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Fournier J, Hsieh HM, Lechat C, Ju YM, Chaduli D, Favel A. Five new Camillea (Xylariales) species described from French Guiana. Bot Stud 2023; 64:31. [PMID: 37891334 PMCID: PMC10611695 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-023-00397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Camillea was created in 1849 from collections made in French Guiana with eight species included. Numerous species assigned to Camillea were subsequently discovered, especially in the forests of the Amazon basin, but new discoveries have not been reported from French Guiana since 1849. Recent fieldwork in French Guiana has begun to fill this gap by identifying five new species, most of which were collected in the vicinity of Saül village. RESULTS Based on macro- and micromorphological study of their stromata, including SEM images of ascospore wall ornamentation, five new species were recognized, including C. cribellum, C. heterostomoides, C. nitida, C. rogersii and C. saulensis. Cultures could be obtained for C. heterostomoides and C. rogersii, and ITS and LSU sequences were obtained for all of the five new species. Camillea heterostoma and its variety microspora were shown to be conspecific. Provisional molecular phylogenetic analyses support the possible reinstatement of Hypoxylon melanaspis, currently regarded as merely an applanate form of C. leprieurii. CONCLUSION The current study is based on a relatively limited fieldwork in its duration and sampling area but was able to substantially increase the number of Camillea species known from French Guiana. This augurs an exceptional and still unknown diversity of the genus in this area and by extension in the adjacent neotropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huei-Mei Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Delphine Chaduli
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Favel
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163, 13288, Marseille, France
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Ju YM, Hsieh HM, Suwannasai N. Xylaria furcata reconsidered and nine resembling species. Bot Stud 2023; 64:21. [PMID: 37458873 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-023-00392-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xylaria collections from termite nests with dichotomously branched stromata have been identified as X. furcata. However, Léveillé's original material is no longer available, and the modern interpretation of X. furcata is based on a 1908 collection made by von Höhnel from termite nests at Buitenzorg Botanical Garden in Java. A packet of this von Höhnel material at FH was designated as the neotype by Rogers et al. in 2005. RESULTS We reexamined the neotype from FH and its duplicates from various herbaria and found that three different species were mixed in these specimens. Despite that all of them have dichotomously branched stromata and tiny ascospores, only one fits the 2005 neotypification of X. furcata, where exposed perithecial mounds on the stromatal surface were unambiguously indicated. This portion of material is redesignated as the neotype, while the other two species with immersed perithecia are described as new: X. hoehnelii and X. robustifurcata. The ITS sequence obtained from the neotype helped us designate a specimen with cultures obtained from it as the epitype. From specimens identifiable as X. furcata, we describe four new species: X. brevifurcata, X. furcatula, X. insignifurcata, and X. tenellifurcata. Additionally, we recognize X. furcata var. hirsuta at the species level as X. hirsuta and consider X. scoparia a distinct species rather than a synonym of X. furcata. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on three protein-coding loci showed that X. furcata and resembling species were grouped into two clusters: the X. furcata cluster with half-exposed to fully exposed perithecial mounds and the X. hoehnelii cluster with largely immersed perithecial mounds. CONCLUSION Ten species are recognized for X. furcata and resembling species, all of which could have been identified as X. furcata in the past. Its diversity has been overlooked primarily due to the small and similar stromata. Several additional species have been confirmed to be related to X. furcata by DNA sequences but are yet to be described due to the lack of mature stromata. While the species diversity of macrotermitine termites is equally high in Africa as in Asia, all of the species are primarily found in Asia, with X. hirsuta as the only exception. This suggests that there may be many more undiscovered species for this fungal group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Huei-Mei Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Nuttika Suwannasai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, 114 Sukhumvit 23, Wathana, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
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Ju YM, Hsieh HM. Xylaria species associated with fallen leaves and petioles. Bot Stud 2023; 64:19. [PMID: 37450221 PMCID: PMC10348963 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-023-00377-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xylaria species growing on fallen leaves and petioles have not been treated systematically. One source of confusion in this group of Xylaria species has stemmed from X. filiformis, which is an ancient name published in 1805 as Sphaeria filiformis and has commonly labeled on specimen packets that contain leaf- and petiole-inhabiting Xylaria species. Here we clarified the identity of X. filiformis and distinguish it from the species that are easily confused with it, notably X. simplicissima, to which most specimens labeled as X. filiformis are referred. Our research also led us to encounter many other leaf- and petiole-inhabiting Xylaria species, prompting a comprehensive study of this group of fungi. RESULTS Forty-five foliicolous and caulicolous species of Xylaria were studied, including nine newly described species-X. allima, X. appendiculatoides, X. hispidipes, X. minuscula, X. neblinensis, X. spiculaticlavata, X. vermiformis, X. vittatipiliformis, and X. vittiformis; three unnamed species-X. sp. AR1741, X. sp. GS7461A, and X. sp. GS7461B; X. simplicissima, a name newly combined with Xylaria from Rhizomorpha simplicissima; and X. noduliformis and X. imminuta, which are two new replacement names, respectively, for X. maitlandii var. nuda and X. hypsipoda var. microspora. The 45 taxa can be classified into three groups by stromatal shape and conspicuousness of perithecial mounds on the stromatal surface: (i) the X. filiformis group contains 10 species, (ii) the X. phyllocharis group contains 19 species, and (iii) the X. heloidea group contains 16 species. One of the newly described or unnamed species belongs to the X. filiformis group-X. vermiformis; nine of them belong to the X. phyllocharis group-X. allima, X. appendiculatoides, Xylaria minuscula, X. neblinensis, X. sp. AR1741, X. sp. GS7461B, X. spiculaticlavata, X. vittatipiliformis, and X. vittiformis; and three of them belong to the X. heloidea group-X. hispidipes, X. imminuta, and X. sp. GS7461A. CONCLUSION The 45 species of Xylaria associated with fallen leaves and petioles can be identified by using the dichotomous identification key that we provided herein. It is important to note that most of the studied species are represented by only one or several specimens and many have not been recollected and cultured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Huei-Mei Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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Das A, Chen CM, Mu SC, Yang SH, Ju YM, Li SC. Medicinal Components in Edible Mushrooms on Diabetes Mellitus Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020436. [PMID: 35214168 PMCID: PMC8875793 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms belong to the family “Fungi” and became famous for their medicinal properties and easy accessibility all over the world. Because of its pharmaceutical properties, including anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant properties, it became a hot topic among scientists. However, depending on species and varieties, most of the medicinal properties became indistinct. With this interest, an attempt has been made to scrutinize the role of edible mushrooms (EM) in diabetes mellitus treatment. A systematic contemporary literature review has been carried out from all records such as Science Direct, PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar with an aim to represents the work has performed on mushrooms focuses on diabetes, insulin resistance (IR), and preventive mechanism of IR, using different kinds of mushroom extracts. The final review represents that EM plays an important role in anticipation of insulin resistance with the help of active compounds, i.e., polysaccharide, vitamin D, and signifies α-glucosidase or α-amylase preventive activities. Although most of the mechanism is not clear yet, many varieties of mushrooms’ medicinal properties have not been studied properly. So, in the future, further investigation is needed on edible medicinal mushrooms to overcome the research gap to use its clinical potential to prevent non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Das
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Chiao-Ming Chen
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei 10462, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Chi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11101, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Yang
- Fengshan Tropical Horticultural Experiment Branch, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Kaohsiung City 83052, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
| | - Sing-Chung Li
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-27361661 (ext. 6560)
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Franco MEE, Wisecaver JH, Arnold AE, Ju YM, Slot JC, Ahrendt S, Moore LP, Eastman KE, Scott K, Konkel Z, Mondo SJ, Kuo A, Hayes RD, Haridas S, Andreopoulos B, Riley R, LaButti K, Pangilinan J, Lipzen A, Amirebrahimi M, Yan J, Adam C, Keymanesh K, Ng V, Louie K, Northen T, Drula E, Henrissat B, Hsieh HM, Youens-Clark K, Lutzoni F, Miadlikowska J, Eastwood DC, Hamelin RC, Grigoriev IV, U'Ren JM. Ecological generalism drives hyperdiversity of secondary metabolite gene clusters in xylarialean endophytes. New Phytol 2022; 233:1317-1330. [PMID: 34797921 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although secondary metabolites are typically associated with competitive or pathogenic interactions, the high bioactivity of endophytic fungi in the Xylariales, coupled with their abundance and broad host ranges spanning all lineages of land plants and lichens, suggests that enhanced secondary metabolism might facilitate symbioses with phylogenetically diverse hosts. Here, we examined secondary metabolite gene clusters (SMGCs) across 96 Xylariales genomes in two clades (Xylariaceae s.l. and Hypoxylaceae), including 88 newly sequenced genomes of endophytes and closely related saprotrophs and pathogens. We paired genomic data with extensive metadata on endophyte hosts and substrates, enabling us to examine genomic factors related to the breadth of symbiotic interactions and ecological roles. All genomes contain hyperabundant SMGCs; however, Xylariaceae have increased numbers of gene duplications, horizontal gene transfers (HGTs) and SMGCs. Enhanced metabolic diversity of endophytes is associated with a greater diversity of hosts and increased capacity for lignocellulose decomposition. Our results suggest that, as host and substrate generalists, Xylariaceae endophytes experience greater selection to diversify SMGCs compared with more ecologically specialised Hypoxylaceae species. Overall, our results provide new evidence that SMGCs may facilitate symbiosis with phylogenetically diverse hosts, highlighting the importance of microbial symbioses to drive fungal metabolic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario E E Franco
- BIO5 Institute and Department of Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jennifer H Wisecaver
- Center for Plant Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - A Elizabeth Arnold
- School of Plant Sciences and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jason C Slot
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Steven Ahrendt
- Department of Energy, The Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lillian P Moore
- BIO5 Institute and Department of Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Katharine E Eastman
- Center for Plant Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Kelsey Scott
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zachary Konkel
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Stephen J Mondo
- Department of Energy, The Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Alan Kuo
- Department of Energy, The Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Richard D Hayes
- Department of Energy, The Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Sajeet Haridas
- Department of Energy, The Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Bill Andreopoulos
- Department of Energy, The Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Robert Riley
- Department of Energy, The Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kurt LaButti
- Department of Energy, The Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jasmyn Pangilinan
- Department of Energy, The Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Anna Lipzen
- Department of Energy, The Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mojgan Amirebrahimi
- Department of Energy, The Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Juying Yan
- Department of Energy, The Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Catherine Adam
- Department of Energy, The Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Keykhosrow Keymanesh
- Department of Energy, The Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Vivian Ng
- Department of Energy, The Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Katherine Louie
- Department of Energy, The Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Trent Northen
- Department of Energy, The Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Elodie Drula
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, 13288, France
- INRAE, Marseille, 13288, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huei-Mei Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ken Youens-Clark
- BIO5 Institute and Department of Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | | | | | | | - Richard C Hamelin
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- Department of Energy, The Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jana M U'Ren
- BIO5 Institute and Department of Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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Ju YM, Hsieh HM, He XS. Wulingshen, the massive Xylaria sclerotia used as traditional Chinese medicine, is produced by multiple species. Mycologia 2022; 114:175-189. [PMID: 35073226 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2021.2005985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Wulingshen, massive Xylaria sclerotia, was originally reported from Chengdu Plain in western Sichuan of China for medicinal application. Xylaria nigripes is commonly connected to these massive sclerotia produced within abandoned underground macrotermitine termite nests. We sequenced 54 Wulingshen samples procured from traditional Chinese medicine markets in Chengdu Plain and connected them to six different Xylaria species: X. nigripes, X. subescharoidea, two species newly described herein-X. neonigripes and X. rogersionigripes, and two species that are known only as sclerotia thus far. Only teleomorphs of X. subescharoidea and X. rogersionigripes have been collected in Chengdu Plain thus far. In Taiwan, teleomorphs of four of the six species, except for the two only known in sclerotial form, have been collected, and their cultures were obtained; we thus designate the holotypes of X. neonigripes and X. rogersionigripes on the basis of Taiwan specimens. During the collecting activities carried out in Chengdu Plain, a Xylaria species, which is newly described as X. mianyangensis herein, was also collected from termite nests but lacks a known connection to Wulingshen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 115, Nankang, Taiwan, China
| | - Huei-Mei Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 115, Nankang, Taiwan, China
| | - Xin-Sheng He
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, China
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Hsieh MH, Hsiao G, Chang CH, Yang YL, Ju YM, Kuo YH, Lee TH. Polyketides with Anti-neuroinflammatory Activity from Theissenia cinerea. J Nat Prod 2021; 84:1898-1903. [PMID: 34185528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Theissenia cinerea 89091602 is a previously reported plant-derived bioactive fungal strain, and the active principles separated from the extracts of its submerged culture were shown to exhibit potent anti-neuroinflammatory activities in both cellular study and animal testing. In a continuation of our previous investigation on the bioactive entities from this fungus, solid state fermentation was performed in an attempt to diversify the bioactive secondary metabolites. In the present study, five previously unreported polyketides, theissenophenol (1), theissenepoxide (2), theissenolactone D (3), theissenone (4), and theissenisochromanone (5), together with the known theissenolactone B (6), theissenolactone C (7), and arthrinone (8), were isolated and characterized through spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the literature data. The configurations of theissenepoxide (2) and theissenisochromanone (5) were further corroborated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction data analysis. Theissenone (4), theissenolactone B (6), theissenolactone C (7), and arthrinone (8) exhibited potent nitric oxide production inhibitory activities in murine brain microglial BV-2 cells with IC50 values of 5.0 ± 1.0, 4.5 ± 0.6, 1.1 ± 0.1, and 3.2 ± 0.3 μM, respectively, without any significant cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hsuan Hsieh
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - George Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Chang
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Liang Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Chinese Medical Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Huei Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Wangsawat N, Ju YM, Phosri C, Whalley AJS, Suwannasai N. Twelve New Taxa of Xylaria Associated with Termite Nests and Soil from Northeast Thailand. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:biology10070575. [PMID: 34201676 PMCID: PMC8301132 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Xylaria species are known for their medicinal value and production of a variety of bioactive compounds. They usually grow on rotten wood, fallen leaves, seeds, and fruits. Some species can be found growing on soil or associated with termite nests, which belong to subgenus Pseudoxylaria. They share with other Xylaria species a suite of morphological characteristics, including conspicuous or massive upright stromata with a light-coloured interior, a longer than wide ascal apical ring, bluing in an iodine reagent, and brown unicellular ascospores possessing a germ slit. In Thailand, there are only limited reports on Xylaria diversity and taxonomy, especially on species associated with termite nests. In the present study, we describe 12 new Xylaria taxa and report two species closely resembling known species from termite nests or soil. Their morphological and cultural characteristics are described and illustrated, and their nucleotide sequences of ITS rDNA, alpha-actin, and beta-tubulin genes were obtained. Phylogenetic inference based on these sequences confirmed that all taxa analyzed belong to subgenus Pseudoxylaria and differ from all other species with sequences available in public databases. Our study is the first to report on the novel Xylaria species associated with termite nests or growing on soil in Thailand. Subgenus Pseudoxylaria is likely highly diverse in the country. Abstract The diversity of Xylaria species associated with termite nests in northeast Thailand was investigated. Among the 14 taxa included in this study, 11 species and one variety were described as new, and another two species resemble the existing taxa, X. escharoidea and X. nigripes. The newly described taxa are X. chaiyaphumensis, X. conica, X. fulvescens, X. ischnostroma, X. margaretae, X. minima, X. reinkingii var. microspora, X. siamensis, X. sihanonthii, X. subintraflava, X. thienhirunae, and X. vinacea. Their morphological and cultural characteristics are described and illustrated, and their ITS, α-actin and β-tubulin sequences were analysed. A dichotomous key to the 17 species of Xylaria occurring in Thailand is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niwana Wangsawat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, 114 Sukhumvit 23, Wathana, Bangkok 10110, Thailand;
| | - Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Cherdchai Phosri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom 48000, Thailand;
| | - Anthony J. S. Whalley
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moore University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Nuttika Suwannasai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, 114 Sukhumvit 23, Wathana, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2-6495000 (ext. 18519)
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Hsieh HM, Chou JC, Ju YM. Xylaria insolita and X. subescharoidea: two newly described species collected from a termite nesting site in Hua-lien, Taiwan. Bot Stud 2020; 61:11. [PMID: 32253525 PMCID: PMC7136384 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-020-00287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of Xylaria species are exclusively associated with nests of macrotermitine termites. A nesting site of Odontotermes formosanus in eastern Taiwan, which is the only macrotermitine termite known on the island, had been inundated during the raining season of 2010, and hundreds of Xylaria stromata emerged from it thereafter. A thorough examination of these stromata showed that they represent a mixture of different species. RESULTS Five Xylaria species were identified from the stromata collected from the nesting site, including two undescribed species, which are newly described as X. insolita and X. subescharoidea herein, and three known species X. brunneovinosa, X. escharoidea, and X. furcata. CONCLUSION Totally, there are 28 Xylaria species growing on termite nests or ground in the world. Although O. formosanus is the only macrotermitine species known in Taiwan, the Xylaria diversity associated with its nests is fairly high; the species number has reached 12 with X. furcata, X. insolita, and X. subescharoidea added to the Taiwan mycobiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Mei Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ching Chou
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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Lin CY, Lo HJ, Tu MG, Ju YM, Fan YC, Lin CC, Chiang YT, Yang YL, Chen KT, Sun PL. The survey of tinea capitis and scalp dermatophyte carriage in nursing home residents. Med Mycol 2018; 56:180-185. [PMID: 28525623 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tinea capitis is a contagious dermatophyte infection of scalp and associated hairs. On the other hand, asymptomatic carriage is a status of positive dermatophyte scalp culture, but without signs or symptoms of tinea capitis, and no evidence of hair shaft invasion confirmed by direct microscopy. Tinea capitis and asymptomatic carriage mostly occur in children, but adult females are becoming another population in recent decades. In this study, we focused on the prevalence and related fungi of tinea capitis and asymptomatic carriage in elderly by the shampoo brush method, as well as the source of transmission, in 10 nursing home residents. Two hundred and thirteen residents were screened, and 186 isolates were identified, of which only three were dermatophytes (1.4%). The scalp dermatophyte isolates were identified as Trichophyton rubrum by morphological characters and sequences comparisons in all three cases. After revisiting, these cases were proved to be asymptomatic carriers by negative microscopic and culture examination; however, two cases were found to have concurrent tinea pedis and onychomycosis, which were identified as T. rubrum and Trichophyton interdigitale. The source of the T. rubrum scalp carriage may come from tinea elsewhere on the body of the same subject or from other people in the same institute. Finding and treating the source of carriage, as well as treating scalp carriage patients according to the colony counts, may help prevent disease spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yio Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Jung Lo
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Gene Tu
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chen Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chao Lin
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chiang
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Liang Yang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ting Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lun Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Ju
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6430
| | - Jack D. Rogers
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6430
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Katleen Van der Gucht
- Laboratorium Plantkunde, Vakgroep Morfologie, Systematiek & Ecologie, Universiteit Gent, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Yu-Ming Ju
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6430
| | - Jack D. Rogers
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6430
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13
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Abstract
Twenty-five fructicolous and seminicolous species of Xylaria are classified into three groups by stromatal morphology: (i) the X. ianthinovelutina group; (ii) the X. carpophila group; and (iii) the X. heloidea group. Xylaria reevesiae, X. rossmanae, and X. vivantii are described as new species. Xylaria reevesiae belongs to the X. carpophila group, resembling X. euphorbiicola but differing from it mainly by having conspicuous perithecial mounds and growing on fallen fruits of a different host plant. Xylaria rossmanae and X. vivantii belong to the X. ianthinovelutina group. Xylaria rossmanae differs from the species of the group mainly by larger, paler, fusoid-inequilateral ascospores, and X. vivantii differs by larger ascospores with a slightly oblique germ slit. A dichotomous key is provided for identifying the 25 species. Doubtful names are also listed and annotated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Ju
- a Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology , Academia Sinica , Nankang , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
| | - Jack D Rogers
- b Department of Plant Pathology , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99164-6430
| | - Huei-Mei Hsieh
- a Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology , Academia Sinica , Nankang , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
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14
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Chang YY, Ju YM. Small agarics in Taiwan: Mycena albopilosa sp. nov. and Gloiocephala epiphylla. Bot Stud 2017; 58:19. [PMID: 28510202 PMCID: PMC5430583 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-017-0173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small agarics are poorly documented in Taiwan, with previously reported species either rudimentarily described or lacking a description or diagnosis in most cases. A survey on small agarics in a lowland forest of Taiwan revealed two species previously unrecorded. RESULTS One agaric, which is characterized mainly by white hairs overlying the pileus, a conspicuous cup-shaped basal disc surrounding the stipe, and inamyloid basidiospores, fits the genus Mycena and appears undescribed. It readily produced abundant basidiomata in culture in three weeks. The other agaric is Gloiocephala epiphylla, being characterized by its reduced hymenium and conspicuous pileogloeocystidia. ITS sequences from the two agarics further corroborated the identifications. Their macroscopic and microscopic features and culture morphology are described. A dichotomous key is provided to the species of Mycena reported in Taiwan. CONCLUSION The Mycena species is newly described as M. albopilosa herein. Gloiocephala epiphylla is new to Taiwan, being the only species of the genus known on the island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yin Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Sun PL, Lin YC, Wu YH, Kao PH, Ju YM, Fan YC. Tinea folliculorum complicating tinea of the glabrous skin: an important yet neglected entity. Med Mycol 2017; 56:521-530. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lun Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chih Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Han Kao
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chen Fan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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16
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Hsieh HM, Chung MC, Chen PY, Hsu FM, Liao WW, Sung AN, Lin CR, Wang CJR, Kao YH, Fang MJ, Lai CY, Huang CC, Chou JC, Chou WN, Chang BCH, Ju YM. A termite symbiotic mushroom maximizing sexual activity at growing tips of vegetative hyphae. Bot Stud 2017; 58:39. [PMID: 28929370 PMCID: PMC5605481 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-017-0191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Termitomyces mushrooms are mutualistically associated with fungus-growing termites, which are widely considered to cultivate a monogenotypic Termitomyces symbiont within a colony. Termitomyces cultures isolated directly from termite colonies are heterokaryotic, likely through mating between compatible homokaryons. RESULTS After pairing homokaryons carrying different haplotypes at marker gene loci MIP and RCB from a Termitomyces fruiting body associated with Odontotermes formosanus, we observed nuclear fusion and division, which greatly resembled meiosis, during each hyphal cell division and conidial formation in the resulting heterokaryons. Surprisingly, nuclei in homokaryons also behaved similarly. To confirm if meiotic-like recombination occurred within mycelia, we constructed whole-genome sequencing libraries from mycelia of two homokaryons and a heterokaryon resulting from mating of the two homokaryons. Obtained reads were aligned to the reference genome of Termitomyces sp. J132 for haplotype reconstruction. After removal of the recombinant haplotypes shared between the heterokaryon and either homokaryons, we inferred that 5.04% of the haplotypes from the heterokaryon were the recombinants resulting from homologous recombination distributed genome-wide. With RNA transcripts of four meiosis-specific genes, including SPO11, DMC1, MSH4, and MLH1, detected from a mycelial sample by real-time quantitative PCR, the nuclear behavior in mycelia was reconfirmed meiotic-like. CONCLUSION Unlike other basidiomycetes where sex is largely restricted to basidia, Termitomyces maximizes sexuality at somatic stage, resulting in an ever-changing genotype composed of a myriad of coexisting heterogeneous nuclei in a heterokaryon. Somatic meiotic-like recombination may endow Termitomyces with agility to cope with termite consumption by maximized genetic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Mei Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chu Chung
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yang Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Fei-Man Hsu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Liao
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Ai-Ning Sung
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ru Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Hsin Kao
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jane Fang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yung Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 50074 Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ching Chou
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Neng Chou
- National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, 40453 Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
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17
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Tchoukoua A, Ota T, Akanuma R, Ju YM, Supratman U, Murayama T, Koseki T, Shiono Y. A phytotoxic bicyclic lactone and other compounds from endophyte Xylaria curta. Nat Prod Res 2017; 31:2113-2118. [PMID: 28067069 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1277352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A new compound, (3aS,6aR)-4,5-dimethyl-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta [b]furan-2-one (2), along with two known metabolites, myrotheciumone A (1) and 4-oxo-4H-pyron-3-acetic acid (3) was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of fermentation broth of Xylaria curta 92092022. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, HRESITOFMS, 1D NMR, and 2D NMR). Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate antibacterial and phytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdou Tchoukoua
- a Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Yaounde 1 , Yaounde , Cameroon
| | - Takuma Ota
- b Department of Food, Life, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture , Yamagata University , Tsuruoka , Japan
| | - Rima Akanuma
- b Department of Food, Life, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture , Yamagata University , Tsuruoka , Japan
| | - Yu-Ming Ju
- c Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Unang Supratman
- d Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , Universitas Padjadjaran , Sumedang , Indonesia
| | - Tetsuya Murayama
- b Department of Food, Life, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture , Yamagata University , Tsuruoka , Japan
| | - Takuya Koseki
- b Department of Food, Life, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture , Yamagata University , Tsuruoka , Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiono
- b Department of Food, Life, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture , Yamagata University , Tsuruoka , Japan
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jack D. Rogers
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6430
| | - Huei-Mei Hsieh
- Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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19
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Fernández FA, Rogers JD, Ju YM, Huhndorf SM, Umaña L. Paramphisphaeria costaricensis gen. et sp. nov. and Pachytrype rimosa sp. nov. from Costa Rica. Mycologia 2017; 96:175-9. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2005.11833009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A. Fernández
- Botany Department, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496
| | - Jack D. Rogers
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6430
| | - Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Sabine M. Huhndorf
- Botany Department, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496
| | - Loengrin Umaña
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), apartado postal 430-3100, Santo Domingo, Heredia, Costa Rica
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jack D. Rogers
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6430
| | - Huei-Mei Hsieh
- Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Larissa Vasilyeva
- Institute of Biology and Soil Sciences, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
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21
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jack D. Rogers
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6430
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jack D. Rogers
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6430
| | - Huei-Mei Hsieh
- Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack D. Rogers
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6430
| | - Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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24
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mei-Jane Fang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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25
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huei-Mei Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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26
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Ju YM, Hsieh HM, Rogers JD, Fournier J, Jaklitsch WM, Courtecuisse R. New and interesting penzigioid Xylaria species with small, soft stromata. Mycologia 2017; 104:766-76. [DOI: 10.3852/11-313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Huei-Mei Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jack D. Rogers
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6430
| | | | - Walter M. Jaklitsch
- Faculty Center of Biodiversity, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Régis Courtecuisse
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Département de Botanique, Université de Lille II. B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille Cedex, France
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27
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Lee MS, Hsiao CJ, Ju YM, Kuo YH, Lin RK, Lee TH. Terpenoids from the Fermented Broths of Coprinellus radians. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One new sesquiterpenoid, namely coprinol (1), along with guanacastanes J (2), E (3) and N (4), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extracts of the fermented broths of the fungal strain Coprinellus radians#1168. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis. The growth inhibitory activities against A549 of 1-4 were evaluated, and only 4 exhibited moderate growth inhibitory activity with a GI50 value of 18.2 μM compared with fluorouracil (GI50 = 3.6 μM). All the compounds were also subjected to antifungal assay against Candida albicans ATCC 18804, C. albicans SC-5314, Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 13690 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 2345; all showed mild antifungal activity with MIC values of 128.0 μg/mL for 1-3 and 64.0 μg/mL for 4 in comparison with amphotericin B (MIC = 0.25 μg/mL) and ketoconazole (MIC = 1.0 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Che-Jen Hsiao
- School of Respiratory Therapy; Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115
| | - Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan 404
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan 413
| | - Ruo-Kai Lin
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan 110
| | - Tzong-Huei Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
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Lee MS, Hsiao CJ, Ju YM, Kuod YH, Lin RK, Lee TH. Terpenoids from the Fermented Broths of Coprinellus radians. Nat Prod Commun 2016; 11:1229-1230. [PMID: 30807006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
One new sesquiterpenoid, namely coprinol (1), along with guanacastanes J (2), E (3) and N (4), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extracts of the fermented broths of the fungal strain Coprinellus radians ≠1168. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis. The growth inhibitory activities against A549 of 1-4 were evaluated, and only 4 exhibited moderate growth inhibitory activity with a GI₅₀ value of 18.2 μM compared with fluorouracil (GI₅₀ = 3.6 μM). All the compounds were also subjected to antifungal assay against Candida albicans ATCC 18804, C. albicans SC-5314, Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 13690 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 2345; all showed mild antifungal activity with MIC values of 128.0 μg/mL for 1-3 and 64.0 μg/mL for 4 in comparison with amphotericin B (MIC = 0.25 μg/mL) and ketoconazole (MIC = 1.0 μg/mL).
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29
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Réblová M, Miller AN, Rossman AY, Seifert KA, Crous PW, Hawksworth DL, Abdel-Wahab MA, Cannon PF, Daranagama DA, De Beer ZW, Huang SK, Hyde KD, Jayawardena R, Jaklitsch W, Jones EBG, Ju YM, Judith C, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Pang KL, Petrini LE, Raja HA, Romero AI, Shearer C, Senanayake IC, Voglmayr H, Weir BS, Wijayawarden NN. Recommendations for competing sexual-asexually typified generic names in Sordariomycetes (except Diaporthales, Hypocreales, and Magnaporthales). IMA Fungus 2016; 7:131-53. [PMID: 27433444 PMCID: PMC4941682 DOI: 10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.01.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advance to one scientific name for each fungal species, the generic names in the class Sordariomycetes typified by sexual and asexual morphs are evaluated based on their type species to determine if they compete with each other for use or protection. Recommendations are made for which of the competing generic names should be used based on criteria such as priority, number of potential names changes, and frequency of use. Some recommendations for well-known genera include Arthrinium over Apiospora, Colletotrichum over Glomerella, Menispora over Zignoëlla, Microdochium over Monographella, Nigrospora over Khuskia, and Plectosphaerella over Plectosporium. All competing generic names are listed in a table of recommended names along with the required action. If priority is not accorded to sexually typified generic names after 2017, only four names would require formal protection: Chaetosphaerella over Oedemium, Diatrype over Libertella, Microdochium over Monographella, and Phaeoacremonium over Romellia and Togninia. Concerning species in the recommended genera, one replacement name (Xylaria benjaminii nom. nov.) is introduced, and the following new combinations are made: Arthrinium sinense, Chloridium caesium, C. chloroconium, C. gonytrichii, Corollospora marina, C. parvula, C. ramulosa, Juncigena fruticosae, Melanospora simplex, Seimatosporium massarina, Sporoschisma daemonoropis, S. taitense, Torpedospora mangrovei, Xylaria penicilliopsis, and X. termiticola combs. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Réblová
- Department of Taxonomy, Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prùhonice 252 43, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew N. Miller
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA
| | - Amy Y. Rossman
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Keith A. Seifert
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Biodiversity (Mycology and Microbiology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6 Canada
| | - Pedro W. Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David L. Hawksworth
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Mohamed A. Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Paul F. Cannon
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Dinushani A. Daranagama
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Z. Wilhelm De Beer
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Shi-Ke Huang
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Ruvvishika Jayawardena
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Walter Jaklitsch
- Institute of Forest Entomology, Forest Pathology and Forest Protection, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E. B. Gareth Jones
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115 29, Taiwan
| | - Caroline Judith
- Department of Mycology, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 8, 123 Al Khoud, Oman
| | - Ka-Lai Pang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Centre of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan (ROC)
| | | | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 457 Sullivan Science Building, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, USA
| | - Andrea I Romero
- Instituto de Micología y Botánica, UBA-CONICET, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Piso 4°, Lab 6, Av. Int. Güiraldes 2620. Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carol Shearer
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA
| | - Indunil C. Senanayake
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Hermann Voglmayr
- Division of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bevan S. Weir
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nalin N. Wijayawarden
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
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Cho TY, Wang GJ, Ju YM, Chen MC, Lee TH. Chemical Constituents from Termite-associatedXylaria acuminatilongissimaYMJ623. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201500525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Ophiocordycipitaceae is a highly diverse fungal family parasitizing a wide range of arthropods and hypogeous fungi. We collected two ophiocordycipitaceous species previously unknown in Taiwan: one emerged from hypogeous fruiting bodies of an Elaphomyces fungus and the other was associated with dragonflies. RESULTS Based on gross morphology, microscopic features, ITS sequences, and hosts, the two ophiocordycipitaceous fungi were identified as Tolypocladium japonicum and Ophiocordyceps odonatae. We isolated axenic cultures of these two fungi, and their anamorphs were obtained. The simplicillium-like anamorph of T. japonicum is described herein for the first time. The anamorph of O. odonatae produce conidia holoblastically in sympodial sequence and is assignable to Hymenostilbe. A dichotomous key to the species of Ophiocordycipitaceae reported in Taiwan is provided. CONCLUSION A thorough literature study indicates that the two fungi reported herein have rarely been collected. Our identifications of T. japonicum and O. odonatae agree well with descriptions in the literature and are highly supported by DNA sequence analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hong Ke
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chang YC, Lu CK, Chiang YR, Wang GJ, Ju YM, Kuo YH, Lee TH. Diterpene glycosides and polyketides from Xylotumulus gibbisporus. J Nat Prod 2014; 77:751-757. [PMID: 24597849 DOI: 10.1021/np400523k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Four new tetracyclic diterpene glycosides, namely, sordarins C-F (1-4), and three new γ-lactone polyketides, namely, xylogiblactones A-C (5-7), along with sordarin were isolated from the ethyl acetate extracts of the fermented broths of Xylotumulus gibbisporus YMJ863. The structures of 1-7 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analyses. The configurations of 1-4 were deduced by NOESY, molecular modeling, and comparison with the literature. The relative configurations of 5-7 were deduced by X-ray crystallographic analysis of 5. Compounds 1-5 and sordarin were evaluated in an antifungal assay using Candida albicans ATCC 18804, C. albicans ATCC MYA-2876, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 2345, and only sordarin exhibited significant antifungal activities against these fungal strains, with MIC values of 64.0, 32.0, and 32.0 μg/mL, respectively. The effect of compounds 1-7 and sordarin on the inhibition of NO production in lipopolysaccharide-activated murine macrophages was also evaluated. Compounds 2 and sordarin inhibited NO production with IC50 values of 327.2±46.6 and 157.1±24.1 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chih Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan 110
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Sun PL, Mu CA, Fan CC, Fan YC, Hu JM, Ju YM. Cat favus caused by Microsporum incurvatum comb. nov.: the clinical and histopathological features and molecular phylogeny. Med Mycol 2014; 52:276-84. [PMID: 24625676 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myt023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Favus is a distinctive form of infection that is caused by exclusively dermatophytes. Its clinical presentation is characterized by scutula, which are concave, thick fungal crusts. The best-known examples of human scalp favus are caused by Trichophyton schoenleinii and those of mouse favus are caused by T. quinckeanum. However, other dermatophytes, such as T. violaceum, T. verrucosum, Microsporum audouinii, M. gallinae, M. gypseum, and M. canis, have been reported sporadically to cause favic lesions. Favus on cats has rarely been mentioned in the literature, and the pathogens with which it has been associated are, for the most part, unknown. Here, we examine four cat favus cases, focusing on clinical presentations and histopathological features. In all cases the etiologic agent was identified as M. incurvatum based on its morphological characteristics and sequences of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic analysis using the neighbor-joining method, which is based on ITS, showed that these four isolates belonged to two strains of M. incurvatum; one strain was a new combination from the basionym Nannizzia incurvata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lun Sun
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Fu CH, Hsieh HM, Chen CY, Chang TT, Huang YM, Ju YM. Ophiodiaporthe cyatheae gen. et sp. nov., a diaporthalean pathogen causing a devastating wilt disease of Cyathea lepifera in Taiwan. Mycologia 2013; 105:861-72. [PMID: 23709481 DOI: 10.3852/12-346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The scaly tree fern, Cyathea lepifera, in Taiwan has been devastated by an ascomycetous pathogen in recent years. This fungus resembles species of Diaporthe, but unlike anamorphs of Diaporthe that produce two types of conidia, its anamorph produces one conidium type. It is described herein as Ophiodiaporthe cyatheae gen. et sp. nov. Through pathogenicity tests, O. cyatheae was demonstrated to be the causal agent of the C. lepifera wilt disease. Of interest, sporulating structures of O. cyatheae have not been found on C. lepifera plants but in culture thus far. The mating system is homothallic. Phylogenetic analyses based on combined sequences of nSSU-rDNA, nLSU-rDNA, EF1-α-1 and RPB2 placed O. cyatheae in Diaporthaceae. Combined sequences of EF1-α-2 and TUB indicated that O. cyatheae had its origin within Diaporthe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuen-Hsu Fu
- Division on Forest Protection, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
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Sun PL, Peng PC, Wu PH, Chiang YL, Ju YM, Chang CC, Wang PC. Canine eumycetoma caused byCladophialophora bantianain a Maltese: case report and literature review. Mycoses 2013; 56:376-81. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wang GJ, Liang WL, Ju YM, Yang WB, Chang YW, Lee TH. Inhibitory Effects of Terpenoids from the Fermented Broth of the Ascomycete Stilbohypoxylon elaeicola YMJ173 on Nitric Oxide Production in RAW264.7 Macrophages. Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:131-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Liang WL, Hsiao CJ, Ju YM, Lee LH, Lee TH. Chemical Constituents of the Fermented Broth of the Ascomycete Theissenia cinerea 89091602. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:2285-90. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mathew GM, Ju YM, Lai CY, Mathew DC, Huang CC. Microbial community analysis in the termite gut and fungus comb of Odontotermes formosanus: the implication of Bacillus as mutualists. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2011; 79:504-17. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gincy Marina Mathew
- Department of Life Sciences; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung; Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology; Academia Sinica; Taipei; Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yung Lai
- Department of Biology; National Changhua University of Education; Changhua; Taiwan
| | - Dony Chacko Mathew
- Department of Life Sciences; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung; Taiwan
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Abstract
A variety of non-dermatophyte moulds can cause human onychomycosis. We report an unusual case of onychomycosis caused by Phaeoacremonium parasiticum, which has not been mentioned in the literature before. The diagnosis was made by a clinical-mycological correlation. The pathogen was identified by morphological characteristics and further confirmed by sequencing of the β-tubulin gene.
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Ng IS, Tsai SW, Ju YM, Yu SM, Ho THD. Dynamic synergistic effect on Trichoderma reesei cellulases by novel β-glucosidases from Taiwanese fungi. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:6073-81. [PMID: 21377353 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.12.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic synergistic effects in cellulosic bioconversion have been revealed between Trichoderma reesei cellulases and β-glucosidases (BGLs) from six Taiwanese fungi. A high level of synergy (8.9-fold) was observed with the addition of Chaetomella raphigera BGL to T. reesei cellulases. In addition, the C. raphigera BGL possessed the highest activity (V(max)/K(m)=46.6 U/mg mM) and lowest glucose inhibition (Ki=4.6mM) with the substrate 4-nitrophenyl β-d-glucopyranoside. For the natural cellobiose substrate, however, the previously isolated Aspergillus niger BGL Novo-188 had the highest V(max)/K(m) (0.72 U/mg mM) and lowest Ki (59.5mM). The demonstrated dynamic synergistic effects between some BGLs and the T. reesei cellulase system suggest that BGLs not only prevent the inhibition by cellobiose, but also enhance activities of endo- and exo-cellulases in cellulosic bioconversion. Comparisons of kinetic parameters and synergism analyses between BGLs and T. reesei cellulases can be used for further optimization of the cellulosic bioconversion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Ng IS, Chen PT, Ju YM, Tsai SW. Novel Cellulase Screening and Optimal Production from the Wood Decaying Xylariaceae: Daldinia Species. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010. [PMID: 20960239 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-010-9102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The highest cellulases production from Daldinia caldariorum 263 (D-263) was found among Daldinia eschscholzii and Daldinia childiae. Three cellulases, one xylanase and one β-glucosidase of the molecular weights 55, 43, 34, 30, and 105 kDa, respectively, were determined by zymographic sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. From the N-terminal sequencing, the major cellulase CelA belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 5 was determined. By following an orthogonal experiment design (L9), factors affecting the cultivation of D. caldariorum 263 are ranked as medium composition > temperature > pH ≥ FP (%). The optimum cultivation conditions for obtaining the best FPase (600 mU/ml) at 72 h are 150 rpm, 35 °C, pH 7, 0.2% soy peptone and 0.5% α-cellulose in minimal requirement medium. In comparison with Trichoderma reesei (ATCC26921) secreting 1,135 mU/ml of FPase after 6 days cultivation at pH 5, D. caldariorum 263 grew faster at 35 °C and produced the maximum FPase within 3 days at pH 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China,
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Abstract
The species known in China as the chicken-claw fungus is described as a new species, Xylaria coprinicola. This species is known as an antagonist of cultivation of the edible mushroom Coprinus comatus. Stromata of X. coprinicola are cylindrical, terminate in a sterile apex and arise in fascicles from a relative large submerged base; perithecia are immersed and have conspicuously conical ostiolar openings; ascospores are minute. Phylogenetic analyses based on combined partial sequences of rpb2, β-tub and α-act genes showed that X. coprinicola is closely related to those Xylaria species exclusively associated with termite nests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Two γ-lactone derivatives, namely neosartolactone (1) and its 7-methyl ester analogue (2), have been isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the fermented broth of Neosartorya sp. isolated in Taiwan. Structural elucidations of compounds 1 and 2 were achieved on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Although they had been obtained via the chemical modification of avenaciolide isolated from Aspergillus avenaceus several decades ago, this is the first report to describe them from a natural resource with detailed spectroscopic interpretations. The effects of 1 and 2 on the inhibition of NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophages were further evaluated. Compounds 1 and 2 significantly inhibited NO production with the IC(50) values of 12.2 ± 1.5 and 11.4 ± 1.0 µM, respectively; but displayed cytotoxicity at considerably higher concentrations than 50 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sien-Sing Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ko WH, Tsou YJ, Ju YM, Hsieh HM, Ann PJ. Production of a fungistatic substance by Pseudallescheria boydii isolated from soil amended with vegetable tissues and its significance. Mycopathologia 2009; 169:125-31. [PMID: 19760090 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-009-9237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Four fungal isolates that were able to use vegetable tissues for multiplication in soil were isolated and identified as Pseudallescheria boydii based on morphological characteristics and ITS sequence similarity. When grown in broth prepared from the same vegetable tissues used in soil amendment, all these isolates of P. boydii produced a substance capable of reducing the disease incidence of black leaf spot of spoon cabbage caused by Alternaria brassicicola and inhibiting the germination of A. brassicicola conidia. The substance, which was fungistatic, was very stable under high temperature and high or low pH value. It was soluble in polar solvents and insoluble in non-polar solvents. Molecular weight estimation and ion exchange ability tests suggest that the fungistatic compound has a molecular weight between 500 and 1,000 and has no charge on its molecule. Results from this study suggest the possession of a strong competitive saprophytic ability by P. boydii, which in turn may explain the widespread occurrence of this human pathogen in soil. Production of a fungistatic substance when P. boydii was grown in broth prepared from vegetable tissues suggests the importance of antibiotic production in its competitive saprophytic colonization of organic matters in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsiung Ko
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Three new species of Xylaria, X. lepidota, X. primorskensis and X. sibirica were collected from Primorsky Territory in Russian Far East and neighboring areas. Xylaria primorskensis is a species with erect, stipitate stromata, whereas X. lepidota and X. sibirica produce stunted, sessile stromata. Cultures were obtained from X. primorskensis and X. sibirica. Xylaria sibirica formed a Xylocoremium anamorph in culture, while X. primorskensis remained sterile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Chi Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Nine species of Xylaria were collected in Taiwan from nests of Odontotermes formosanus, the only known macrotermitine termite in Taiwan. These include six newly described species, X. acuminatilongissima, X. atrodivaricata, X. brunneovinosa, X. griseosepiacea, X. intraflava and X. ochraceostroma, and three previously known species, X. cirrata, X. escharoidea and X. nigripes. We obtained cultures and ITS sequences from the nine species found in Taiwan and describe anamorphs for eight of them. Before the current study teleomorph-anamorph connections in the Xylaria species associated with termite nests have been established unequivocally in X. escharoidea only. Xylaria angulosa, X. fimbriata, X. kedahae, X. micrura, X. radicans, X. reinkingii and X. tolosa also are considered and annotated because they were reported to grow on ground and likely are associated with termite nests. Epitypifications are made for X. cirrata, X. escharoidea and X. nigripes. Xylaria sanchezii is considered a nomen dubium. Photographs are presented for most of the aforementioned species. A dichotomous key to 25 Xylaria species growing on termite nests or ground also is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Theissenia rogersii deviates from known Theissenia species primarily in having large ascospores with a thick wall layer and a unique configuration of two stromatal tissue types, one carbonaceous and the other fibrous. The carbonaceous tissue forms palisades on and beneath the perithecial layer as well as encasing individual perithecia, whereas the fibrous tissue fills the spaces between columns of the palisades as well as between encased perithecia. Phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences of beta-tubulin and alpha-actin genes placed Theissenia in the subfamily Hypoxyloideae among the genera that are characterized by having bipartite stromata (i.e. with the stromata differentiated into an outer dehiscing layer and an inner perithecium-bearing layer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Ju
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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Bitzer J, Köpcke B, Stadler M, Hellwig V, Ju YM, Seip S, Henkel T. Accelerated Dereplication of Natural Products, Supported by Reference Libraries. Chimia (Aarau) 2007. [DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2007.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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