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Yang Q, Fan XL, Du Z, Tian CM. Diaporthosporellaceae, a novel family of Diaporthales (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota). MYCOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Diversity of cultivable fungal endophytes in Paullinia cupana (Mart.) Ducke and bioactivity of their secondary metabolites. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195874. [PMID: 29649297 PMCID: PMC5897019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paullinia cupana is associated with a diverse community of pathogenic and endophytic microorganisms. We isolated and identified endophytic fungal communities from the roots and seeds of P. cupana genotypes susceptible and tolerant to anthracnose that grow in two sites of the Brazilian Amazonia forest. We assessed the antibacterial, antitumor and genotoxic activity in vitro of compounds isolated from the strains Trichoderma asperellum (1BDA) and Diaporthe phaseolorum (8S). In concert, we identified eight fungal species not previously reported as endophytes; some fungal species capable of inhibiting pathogen growth; and the production of antibiotics and compounds with bacteriostatic activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in both susceptible and multiresistant host strains. The plant genotype, geographic location and specially the organ influenced the composition of P. cupana endophytic fungal community. Together, our findings identify important functional roles of endophytic species found within the microbiome of P. cupana. This hypothesis requires experimental validation to propose management of this microbiome with the objective of promoting plant growth and protection.
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Fungal diversity notes 709–839: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa with an emphasis on fungi on Rosaceae. FUNGAL DIVERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-018-0395-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Chethana KWT, Zhou Y, Zhang W, Liu M, Xing QK, Li XH, Yan JY, Chethana KWT, Hyde KD. Coniella vitis sp. nov. Is the Common Pathogen of White Rot in Chinese Vineyards. PLANT DISEASE 2017; 101:2123-2136. [PMID: 30677388 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-16-1741-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Grape white rot is a common disease and causes considerable yield losses in many grape-growing regions when environmental conditions are favorable. We surveyed grape white rot in five provinces in China and collected 27 isolates from diseased grape tissues. Multigene phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), the 28S large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA (LSU), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (TEF 1-α), and partial histone 3 gene (HIS), coupled with genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition and morphological observations, revealed that Coniella vitis sp. nov. and C. diplodiella are the causal agents of grape white rot in China. Koch's postulates were performed on Vitis vinifera cv. Summer Black in a greenhouse. These results confirmed the pathogenicity on grapes, as symptoms were reproduced, and also indicated significant variations in the virulence among C. vitis isolates. This work provides evidence that C. vitis is the main pathogen of grape white rot in China and also provides an optimized multigene backbone for resolving Coniella species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W T Chethana
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing 100097, China
| | - W Zhang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing 100097, China
| | - M Liu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Q K Xing
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing 100097, China
| | - X H Li
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing 100097, China
| | - J Y Yan
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing 100097, China
| | - K W T Chethana
- Centre of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - K D Hyde
- Centre of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
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Raudabaugh DB, Iturriaga T, Carver A, Mondo S, Pangilinan J, Lipzen A, He G, Amirebrahimi M, Grigoriev IV, Miller AN. Coniella lustricola, a new species from submerged detritus. Mycol Prog 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-017-1337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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56
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Walker DM, Smouse PE, Reginato M, Struwe L. Cladal divergence in fungal Ophiognomonia (Gnomoniaceae: Diaporthales) shows evidence of climatic niche vicariance. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Mantooth K, Hadziabdic D, Boggess S, Windham M, Miller S, Cai G, Spatafora J, Zhang N, Staton M, Ownley B, Trigiano R. Confirmation of independent introductions of an exotic plant pathogen of Cornus species, Discula destructiva, on the east and west coasts of North America. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180345. [PMID: 28746379 PMCID: PMC5528261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornus florida (flowering dogwood) and C. nuttallii (Pacific dogwood) are North American native tree species that belong to the big-bracted group of dogwoods. Cornus species are highly valued for their ornamental characteristics, and have fruits that contain high fat content for animals. Also, they are an important understory tree in natural forests. Dogwood anthracnose, caused by Discula destructiva, was observed in the late 1970s on the east and west coasts of the United States and by 1991 had quickly spread throughout most of the native ranges of C. florida and C. nuttalli. We investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of 93 D. destructiva isolates using 47 microsatellite loci developed from the sequenced genome of the type strain of D. destructiva. Clone-corrected data indicated low genetic diversity and the presence of four genetic clusters that corresponded to two major geographic areas, the eastern United States and the Pacific Northwest, and to the two collection time periods when the isolates were collected (pre- and post-1993). Linkage disequilibrium was present in five out of six subpopulations, suggesting that the fungus only reproduced asexually. Evidence of population bottlenecks was indicated across four identified genetic clusters, and was probably the result of the limited number of founding individuals on both coasts. These results support the hypothesis that D. destructiva is an exotic pathogen with independent introductions on the east and west coasts of North America. We also tested the cross-amplification of these microsatellite primers to other Discula species. Genomic DNA from 17 isolates of four other Discula species and two isolates of Juglanconis species (formerly Melanconis species) were amplified by 17 of 47 primer pairs. These primers may be useful for investigating the genetic diversity and population structure of these Discula species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie Mantooth
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Denita Hadziabdic
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Sarah Boggess
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Mark Windham
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Stephen Miller
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- APHIS PPQ, Linden, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Guohong Cai
- Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Joseph Spatafora
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Meg Staton
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Bonnie Ownley
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Robert Trigiano
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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59
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Senanayake I, Crous P, Groenewald J, Maharachchikumbura S, Jeewon R, Phillips A, Bhat J, Perera R, Li Q, Li W, Tangthirasunun N, Norphanphoun C, Karunarathna S, Camporesi E, Manawasighe I, Al-Sadi A, Hyde K. Families of Diaporthales based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence. Stud Mycol 2017; 86:217-296. [PMID: 28947840 PMCID: PMC5603113 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diaporthales is an important ascomycetous order comprising phytopathogenic, saprobic, and endophytic fungi, but interfamilial taxonomic relationships are still ambiguous. Despite its cosmopolitan distribution and high diversity with distinctive morphologies, this order has received relativelyiaceae, Macrohilaceae, Melanconidaceae, Pseudoplagiostomaceae, Schizoparmaceae, Stilbosporaceae and Sydowiellaceae. Taxonomic uncertainties among genera are also clarified and recurrent discrepancies in the taxonomic position of families within the Diaporthales are discussed. An updated outline and key to families and genera of the order is presented.
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Key Words
- & K.D. Hyde
- Apiosporopsidaceae Senan. Maharachch. & K.D. Hyde
- Apoharknessiaceae Senan. Maharachch. & K.D. Hyde
- Asterosporiaceae Senan. Maharachch. & K.D. Hyde
- Auratiopycnidiellaceae Senan. Maharachch. & K.D. Hyde
- Camporesi
- Camporesi & K.D. Hyde
- Chiangraiomyces Senan. & K.D. Hyde
- Chiangraiomyces bauhiniae Senan. & K.D. Hyde
- Coniella pseudokoreana Senan., Tangthir. & K.D. Hyde
- Coryneum arausiaca (Fabre) Senan., Maharachch. & K.D. Hyde
- Cytospora centrivillosa Senan., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde
- Cytospora fraxinigena Senan., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde
- Cytospora junipericola Senan., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde
- Cytospora quercicola Senan., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde
- Cytospora rosae Senan., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde
- Diaporthe litoricola Senan., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde
- Ditopella biseptata R.H. Perera, Senan., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde
- Erythrogloeaceae Senan. Maharachch. & K.D. Hyde
- Gnomoniopsis agrimoniae Senan., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde
- Hyaliappendispora Senan.
- Hyaliappendispora galii Senan., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde
- Marsupiomyces Senan. & K.D. Hyde
- Marsupiomyces epidermoidea R.H. Perera, Senan., Bulgakov & K.D. Hyde
- Marsupiomyces quercina Senan., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde
- Melanconiellaceae Senan. Maharachch. & K.D. Hyde
- Melanconis italica Senan., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde
- Microascospora Senan.
- Microascospora fragariae (F. Stevens & Peterson) Senan., Maharachch. & K.D. Hyde
- Microascospora rubi Senan., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde
- Multi-gene DNA phylogeny
- New taxonomic arrangement
- Paradiaporthe Senan.
- Paradiaporthe artemisiae Senan., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde
- Phaeoappendicospora Senan., Q.R. Li & K.D. Hyde
- Phaeoappendicospora thailandensis Senan., Q.R. Li & K.D. Hyde
- Phytopathogenic fungi
- Plagiostoma jonesii Senan., & K.D. Hyde
- Plagiostoma salicicola Senan., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde
- Prosopidicolaceae Senan. & K.D. Hyde
- Sordariomycetes
- Sydowiella urticicola Senan., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde
- Systematics
- Tubakia thailandensis Senan., Tangthir., K.D. Hyde
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Affiliation(s)
- I.C. Senanayake
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- East and Central Asia, World Agroforestry Centre, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- Center of Excellence for Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S.S.N. Maharachchikumbura
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al-Khod 123, Oman
| | - R. Jeewon
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, 80837, Mauritius
| | - A.J.L. Phillips
- Faculty of Sciences, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J.D. Bhat
- Department of Botany, Goa University, Goa 403 206, India
- No. 128/1-J, Azad Housing Society, Curca, P.O. Goa Velha 403108, India
| | - R.H. Perera
- Center of Excellence for Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Q.R. Li
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - W.J. Li
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- East and Central Asia, World Agroforestry Centre, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- Center of Excellence for Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - N. Tangthirasunun
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut des Energies de Demain (IED), Paris 75205, France
- Univ Paris Sud, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, UMR8621, Orsay 91405, France
| | - C. Norphanphoun
- Center of Excellence for Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - S.C. Karunarathna
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- East and Central Asia, World Agroforestry Centre, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - E. Camporesi
- A.M.B. Gruppo Micologico Forlivese, Antonio Cicognani, Via Roma 18, Forlì, Italy
- A.M.B. Circolo Micologico, Giovanni Carini, 314 Brescia, Italy
- Società per gliStudiNaturalisticidella Romagna, 144 Bagnacavallo, RA, Italy
| | - I.S. Manawasighe
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 9 of ShuGuangHuaYuanZhongLu, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - A.M. Al-Sadi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al-Khod 123, Oman
| | - K.D. Hyde
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- East and Central Asia, World Agroforestry Centre, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- Center of Excellence for Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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Vasilyeva LN, Rossman AY, Farr DF. New species of the Diaporthales from eastern Asia and eastern North America. Mycologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2007.11832523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa N. Vasilyeva
- Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | | | - David F. Farr
- Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
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61
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Kruys Å, Castlebury LA. Molecular phylogeny of Sydowiellaceae—resolving the position of Cainiella. Mycologia 2017; 104:419-26. [DOI: 10.3852/11-163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Kruys
- Systematic Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lisa A. Castlebury
- Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
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62
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Walker DM, Castlebury LA, Rossman AY, Sogonov MV, White JF. Systematics of genus Gnomoniopsis (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales) based on a three gene phylogeny, host associations and morphology. Mycologia 2017; 102:1479-96. [DOI: 10.3852/10-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donald M. Walker
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, and Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
| | | | - Amy Y. Rossman
- Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
| | - Mikhail V. Sogonov
- EMSL Analytical Inc., 10768 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
| | - James F. White
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
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Luo Y, Gu S, Felts D, Puckett RD, Morgan DP, Michailides TJ. Development of qPCR systems to quantify shoot infections by canker-causing pathogens in stone fruits and nut crops. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 122:416-428. [PMID: 27862716 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To develop real-time PCR assays for quantification of shoot infection levels of canker disease of stone fruits and nut crops caused by six fungal pathogen groups. METHODS AND RESULTS This study focused on six major canker-causing fungal pathogen groups: Phomopsis sp., Botryosphaeria dothidea, Lasiodiplodia sp., Cytospora sp., Neofusicoccum sp. and Diplodia sp., occurring in stone fruits and nut crops in California. DNA primers were designed to specifically target each of the six pathogen groups after the specificity tests using canker-causing and non-canker-causing pathogens and by using DNA sequences of other species from GenBank using blast. The quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) systems were developed and used to quantify the infection levels of inoculated dried plum shoots. CONCLUSIONS For Neofusicoccum sp. and Phomopsis sp., which were used in inoculation of walnut shoots, the values of the molecular severity ranged from 5·60 to 6·94 during the 16 days of latent infection period. The qPCR assays were more efficient, accurate and precise to quantify latent infections caused by canker-causing pathogens as compared to the traditional plating methods. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study demonstrated the potential of using the developed qPCR systems for epidemiological studies on canker diseases of woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Luo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA, USA
| | - S Gu
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA, USA
| | - D Felts
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA, USA
| | - R D Puckett
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA, USA
| | - D P Morgan
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA, USA
| | - T J Michailides
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA, USA
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64
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Dos Santos TT, de Souza Leite T, de Queiroz CB, de Araújo EF, Pereira OL, de Queiroz MV. High genetic variability in endophytic fungi from the genus Diaporthe isolated from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Brazil. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:388-401. [PMID: 26541097 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The goals of the present study were to identify, to analyse the phylogenetic relations and to evaluate the genetic variability in Diaporthe endophytic isolates from common bean. METHODS AND RESULTS Diaporthe sp., D. infecunda and D. phaseolorum strains were identified using multilocus phylogeny (rDNA ITS region; EF1-α, β-tubulin, and calmodulin genes). IRAP (Inter-Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism) and REMAP (Retrotransposon-Microsatellite Amplified Polymorphism) molecular markers reveal the existence of high genetic variability, especially among D. infecunda isolates. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that the multilocus phylogenetic approach was more effective than individual analysis of ITS sequences, in identifying the isolates to species level, and that IRAP and REMAP markers can be used for studying the genetic variability in the genus Diaporthe particularly at the intraspecific level. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The combined use of molecular tools such as multilocus phylogenetic approach and molecular markers, as performed in this study, is the best way to distinguish endophytic strains of Diaporthe isolated from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Dos Santos
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | - T de Souza Leite
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - C B de Queiroz
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - E F de Araújo
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - O L Pereira
- Department of Phytopathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - M V de Queiroz
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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3-Nitropropionic acid production by the endophytic Diaporthe citri: Molecular taxonomy, chemical characterization, and quantification under pH variation. Fungal Biol 2016; 120:1600-1608. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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66
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Heilmann-Clausen J, Maruyama PK, Bruun HH, Dimitrov D, Laessøe T, Frøslev TG, Dalsgaard B. Citizen science data reveal ecological, historical and evolutionary factors shaping interactions between woody hosts and wood-inhabiting fungi. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 212:1072-1082. [PMID: 27659274 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Woody plants host diverse communities of associated organisms, including wood-inhabiting fungi. In this group, host effects on species richness and interaction network structure are not well understood, especially not at large geographical scales. We investigated ecological, historical and evolutionary determinants of fungal species richness and network modularity, that is, subcommunity structure, across woody hosts in Denmark, using a citizen science data set comprising > 80 000 records of > 1000 fungal species on 91 genera of woody plants. Fungal species richness was positively related to host size, wood pH, and the number of species in the host genus, with limited influence of host frequency and host history, that is, time since host establishment in the area. Modularity patterns were unaffected by host history, but largely reflected host phylogeny. Notably, fungal communities differed substantially between angiosperm and gymnosperm hosts. Host traits and evolutionary history appear to be more important than host frequency and recent history in structuring interactions between hosts and wood-inhabiting fungi. High wood acidity appears to act as a stress factor reducing fungal species richness, while large host size, providing increased niche diversity, enhances it. In some fungal groups that are known to interact with live host cells in the establishment phase, host selectivity is common, causing a modular community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Heilmann-Clausen
- Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Pietro K Maruyama
- Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Cx. Postal 6109, Campinas, SP, CEP: 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Hans Henrik Bruun
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Dimitar Dimitrov
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172 Blindern, Oslo, NO-0318, Norway
| | - Thomas Laessøe
- Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Tobias Guldberg Frøslev
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1350, Denmark
| | - Bo Dalsgaard
- Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
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Contribution to the phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Taeniolella, with a focus on lichenicolous taxa. Fungal Biol 2016; 120:1416-1447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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68
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Hyde KD, Hongsanan S, Jeewon R, Bhat DJ, McKenzie EHC, Jones EBG, Phookamsak R, Ariyawansa HA, Boonmee S, Zhao Q, Abdel-Aziz FA, Abdel-Wahab MA, Banmai S, Chomnunti P, Cui BK, Daranagama DA, Das K, Dayarathne MC, de Silva NI, Dissanayake AJ, Doilom M, Ekanayaka AH, Gibertoni TB, Góes-Neto A, Huang SK, Jayasiri SC, Jayawardena RS, Konta S, Lee HB, Li WJ, Lin CG, Liu JK, Lu YZ, Luo ZL, Manawasinghe IS, Manimohan P, Mapook A, Niskanen T, Norphanphoun C, Papizadeh M, Perera RH, Phukhamsakda C, Richter C, de A. Santiago ALCM, Drechsler-Santos ER, Senanayake IC, Tanaka K, Tennakoon TMDS, Thambugala KM, Tian Q, Tibpromma S, Thongbai B, Vizzini A, Wanasinghe DN, Wijayawardene NN, Wu HX, Yang J, Zeng XY, Zhang H, Zhang JF, Bulgakov TS, Camporesi E, Bahkali AH, Amoozegar MA, Araujo-Neta LS, Ammirati JF, Baghela A, Bhatt RP, Bojantchev D, Buyck B, da Silva GA, de Lima CLF, de Oliveira RJV, de Souza CAF, Dai YC, Dima B, Duong TT, Ercole E, Mafalda-Freire F, Ghosh A, Hashimoto A, Kamolhan S, Kang JC, Karunarathna SC, Kirk PM, Kytövuori I, Lantieri A, Liimatainen K, Liu ZY, Liu XZ, Lücking R, Medardi G, Mortimer PE, Nguyen TTT, Promputtha I, Raj KNA, Reck MA, Lumyong S, Shahzadeh-Fazeli SA, Stadler M, Soudi MR, Su HY, Takahashi T, Tangthirasunun N, Uniyal P, Wang Y, Wen TC, Xu JC, Zhang ZK, Zhao YC, Zhou JL, Zhu L. Fungal diversity notes 367–490: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. FUNGAL DIVERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-016-0373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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69
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Alvarez L, Groenewald J, Crous P. Revising the Schizoparmaceae: Coniella and its synonyms Pilidiella and Schizoparme. Stud Mycol 2016; 85:1-34. [PMID: 27766001 PMCID: PMC5066162 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The asexual genera Coniella (1918) and Pilidiella (1927), including their sexual morphs in Schizoparme (1923), have a cosmopolitan distribution and are associated with foliar, fruit, leaf, stem and root diseases on a wide variety of hosts. Species of these genera sometimes occur as secondary invaders of plant tissues infected by other organisms or that are injured by other causes. Several studies published over the last few decades had conflicting ideas as to whether Coniella, Pilidiella and Schizoparme should be regarded as synonymous or as separate genera. The present study aims to resolve the generic classification of these genera through phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated alignment of partial LSU nrDNA, rpb2, ITS nrDNA and tef1 sequence data of 117 isolates, combined with their morphology. Results revealed that all strains cluster in a single well-supported clade. Conidial colour, traditionally the distinguishing character between Coniella and Pilidiella, evolved multiple times throughout the clade, and is not a good character at generic level in Schizoparmaceae. The three genera should therefore be regarded as synonymous, with the older name Coniella having priority. Furthermore, this study delineated 13 new species, and new combinations were proposed for a further 15 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.V. Alvarez
- Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Santa Mesa, Manila, Philippines
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P.W. Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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70
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Shetty KG, Rivadeneira DV, Jayachandran K, Walker DM. Isolation and molecular characterization of the fungal endophytic microbiome from conventionally and organically grown avocado trees in South Florida. Mycol Prog 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-016-1219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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71
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Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, McKenzie EHC, Bhat JD, Dayarathne MC, Huang SK, Norphanphoun C, Senanayake IC, Perera RH, Shang QJ, Xiao Y, D’souza MJ, Hongsanan S, Jayawardena RS, Daranagama DA, Konta S, Goonasekara ID, Zhuang WY, Jeewon R, Phillips AJL, Abdel-Wahab MA, Al-Sadi AM, Bahkali AH, Boonmee S, Boonyuen N, Cheewangkoon R, Dissanayake AJ, Kang J, Li QR, Liu JK, Liu XZ, Liu ZY, Luangsa-ard JJ, Pang KL, Phookamsak R, Promputtha I, Suetrong S, Stadler M, Wen T, Wijayawardene NN. Families of Sordariomycetes. FUNGAL DIVERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-016-0369-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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72
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Complete Genome Sequence of the Endophytic Fungus Diaporthe (Phomopsis) ampelina. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/3/e00477-16. [PMID: 27257198 PMCID: PMC4891644 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00477-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Diaporthe ampelina was isolated as an endophytic fungus from the root of Commiphora wightii, a medicinal plant collected from Dhanvantri Vana, Bangalore University, Bangalore, India. The whole genome is 59 Mb, contains a total of 905 scaffolds, and has a G+C content of 51.74%. The genome sequence of D. ampelina shows a complete absence of lovastatin (an anticholesterol drug) gene cluster.
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73
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Rossman AY, Allen WC, Castlebury LA. New combinations of plant-associated fungi resulting from the change to one name for fungi. IMA Fungus 2016; 7:1-7. [PMID: 27433437 PMCID: PMC4941680 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.01.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In advancing to one scientific name for each fungus species, a number of name changes are required especially for plant-associated fungi. These include species names that are not in the correct genus. For example, the generic name Elsinoë is used for fungi causing scab diseases but a number of these species were described in the asexually typified genus Sphaceloma and must be placed in Elsinoë. In other cases species names were determined to be unrelated to the type species of the genus in which they are currently placed and are placed in a more appropriate genus. For each new name the history, rationale and importance of the name is discussed. The following new combinations are made: Acanthohelicospora aurea, A. scopula, Bifusella ahmadii, Botryobasidium capitatum, B. rubiginosum, Colletotrichum magnum, Crandallia acuminata, C. antarctica, Elsinoë arachadis, E. freyliniae, E. necator, E. perseae, E. poinsettiae, E. punicae, Entyloma gibbum, Harknessia farinosa, Passalora alocasiae, Protoventuria veronicae, Pseudocercosporella ranunculi, Psiloglonium stygium, Ramularia pseudomaculiformis, Seimatosporium tostum, Thielaviopsis radicicola combs. nov., and Venturia effusa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y. Rossman
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - W. Cavan Allen
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Lisa A. Castlebury
- Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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74
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Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Wanasinghe DN, Papizadeh M, Goonasekara ID, Camporesi E, Bhat DJ, McKenzie EHC, Phillips AJL, Diederich P, Tanaka K, Li WJ, Tangthirasunun N, Phookamsak R, Dai DQ, Dissanayake AJ, Weerakoon G, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hashimoto A, Matsumura M, Bahkali AH, Wang Y. Taxonomy and phylogeny of dematiaceous coelomycetes. FUNGAL DIVERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-016-0360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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75
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76
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan Rd, Shijingshan, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Lei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
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77
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The Faces of Fungi database: fungal names linked with morphology, phylogeny and human impacts. FUNGAL DIVERS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-015-0351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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78
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Patridge EV, Darnell A, Kucera K, Phillips GM, Bokesch HR, Gustafson KR, Spakowicz DJ, Zhou L, Hungerford WM, Plummer M, Hoyer D, Narvaez-Trujillo A, Phillips AJ, Strobel SA. Pyrrolocin A, a 3-Decalinoyltetramic Acid with Selective Biological Activity, Isolated from Amazonian Cultures of the Novel Endophyte Diaporthales sp. E6927E. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501001006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products remain an important source of new therapeutics for emerging drug-resistant pathogens like Candida albicans, which particularly affects immunocompromised patients. A bioactive 3-decalinoyltetramic acid, pyrrolocin A, was isolated from extracts of a novel Amazonian fungal endophyte, E6927E, of the Diaporthales family. The structure of the natural product was solved using NMR and CD spectroscopy and it is structurally related to the fungal setins, equisetin and phomasetin, which are well-characterized tetramic acid antibiotics specific for Gram-positive organisms. We show that the compound inhibits growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. It shows selective and potent bioactivity against fungal strains, with an MIC of 4 μg/mL for C. albicans, 100 μg/mL for Aspergillus sp. and greater than 100 μg/mL for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Further, the compound is less toxic to mammalian cells (IC50 = 150 μg/mL), with an inhibitory concentration greater than forty times that for C. albicans. Pyrrolocin A retained potent activity against eight out of seventeen strains of clinical Candida sp. isolates tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric V. Patridge
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT06516, USA
| | - Alicia Darnell
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kaury Kucera
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Gillian M. Phillips
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Heidi R. Bokesch
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kirk R. Gustafson
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Daniel J. Spakowicz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Linda Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Mark Plummer
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT06516, USA
| | - Denton Hoyer
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT06516, USA
| | | | | | - Scott A. Strobel
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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79
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Lawrence DP, Travadon R, Baumgartner K. Diversity of Diaporthe species associated with wood cankers of fruit and nut crops in northern California. Mycologia 2015; 107:926-40. [PMID: 26240309 DOI: 10.3852/14-353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Diaporthe ampelina, causal agent of Phomopsis cane and leaf spot of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is isolated frequently from grapevine wood cankers, causing Phomopsis dieback. The latter disease is associated with four other Diaporthe species, three of which also are reported from hosts other than grape. To better understand the role of this Diaporthe community in Phomopsis dieback of grapevine and the potential for infection routes among alternate hosts, 76 Diaporthe isolates were recovered from wood cankers of cultivated grape, pear, apricot, almond and the wild host willow in four California counties. Isolates were characterized morphologically and assigned to species based on multigene sequence analyses. This study identified eight Diaporthe species from grapevine and one novel taxon from willow, D. benedicti. We report the first findings of D. australafricana and D. novem in North America. Our findings also expand the host ranges of D. ambigua to apricot and willow, D. australafricana to almond and willow, D. chamaeropis to grapevine and willow, D. foeniculina to willow and D. novem to almond. The generalists D. ambigua and D. eres were the most genetically diverse species, based on high nucleotide and haplotypic diversity, followed by the grapevine specialist D. ampelina. Analyses based on multilocus linkage disequilibrium could not reject the hypothesis of random mating for D. ambigua, which is further supported by relatively high haplotypic diversity, reports of both mating types and reports of successful matings in vitro. Pathogenicity assays revealed that D. ampelina was the most pathogenic species to grapevine wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Lawrence
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Renaud Travadon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Kendra Baumgartner
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Davis, California 95616
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80
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Mandavid H, Rodrigues AMS, Espindola LS, Eparvier V, Stien D. Secondary Metabolites Isolated from the Amazonian Endophytic Fungus Diaporthe sp. SNB-GSS10. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1735-1739. [PMID: 26149922 DOI: 10.1021/np501029s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe a Sabicea cinerea endophytic fungus closely related to Diaporthe pseudomangiferae that produces two known metabolites, mycoepoxydiene (1) and altiloxin A (2), as well as enamidin (3) and eremofortin F (4), two compounds not previously described in the literature. The structure of these four metabolites was elucidated using spectroscopic analysis, and their cytotoxic activities were measured against the human cell lines KB, MRC-5, and MDA-MB-435.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Mandavid
- †CNRS-Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Laila S Espindola
- ‡Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Véronique Eparvier
- †CNRS-Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Didier Stien
- †CNRS-Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- §UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Sorbonne Universités, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
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81
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82
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83
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Wang YL, Lu Q, Decock C, Li YX, Zhang XY. Cytospora species from Populus and Salix in China with C. davidiana sp. nov. Fungal Biol 2015; 119:420-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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84
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Huang F, Udayanga D, Wang X, Hou X, Mei X, Fu Y, Hyde KD, Li H. Endophytic Diaporthe associated with Citrus: A phylogenetic reassessment with seven new species from China. Fungal Biol 2015; 119:331-47. [PMID: 25937062 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytopathogenic species of Diaporthe are associated with melanose, stem-end rot and gummosis diseases of Citrus. However, little is known about the occurrence of species of Diaporthe as endophytes and saprobes. In this study, we obtained 58 strains of Diaporthe, including 44 endophytic isolates from cultivated Citrus in China. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), partial sequences of translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α), beta-tubulin (TUB), and histone-3 (HIS) gene regions were analysed to determine the species of the isolates collected. In combined analysis of four gene regions, these strains grouped in 16 distinct clades in Diaporthe. The isolates were identified in Diaporthe arecae species complex, Diaporthe citri, Diaporthe citriasiana, Diaporthe citrichinensis, Diaporthe endophytica, Diaporthe eres, Diaporthe hongkongensis, and Diaporthe sojae based on molecular phylogeny and morphology. Seven new species are described from Citrus namely, Diaporthe biconispora, Diaporthe biguttulata, Diaporthe discoidispora, Diaporthe multigutullata, Diaporthe ovalispora, Diaporthe subclavata, and Diaporthe unshiuensis with descriptions and illustrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dhanushka Udayanga
- Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand; School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Xinghong Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, CAF, Beijing, 102300, China
| | - Xin Hou
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xiufeng Mei
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yushi Fu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kevin D Hyde
- Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand; School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Hongye Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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85
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Udayanga D, Castlebury LA, Rossman AY, Chukeatirote E, Hyde KD. Insights into the genus Diaporthe: phylogenetic species delimitation in the D. eres species complex. FUNGAL DIVERS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-014-0297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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86
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Gao Y, Su Y, Sun W, Cai L. Diaporthe species occurring on Lithocarpus glabra in China, with descriptions of five new species. Fungal Biol 2014; 119:295-309. [PMID: 25937059 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Diaporthe species include important plant pathogenic fungi with wide host ranges and geographic distributions. In this paper, species associated with Lithocarpus glabra were examined using a multi-locus phylogeny based on a combined rDNA-internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1), beta tubulin (TUB), and calmodulin (CAL) regions. The phylogenies inferred from combined multi-locus sequences grouped isolates from L. glabra into seven distinct lineages with high branch support, which corresponded to two previously described species and five novel species described in this paper. Our results indicate a high species diversity of Diaporthe associated with L. glabra, and host association is further proved not reliable for species delimitation. Three species previously described in Phomopsis were transferred to Diaporthe in the present paper. A synopsis of morphological characters of the 14 species currently known from Fagaceae is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- YaHui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1, West Beicheng Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan Rd, Shijingshan, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - YuanYing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1, West Beicheng Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1, West Beicheng Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Lei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1, West Beicheng Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, PR China.
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87
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Crous PW, Giraldo A, Hawksworth DL, Robert V, Kirk PM, Guarro J, Robbertse B, Schoch CL, Damm U, Trakunyingcharoen T, Groenewald JZ. The Genera of Fungi: fixing the application of type species of generic names. IMA Fungus 2014; 5:141-60. [PMID: 25083414 PMCID: PMC4107892 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2014.05.01.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To ensure a stable platform for fungal taxonomy, it is of paramount importance that the genetic application of generic names be based on their DNA sequence data, and wherever possible, not morphology or ecology alone. To facilitate this process, a new database, accessible at www.GeneraofFungi.org (GoF) was established, which will allow deposition of metadata linked to holo-, lecto-, neo- or epitype specimens, cultures and DNA sequence data of the type species of genera. Although there are presently more than 18 000 fungal genera described, we aim to initially focus on the subset of names that have been placed on the "Without-prejudice List of Protected Generic Names of Fungi" (see IMA Fungus 4(2): 381-443, 2013). To enable the global mycological community to keep track of typification events and avoid duplication, special MycoBank Typification identfiers (MBT) will be issued upon deposit of metadata in MycoBank. MycoBank is linked to GoF, thus deposited metadata of generic type species will be displayed in GoF (and vice versa), but will also be linked to Index Fungorum (IF) and the curated RefSeq Targeted Loci (RTL) database in GenBank at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). This initial paper focuses on eight genera of appendaged coelomycetes, the type species of which are neo- or epitypified here: Bartalinia (Bartalinia robillardoides; Amphisphaeriaceae, Xylariales), Chaetospermum (Chaetospermum chaetosporum, incertae sedis, Sebacinales), Coniella (Coniella fragariae, Schizoparmaceae, Diaporthales), Crinitospora (Crinitospora pulchra, Melanconidaceae, Diaporthales), Eleutheromyces (Eleutheromyces subulatus, Helotiales), Kellermania (Kellermania yuccigena, Planistromataceae, Botryosphaeriales), Mastigosporium (Mastigosporium album, Helotiales), and Mycotribulus (Mycotribulus mirabilis, Agaricales). Authors interested in contributing accounts of individual genera to larger multi-authored papers to be published in IMA Fungus, should contact the associate editors listed below for the major groups of fungi on the List of Protected Generic Names for Fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro W Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; ; Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands ; Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandra Giraldo
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - David L Hawksworth
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, Madrid 28040, Spain ; Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK ; Mycology Section, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Vincent Robert
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul M Kirk
- Mycology Section, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK ; State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Josep Guarro
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Barbara Robbertse
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Conrad L Schoch
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ulrike Damm
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, PF 300 154, 02806 Görlitz, Germany
| | - Thippawan Trakunyingcharoen
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Johannes Z Groenewald
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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88
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Chen S, Morgan DP, Hasey JK, Anderson K, Michailides TJ. Phylogeny, Morphology, Distribution, and Pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthaceae from English Walnut in California. PLANT DISEASE 2014; 98:636-652. [PMID: 30708543 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-13-0706-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Species of family Botryosphaeriaceae and genus Diaporthe (anamorph: genus Phomopsis, family Diaporthaceae) were reported and caused diseases on various fruit and nut trees in California. In the last several years, diseases on English walnut (Juglans regia) caused by species of Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthe were observed frequently in California. Disease symptoms include stem canker; shoot canker and blight; twig, leaf, and fruit blight; and necrotic leaf lesions. Isolates of the pathogen were collected from English walnut in 13 counties in California. The aims of this study were to identify these isolates and to test their pathogenicity to English walnut cultivars. In total, 159 California isolates were identified based on comparisons of DNA sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer, translation elongation factor 1-α, and β-tubulin gene regions, and combined with the morphological features of the cultures and conidia. Research results revealed that isolates represent 10 species of Botryosphaeriaceae and two species of Diaporthe. These species include Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia mutila, D. seriata, Dothiorella iberica, Lasiodiplodia citricola, Neofusicoccum mediterraneum, N. nonquaesitum, N. parvum, N. vitifusiforme, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, Diaporthe neotheicola, and D. rhusicola. Pathogenicity on three English walnut cultivars ('Chandler', 'Tulare', and 'Vina') using a mycelium plug inoculation method revealed that all these species are pathogenic to all the tested cultivars, with L. citricola and N. parvum being the most pathogenic species, followed by N. mediterraneum, N. dimidiatum, and B. dothidea. Chandler was more tolerant to infection than Tulare and Vina. Results in this study determined that multiple numbers of the Botryosphaeriaceae fungi and two Diaporthe spp. cause cankers and blights of English walnut and vary in their virulence from highly to slightly virulent, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShuaiFei Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis/Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier 93648
| | - David P Morgan
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis/Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier 93648
| | - Janine K Hasey
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Yuba/Sutter Co., Yuba City 95991
| | - Kathleen Anderson
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Stanislaus Co., Modesto 95358
| | - Themis J Michailides
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis/Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center
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89
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Dai DQ, Wijayawardene NN, Bhat DJ, Chukeatirote E, Bahkali AH, Zhao RL, Xu JC, Hyde KD. Pustulomycesgen. nov. Accommodated inDiaporthaceae, Diaporthales, as Revealed by Morphology and Molecular Analyses. CRYPTOGAMIE MYCOL 2014. [DOI: 10.7872/crym.v35.iss1.2014.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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90
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Walker DM, Castlebury LA, Rossman AY, Struwe L. Host conservatism or host specialization? Patterns of fungal diversification are influenced by host plant specificity inOphiognomonia(Gnomoniaceae: Diaporthales). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donald M. Walker
- Department of Natural Sciences; The University of Findlay; 1000 North Main Street Findlay OH 45840 USA
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology; Rutgers University; 59 Dudley Road New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA
| | - Lisa A. Castlebury
- Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory; USDA Agricultural Research Service; 10300 Baltimore Avenue Beltsville MD 20705 USA
| | - Amy Y. Rossman
- Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory; USDA Agricultural Research Service; 10300 Baltimore Avenue Beltsville MD 20705 USA
| | - Lena Struwe
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology; Rutgers University; 59 Dudley Road New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources; Rutgers University; 14 College Farm Road New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA
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91
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Fu CH, Hsieh HM, Chen CY, Chang TT, Huang YM, Ju YM. Ophiodiaporthe cyatheae gen. et sp. nov., a diaporthalean pathogen causing a devastating wilt disease of Cyathea lepifera in Taiwan. Mycologia 2013; 105:861-72. [PMID: 23709481 DOI: 10.3852/12-346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The scaly tree fern, Cyathea lepifera, in Taiwan has been devastated by an ascomycetous pathogen in recent years. This fungus resembles species of Diaporthe, but unlike anamorphs of Diaporthe that produce two types of conidia, its anamorph produces one conidium type. It is described herein as Ophiodiaporthe cyatheae gen. et sp. nov. Through pathogenicity tests, O. cyatheae was demonstrated to be the causal agent of the C. lepifera wilt disease. Of interest, sporulating structures of O. cyatheae have not been found on C. lepifera plants but in culture thus far. The mating system is homothallic. Phylogenetic analyses based on combined sequences of nSSU-rDNA, nLSU-rDNA, EF1-α-1 and RPB2 placed O. cyatheae in Diaporthaceae. Combined sequences of EF1-α-2 and TUB indicated that O. cyatheae had its origin within Diaporthe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuen-Hsu Fu
- Division on Forest Protection, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
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92
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93
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Udayanga D, Liua X, Mckenzie EH, Chukeatirote E, Hyde KD. Multi-locus Phylogeny Reveals Three new Species of Diaporthe from Thailand. CRYPTOGAMIE MYCOL 2012. [DOI: 10.7872/crym.v33.iss3.2012.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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94
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Udayanga D, Liu X, Crous PW, McKenzie EHC, Chukeatirote E, Hyde KD. A multi-locus phylogenetic evaluation of Diaporthe (Phomopsis). FUNGAL DIVERS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-012-0190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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95
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Miranda BEC, Barreto RW, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ. Pilidiella tibouchinae sp. nov. associated with foliage blight of Tibouchina granulosa (quaresmeira) in Brazil. IMA Fungus 2012; 3:1-7. [PMID: 23155495 PMCID: PMC3399098 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2012.03.01.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tibouchina granulosa (Melastomataceae), Brazilian glorytree (Brazilian common name - quaresmeira), a common tree of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, is widely used as an ornamental for its violet or pink blossoms. Little is known about fungal diseases affecting this species, although these represent a known limitation for its cultivation in nurseries. Among these there is a foliage blight that occurs in combination with distortion of branch apices and die-back. A consistent association of a species of Pilidiella with the diseased tissues was observed. The fungus was isolated in pure culture and based on its morphology and DNA phylogeny, we conclude that it represents a new species, for which the name Pilidiella tibouchinae is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno E C Miranda
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Fitopatologia, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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96
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The genus Phomopsis: biology, applications, species concepts and names of common phytopathogens. FUNGAL DIVERS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-011-0126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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97
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Xing X, Guo S. Fungal endophyte communities in four Rhizophoraceae mangrove species on the south coast of China. Ecol Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-010-0795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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98
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Aurifilum, a new fungal genus in the Cryphonectriaceae from Terminalia species in Cameroon. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2010; 98:263-78. [PMID: 20559872 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-010-9467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Native Terminalia spp. in West Africa provide a popular source of construction timber as well as medical, spiritual and social benefits to rural populations. Very little is, however, known regarding the diseases that affect these trees. During an investigation into possible diseases of Terminalia spp. in Cameroon, orange to yellow fungal fruiting structures, resembling those of fungi in the Cryphonectriaceae, were commonly observed on the bark of native Terminalia ivorensis, and on dead branches of non-native Terminalia mantaly. In this study the fungus was identified based on morphological features as well as DNA sequence data (ITS and beta-tubulin) and its pathogenicity was tested on T. mantaly seedlings. Our results showed that isolates of this fungus represent a previously undescribed genus in the Cryphonectriaceae, which we describe as Aurifilum marmelostoma gen. et sp. nov. Pathogenicity tests revealed that A. marmelostoma is pathogenic on T. mantaly. These tests, and the association of A. marmelostoma with disease symptoms on T. ivorensis, suggest that the fungus is a pathogen of this important tree.
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99
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Re-evaluation of Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti and Cryptosporiopsis-like species occurring on Eucalyptus leaves. FUNGAL DIVERS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-010-0041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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100
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Fotouhifar KB, Hedjaroude GA, Leuchtmann A. ITS rDNA phylogeny of Iranian strains of Cytospora and associated teleomorphs. Mycologia 2010; 102:1369-82. [PMID: 20943543 DOI: 10.3852/10-034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cytospora spp. and associated teleomorphic species (Ascomycota, Diaporthales, Valsaceae) are among the most common and widespread canker- and dieback-causing fungi on trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants worldwide. From specimens collected all over Iran a total of 114 isolates were morphologically identified, representing 20 Cytospora, one Leucostoma and five Valsa species from 38 plant species. Nine of the identified taxa were new records for Iran, and many new hosts were identified. The phylogenetic relationships of the Iranian strains, along with sequences of 13 reference strains from GenBank, were inferred from ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 nuclear rDNA sequences. Parsimony analysis established five distinct major clades and 12 subclades, which represented accepted species and genera. Some of these subclades corresponded to morphologically based taxonomic concepts of single Cytospora species, while others contained more than one morphospecies. Teleomorphic states were present in six subclades, and most clustered with the corresponding anamorphs. This suggests that morphological and phylogenetic species concepts overlap and that in most cases they are meaningful for correct species identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil-Berdi Fotouhifar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran
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