice, flowers form within the developing pseudostem and therefore accurate staging of floral materials is extremely challenging. This makes detailed phenotypic and molecular analysis of floral development very difficult, particularly when limited plant material is available, for example with mutant or transgenic lines. Here we present an accurate approach to overcome this problem, by non-destructive staging of reproduction development in Cadenza, the widely used spring wheat research variety. This uses a double-scale system whereby anther and pollen development can be predicted in relation to spike size and spike position within the pseudostem. This system provides an easy, reproducible method that facilitates accurate sampling and analysis of floral materials, to enable anther and pollen developmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Fernández-Gómez
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
- Correspondence: or
| | - Behzad Talle
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Alison C Tidy
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Zoe A Wilson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
- Correspondence: or
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Zhang C, Feng X, Hu M, Zhang Z. How to Study the Proteomes and Phosphoproteomes of Anther and Pollen. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2061:259-265. [PMID: 31583665 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9818-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics analysis was a powerful technology for characterizing proteins and protein posttranslational modification (PTMs). Recently, many anther and pollen-related proteomic analyses have been reported, which have expanded our understanding of anther and pollen development and regulation. In this chapter, we describe a detailed, optimized protocol for the separation, digestion, tagging, and subsequent mass spectrometry-based identification and quantification of proteins and phosphoproteins from anther and pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaobing Feng
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Menghui Hu
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Zaibao Zhang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China.
- Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang, Henan, China.
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26
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Tan C, Liu H, Ren J, Ye X, Feng H, Liu Z. Single-molecule real-time sequencing facilitates the analysis of transcripts and splice isoforms of anthers in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:517. [PMID: 31771515 PMCID: PMC6880451 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anther development has been extensively studied at the transcriptional level, but a systematic analysis of full-length transcripts on a genome-wide scale has not yet been published. Here, the Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) Sequel platform and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology were combined to generate full-length sequences and completed structures of transcripts in anthers of Chinese cabbage. RESULTS Using single-molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT), a total of 1,098,119 circular consensus sequences (CCSs) were generated with a mean length of 2664 bp. More than 75% of the CCSs were considered full-length non-chimeric (FLNC) reads. After error correction, 725,731 high-quality FLNC reads were estimated to carry 51,501 isoforms from 19,503 loci, consisting of 38,992 novel isoforms from known genes and 3691 novel isoforms from novel genes. Of the novel isoforms, we identified 407 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 37,549 open reading frames (ORFs). Furthermore, a total of 453,270 alternative splicing (AS) events were identified and the majority of AS models in anther were determined to be approximate exon skipping (XSKIP) events. Of the key genes regulated during anther development, AS events were mainly identified in the genes SERK1, CALS5, NEF1, and CESA1/3. Additionally, we identified 104 fusion transcripts and 5806 genes that had alternative polyadenylation (APA). CONCLUSIONS Our work demonstrated the transcriptome diversity and complexity of anther development in Chinese cabbage. The findings provide a basis for further genome annotation and transcriptome research in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Tan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ren
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueling Ye
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China.
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Dhaka N, Sharma S, Vashisht I, Kandpal M, Sharma MK, Sharma R. Small RNA profiling from meiotic and post-meiotic anthers reveals prospective miRNA-target modules for engineering male fertility in sorghum. Genomics 2019; 112:1598-1610. [PMID: 31521711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding male gametophyte development is essential to augment hybrid production in sorghum. Although small RNAs are known to critically influence anther/pollen development, their roles in sorghum reproduction have not been deciphered yet. Here, we report small RNA profiling and high-confidence annotation of microRNAs (miRNAs) from meiotic and post-meiotic anthers in sorghum. We identified 262 miRNAs (82 known and 180 novel), out of which 58 (35 known and 23 novel) exhibited differential expression between two stages. Out of 35 differentially expressed known miRNAs, 13 are known to regulate anther/pollen development in other plant species. We also demonstrated conserved spatiotemporal patterns of 21- and 24-nt phasiRNAs and their respective triggers, miR2118 and miR2275, in sorghum anthers as evidenced in other monocots. miRNA target identification yielded 5622 modules, of which 46 modules comprising 16 known and 8 novel miRNA families with 38 target genes are prospective candidates for engineering male fertility in grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Dhaka
- Crop Genetics & Informatics Group, School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shalini Sharma
- Crop Genetics & Informatics Group, School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ira Vashisht
- Crop Genetics & Informatics Group, School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Manu Kandpal
- Crop Genetics & Informatics Group, School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Sharma
- Crop Genetics & Informatics Group, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rita Sharma
- Crop Genetics & Informatics Group, School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Paupière MJ, Tikunov YM, Firon N, de Vos RCH, Maliepaard C, Visser RGF, Bovy AG. The effect of isolation methods of tomato pollen on the results of metabolic profiling. Metabolomics 2019; 15:11. [PMID: 30830456 PMCID: PMC6326007 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Untargeted metabolomics is a powerful tool to detect hundreds of metabolites within a given tissue and to compare the metabolite composition of samples in a comprehensive manner. However, with regard to pollen research such comprehensive metabolomics approaches are yet not well developed. To enable isolation of pollen that is tightly enclosed within the anthers of the flower, such as immature pollen, the current pollen isolation protocols require the use of a watery solution. These protocols raise a number of concerns for their suitability in metabolomics analyses, in view of possible metabolic activities in the pollen and contamination with anther metabolites. OBJECTIVES We assessed the effect of different sample preparation procedures currently used for pollen isolation for their suitability to perform metabolomics of tomato pollen. METHODS Pollen were isolated using different methods and the metabolic profiles were analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). RESULTS Our results demonstrated that pollen isolation in a watery solution led to (i) rehydration of the pollen grains, inducing marked metabolic changes in flavonoids, phenylpropanoids and amino acids and thus resulting in a metabolite profile that did not reflect the one of mature dry pollen, (ii) hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose during subsequent metabolite extraction, unless the isolated and rehydrated pollen were lyophilized prior to extraction, and (iii) contamination with anther-specific metabolites, such as alkaloids, thus compromising the metabolic purity of the pollen fraction. CONCLUSION We conclude that the current practices used to isolate pollen are suboptimal for metabolomics analyses and provide recommendations on how to improve the pollen isolation protocol, in order to obtain the most reliable metabolic profile from pollen tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine J Paupière
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yury M Tikunov
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nurit Firon
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Ric C H de Vos
- Bioscience, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Maliepaard
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G F Visser
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnaud G Bovy
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
This review focuses on the current knowledge of transcription factors involved in Arabidopsis anther development. Anther development is a multistage process and controlled by a complex network of transcription factors acting in spatio/temporal manner. Molecular understanding of anther developmental pathway is critical from the perspective of controlling male fertility and hybrid generation. Generation of hybrid lines relies upon the effective mechanisms of controlling the process of pollen development and pollen release. Controlling any developmental program requires a good knowledge of regulatory pathways governing that developmental program. In a regulatory pathway, transcription factors represent an important link between the developmental program and response of genes to growth regulators and environmental signals. Therefore, identifying the entire cohort of anther specific transcription factors is an essential step towards the molecular understanding of regulatory networks involved in pollen formation and pollen release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Verma
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India.
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Tang H, Song Y, Guo J, Wang J, Zhang L, Niu N, Ma S, Zhang G, Zhao H. Physiological and metabolome changes during anther development in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 132:18-32. [PMID: 30172190 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
This study used cytology, cytochemistry, and non-targeted metabolomics to investigate the distribution characteristic of polysaccharides, lipids, and all the metabolites present during five wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) anther developmental stages to provide insights into wheat anther development. Anthers were collected from the tetrad through trinucleate stages, and 1.5% (w/v) acetocarmine and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining were used to confirm the developmental stage and visualize the nuclei, respectively. Polysaccharides and lipids were detected by staining with periodic acid-Schiff and Sudan Black B, respectively. The integrated optical density of the tapetum and microspores were calculated using IPP6.0 software. Furthermore, the metabolites were identified by gas chromatograph system coupled with a Pegasus HT time-of-flight mass spectrometer (GC-TOF-MS). The results indicated that the interior and exterior surface cells of anthers are orderly. Pollen was rich in numerous nutrient substances (e.g., lipids, insoluble carbohydrates, and others), and formed a normal sperm cell that contained three nuclei, i.e., one vegetative nuclei and two reproductive nuclei in the mature pollen. Semi-thin sectioning indicated that the tapetum cells degraded progressively from the tetrad to late uninucleate stage and disappeared from the bi-to trinucleate stages. Moreover, nutrient substances (lipids and insoluble carbohydrates) accumulated, were synthesized in the pollen, and gradually increased from the tetrad to trinucleate stages. Finally, the metabolomics results identified that 146 metabolites were present throughout the wheat anther developmental stages. Principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and metabolite-metabolite correlation revealed distinct dynamic changes in metabolites. The metabolism of organic acids, amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, amines, polyols, and nucleotides were interrelated and involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glycolysis. Furthermore, their interactions were revealed using an integrated metabolic map, which indicated that the TCA cycle and glycolysis were very active during anther development to provide the required energy for anther and pollen development. Our study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of substance metabolism in wheat anthers and can be used for possible application by metabolic engineers for the improvement of cell characteristics or creating new compounds and molecular breeders in improving pollen fertility or creating the ideal male sterile line, to improve wheat yield per unit area to address global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Tang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Center, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yulong Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Center, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Jialin Guo
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Center, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Junwei Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Center, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Center, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Na Niu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Center, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shoucai Ma
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Center, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Gaisheng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center, Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Center, Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Huiyan Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Chang Z, Jin M, Yan W, Chen H, Qiu S, Fu S, Xia J, Liu Y, Chen Z, Wu J, Tang X. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter OsABCG3 is essential for pollen development in rice. Rice (N Y) 2018; 11:58. [PMID: 30311098 PMCID: PMC6181869 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-018-0248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pollen wall, which protects male gametophyte against various stresses and facilitates pollination, is essential for successful reproduction in flowering plants. The pollen wall consists of gametophyte-derived intine and sporophyte-derived exine. From outside to inside of exine are tectum, bacula, nexine I and nexine II layers. How these structural layers are formed has been under extensive studies, but the molecular mechanisms remain obscure. RESULTS Here we identified two osabcg3 allelic mutants and demonstrated that OsABCG3 was required for pollen development in rice. OsABCG3 encodes a half-size ABCG transporter localized on the plasma membrane. It was mainly expressed in anther when exine started to form. Loss-function of OsABCG3 caused abnormal degradation of the tapetum. The mutant pollen lacked the nexine II and intine layers, and shriveled without cytoplasm. The expression of some genes required for pollen wall formation was examined in osabcg3 mutants. The mutation did not alter the expression of the regulatory genes and lipid metabolism genes, but altered the expression of lipid transport genes. CONCLUSIONS Base on the genetic and cytological analyses, OsABCG3 was proposed to transport the tapetum-produced materials essential for pollen wall formation. This study provided a new perspective to the genetic regulation of pollen wall development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Chang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Mingna Jin
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Wei Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
- School of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 10048 China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Shijun Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Shan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 53004 China
| | - Jixing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 53004 China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Zhufeng Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
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Shi J, Chen L, Zheng R, Guan C, Wang Y, Liang W, Yang S, Wang L, Gong L, Zheng G, Huang B. Comparative phenotype and microRNAome in developing anthers of wild-type and male-sterile Lycium barbarum L. Plant Sci 2018; 274:349-359. [PMID: 30080623 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum L. (L. barbarum) is an economically important plant, as its fruit is highly marketable for its healthy nutrient content. In this study, we characterized the anther development of a major cultivar (Ningqi No. 1) and a male-sterile mutant (Ningqi No. 5) of L. barbarum. We initially investigated the phenotypes of Ningqi No. 1 and Ningqi No. 5 using microscopy and chemical staining, which showed that Ningqi No. 5 failed in the degradation of anther callose, leading to an absence of mature pollen grains and thus to male sterility. Then, to understand the dynamic profile of miRNA expression during the development of the anthers, we collected anther samples from both Ningqi No. 1 and Ningqi No. 5 throughout anther development, and we further identified 137 novel miRNAs from these anther samples by using next-generation deep sequencing technology. Of these 137 novel miRNAs, 96 miRNAs were conserved miRNAs classified into 65 miRNA families, including a few well-known miRNA families related to anther development, such as miR156, miR159 and miR172. In addition, the remaining 41 miRNAs were considered lineage-specific miRNAs, which had no orthologues in other species. The expression data showed that 45 of the 137 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the different samples, including 4 Ningqi No. 5-specific miRNAs and 15 stage-specific miRNAs. The expression patterns of six miRNAs and their predicted targets were verified by Q-PCR, and one of miRNAs and its target were chosen for transient co-expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves to verify the correlations between the miRNA and its predicted target. Overall, the identification of the miRNAs in the anther development of Ningqi No. 1 and Ningqi No. 5 provides a valuable resource for understanding the molecular mechanisms of male sterility in L. barbarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ning Xia University, Ning Xia, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ning Xia University, Ning Xia, China
| | - Cuiping Guan
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ning Xia University, Ning Xia, China
| | - Yujiong Wang
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ning Xia University, Ning Xia, China
| | - Wenyu Liang
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ning Xia University, Ning Xia, China
| | - Shujuan Yang
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ning Xia University, Ning Xia, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ning Xia University, Ning Xia, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Agricultural Bio-Technology Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Ning Xia, China
| | - Guobao Zheng
- Agricultural Bio-Technology Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Ning Xia, China
| | - Binquan Huang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Li Y, Min L, Zhang L, Hu Q, Wu Y, Li J, Xie S, Ma Y, Zhang X, Zhu L. Promoters of Arabidopsis Casein kinase I-like 2 and 7 confer specific high-temperature response in anther. Plant Mol Biol 2018; 98:33-49. [PMID: 30145767 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0760-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE: (1) We systematically analyze the promoter activities of AtCKLs in various tissues; (2) AtCKL2 and AtCKL7 were expressed in early developmental anthers under high temperature (HT) conditions; (3) AtMYB24 may function as a positive regulator of AtCKL2 and AtCKL7 expression under HT. High temperature (HT) can seriously impede plant growth and development, causing severe loss of crop production. In Arabidopsis, AtCKL genes show high similarity to GhCKI, a gene reported to disrupt tapetal programmed cell death in cotton. However, most of AtCKL genes are not well characterized. Here, we systematically analyzed the expression patterns of AtCKLs in various tissues. The expression of AtCKL2 and AtCKL7 was induced in early anther development under HT, which is similar to the case of GhCKI. In silico analysis of AtCKL2 and AtCKL7 promoters indicated that four types of transcription factors (TFs) (MADS, NAC, WRKY and R2R3-MYB) might bind to AtCKL2 and AtCKL7 promoters. Furthermore, three MADS, three NAC, one WRKY, and three R2R3-MYB TFs were up-regulated in stage 1-8 anthers and three R2R3-MYB TFs were up-regulated in stage 9-10 anthers under HT, implying the important roles of R2R3-MYB genes in the response of anthers to HT. Among the R2R3-MYB genes, AtMYB24 showed the similar expression as AtCKL2 and AtCKL7 in the anthers under HT. Additionally, yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter system assays verified that AtMYB24 could bind to AtCKL2 and AtCKL7 promoters and activate the expression of these two genes. In brief, this study provides the overall expression profiles of AtCKLs, useful information for unraveling the molecular mechanism of AtCKL2 and AtCKL7 gene expression in early anther development under HT, and important clues for elucidating the mechanism of transcriptional regulation of CKI genes in plant anther under HT, which are critical to the reduction of crop yield loss resulting from HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Ling Min
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Qin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yuanlong Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jie Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Sai Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yizan Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Longfu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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Valencia-Nieto B, Sosa V, Márquez-Guzmán J. Anther development in tribe Epidendreae: orchids with contrasting pollination syndromes. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4383. [PMID: 29503766 PMCID: PMC5833465 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidendreae is one of the most diverse tribes among the orchids with remarkable variation in life form, floral morphology and pollination syndromes. Its circumscription was recently revised and subtribes Agrostophyllinae and Calypsoinae were transferred into this tribe. One of the principal floral characters utilized in classification of orchids is the incumbency or bending of the column. This study records and compares late stages of anther, column and lip development, and discusses anther characters in fifteen representative taxa of five of the six subtribes in Epidendreae with respect to classification and pollination biology. Methods A series of late floral stages were sampled and fixed for examination under scanning electron microscope. Results Anther incumbency or bending in this group varies from 90° to almost 180°. Incumbency in the late stages of development is reached in Bletiinae, Ponerinae, Pleurothallidinae and Laeliinae whereas incumbency is reached early in its development in Corallorhiza and Govenia of Calypsoinae. Discussion Our observations indicate that the position of Chysis in subtribe Bletiinae needs revision based on differences in a number floral, and in particular of anther characters; and that Coelia only shares the early anther incumbency with Calypsoinae members, but not the rest of floral and anther characters. Anatomical characters such as crystals around the actinocytic stomata on the anther cap and sugar crystals in Laeliinae; lack of rostellum in Bletiinae; coalescent anther with the column, lack of trichomes and papillae on lip keels, and underdeveloped rostellum in Chysis; a mechanism by which the anther cap comes off (it is joined with the grooved lip by a claw) in Isochilus are all related to pollination syndromes and reproductive biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Valencia-Nieto
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo en Plantas, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México
| | - Victoria Sosa
- Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología AC, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Judith Márquez-Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo en Plantas, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México
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Yang Z, Zhang Y, Sun L, Zhang P, Liu L, Yu P, Xuan D, Xiang X, Wu W, Cao L, Cheng S. Identification of cyp703a3-3 and analysis of regulatory role of CYP703A3 in rice anther cuticle and pollen exine development. Gene 2018; 649:63-73. [PMID: 29355682 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anther cuticle and pollen exine are two elaborated lipid-soluble barriers protecting pollen grains from environmental and biological stresses. However, less is known about the mechanisms underlying the synthesis of these lipidic polymers. Here, we identified a no-pollen male-sterility mutant cyp703a3-3 from the indica restorer line Zhonghui 8015 (Zh8015) mutant library treated with 60Coγ-ray radiation. Histological analysis indicated that cyp703a3-3 underwent abnormal tapetal cells development, produced few orbicules and secreted less sporopollenin precursors to anther locule, as well as cutin monomers on anther. Genetic analysis revealed that cyp703a3-3 was controlled by a single recessive gene. Map-based cloning was performed to narrow down the mutant gene to a 47.78-kb interval on the chromosome 8 between two markers S15-29 and S15-30. Sequence analysis detected three bases (GAA) deletion in the first exon of LOC_Os08g03682, annotated as CYP703A3 with homologous sequences related to male sterility in Arabidopsis, causing the Asparagine deletion in the mutant site. Moreover, we transformed genomic fragment of CYP703A3 into cyp703a3-3, which male-sterility phenotype was recovered. Both the wild-type and cyp703a3-3 mutant 3D structure of CYP703A3 protein were modeled. Results of qPCR suggested CYP703A3 mainly expressed in anthers with greatest abundance at microspore stage, and genes involved in sporopollenin precursors formation and transportation, such as GAMYB, TDR, CYP704B2, DPW2, OsABCG26 and OsABCG15, were significantly reduced in cyp703a3-3. Collectively, our results further elaborated CYP703A3 plays vital role in anther cuticle and pollen exine development in rice (Oryza sativa L.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfu Yang
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lianping Sun
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Dandan Xuan
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiaojiao Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weixun Wu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Liyong Cao
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Shihua Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research & State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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Wang B, Xue JS, Yu YH, Liu SQ, Zhang JX, Yao XZ, Liu ZX, Xu XF, Yang ZN. Fine regulation of ARF17 for anther development and pollen formation. BMC Plant Biol 2017; 17:243. [PMID: 29258431 PMCID: PMC5735505 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Arabidopsis, the tapetum and microsporocytes are critical for pollen formation. Previous studies have shown that ARF17 is expressed in microsporocytes and tetrads and directly regulates tetrad wall synthesis for pollen formation. ARF17 is the direct target of miR160, and promoterARF17::5mARF17 (5mARF17/WT) transgenic plants, which have five silent mutations within the miR160-complementary domain, are sterile. RESULTS Here, we found that ARF17 is also expressed in the tapetum, which was defective in arf17 mutants. Compared with arf17 mutants, 5mARF17/WT plants had abnormal tapetal cells and tetrads but were less vacuolated in the tapetum. Immunocytochemical assays showed that the ARF17 protein over-accumulated in tapetum, microsporocytes and tetrads of 5mARF17/WT plants at early anther stages, but its expression pattern was not affected during anther development. 5mARF17 driven by its native promoter did not rescue the arf17 male-sterile phenotype. The expression of 5mARF17 driven by the tapetum-specific promoter A9 led to a defective tapetum and male sterility in transgenic plants. These results suggest that the overexpression of ARF17 in the tapetum and microsporocytes of 5mARF17/WT plants leads to male sterility. Microarray data revealed that an abundance of genes involved in transcription and translation are ectopically expressed in 5mARF17/WT plants. CONCLUSIONS Our work shows that ARF17 plays an essential role in anther development and pollen formation, and ARF17 expression under miR160 regulation is critical for its function during anther development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Jing-Shi Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Ya-Hui Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Si-Qi Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Jia-Xin Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Yao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Zhi-Xue Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Xiao-Feng Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
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Goldental-Cohen S, Israeli A, Ori N, Yasuor H. Auxin Response Dynamics During Wild-Type and entire Flower Development in Tomato. Plant Cell Physiol 2017; 58:1661-1672. [PMID: 29016944 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin is a major regulator of plant development and response to environmental cues. Auxin plays a particularly central role in flower development, but the knowledge of its role of flower development in crop plants with fleshy fruits, such as tomato, is still scarce. Mutations in the Aux/IAA gene ENTIRE/Indole Acetic Acid 9 (E/IAA9) lead to the precocious development of young gynoecia into parthenocarpic fruits. Here, we compared the distribution of the auxin response sensor DR5::VENUS and the auxin efflux transporter PIN1 between the wild type and entire during successive stages of flower and fruit development. Up-regulation of the DR5::VENUS signal in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) was observed upon the transition to flowering, implicating a possible role for auxin in the transition from a vegetative SAM into an inflorescence meristem. DR5::VENUS was expressed in all initiating floral organs. Additionally, DR5::VENUS was highly expressed during gametogenesis, in both male and female organs, and in the developing seeds during embryogenesis. DR5::VENUS is expressed in functional cell layers such as the anther stomium and tapetum, suggesting that auxin plays a role in flower organ development and function. The entire mutation affected DR5::VENUS expression patterns during inflorescence formation and flower organ development, which correlated with phenotypic alterations. We also show dynamic distribution and localization of the auxin transporter PIN1 during flower and fruit organ development. These results emphasize the dynamic auxin response in inflorescence and flower development and suggest multiple roles of auxin in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiri Goldental-Cohen
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crop Research, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rural Delivery Negev, 85280, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alon Israeli
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Naomi Ori
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Hagai Yasuor
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crop Research, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rural Delivery Negev, 85280, Israel
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Kurusu T, Koyano T, Kitahata N, Kojima M, Hanamata S, Sakakibara H, Kuchitsu K. Autophagy-mediated regulation of phytohormone metabolism during rice anther development. Plant Signal Behav 2017; 12:e1365211. [PMID: 28873038 PMCID: PMC5640179 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1365211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy has recently been shown to be required for postmeiotic anther development including anther dehiscence, programmed cell death-mediated degradation of the tapetum and pollen maturation in rice. Several phytohormones are known to play essential roles during male reproductive development including pollen maturation. However, the relationship between phytohormone metabolism and autophagy in plant reproductive development is unknown. We here comprehensively analyzed the effect of autophagy disruption on phytohormone contents in rice anthers at the flowering stage, and found that endogenous levels of active-forms of gibberellins (GAs) and cytokinin, trans-zeatin, were significantly lower in the autophagy-defective mutant, Osatg7-1, than in the wild type. Treatment with GA4 partially recovered maturation of the mutant pollens, but did not recover the limited anther dehiscence as well as sterility phenotype. These results suggest that autophagy affects metabolism and endogenous levels of GAs and cytokinin in rice anthers. Reduction in bioactive GAs in the autophagy-deficient mutant may partially explain the defects in pollen maturation of the autophagy-deficient mutant, but tapetal autophagy also plays other specific roles in fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Kurusu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoko Koyano
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Kitahata
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Imaging Frontier Center, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- Plant Productivity Systems Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hanamata
- Imaging Frontier Center, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- Plant Productivity Systems Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Imaging Frontier Center, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- CONTACT Dr. Kazuyuki Kuchitsu Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Li DX, Hu HY, Li G, Ru ZG, Tian HQ. Calcium controls the formation of vacuoles from mitochondria to regulate microspore development in wheat. Plant Reprod 2017; 30:131-139. [PMID: 28900728 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-017-0309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Potassium antimonite was used to investigate the localisation of calcium in developing wheat anthers to examine the relationship between Ca2+ and pollen development. During anther development, calcium precipitate formation increased in anther wall cells prior to microspore mother cell meiosis and appeared in microspores, suggesting the presence of a calcium influx from anther wall cells into the locule. Initially, the precipitates in microspore cytoplasm primarily accumulated in the mitochondria and destroyed their inner membranes (cisterns) to become small vacuoles, which expanded and fused, ultimately becoming a large vacuole during microspore vacuolisation. After microspore division and large vacuole decomposition, many calcium precipitates again accumulated in the small vacuoles, indicating that calcium from the large vacuole moved back into the cytoplasm of bicellular pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xiao Li
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Hai Yan Hu
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Gan Li
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Gang Ru
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Hui Qiao Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China.
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Trapalis M, Li SF, Parish RW. The Arabidopsis GASA10 gene encodes a cell wall protein strongly expressed in developing anthers and seeds. Plant Sci 2017; 260:71-79. [PMID: 28554477 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis GASA10 gene encodes a GAST1-like (Gibberellic Acid-Stimulated) protein. Reporter gene analysis identified consistent expression in anthers and seeds. In anthers expression was developmentally regulated, first appearing at stage 7 of anther development and reaching a maximum at stage 11. Strongest expression was in the tapetum and developing microspores. GASA10 expression also occurred throughout the seed and in root vasculature. GASA10 was shown to be transported to the cell wall. Using GASA1 and GASA6 as positive controls, gibberellic acid was found not to induce GASA10 expression in Arabidopsis suspension cells. Overexpression of GASA10 (35S promoter-driven) resulted in a reduction in silique elongation. GASA10 shares structural similarities to the antimicrobial peptide snakin1, however, purified GASA10 failed to influence the growth of a variety of bacterial and fungal species tested. We propose cell wall associated GASA proteins are involved in regulating the hydroxyl radical levels at specific sites in the cell wall to facilitate wall growth (regulating cell wall elongation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Menelaos Trapalis
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, AgriBio Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
| | - Song Feng Li
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, AgriBio Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
| | - Roger W Parish
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, AgriBio Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
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Hao S, Ariizumi T, Ezura H. SEXUAL STERILITY is Essential for Both Male and Female Gametogenesis in Tomato. Plant Cell Physiol 2017; 58:22-34. [PMID: 28082517 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Gametogenesis is a key step in the production of ovules or pollen in higher plants. The molecular aspects of gametogenesis are well characterized in the model plant Arabidopsis; however, little information is known in tomato, which is a model plant for fleshy fruit development. In this study, we characterized a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) γ-ray mutant, sexual sterility (Slses), that exhibited both male and female sterility. Morphological analysis revealed that the Slses mutant forms incomplete ovules and wilted anthers devoid of pollen grains at the anthesis stage. Genetic and next-generation sequencing analyses revealed that the Slses mutant carried a 13 bp deletion within the first exon of a homolog of SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE (SPL/NZZ), which plays an important role in gametogenesis in Arabidopsis. Complementation analysis in which the complete SlSES genomic region was introduced into the Slses mutant fully restored normal phenotypes, demonstrating that Solyc07g063670 is responsible for the Slses mutation. SlSES probably act as a transcriptional repressor because of an EAR motif at the C-terminal region. Gene expression levels of WUSCHEL (SlWUS) and INNER NO OUTER (SlINO), both of which are required for ovule development, were dramatically reduced in the early stages of pistil development in the Slses mutant, suggesting a positive regulatory role for SlSES in the transcription of gametogenesis genes and differences in the regulation of INO (SlINO) and integument development by SPL/NZZ (SLSES) between Arabidopsis and tomato. Taken together, our results indicate that SlSES is a novel tomato gametogenesis gene essential for both male and female gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Hao
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tohru Ariizumi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Fei Q, Yang L, Liang W, Zhang D, Meyers BC. Dynamic changes of small RNAs in rice spikelet development reveal specialized reproductive phasiRNA pathways. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:6037-6049. [PMID: 27702997 PMCID: PMC5100018 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Dissection of the genetic pathways and mechanisms by which anther development occurs in grasses is crucial for both a basic understanding of plant development and for examining traits of agronomic importance such as male sterility. In rice, MULTIPLE SPOROCYTES1 (MSP1), a leucine-rich-repeat receptor kinase, plays an important role in anther development by limiting the number of sporocytes. OsTDL1a (a TPD1-like gene in rice) encodes a small protein that acts as a cofactor of MSP1 in the same regulatory pathway. In this study, we analyzed small RNA and mRNA changes in different stages of spikelets from wild-type rice, and from msp1 and ostdl1a mutants. Analysis of the small RNA data identified miRNAs demonstrating differential abundances. miR2275 was depleted in the two rice mutants; this miRNA is specifically enriched in anthers and functions to trigger the production of 24-nt phased secondary siRNAs (phasiRNAs) from PHAS loci. We observed that the 24-nt phasiRNAs as well as their precursor PHAS mRNAs were also depleted in the two mutants. An analysis of co-expression identified three Argonaute-encoding genes (OsAGO1d, OsAGO2b, and OsAGO18) that accumulate transcripts coordinately with phasiRNAs, suggesting a functional relationship. By mRNA in situ analysis, we demonstrated a strong correlation between the spatiotemporal pattern of these OsAGO transcripts and phasiRNA accumulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qili Fei
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences and Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wanqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Blake C Meyers
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences and Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
- University of Missouri - Columbia, Division of Plant Sciences, 52 Agriculture Lab, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Abstract
Background: Tea is an economic important crop with high medicinal value due to rich polyphenols content. In the present research we studied the accumulation of polyphenols of in vitro regenerated callus from anthers. Objective: Callus induction of tea anthers and in vitro accumulation of phenolic compounds from the anther-derived callus. Materials and Methods: Standardization of callus induction for tea anthers. In vitro generated callus was screened for in vivo accumulation of catechins and its isomers were screened by FC reagent staining technique. The methanol extract of dry and green callus obtained were estimated qualitatively by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)–alternative total reflection (ATR) and quantitatively by HPLC method. Results: Anthers inoculated on half strength MS media fortified with 2,4-dichloro acetic acid (2 mg/L), Kn (1 mg/L), and BAP (1 mg/L) induced callus under photoperiod of 9:15 h light. The in vivo histochemical studies revealed the accumulation of polyphenols in the callus. The in vitro generated fresh and dry callus were used for extraction and screened for accumulated polyphenols [galic acid, (+)-catechin (C), (−)-epicatechin, (−)-epigallocatechin, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate, (−)-gallocatechins, (−)-epicatechin gallate] were estimated qualitatively by FTIR–ATR method and quantitatively by HPLC method. Conclusion: The FC staining technique used here helps in localization of polyphenol compounds accumulation in the tissues by instant microscopic studies. The study have scope in large-scale isolation of various medicinally important flavonol by using anther culture. Abbreviations used: HPLC: high pressure liquid chromatography; FTIR: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; 2,4-D: 2,4-dichloro acetic acid; BAP: N6-benzyl amino purine; kn: kinetin
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Pavan Kumar Chevala
- Division of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, UPASI Tea Research Institute, Tea Research Foundation, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Naga Thirumalesh Chevala
- Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kirubakaran Dhanakodi
- Division of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, UPASI Tea Research Institute, Tea Research Foundation, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rama Rao Nadendla
- Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Reginato M, Michelangeli FA. Diversity and constraints in the floral morphological evolution of Leandra s.str. (Melastomataceae). Ann Bot 2016; 118:445-58. [PMID: 27401539 PMCID: PMC4998978 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Putative processes related to floral diversification and its relation to speciation are still largely unaccounted for in the Melastomataceae. Leandra s.str. is one of the most diverse lineages of the Neotropical Miconieae and ranks among the ten most diverse groups in the Atlantic Forest. Here, we describe the floral diversity of this lineage in a continuous framework and address several questions related to floral evolution and putative developmental and environmental constraints in its morphology. METHODS The morphological data set includes individual size measurements and shape scores (from elliptical Fourier analysis) for hypanthia, petals, stamens and styles. We evaluate whether there is evidence of correlation among these floral structures, shifts and convergent patterns, and association of these traits with elevation. KEY RESULTS Leandra s.str. flower structures present a strong phylogenetic signal and tend to be conserved among close relatives. The extremes in flower regimes seem to be quite distinct, but non-overlapping discrete flower types are not observed. Overall, the morphology of Leandra s.str. floral structures is correlated, and anther colour and inflorescence architecture correlate with flower structures. Additionally, the rates of species diversification and morphological evolution are correlated in most clades. CONCLUSIONS Although some flower regimes tend to occur in different elevational ranges, no significant association is observed. The general idea that hypanthium-ovary fusion is associated with fruit types in the Melastomataceae does not hold for Leandra s.str., where, instead, hypanthium-ovary fusion seems to be associated with anther shape. The lowest rate of flower morphological change, when compared with species diversification rates, is observed in the clade that possesses the most specialized flowers in the group. While stuck on a single general pollination system, Leandra s.str. seems to be greatly wandering around it, given the flower diversity and convergent patterns observed in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Reginato
- Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10458, USA The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Fabián A Michelangeli
- Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
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Tao YB, He LL, Niu L, Xu ZF. Isolation and characterization of the Jatropha curcas APETALA1 (JcAP1) promoter conferring preferential expression in inflorescence buds. Planta 2016; 244:467-478. [PMID: 27095108 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The 1.5 kb JcAP1 promoter from the biofuel plant Jatropha curcas is predominantly active in the inflorescence buds of transgenic plants, in which the -1313/-1057 region is essential for maintaining the activity. Arabidopsis thaliana APETALA1 (AP1) is a MADS-domain transcription factor gene that functions primarily in flower development. We isolated a homolog of AP1 from Jatropha curcas (designated JcAP1), which was shown to exhibit flower-specific expression in Jatropha. JcAP1 is first expressed in inflorescence buds and continues to be primarily expressed in the sepals. We isolated a 1.5 kb JcAP1 promoter and evaluated its activity in transgenic Arabidopsis and Jatropha using the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. In transgenic Arabidopsis and Jatropha, the inflorescence buds exhibited notable GUS activity, whereas the sepals did not. Against expectations, the JcAP1 promoter was active in the anthers of Arabidopsis and Jatropha and was highly expressed in Jatropha seeds. An analysis of promoter deletions in transgenic Arabidopsis revealed that deletion of the -1313/-1057 region resulted in loss of JcAP1 promoter activity in the inflorescence buds and increased activity in the anthers. These results suggested that some regulatory sequences in the -1313/-1057 region are essential for maintaining promoter activity in inflorescence buds and can partly suppress activity in the anthers. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that other elements located upstream of the 1.5 kb JcAP1 promoter may be required for flower-specific activation. The JcAP1 promoter characterized in this study can be used to drive transgene expression in both the inflorescence buds and seeds of Jatropha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Liang-Liang He
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Longjian Niu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.
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Gębura J, Winiarczyk K. A study on calcium oxalate crystals in Tinantia anomala (Commelinaceae) with special reference to ultrastructural changes during anther development. J Plant Res 2016; 129:685-695. [PMID: 26961770 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0812-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals in higher plants occur in five forms: raphides, styloids, prisms, druses, and crystal sand. CaOx crystals are formed in almost all tissues in intravacuolar crystal chambers. However, the mechanism of crystallization and the role of CaOx crystals have not been clearly explained. The aim of this study was to explore the occurrence and location of CaOx crystals in organs of Tinantia anomala (Torr.) C.B. Clarke (Commelinaceae) with special attention to ultrastructural changes in the quantity of tapetal raphides during microsporogenesis. We observed various parts of the plant, that is, stems, leaves, sepals, petals, anthers, staminal trichomes and stigmatic papillae and identified CaOx crystals in all parts except staminal trichomes and stigmatic papillae in Tinantia anomala. Three morphological forms: styloids, raphides and prisms were found in different amounts in different parts of the plant. Furthermore, in this species, we identified tapetal raphides in anthers. The number of tapetal raphides changed during microsporogenesis. At the beginning of meiosis, the biosynthesis of raphides proceeded intensively in the provacuoles. These organelles were formed from the endoplasmic reticulum system. In the tetrad stage, we observed vacuoles with needle-shaped raphides (type I) always localised in the centre of the organelle. When the amoeboid tapetum was degenerating, vacuoles also began to fade. We observed a small number of raphides in the stage of mature pollen grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gębura
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krystyna Winiarczyk
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20033, Lublin, Poland.
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Mesihovic A, Iannacone R, Firon N, Fragkostefanakis S. Heat stress regimes for the investigation of pollen thermotolerance in crop plants. Plant Reprod 2016; 29:93-105. [PMID: 27016360 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-016-0281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pollen thermotolerance. Global warming is predicted to increase the frequency and severity of extreme weather phenomena such as heat waves thereby posing a major threat for crop productivity and food security. The yield in case of most crop species is dependent on the success of reproductive development. Pollen development has been shown to be highly sensitive to elevated temperatures while the development of the female gametophyte as well as sporophytic tissues might also be disturbed under mild or severe heat stress conditions. Therefore, assessing pollen thermotolerance is currently of high interest for geneticists, plant biologists and breeders. A key aspect in pollen thermotolerance studies is the selection of the appropriate heat stress regime, the developmental stage that the stress is applied to, as well as the method of application. Literature search reveals a rather high variability in heat stress treatments mainly due to the lack of standardized protocols for different plant species. In this review, we summarize and discuss experimental approaches that have been used in various crops, with special focus on tomato, rice and wheat, as the best studied crops regarding pollen thermotolerance. The overview of stress treatments and the major outcomes of each study aim to provide guidelines for similar research in other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anida Mesihovic
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rina Iannacone
- ALSIA Research Center Metapontum Agrobios Metaponto (MT), 75010, Metaponto, Italy
| | - Nurit Firon
- Department of Vegetable Research, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Sotirios Fragkostefanakis
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Manimaran P, Raghurami Reddy M, Bhaskar Rao T, Mangrauthia SK, Sundaram RM, Balachandran SM. Identification of cis-elements and evaluation of upstream regulatory region of a rice anther-specific gene, OSIPP3, conferring pollen-specific expression in Oryza sativa (L.) ssp. indica. Plant Reprod 2015; 28:133-42. [PMID: 26081459 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-015-0264-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pollen-specific expression. Promoters comprise of various cis-regulatory elements which control development and physiology of plants by regulating gene expression. To understand the promoter specificity and also identification of functional cis-acting elements, progressive 5' deletion analysis of the promoter fragments is widely used. We have evaluated the activity of regulatory elements of 5' promoter deletion sequences of anther-specific gene OSIPP3, viz. OSIPP3-∆1 (1504 bp), OSIPP3-∆2 (968 bp), OSIPP3-∆3 (388 bp) and OSIPP3-∆4 (286 bp) through the expression of transgene GUS in rice. In silico analysis of 1504-bp sequence harboring different copy number of cis-acting regulatory elements such as POLLENLELAT52, GTGANTG10, enhancer element of LAT52 and LAT56 indicated that they were essential for high level of expression in pollen. Histochemical GUS analysis of the transgenic plants revealed that 1504- and 968-bp fragments directed GUS expression in roots and anthers, while the 388- and 286-bp fragments restricted the GUS expression to only pollen, of which 388 bp conferred strong GUS expression. Further, GUS staining analysis of different panicle development stages (P1-P6) confirmed that the GUS gene was preferentially expressed only at P6 stage (late pollen stage). The qRT-PCR analysis of GUS transcript revealed 23-fold higher expression of GUS transcript in OSIPP3-Δ1 followed by OSIPP3-Δ2 (eightfold) and OSIPP3-Δ3 (threefold) when compared to OSIPP3-Δ4. Based on our results, we proposed that among the two smaller fragments, the 388-bp upstream regulatory region could be considered as a promising candidate for pollen-specific expression of agronomically important transgenes in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Manimaran
- Biotechnology Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - M Raghurami Reddy
- Biotechnology Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - T Bhaskar Rao
- Biotechnology Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - Satendra K Mangrauthia
- Biotechnology Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - R M Sundaram
- Biotechnology Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - S M Balachandran
- Biotechnology Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India.
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Gómez JF, Talle B, Wilson ZA. Anther and pollen development: A conserved developmental pathway. J Integr Plant Biol 2015; 57:876-91. [PMID: 26310290 PMCID: PMC4794635 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pollen development is a critical step in plant development that is needed for successful breeding and seed formation. Manipulation of male fertility has proved a useful trait for hybrid breeding and increased crop yield. However, although there is a good understanding developing of the molecular mechanisms of anther and pollen anther development in model species, such as Arabidopsis and rice, little is known about the equivalent processes in important crops. Nevertheless the onset of increased genomic information and genetic tools is facilitating translation of information from the models to crops, such as barley and wheat; this will enable increased understanding and manipulation of these pathways for agricultural improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Fernández Gómez
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Behzad Talle
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Zoe A Wilson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
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50
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Jeong HJ, Kang JH, Zhao M, Kwon JK, Choi HS, Bae JH, Lee HA, Joung YH, Choi D, Kang BC. Tomato Male sterile 1035 is essential for pollen development and meiosis in anthers. J Exp Bot 2014; 65:6693-709. [PMID: 25262227 PMCID: PMC4246194 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Male fertility in flowering plants depends on proper cellular differentiation in anthers. Meiosis and tapetum development are particularly important processes in pollen production. In this study, we showed that the tomato male sterile (ms10(35)) mutant of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) exhibited dysfunctional meiosis and an abnormal tapetum during anther development, resulting in no pollen production. We demonstrated that Ms10(35) encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is specifically expressed in meiocyte and tapetal tissue from pre-meiotic to tetrad stages. Transgenic expression of the Ms10(35) gene from its native promoter complemented the male sterility of the ms10(35) mutant. In addition, RNA-sequencing-based transcriptome analysis revealed that Ms10(35) regulates 246 genes involved in anther development processes such as meiosis, tapetum development, cell-wall degradation, pollen wall formation, transport, and lipid metabolism. Our results indicate that Ms10(35) plays key roles in regulating both meiosis and programmed cell death of the tapetum during microsporogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jin Jeong
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro Gwank-gu, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agricultural Sciences, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro Gwank-gu, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Kang
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro Gwank-gu, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agricultural Sciences, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro Gwank-gu, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Meiai Zhao
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266-109, PR China
| | - Jin-Kyung Kwon
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro Gwank-gu, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agricultural Sciences, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro Gwank-gu, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Soon Choi
- National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Suwon 440-310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Bae
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro Gwank-gu, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ah Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro Gwank-gu, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agricultural Sciences, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro Gwank-gu, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hee Joung
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Doil Choi
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro Gwank-gu, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agricultural Sciences, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro Gwank-gu, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Cheorl Kang
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro Gwank-gu, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agricultural Sciences, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro Gwank-gu, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
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