1
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Bah M, Verhoef H, Okoh E, Bah A, Prentice AM, Cerami C. Haem iron versus ferrous iron salts to treat iron deficiency anaemia in Gambian children: protocol for randomised controlled trial {1}. Trials 2024; 25:270. [PMID: 38641845 PMCID: PMC11027386 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization recommends universal iron supplementation for children aged 6-23 months in countries where anaemia is seen in over 40% of the population. Conventional ferrous salts have low efficacy due to low oral absorption in children with inflammation. Haem iron is more bioavailable, and its absorption may not be decreased by inflammation. This study aims to compare daily supplementation with haem iron versus ferrous sulphate on haemoglobin concentration and serum ferritin concentration after 12 weeks of supplementation. METHODS This will be a two-arm, randomised controlled trial. Gambian children aged 6-12 months with anaemia will be recruited within a predefined geographical area and recruited by trained field workers. Eligible participants will be individually randomised using a 1:1 ratio within permuted blocks to daily supplementation for 12 weeks with either 10.0 mg of elemental iron as haem or ferrous sulphate. Safety outcomes such as diarrhoea and infection-related adverse events will be assessed daily by the clinical team (see Bah et al. Additional file 4_Adverse event eCRF). Linear regression will be used to analyse continuous outcomes, with log transformation to normalise residuals as needed. Binary outcomes will be analysed by binomial regression or logistic regression, Primary analysis will be by modified intention-to-treat (i.e., those randomised and who ingested at least one supplement dose of iron), with multiple imputations to replace missing data. Effect estimates will be adjusted for baseline covariates (C-reactive protein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, haemoglobin, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor). DISCUSSION This study will determine if therapeutic supplementation with haem iron is more efficacious than with conventional ferrous sulphate in enhancing haemoglobin and ferritin concentrations in anaemic children aged 6-12 months. TRIAL REGISTRATION Pan African Clinical Trial Registry PACTR202210523178727.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamadou Bah
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), PO Box 273, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Verhoef
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel Okoh
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), PO Box 273, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Abdoulie Bah
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), PO Box 273, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), PO Box 273, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Carla Cerami
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), PO Box 273, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia.
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2
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Chao Y, Subramaniam M, Namitharan K, Zhu Y, Koolma V, Hao Z, Li S, Wang Y, Hudoynazarov I, Miloserdov FM, Zuilhof H. Synthesis of Large Macrocycles with Chiral Sulfur Centers via Enantiospecific SuFEx and SuPhenEx Click Reactions. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15658-15665. [PMID: 37903243 PMCID: PMC10660663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the first asymmetric synthesis of large chiral macrocycles with chiral sulfur atoms. Building on stereospecific SuFEx and SuPhenEx click chemistries, this approach utilizes disulfonimidoyl fluorides and disulfonimidoyl p-nitrophenolates─which are efficient building blocks with two chiral sulfur centers, and diphenols to efficiently form novel S-O bonds. Characteristic results include the enantiospecific one-step synthesis of rings consisting of 21-58 members and characterization of both enantiomers (R,R and S,S) by e.g. X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chao
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Muthusamy Subramaniam
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kayambu Namitharan
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yumei Zhu
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Victor Koolma
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zitong Hao
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shikang Li
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ilyos Hudoynazarov
- Division
of Organic Synthesis and Applied Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
| | - Fedor M. Miloserdov
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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3
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Mohamed Nor NH, Niu Z, Hennebelle M, Koelmans AA. How Digestive Processes Can Affect the Bioavailability of PCBs Associated with Microplastics: A Modeling Study Supported by Empirical Data. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:11452-11464. [PMID: 37504896 PMCID: PMC10413949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The transfer kinetics of plastic-associated chemicals during intestinal digestive processes is unknown. Here, we assessed whether digestive processes affect chemical exchange kinetics on microplastics, using an in vitro gut fluid digestive model mimicking the human upper intestinal tract. Chemical exchange kinetics of microplastics were measured for 10 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as proxies for the broad class of hydrophobic organic chemicals. Following earlier studies, olive oil was used as a proxy for digestible food, under high and low digestive enzyme activities. The micelle-water and oil-water partition coefficients of the 10 PCBs were also determined to evaluate the relative contribution of each gut component to sorb PCBs. A new biphasic and reversible chemical exchange model, which included the digestion process, fitted well to the empirical data. We demonstrate that the digestive processes that break down contaminated food can lead to a substantial increase in chemical concentration in microplastics by a factor of 10-20, thereby reducing the overall chemical bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract when compared to a scenario without microplastics. Higher enzyme activities result in more chemicals being released by the digested food, thereby resulting in higher chemical concentrations in the microplastics. While the model-calibrated kinetic parameters are specific to the studied scenario, we argue that the mechanism of the reduced bioavailability of chemicals and the modeling tool developed have generic relevance. These digestive processes should be considered when assessing the risks of microplastics to humans and also biomagnification in aquatic food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hazimah Mohamed Nor
- Aquatic
Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zhiyue Niu
- Aquatic
Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marie Hennebelle
- Food
Chemistry Group, Wageningen University &
Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700
AA Wageningen, The
Netherlands
| | - Albert A. Koelmans
- Aquatic
Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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4
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Scholtmeijer K, van den Broek LAM, Fischer ARH, van Peer A. Potential Protein Production from Lignocellulosic Materials Using Edible Mushroom Forming Fungi. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:4450-4457. [PMID: 36883423 PMCID: PMC10037329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for new protein sources to feed the world in a sustainable way. Converting non-food-grade "woody" side streams into food containing proteins will contribute to this mission. Mushroom forming fungi are unique in their capability to convert lignocellulosic substances into edible biomass containing protein. Especially if substrate mycelium can be used instead of mushrooms, this technology could be a serious contribution to addressing the protein challenge. In this Perspective, we discuss challenges toward production, purification, and market introduction of mushroom mycelium based foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Scholtmeijer
- Wageningen
Plant Breeding Research, Mushroom Research
Group, Droevensdaalsesteeg
1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arnout R. H. Fischer
- Wageningen
University Marketing and Consumer Behaviour Group, Hollandseweg 1, 6706KN Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arend van Peer
- Wageningen
Plant Breeding Research, Mushroom Research
Group, Droevensdaalsesteeg
1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Martens KJA, Gobes M, Archontakis E, Brillas RR, Zijlstra N, Albertazzi L, Hohlbein J. Enabling Spectrally Resolved Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy at High Emitter Densities. Nano Lett 2022; 22:8618-8625. [PMID: 36269936 PMCID: PMC9650776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is a powerful super-resolution technique for elucidating structure and dynamics in the life- and material sciences. Simultaneously acquiring spectral information (spectrally resolved SMLM, sSMLM) has been hampered by several challenges: an increased complexity of the optical detection pathway, lower accessible emitter densities, and compromised spatio-spectral resolution. Here we present a single-component, low-cost implementation of sSMLM that addresses these challenges. Using a low-dispersion transmission grating positioned close to the image plane, the +1stdiffraction order is minimally elongated and is analyzed using existing single-molecule localization algorithms. The distance between the 0th and 1st order provides accurate information on the spectral properties of individual emitters. This method enables a 5-fold higher emitter density while discriminating between fluorophores whose peak emissions are less than 15 nm apart. Our approach can find widespread use in single-molecule applications that rely on distinguishing spectrally different fluorophores under low photon conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen J. A. Martens
- Laboratory
of Biophysics, Wageningen University and
Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Gobes
- Laboratory
of Biophysics, Wageningen University and
Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanouil Archontakis
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
(ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Roger R. Brillas
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
(ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Niels Zijlstra
- Laboratory
of Biophysics, Wageningen University and
Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
(ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Nanoscopy
for Nanomedicine, Institute for Bioengineering
of Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johannes Hohlbein
- Laboratory
of Biophysics, Wageningen University and
Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Microspectroscopy
Research Facility, Wageningen University
and Research, Stippeneng
4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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6
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Lepinay SG, Nijveld R, Velikov KP, Shahidzadeh N. NaCl Crystals as Carriers for Micronutrient Delivery. ACS Omega 2022; 7:28955-28961. [PMID: 36033721 PMCID: PMC9404490 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency leading to anemia is one of the most severe and important nutritional deficiencies in the world today. To combat this deficiency, the fortification of food products with iron is a natural way to increase the global iron uptake. Here, we report a novel strategy for iron encapsulation in NaCl crystals via microscopic inclusions containing dissolved iron salt. The liquid inclusions embedded in the crystal insulate the reactive iron salts from their environment while assuring that iron is in a soluble and bioavailable form. While the size distribution of inclusions remains independent of the evaporation conditions, their density increases during crystallization at lower relative humidity. Using Raman confocal microspectroscopy, we have been able to analyze the morphology, length/thickness ratio, of inclusions and show that inclusions evolve toward a plate-like structure with the increase in size. By growing a pure NaCl shell around the iron-containing NaCl crystals, the stability of the composite crystals can be even further enhanced. The role of halite crystals as a carrier for iron fortification opens the way for the delivery of other types of micronutrients by including them in table salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon
E. G. Lepinay
- Van
der Waals-Zeeman Institute (WZI), Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Raymond Nijveld
- Nouryon
Specialty Chemicals, Zutphenseweg 10, 7418 AJ Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Krassimir P. Velikov
- Van
der Waals-Zeeman Institute (WZI), Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Unilever
Innovation Centre Wageningen, Bronland 14, 6708 WH Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Soft
Condensed Matter, Debye Institute of Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Noushine Shahidzadeh
- Van
der Waals-Zeeman Institute (WZI), Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
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7
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Mollaei M, Suarez-Diez M, Sedano-Nunez VT, Boeren S, Stams AJM, Plugge CM. Proteomic Analysis of a Syntrophic Coculture of Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans MPOB T and Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA T. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:708911. [PMID: 34950111 PMCID: PMC8691401 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.708911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We established a syntrophic coculture of Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans MPOBT (SF) and Geobacter sulfurreducens PCAT (GS) growing on propionate and Fe(III). Neither of the bacteria was capable of growth on propionate and Fe(III) in pure culture. Propionate degradation by SF provides acetate, hydrogen, and/or formate that can be used as electron donors by GS with Fe(III) citrate as electron acceptor. Proteomic analyses of the SF-GS coculture revealed propionate conversion via the methylmalonyl-CoA (MMC) pathway by SF. The possibility of interspecies electron transfer (IET) via direct (DIET) and/or hydrogen/formate transfer (HFIT) was investigated by comparing the differential abundance of associated proteins in SF-GS coculture against (i) SF coculture with Methanospirillum hungatei (SF-MH), which relies on HFIT, (ii) GS pure culture growing on acetate, formate, hydrogen as propionate products, and Fe(III). We noted some evidence for DIET in the SF-GS coculture, i.e., GS in the coculture showed significantly lower abundance of uptake hydrogenase (43-fold) and formate dehydrogenase (45-fold) and significantly higher abundance of proteins related to acetate metabolism (i.e., GltA; 62-fold) compared to GS pure culture. Moreover, SF in the SF-GS coculture showed significantly lower abundance of IET-related formate dehydrogenases, Fdh3 (51-fold) and Fdh5 (29-fold), and the rate of propionate conversion in SF-GS was 8-fold lower than in the SF-MH coculture. In contrast, compared to GS pure culture, we found lower abundance of pilus-associated cytochrome OmcS (2-fold) and piliA (5-fold) in the SF-GS coculture that is suggested to be necessary for DIET. Furthermore, neither visible aggregates formed in the SF-GS coculture, nor the pili-E of SF (suggested as e-pili) were detected. These findings suggest that the IET mechanism is complex in the SF-GS coculture and can be mediated by several mechanisms rather than one discrete pathway. Our study can be further useful in understanding syntrophic propionate degradation in bioelectrochemical and anaerobic digestion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monir Mollaei
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Maria Suarez-Diez
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Sjef Boeren
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Alfons J. M. Stams
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Caroline M. Plugge
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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8
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Patinios C, Creutzburg SCA, Arifah AQ, Adiego-Pérez B, Gyimah E, Ingham C, Kengen SWM, van der Oost J, Staals RHJ. Streamlined CRISPR genome engineering in wild-type bacteria using SIBR-Cas. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:11392-11404. [PMID: 34614191 PMCID: PMC8565351 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas is a powerful tool for genome editing in bacteria. However, its efficacy is dependent on host factors (such as DNA repair pathways) and/or exogenous expression of recombinases. In this study, we mitigated these constraints by developing a simple and widely applicable genome engineering tool for bacteria which we termed SIBR-Cas (Self-splicing Intron-Based Riboswitch-Cas). SIBR-Cas was generated from a mutant library of the theophylline-dependent self-splicing T4 td intron that allows for tight and inducible control over CRISPR-Cas counter-selection. This control delays CRISPR-Cas counter-selection, granting more time for the editing event (e.g. by homologous recombination) to occur. Without the use of exogenous recombinases, SIBR-Cas was successfully applied to knock-out several genes in three wild-type bacteria species (Escherichia coli MG1655, Pseudomonas putida KT2440 and Flavobacterium IR1) with poor homologous recombination systems. Compared to other genome engineering tools, SIBR-Cas is simple, tightly regulated and widely applicable for most (non-model) bacteria. Furthermore, we propose that SIBR can have a wider application as a simple gene expression and gene regulation control mechanism for any gene or RNA of interest in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Patinios
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd C A Creutzburg
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adini Q Arifah
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Belén Adiego-Pérez
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Evans A Gyimah
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Colin J Ingham
- Hoekmine Besloten Vennootschap, Kenniscentrum Technologie en Innovatie, Hogeschool Utrecht, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Servé W M Kengen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - John van der Oost
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond H J Staals
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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9
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de Vos CJ, Hennen WHGJ, van Roermund HJW, Dhollander S, Fischer EAJ, de Koeijer AA. Assessing the introduction risk of vector-borne animal diseases for the Netherlands using MINTRISK: A Model for INTegrated RISK assessment. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259466. [PMID: 34727138 PMCID: PMC8562800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate and compare the risk of emerging vector-borne diseases (VBDs), a Model for INTegrated RISK assessment, MINTRISK, was developed to assess the introduction risk of VBDs for new regions in an objective, transparent and repeatable manner. MINTRISK is a web-based calculation tool, that provides semi-quantitative risk scores that can be used for prioritization purposes. Input into MINTRISK is entered by answering questions regarding entry, transmission, establishment, spread, persistence and impact of a selected VBD. Answers can be chosen from qualitative answer categories with accompanying quantitative explanation to ensure consistent answering. The quantitative information is subsequently used as input for the model calculations to estimate the risk for each individual step in the model and for the summarizing output values (rate of introduction; epidemic size; overall risk). The risk assessor can indicate his uncertainty on each answer, and this is accounted for by Monte Carlo simulation. MINTRISK was used to assess the risk of four VBDs (African horse sickness, epizootic haemorrhagic disease, Rift Valley fever, and West Nile fever) for the Netherlands with the aim to prioritise these diseases for preparedness. Results indicated that the overall risk estimate was very high for all evaluated diseases but epizootic haemorrhagic disease. Uncertainty intervals were, however, wide limiting the options for ranking of the diseases. Risk profiles of the VBDs differed. Whereas all diseases were estimated to have a very high economic impact once introduced, the estimated introduction rates differed from low for Rift Valley fever and epizootic haemorrhagic disease to moderate for African horse sickness and very high for West Nile fever. Entry of infected mosquitoes on board of aircraft was deemed the most likely route of introduction for West Nile fever into the Netherlands, followed by entry of infected migratory birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clazien J. de Vos
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Wil H. G. J. Hennen
- Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University & Research, Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Egil A. J. Fischer
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Aline A. de Koeijer
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
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10
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Harvey CA, Pritts AA, Zwetsloot MJ, Jansen K, Pulleman MM, Armbrecht I, Avelino J, Barrera JF, Bunn C, García JH, Isaza C, Munoz-Ucros J, Pérez-Alemán CJ, Rahn E, Robiglio V, Somarriba E, Valencia V. Transformation of coffee-growing landscapes across Latin America. A review. Agron Sustain Dev 2021; 41:62. [PMID: 34484434 PMCID: PMC8406019 DOI: 10.1007/s13593-021-00712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In Latin America, the cultivation of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) plays a critical role in rural livelihoods, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable development. Over the last 20 years, coffee farms and landscapes across the region have undergone rapid and profound biophysical changes in response to low coffee prices, changing climatic conditions, severe plant pathogen outbreaks, and other drivers. Although these biophysical transformations are pervasive and affect millions of rural livelihoods, there is limited information on the types, location, and extent of landscape changes and their socioeconomic and ecological consequences. Here we review the state of knowledge on the ongoing biophysical changes in coffee-growing regions, explore the potential socioeconomic and ecological impacts of these changes, and highlight key research gaps. We identify seven major land-use trends which are affecting the sustainability of coffee-growing regions across Latin America in different ways. These trends include (1) the widespread shift to disease-resistant cultivars, (2) the conventional intensification of coffee management with greater planting densities, greater use of agrochemicals and less shade, (3) the conversion of coffee to other agricultural land uses, (4) the introduction of Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) into areas not previously cultivated with coffee, (5) the expansion of coffee into forested areas, (6) the urbanization of coffee landscapes, and (7) the increase in the area of coffee produced under voluntary sustainability standards. Our review highlights the incomplete and scattered information on the drivers, patterns, and outcomes of biophysical changes in coffee landscapes, and lays out a detailed research agenda to address these research gaps and elucidate the effects of different landscape trajectories on rural livelihoods, biodiversity conservation, and other aspects of sustainable development. A better understanding of the drivers, patterns, and consequences of changes in coffee landscapes is vital for informing the design of policies, programs, and incentives for sustainable coffee production. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13593-021-00712-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia A. Harvey
- Monteverde Institute, Apdo.69-5655, Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
| | - Alyssa A. Pritts
- Farming Systems Ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marie J. Zwetsloot
- Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Jansen
- Rural Sociology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam M. Pulleman
- Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- The International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, AA 6713, 763537 Cali, Colombia
| | - Inge Armbrecht
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 # 100-00 ed, 320 Cali, Colombia
| | - Jacques Avelino
- CIRAD, UMR PHIM, San José, Costa Rica
- PHIM, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Program of Agriculture, Livestock and Agroforestry, CATIE, Turrialba, 7170 Costa Rica
- IICA, 2200 Coronado, San José, AP 55 Costa Rica
| | - Juan F. Barrera
- Arthropod Ecology and Pest Management Group, Department of Agriculture, Society and Environment, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5, 30700 Tapachula, Chiapas Mexico
| | - Christian Bunn
- The International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, AA 6713, 763537 Cali, Colombia
- University of Göttingen, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 5, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Javier Hoyos García
- Parque Tecnológico de Innovación TECNiCAFÉ, Cra 17 # 48 N 18 Casa 53 Conjunto Cerrado Entrepinos, Popayán, Cauca Colombia
| | - Carlos Isaza
- Programa de Café para Solidaridad en Colombia, Solidaridad, Calle 43 N, °23-78 Manizales, Colombia
| | - Juana Munoz-Ucros
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 236 Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Carlos J. Pérez-Alemán
- Fundación Solidaridad Latinoamericana, Calle Evelio Lara No. 131-B, Ciudad del Saber, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Eric Rahn
- The International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, AA 6713, 763537 Cali, Colombia
| | - Valentina Robiglio
- World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), c/o CIP, Av. La Molina 1895, P.O Box 1558, 12 Lima, Peru
| | - Eduardo Somarriba
- Program of Agriculture, Livestock and Agroforestry, CATIE, Turrialba, 7170 Costa Rica
| | - Vivian Valencia
- Farming Systems Ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Palakawong Na Ayudthaya S, van der Oost H, van der Oost J, van Vliet DM, Plugge CM. Microbial Diversity and Organic Acid Production of Guinea Pig Faecal Samples. Curr Microbiol 2019; 76:425-434. [PMID: 30747258 PMCID: PMC6427046 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) or cavy is a grass-eating rodent. Its main diet consists of grass or hay, which comprises cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and their derivatives. Here, the microbial diversity of faecal samples of two guinea pigs and microbial enrichments made with substrates, including starch waste and dried grass, were investigated along with organic acid production profiles. The microbial communities of the faecal samples were dominated by the phyla Bacteroidetes (40%) and Firmicutes (36%). Bacteroidales S24-7 (11% in Cavy 1 and 21% in Cavy 2) was the most abundant order. At genus level, many microorganisms remained unclassified. Different carbon sources were used for organic acid production in faecal enrichments. The dominant bacterial groups in the secondary enrichments with dried grass, starch waste and xylose were closely related to Prevotella and Blautia. Acetate was the predominant organic acid from all enrichments. The organic acid production profiles corresponded to a mixed acid fermentation but differed depending on the substrate. Eight phylogenetically different isolates were obtained, including a novel Streptococcus species, strain Cavy grass 6. This strain had a low abundance (1%) in one of the faecal samples but was enriched in the dried grass enrichment (3%). Cavy grass 6, a fast-growing heterolactic bacterium, ferments cellobiose to lactate, acetate, formate and ethanol. Our results show that cavy faecal samples can be applied as microbial source for organic acid production from complex organic substrates. The cavy gut contains many as-yet-uncultivated bacteria which may be appropriate targets for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susakul Palakawong Na Ayudthaya
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, 35 Mu 3 Technopolis, Khlong Ha, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12110, Thailand.
| | - Hans van der Oost
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - John van der Oost
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan M van Vliet
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline M Plugge
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Paupière MJ, Tikunov YM, Firon N, de Vos RCH, Maliepaard C, Visser RGF, Bovy AG. The effect of isolation methods of tomato pollen on the results of metabolic profiling. Metabolomics 2019; 15:11. [PMID: 30830456 PMCID: PMC6326007 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Untargeted metabolomics is a powerful tool to detect hundreds of metabolites within a given tissue and to compare the metabolite composition of samples in a comprehensive manner. However, with regard to pollen research such comprehensive metabolomics approaches are yet not well developed. To enable isolation of pollen that is tightly enclosed within the anthers of the flower, such as immature pollen, the current pollen isolation protocols require the use of a watery solution. These protocols raise a number of concerns for their suitability in metabolomics analyses, in view of possible metabolic activities in the pollen and contamination with anther metabolites. OBJECTIVES We assessed the effect of different sample preparation procedures currently used for pollen isolation for their suitability to perform metabolomics of tomato pollen. METHODS Pollen were isolated using different methods and the metabolic profiles were analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). RESULTS Our results demonstrated that pollen isolation in a watery solution led to (i) rehydration of the pollen grains, inducing marked metabolic changes in flavonoids, phenylpropanoids and amino acids and thus resulting in a metabolite profile that did not reflect the one of mature dry pollen, (ii) hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose during subsequent metabolite extraction, unless the isolated and rehydrated pollen were lyophilized prior to extraction, and (iii) contamination with anther-specific metabolites, such as alkaloids, thus compromising the metabolic purity of the pollen fraction. CONCLUSION We conclude that the current practices used to isolate pollen are suboptimal for metabolomics analyses and provide recommendations on how to improve the pollen isolation protocol, in order to obtain the most reliable metabolic profile from pollen tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine J Paupière
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yury M Tikunov
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nurit Firon
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Ric C H de Vos
- Bioscience, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Maliepaard
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G F Visser
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnaud G Bovy
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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van Walraven L, Driessen F, van Bleijswijk J, Bol A, Luttikhuizen PC, Coolen JWP, Bos OG, Gittenberger A, Schrieken N, Langenberg VT, van der Veer HW. Where are the polyps? Molecular identification, distribution and population differentiation of Aurelia aurita jellyfish polyps in the southern North Sea area. Mar Biol 2016; 163:172. [PMID: 27478251 PMCID: PMC4949292 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-016-2945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
For many species of metagenic jellyfish the location of the benthic polyps is unknown. To gain insight in the distribution, species composition and population structure of scyphozoan jellyfish polyps in the southern North Sea area, polyp samples were collected from natural and artificial substrates (settling plates, marina floats and wrecks) at ten inshore locations in the Netherlands, seven offshore locations in the North Sea and in the Gullmar Fjord in Sweden. Polyps were identified to species level by sequencing both a fragment of 18S rDNA and a fragment of mitochondrial COI, and comparing these sequences to reference sequences available in GenBank and to newly obtained sequences from medusae collected in the area. All polyps sequenced did belong to Aurelia aurita. For this species, molecular diversity in mitochondrial COI was high, with 50 haplotypes among 183 polyps. Population differentiation was detected between the Dogger Bank and other-more coastal-locations, indicating extremely low connectivity. No significant differences were found between coastal samples. The location of polyps of Cyanea capillata, Cyanea lamarckii, Chrysaora hysoscella and Rhizostoma octopus in the study area remains unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lodewijk van Walraven
- Department of Coastal Systems and Utrecht University, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Floor Driessen
- Department of Coastal Systems and Utrecht University, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Judith van Bleijswijk
- Department of Marine Microbiology, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke Bol
- Department of Coastal Systems and Utrecht University, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Pieternella C. Luttikhuizen
- Department of Coastal Systems and Utrecht University, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Joop W. P. Coolen
- Department of Ecosystems, IMARES Wageningen UR – Institute for Marine Resource and Ecosystem Studies, PO Box 167, 1790 AD Den Burg, The Netherlands
- Chair group Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen UR, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar G. Bos
- Department of Ecosystems, IMARES Wageningen UR – Institute for Marine Resource and Ecosystem Studies, PO Box 167, 1790 AD Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan Gittenberger
- GiMaRIS, J.H. Oortweg 21, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology Leiden (IBL), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9516, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Marine Zoology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Schrieken
- BiOrganized, Grenadiersweg 8, 3902 JC Veenendaal, The Netherlands
- ANEMOON Foundation, P.O. Box 29, 2120 AA Bennebroek, The Netherlands
| | | | - Henk W. van der Veer
- Department of Coastal Systems and Utrecht University, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
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Bikker P, van Krimpen MM, van Wikselaar P, Houweling-Tan B, Scaccia N, van Hal JW, Huijgen WJJ, Cone JW, López-Contreras AM. Biorefinery of the green seaweed Ulva lactuca to produce animal feed, chemicals and biofuels. J Appl Phycol 2016; 28:3511-3525. [PMID: 28035175 PMCID: PMC5155021 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-016-0842-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The growing world population demands an increase in animal protein production. Seaweed may be a valuable source of protein for animal feed. However, a biorefinery approach aimed at cascading valorisation of both protein and non-protein seaweed constituents is required to realise an economically feasible value chain. In this study, such a biorefinery approach is presented for the green seaweed Ulva lactuca containing 225 g protein (N × 4.6) kg-1 dry matter (DM). The sugars in the biomass were solubilised by hot water treatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis and centrifugation resulting in a sugar-rich hydrolysate (38.8 g L-1 sugars) containing glucose, rhamnose and xylose, and a protein-enriched (343 g kg-1 in DM) extracted fraction. This extracted fraction was characterised for use in animal feed, as compared to U. lactuca biomass. Based on the content of essential amino acids and the in vitro N (85 %) and organic matter (90 %) digestibility, the extracted fraction seems a promising protein source in diets for monogastric animals with improved characteristics as compared to the intact U. lactuca. The gas production test indicated a moderate rumen fermentation of U. lactuca and the extracted fraction, about similar to that of alfalfa. Reduction of the high content of minerals and trace elements may be required to allow a high inclusion level of U. lactuca products in animal diets. The hydrolysate was used successfully for the production of acetone, butanol, ethanol and 1,2-propanediol by clostridial fermentation, and the rhamnose fermentation pattern was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bikker
- Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus M. van Krimpen
- Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Piet van Wikselaar
- Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bwee Houweling-Tan
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nazareno Scaccia
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap W. van Hal
- Biomass & Energy Efficiency, Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Westerduinweg 3, 1755 LE Petten, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J. J. Huijgen
- Biomass & Energy Efficiency, Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Westerduinweg 3, 1755 LE Petten, The Netherlands
| | - John W. Cone
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ana M. López-Contreras
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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