1
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Steenwyk JL, Balamurugan C, Raja HA, Gonçalves C, Li N, Martin F, Berman J, Oberlies NH, Gibbons JG, Goldman GH, Geiser DM, Houbraken J, Hibbett DS, Rokas A. Phylogenomics reveals extensive misidentification of fungal strains from the genus Aspergillus. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0398023. [PMID: 38445873 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03980-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Modern taxonomic classification is often based on phylogenetic analyses of a few molecular markers, although single-gene studies are still common. Here, we leverage genome-scale molecular phylogenetics (phylogenomics) of species and populations to reconstruct evolutionary relationships in a dense data set of 710 fungal genomes from the biomedically and technologically important genus Aspergillus. To do so, we generated a novel set of 1,362 high-quality molecular markers specific for Aspergillus and provided profile Hidden Markov Models for each, facilitating their use by others. Examining the resulting phylogeny helped resolve ongoing taxonomic controversies, identified new ones, and revealed extensive strain misidentification (7.59% of strains were previously misidentified), underscoring the importance of population-level sampling in species classification. These findings were corroborated using the current standard, taxonomically informative loci. These findings suggest that phylogenomics of species and populations can facilitate accurate taxonomic classifications and reconstructions of the Tree of Life.IMPORTANCEIdentification of fungal species relies on the use of molecular markers. Advances in genomic technologies have made it possible to sequence the genome of any fungal strain, making it possible to use genomic data for the accurate assignment of strains to fungal species (and for the discovery of new ones). We examined the usefulness and current limitations of genomic data using a large data set of 710 publicly available genomes from multiple strains and species of the biomedically, agriculturally, and industrially important genus Aspergillus. Our evolutionary genomic analyses revealed that nearly 8% of publicly available Aspergillus genomes are misidentified. Our work highlights the usefulness of genomic data for fungal systematic biology and suggests that systematic genome sequencing of multiple strains, including reference strains (e.g., type strains), of fungal species will be required to reduce misidentification errors in public databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Steenwyk
- Howards Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charu Balamurugan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carla Gonçalves
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ningxiao Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- USDA-ARS, Salinas, California, USA
| | | | - Judith Berman
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - John G Gibbons
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gustavo H Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciencias Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David M Geiser
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jos Houbraken
- Food and Indoor Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David S Hibbett
- Biology Department, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg, Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Rinker DC, Sauters TJC, Steffen K, Gumilang A, Raja HA, Rangel-Grimaldo M, Pinzan CF, de Castro PA, dos Reis TF, Delbaje E, Houbraken J, Goldman GH, Oberlies NH, Rokas A. Strain heterogeneity in a non-pathogenic fungus highlights factors contributing to virulence. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.08.583994. [PMID: 38496489 PMCID: PMC10942418 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.583994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Fungal pathogens exhibit extensive strain heterogeneity, including variation in virulence. Whether closely related non-pathogenic species also exhibit strain heterogeneity remains unknown. Here, we comprehensively characterized the pathogenic potentials (i.e., the ability to cause morbidity and mortality) of 16 diverse strains of Aspergillus fischeri, a non-pathogenic close relative of the major pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. In vitro immune response assays and in vivo virulence assays using a mouse model of pulmonary aspergillosis showed that A. fischeri strains varied widely in their pathogenic potential. Furthermore, pangenome analyses suggest that A. fischeri genomic and phenotypic diversity is even greater. Genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic profiling identified several pathways and secondary metabolites associated with variation in virulence. Notably, strain virulence was associated with the simultaneous presence of the secondary metabolites hexadehydroastechrome and gliotoxin. We submit that examining the pathogenic potentials of non-pathogenic close relatives is key for understanding the origins of fungal pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Rinker
- Department of Biological Sciences and Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas J. C. Sauters
- Department of Biological Sciences and Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Karin Steffen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Adiyantara Gumilang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Manuel Rangel-Grimaldo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Camila Figueiredo Pinzan
- Faculdade de Ciencias Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Alves de Castro
- Faculdade de Ciencias Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaila Fernanda dos Reis
- Faculdade de Ciencias Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Endrews Delbaje
- Faculdade de Ciencias Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jos Houbraken
- Food and Indoor Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gustavo H. Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciencias Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences and Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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3
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Rebollar-Ramos D, Ovalle-Magallanes B, Raja HA, Jacome-Rebollo M, Figueroa M, Tovar-Palacio C, Noriega LG, Madariaga-Mazón A, Mata R. Antidiabetic Potential of a Trimeric Anthranilic Acid Peptide Isolated from Malbranchea flocciformis. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301602. [PMID: 38102075 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Compound 3, a trimeric anthranilic acid peptide, and another three metabolites were isolated from an organic extract from the culture medium of Malbranchea flocciformis ATCC 34530. The chemical structure proposed previously for 3 was unequivocally assigned via synthesis and X-ray diffraction analysis. Tripeptide 3 showed insulinotropic properties by decreasing the postprandial peak in healthy and hyperglycemic mice. It also increased glucose-induced insulin secretion in INS-1E at 5 μM, specifically at higher glucose concentrations. These results revealed that 3 might act as an insulin sensitizer and a non-classical insulin secretagogue. Altogether, these findings are in harmony with the in vivo oral glucose tolerance test and acute oral hypoglycemic assay. Finally, the chemical composition of the extract was established by the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Network platform. Phylogenetic analysis using the internal transcribed spacer region revealed that M. flocciformis ATCC 34530 is related to the Malbrancheaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rebollar-Ramos
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | | | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC-27412, USA
| | - Mariano Jacome-Rebollo
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Mario Figueroa
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Claudia Tovar-Palacio
- Dirección de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, 14080, México
| | - Lilia G Noriega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, 14080, México
| | - Abraham Madariaga-Mazón
- Instituto de Química Unidad Mérida and f Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas Unidad Mérida, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Rachel Mata
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
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4
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Shepherd RA, Earp CE, Cank KB, Raja HA, Burdette J, Maher SP, Marin AA, Ruberto AA, Mai SL, Darveaux BA, Kyle DE, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH. Sheptide A: an antimalarial cyclic pentapeptide from a fungal strain in the Herpotrichiellaceae. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2023; 76:642-649. [PMID: 37731043 PMCID: PMC10602849 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-023-00655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
As part of ongoing efforts to isolate biologically active fungal metabolites, a cyclic pentapeptide, sheptide A (1), was discovered from strain MSX53339 (Herpotrichiellaceae). The structure and sequence of 1 were determined primarily by analysis of 2D NMR and HRMS/MS data, while the absolute configuration was assigned using a modified version of Marfey's method. In an in vitro assay for antimalarial potency, 1 displayed a pEC50 value of 5.75 ± 0.49 against malaria-causing Plasmodium falciparum. Compound 1 was also tested in a counter screen for general cytotoxicity against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), yielding a pCC50 value of 5.01 ± 0.45 and indicating a selectivity factor of ~6. This makes 1 the third known cyclic pentapeptide biosynthesized by fungi with antimalarial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Shepherd
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Cody E Earp
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Kristof B Cank
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Joanna Burdette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven P Maher
- Center for Tropical & Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Adriana A Marin
- Center for Tropical & Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anthony A Ruberto
- Center for Tropical & Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Sarah Lee Mai
- Center for Tropical & Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Dennis E Kyle
- Center for Tropical & Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
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5
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Steenwyk JL, Knowles S, Bastos RW, Balamurugan C, Rinker D, Mead ME, Roberts CD, Raja HA, Li Y, Colabardini AC, de Castro PA, dos Reis TF, Canóvas D, Sanchez RL, Lagrou K, Torrado E, Rodrigues F, Oberlies NH, Zhou X, Goldman GH, Rokas A. Evolutionary origin, population diversity, and diagnostics for a cryptic hybrid pathogen. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.03.547508. [PMID: 37461539 PMCID: PMC10350022 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.03.547508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Cryptic fungal pathogens pose significant identification and disease management challenges due to their morphological resemblance to known pathogenic species while harboring genetic and (often) infectionrelevant trait differences. The cryptic fungal pathogen Aspergillus latus, an allodiploid hybrid originating from Aspergillus spinulosporus and an unknown close relative of Aspergillus quadrilineatus within section Nidulantes, remains poorly understood. The absence of accurate diagnostics for A. latus has led to misidentifications, hindering epidemiological studies and the design of effective treatment plans. We conducted an in-depth investigation of the genomes and phenotypes of 44 globally distributed isolates (41 clinical isolates and three type strains) from Aspergillus section Nidulantes. We found that 21 clinical isolates were A. latus; notably, standard methods of pathogen identification misidentified all A. latus isolates. The remaining isolates were identified as A. spinulosporus (8), A. quadrilineatus (1), or A. nidulans (11). Phylogenomic analyses shed light on the origin of A. latus, indicating one or two hybridization events gave rise to the species during the Miocene, approximately 15.4 to 8.8 million years ago. Characterizing the A. latus pangenome uncovered substantial genetic diversity within gene families and biosynthetic gene clusters. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that both parental genomes are actively expressed in nearly equal proportions and respond to environmental stimuli. Further investigation into infection-relevant chemical and physiological traits, including drug resistance profiles, growth under oxidative stress conditions, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis, highlight distinct phenotypic profiles of the hybrid A. latus compared to its parental and closely related species. Leveraging our comprehensive genomic and phenotypic analyses, we propose five genomic and phenotypic markers as diagnostics for A. latus species identification. These findings provide valuable insights into the evolutionary origin, genomic outcome, and phenotypic implications of hybridization in a cryptic fungal pathogen, thus enhancing our understanding of the underlying processes contributing to fungal pathogenesis. Furthermore, our study underscores the effectiveness of extensive genomic and phenotypic analyses as a promising approach for developing diagnostics applicable to future investigations of cryptic and emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L. Steenwyk
- Howards Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biological Sciences, VU Station B #35–1634, Nashville, TN 37235, United States of America
- Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Sonja Knowles
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Rafael W. Bastos
- Faculdade de Ciencias Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - Charu Balamurugan
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biological Sciences, VU Station B #35–1634, Nashville, TN 37235, United States of America
- Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - David Rinker
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biological Sciences, VU Station B #35–1634, Nashville, TN 37235, United States of America
- Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Matthew E. Mead
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biological Sciences, VU Station B #35–1634, Nashville, TN 37235, United States of America
- Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Christopher D. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Yuanning Li
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ana Cristina Colabardini
- Faculdade de Ciencias Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Alves de Castro
- Faculdade de Ciencias Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaila Fernanda dos Reis
- Faculdade de Ciencias Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David Canóvas
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael Luperini Sanchez
- Faculdade de Ciencias Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katrien Lagrou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Centre for Mycosis, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Egídio Torrado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4715-495 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4715-495 Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernando Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4715-495 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4715-495 Braga, Portugal
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Xiaofan Zhou
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gustavo H. Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciencias Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biological Sciences, VU Station B #35–1634, Nashville, TN 37235, United States of America
- Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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6
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Caesar LK, Butun FA, Robey MT, Ayon NJ, Gupta R, Dainko D, Bok JW, Nickles G, Stankey RJ, Johnson D, Mead D, Cank KB, Earp CE, Raja HA, Oberlies NH, Keller NP, Kelleher NL. Correlative metabologenomics of 110 fungi reveals metabolite-gene cluster pairs. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:846-854. [PMID: 36879060 PMCID: PMC10313767 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural products research increasingly applies -omics technologies to guide molecular discovery. While the combined analysis of genomic and metabolomic datasets has proved valuable for identifying natural products and their biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in bacteria, this integrated approach lacks application to fungi. Because fungi are hyper-diverse and underexplored for new chemistry and bioactivities, we created a linked genomics-metabolomics dataset for 110 Ascomycetes, and optimized both gene cluster family (GCF) networking parameters and correlation-based scoring for pairing fungal natural products with their BGCs. Using a network of 3,007 GCFs (organized from 7,020 BGCs), we examined 25 known natural products originating from 16 known BGCs and observed statistically significant associations between 21 of these compounds and their validated BGCs. Furthermore, the scalable platform identified the BGC for the pestalamides, demystifying its biogenesis, and revealed more than 200 high-scoring natural product-GCF linkages to direct future discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K Caesar
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Fatma A Butun
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Matthew T Robey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Navid J Ayon
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Raveena Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - David Dainko
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jin Woo Bok
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Grant Nickles
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kristof B Cank
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Cody E Earp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Nancy P Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Neil L Kelleher
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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7
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Kyle KE, Puckett SP, Caraballo-Rodríguez AM, Rivera-Chávez J, Samples RM, Earp CE, Raja HA, Pearce CJ, Ernst M, van der Hooft JJJ, Adams ME, Oberlies NH, Dorrestein PC, Klassen JL, Balunas MJ. Trachymyrmex septentrionalis ants promote fungus garden hygiene using Trichoderma-derived metabolite cues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219373120. [PMID: 37319116 PMCID: PMC10288546 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219373120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungus-growing ants depend on a fungal mutualist that can fall prey to fungal pathogens. This mutualist is cultivated by these ants in structures called fungus gardens. Ants exhibit weeding behaviors that keep their fungus gardens healthy by physically removing compromised pieces. However, how ants detect diseases of their fungus gardens is unknown. Here, we applied the logic of Koch's postulates using environmental fungal community gene sequencing, fungal isolation, and laboratory infection experiments to establish that Trichoderma spp. can act as previously unrecognized pathogens of Trachymyrmex septentrionalis fungus gardens. Our environmental data showed that Trichoderma are the most abundant noncultivar fungi in wild T. septentrionalis fungus gardens. We further determined that metabolites produced by Trichoderma induce an ant weeding response that mirrors their response to live Trichoderma. Combining ant behavioral experiments with bioactivity-guided fractionation and statistical prioritization of metabolites in Trichoderma extracts demonstrated that T. septentrionalis ants weed in response to peptaibols, a specific class of secondary metabolites known to be produced by Trichoderma fungi. Similar assays conducted using purified peptaibols, including the two previously undescribed peptaibols trichokindins VIII and IX, suggested that weeding is likely induced by peptaibols as a class rather than by a single peptaibol metabolite. In addition to their presence in laboratory experiments, we detected peptaibols in wild fungus gardens. Our combination of environmental data and laboratory infection experiments strongly support that peptaibols act as chemical cues of Trichoderma pathogenesis in T. septentrionalis fungus gardens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E. Kyle
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
| | - Sara P. Puckett
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Andrés Mauricio Caraballo-Rodríguez
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093-0657
| | - José Rivera-Chávez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC27402
- Department of Natural Products, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Robert M. Samples
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
| | - Cody E. Earp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC27402
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC27402
| | | | - Madeleine Ernst
- Department of Congenital Disorders, Section for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Statens Serum Institut, 2300Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Justin J. J. van der Hooft
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PBWageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Madison E. Adams
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC27402
| | - Pieter C. Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093-0657
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093-0657
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093-0657
| | - Jonathan L. Klassen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT06269
| | - Marcy J. Balunas
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
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8
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Winter HL, Flores-Bocanegra L, Cank KB, Crandall WJ, Rotich FC, Tillman MN, Todd DA, Graf TN, Raja HA, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH, Cech NB. What was old is new again: Phenotypic screening of a unique fungal library yields pyridoxatin, a promising lead against extensively resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (AB5075). Phytochem Lett 2023; 55:88-96. [PMID: 37252254 PMCID: PMC10210987 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytol.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Due to the emergence of resistance, the World Health Organization considers Gram-negative pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii a top priority for therapeutic development. Using this priority pathogen and a phenotypic, agar plate-based assay, a unique library of extracts from 2,500 diverse fungi was screened for antimicrobial activity against a highly virulent, drug-resistant strain of A. baumannii (AB5075). The most potent hit from this screen was an extract from the fungus Tolypocladium sp., which was found to produce pyridoxatin. Another active extract from the fungi Trichoderma deliquescens was characterized and yielded trichokonin VII and trichokonin VIII. Evaluation of pyridoxatin against A. baumannii (AB5075) in a broth microdilution assay revealed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 38 μM, compared to the known antibiotic levofloxacin with MIC of 28 μM. Mass spectrometry, Marfey's analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analyses confirmed the structures of trichokonins VII and VIII to be consistent with previous reports. In an in vivo Galleria mellonella model, pyridoxatin tested at 150 mg/kg exhibited minimal toxicity (90% survival) and promising antimicrobial efficacy (50% survival) after 5 days. Trichokonins VII and VIII tested at 150 mg/kg were toxic to G. mellonella, with 20% survival and 40% survival after 5 days, respectively. The findings of this project suggest that pyridoxatin may serve as a lead compound for the development of antimicrobials against A. baumannii. They also demonstrate the value of the phenotypic screening approach employed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L. Winter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Laura Flores-Bocanegra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Kristóf B. Cank
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - William J. Crandall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Fridah C. Rotich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Madeline N. Tillman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Daniel A. Todd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Tyler N. Graf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | | | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Nadja B. Cech
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
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9
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Al Subeh Z, Flores-Bocanegra L, Raja HA, Burdette JE, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH. Embellicines C-E: Macrocyclic Alkaloids with a Cyclopenta[b]fluorene Ring System from the Fungus Sarocladium sp. J Nat Prod 2023; 86:596-603. [PMID: 36884371 PMCID: PMC10043936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic alkaloids with a cyclopenta[b]fluorene ring system are a relatively young structural class of fungal metabolites, with the first members reported in 2013. Bioassay-guided fractionation of a Sarocladium sp. (fungal strain MSX6737) led to a series of both known and new members of this structural class (1-5), including the known embellicine A (1), three new embellicine analogues (2, 4, and 5), and a semisynthetic acetylated analogue (3). The structures were identified by examining both high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry data and one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR spectra. The relative configurations of these molecules were established via 1H-1H coupling constants and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy, while comparisons of the experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra with the time-dependent density functional theory ECD calculations were utilized to assign their absolute configurations, which were in good agreement with the literature. These alkaloids (1-5) showed cytotoxic activity against a human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) that ranged from 0.4 to 4.8 μM. Compounds 1 and 5 were also cytotoxic against human ovarian (OVCAR3) and melanoma (MDA-MB-435) cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab
Y. Al Subeh
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro 27402, North Carolina, United States
| | - Laura Flores-Bocanegra
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro 27402, North Carolina, United States
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro 27402, North Carolina, United States
| | - Joanna E. Burdette
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60612, Illinois, United States
| | - Cedric J. Pearce
- Mycosynthetix,
Inc., Hillsborough 27278, North Carolina, United States
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro 27402, North Carolina, United States
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10
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Hatmaker EA, Rangel-Grimaldo M, Raja HA, Pourhadi H, Knowles SL, Fuller K, Adams EM, Lightfoot JD, Bastos RW, Goldman GH, Oberlies NH, Rokas A. Genomic and Phenotypic Trait Variation of the Opportunistic Human Pathogen Aspergillus flavus and Its Close Relatives. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0306922. [PMID: 36318036 PMCID: PMC9769809 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03069-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal diseases affect millions of humans annually, yet fungal pathogens remain understudied. The mold Aspergillus flavus can cause both aspergillosis and fungal keratitis infections, but closely related species are not considered clinically relevant. To study the evolution of A. flavus pathogenicity, we examined genomic and phenotypic traits of two strains of A. flavus and three closely related species, Aspergillus arachidicola (two strains), Aspergillus parasiticus (two strains), and Aspergillus nomiae (one strain). We identified >3,000 orthologous proteins unique to A. flavus, including seven biosynthetic gene clusters present in A. flavus strains and absent in the three nonpathogens. We characterized secondary metabolite production for all seven strains under two clinically relevant conditions, temperature and salt concentration. Temperature impacted metabolite production in all species, whereas salinity did not affect production of any species. Strains of the same species produced different metabolites. Growth under stress conditions revealed additional heterogeneity within species. Using the invertebrate fungal disease model Galleria mellonella, we found virulence of strains of the same species varied widely; A. flavus strains were not more virulent than strains of the nonpathogens. In a murine model of fungal keratitis, we observed significantly lower disease severity and corneal thickness for A. arachidicola compared to other species at 48 h postinfection, but not at 72 h. Our work identifies variations in key phenotypic, chemical, and genomic attributes between A. flavus and its nonpathogenic relatives and reveals extensive strain heterogeneity in virulence that does not correspond to the currently established clinical relevance of these species. IMPORTANCE Aspergillus flavus is a filamentous fungus that causes opportunistic human infections, such as aspergillosis and fungal keratitis, but its close relatives are considered nonpathogenic. To begin understanding how this difference in pathogenicity evolved, we characterized variation in infection-relevant genomic, chemical, and phenotypic traits between strains of A. flavus and its relatives. We found extensive variation (or strain heterogeneity) within the pathogenic A. flavus as well as within its close relatives, suggesting that strain-level differences may play a major role in the ability of these fungi to cause disease. Surprisingly, we also found that the virulence of strains from species not considered to be pathogens was similar to that of A. flavus in both invertebrate and murine models of disease. These results contrast with previous studies on Aspergillus fumigatus, another major pathogen in the genus, for which significant differences in infection-relevant chemical and phenotypic traits are observed between closely related pathogenic and nonpathogenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Anne Hatmaker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Manuel Rangel-Grimaldo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hadi Pourhadi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sonja L. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin Fuller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Emily M. Adams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jorge D. Lightfoot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Rafael W. Bastos
- Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H. Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Evolutionary Studies Initiative, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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11
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Abstract
Covering: 2002 to 2020In their natural environment, fungi must compete for resources. It has been hypothesized that this competition likely induces the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites for defence. In a quest to discover new chemical diversity from fungal cultures, a growing trend has been to recapitulate this competitive environment in the laboratory, essentially growing fungi in co-culture. This review covers fungal-fungal co-culture studies beginning with the first literature report in 2002. Since then, there has been a growing number of new secondary metabolites reported as a result of fungal co-culture studies. Specifically, this review discusses and provides insights into (1) rationale for pairing fungal strains, (2) ways to grow fungi for co-culture, (3) different approaches to screening fungal co-cultures for chemical diversity, (4) determining the secondary metabolite-producing strain, and (5) final thoughts regarding the fungal-fungal co-culture approach. Our goal is to provide a set of practical strategies for fungal co-culture studies to generate unique chemical diversity that the natural products research community can utilize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja L Knowles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
| | - Christopher D Roberts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
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12
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Manwill PK, Flores-Bocanegra L, Khin M, Raja HA, Cech NB, Oberlies NH, Todd DA. Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Validation: Quantitative Analysis of Indole and Oxindole Alkaloids Reveals Chemotypes of Plants and Products. Planta Med 2022; 88:838-857. [PMID: 35468648 PMCID: PMC9343938 DOI: 10.1055/a-1795-5876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Many consumers are turning to kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) to self-manage pain and opioid addiction. In the United States, an array of capsules, powders, and loose-leaf kratom products are readily available. Additionally, several online sites supply live kratom plants. A prerequisite to establishing quality control and quality assurance standards for the kratom industry, or understanding how alkaloid levels effect clinical outcomes, is the identification and quantitation of major and minor alkaloid constituents within available products and preparations. To this end, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry method was developed for the analysis of 8 indole alkaloids (7-hydroxymitragynine, ajmalicine, paynantheine, mitragynine, speciogynine, isopaynantheine, speciociliatine, and mitraciliatine) and 6 oxindole alkaloids (isomitraphylline, isospeciofoleine, speciofoline, corynoxine A, corynoxeine, and rhynchophylline) in US-grown kratom plants and commercial products. These commercial products shared a qualitatively similar alkaloid profile, with 12 - 13 detected alkaloids and high levels of the indole alkaloid mitragynine (13.9 ± 1.1 - 270 ± 24 mg/g). The levels of the other major alkaloids (paynantheine, speciociliatine, speciogynine, mitraciliatine, and isopaynantheine) and the minor alkaloids varied in concentration from product to product. The alkaloid profile of US-grown M. speciosa "Rifat" showed high levels of the indole alkaloid speciogynine (7.94 ± 0.83 - 11.55 ± 0.18 mg/g) and quantifiable levels of isomitraphylline (0.943 ± 0.033 - 1.47 ± 0.18 mg/g). Notably, the alkaloid profile of a US-grown M. speciosa seedling was comparable to the commercial products with a high level of mitragynine (15.01 ± 0.20 mg/g). This work suggests that there are several M. speciosa chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preston K. Manwill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Laura Flores-Bocanegra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Manead Khin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Nadja B. Cech
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
- Dr. Nicholas H. Oberlies University of North Carolina at GreensboroDepartment of Chemistry and
Biochemistry301 McIver St. – Sullivan Science Building27402 Greensboro
NCUSA+ 1 33 63 34 54 74+ 1 33 63 34 54 02
| | - Daniel A. Todd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
- Correspondence Dr. Daniel A Todd University of North Carolina at GreensboroDepartment of Chemistry and
Biochemistry301 McIver St. – Sullivan Science Building27402 Greensboro
NCUSA+ 1 33 63 34 47 68+ 1 33 63 34 54 02
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13
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Acero D, Khan FST, Medina-Ortiz AJ, Rivero-Cruz I, Raja HA, Flores-Bocanegra L, Fajardo-Hernández CA, Wan B, Franzblau SG, Hematian S, Figueroa M. New Terpenoids from the Corticioid Fungus Punctularia atropurpurascens and their Antimycobacterial Evaluation. Planta Med 2022; 88:729-734. [PMID: 35354220 DOI: 10.1055/a-1786-8072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of Punctularia atropurpurascens strain HM1 (Punctulariaceae), a corticioid isolated from a decorticated piece of Quercus bark collected in Bosque de Tlalpan, Mexico City, led to the isolation of a new drimane, 1-α-hydroxy-isodrimenine (1: ) and a new tetrahydroxy kauranol, 16-hydroxy-phlebia-nor-kauranol (2: ), together with the known N-phenylacetamide (3: ). Structures of all compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic and spectrometric methods, and the absolute configuration of 1: and 2: was confirmed via single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The isolated compounds showed modest antimycobacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Acero
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Firoz Shah Tuglak Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Abraham J Medina-Ortiz
- Departamento de Laboratorios, Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades Plantel Sur, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Isabel Rivero-Cruz
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Laura Flores-Bocanegra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | | | - Baojie Wan
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scott G Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shabnam Hematian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Mario Figueroa
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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14
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Crous PW, Boers J, Holdom D, Osieck ER, Steinrucken TV, Tan YP, Vitelli JS, Shivas RG, Barrett M, Boxshall AG, Broadbridge J, Larsson E, Lebel T, Pinruan U, Sommai S, Alvarado P, Bonito G, Decock CA, De la Peña-Lastra S, Delgado G, Houbraken J, Maciá-Vicente JG, Raja HA, Rigueiro-Rodríguez A, Rodríguez A, Wingfield MJ, Adams SJ, Akulov A, Al-Hidmi T, Antonín V, Arauzo S, Arenas F, Armada F, Aylward J, Bellanger JM, Berraf-Tebbal A, Bidaud A, Boccardo F, Cabero J, Calledda F, Corriol G, Crane JL, Dearnaley JDW, Dima B, Dovana F, Eichmeier A, Esteve-Raventós F, Fine M, Ganzert L, García D, Torres-Garcia D, Gené J, Gutiérrez A, Iglesias P, Istel Ł, Jangsantear P, Jansen GM, Jeppson M, Karun NC, Karich A, Khamsuntorn P, Kokkonen K, Kolařík M, Kubátová A, Labuda R, Lagashetti AC, Lifshitz N, Linde C, Loizides M, Luangsa-Ard JJ, Lueangjaroenkit P, Mahadevakumar S, Mahamedi AE, Malloch DW, Marincowitz S, Mateos A, Moreau PA, Miller AN, Molia A, Morte A, Navarro-Ródenas A, Nebesářová J, Nigrone E, Nuthan BR, Oberlies NH, Pepori AL, Rämä T, Rapley D, Reschke K, Robicheau BM, Roets F, Roux J, Saavedra M, Sakolrak B, Santini A, Ševčíková H, Singh PN, Singh SK, Somrithipol S, Spetik M, Sridhar KR, Starink-Willemse M, Taylor VA, van Iperen AL, Vauras J, Walker AK, Wingfield BD, Yarden O, Cooke AW, Manners AG, Pegg KG, Groenewald JZ. Fungal Planet description sheets: 1383-1435. Persoonia 2022; 48:261-371. [PMID: 38234686 PMCID: PMC10792288 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2023.48.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Agaricus albofoetidus, Agaricus aureoelephanti and Agaricus parviumbrus on soil, Fusarium ramsdenii from stem cankers of Araucaria cunninghamii, Keissleriella sporoboli from stem of Sporobolus natalensis, Leptosphaerulina queenslandica and Pestalotiopsis chiaroscuro from leaves of Sporobolus natalensis, Serendipita petricolae as endophyte from roots of Eriochilus petricola, Stagonospora tauntonensis from stem of Sporobolus natalensis, Teratosphaeria carnegiei from leaves of Eucalyptus grandis × E. camaldulensis and Wongia ficherai from roots of Eragrostis curvula. Canada, Lulworthia fundyensis from intertidal wood and Newbrunswickomyces abietophilus (incl. Newbrunswickomyces gen. nov.) on buds of Abies balsamea. Czech Republic, Geosmithia funiculosa from a bark beetle gallery on Ulmus minor and Neoherpotrichiella juglandicola (incl. Neoherpotrichiella gen. nov.) from wood of Juglans regia. France, Aspergillus rouenensis and Neoacrodontium gallica (incl. Neoacrodontium gen. nov.) from bore dust of Xestobium rufovillosum feeding on Quercus wood, Endoradiciella communis (incl. Endoradiciella gen. nov.) endophytic in roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum and Entoloma simulans on soil. India, Amanita konajensis on soil and Keithomyces indicus from soil. Israel, Microascus rothbergiorum from Stylophora pistillata. Italy, Calonarius ligusticus on soil. Netherlands, Appendopyricularia juncicola (incl. Appendopyricularia gen. nov.), Eriospora juncicola and Tetraploa juncicola on dead culms of Juncus effusus, Gonatophragmium physciae on Physcia caesia and Paracosmospora physciae (incl. Paracosmospora gen. nov.) on Physcia tenella, Myrmecridium phragmitigenum on dead culm of Phragmites australis, Neochalara lolae on stems of Pteridium aquilinum, Niesslia nieuwwulvenica on dead culm of undetermined Poaceae, Nothodevriesia narthecii (incl. Nothodevriesia gen. nov.) on dead leaves of Narthecium ossifragum and Parastenospora pini (incl. Parastenospora gen. nov.) on dead twigs of Pinus sylvestris. Norway, Verticillium bjoernoeyanum from sand grains attached to a piece of driftwood on a sandy beach. Portugal, Collybiopsis cimrmanii on the base of living Quercus ilex and amongst dead leaves of Laurus and herbs. South Africa, Paraproliferophorum hyphaenes (incl. Paraproliferophorum gen. nov.) on living leaves of Hyphaene sp. and Saccothecium widdringtoniae on twigs of Widdringtonia wallichii. Spain, Cortinarius dryosalor on soil, Cyphellophora endoradicis endophytic in roots of Microthlaspi perfoliatum, Geoglossum lauri-silvae on soil, Leptographium gemmatum from fluvial sediments, Physalacria auricularioides from a dead twig of Castanea sativa, Terfezia bertae and Tuber davidlopezii in soil. Sweden, Alpova larskersii, Inocybe alpestris and Inocybe boreogodeyi on soil. Thailand, Russula banwatchanensis, Russula purpureoviridis and Russula lilacina on soil. Ukraine, Nectriella adonidis on overwintered stems of Adonis vernalis. USA, Microcyclus jacquiniae from living leaves of Jacquinia keyensis and Penicillium neoherquei from a minute mushroom sporocarp. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes. Citation: Crous PW, Boers J, Holdom D, et al. 2022. Fungal Planet description sheets: 1383-1435. Persoonia 48: 261-371. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2022.48.08.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J Boers
- Moleneinde 15, 7991 AK, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
| | - D Holdom
- Biosecurity Queensland, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - E R Osieck
- Jkvr. C.M. van Asch van Wijcklaan 19, 3972 ST Driebergen-Rijsenburg, The Netherlands
| | | | - Y P Tan
- Plant Pathology Herbarium, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - J S Vitelli
- Biosecurity Queensland, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - R G Shivas
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Barrett
- James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - E Larsson
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - T Lebel
- State Herbarium of South Australia, South Australia, Australia
| | - U Pinruan
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - S Sommai
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - P Alvarado
- ALVALAB, Dr. Fernando Bongera st., Severo Ochoa bldg. S1.04, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - G Bonito
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - C A Decock
- Mycothèque de l'Université catholique de Louvain (MUCL, BCCMTM), Earth and Life Institute - ELIM - Mycology, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 bte L7.05.06, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - G Delgado
- Eurofins EMLab P&K Houston, 10900 Brittmoore Park Dr. Suite G, Houston, Texas 77041, USA
| | - J Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J G Maciá-Vicente
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - H A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA
| | | | - A Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M J Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - S J Adams
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6 Canada
| | - A Akulov
- Department of Mycology and Plant Resistance, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Maidan Svobody 4, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - T Al-Hidmi
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - V Antonín
- Department of Botany, Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6, 65937 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - S Arauzo
- Asociación Micológica Errotari de Durango, Spain
| | - F Arenas
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - F Armada
- 203, montée Saint-Mamert-le-Haut, F-38138 Les Côtes-d'Arey, France
| | - J Aylward
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J-M Bellanger
- CEFE, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, INSERM, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cédex 5, France
| | - A Berraf-Tebbal
- MENDELEUM - Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, Lednice, 69144, Czech Republic
| | - A Bidaud
- 2436, route de Brailles, F-38510 Vézeronce-Curtin, France
| | - F Boccardo
- Via Filippo Bettini 14/11, 16162, Genova, Italy
| | - J Cabero
- C/ El Sol 6. 49800 Toro, Zamora, Spain
| | - F Calledda
- Via 25 aprile, 76, 20051, Cassina De Pecchi (MI), Italy
| | - G Corriol
- National Botanical Conservatory of the Pyrenees and Midi-Pyrenees. Vallon de Salut, BP 70315, 65203 Bagnères-de-Bigorre, France
| | - J L Crane
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA
| | - J D W Dearnaley
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - B Dima
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - F Dovana
- Via Quargnento, 17, 15029, Solero (AL), Italy
| | - A Eichmeier
- MENDELEUM - Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, Lednice, 69144, Czech Republic
| | - F Esteve-Raventós
- Departemento de Ciencias de la Vida, Botánica, Universidad de Alcalá. Alcalá de Henares, E28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Fine
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel & Interuniversity Institute of Marine Sciences, Eilat, Israel
| | - L Ganzert
- Marbio, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - D García
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - D Torres-Garcia
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - J Gené
- Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - A Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - P Iglesias
- Asociación Micológica Errotari de Durango, Spain
| | - Ł Istel
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P Jangsantear
- Forest and Plant Conservation Research Office, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Chatuchak District, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - M Jeppson
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - N C Karun
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - A Karich
- TU Dresden, International Institute Zittau, Markt 23, 02763 Zittau, Germany
| | - P Khamsuntorn
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - K Kokkonen
- Biodiversity Unit, Herbarium, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Kolařík
- Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Kubátová
- Department of Botany, Culture Collection of Fungi (CCF), Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - R Labuda
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health; Unit of Food Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria, and Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria
| | - A C Lagashetti
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India
| | - N Lifshitz
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel & Interuniversity Institute of Marine Sciences, Eilat, Israel
| | - C Linde
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | | | - J J Luangsa-Ard
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - P Lueangjaroenkit
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S Mahadevakumar
- Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India; Present Address: Forest Pathology Department, Division of Forest Protection, KSCSTE - Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi 680653, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - A E Mahamedi
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Systèmes Microbiens (LBSM), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, B.P 92 16308 Vieux-Kouba, Alger, Algeria
| | - D W Malloch
- New Brunswick Museum, 277 Douglas Ave., Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada E2K 1E5
| | - S Marincowitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A Mateos
- Sociedad Micológica Extremeña, C/ Sagitario 14, 10001 Cáceres, Spain
| | - P-A Moreau
- ULR 4515 - LGCgE, Faculté de pharmacie, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A N Miller
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA
| | - A Molia
- Alette Iversens gate 5, N-3970 Langesund, Norway
| | - A Morte
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Navarro-Ródenas
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - J Nebesářová
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - E Nigrone
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, C.N.R. Via Madonna del Piano, 10 50019 Sesto fiorentino, Italy
| | - B R Nuthan
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - N H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA
| | - A L Pepori
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, C.N.R. Via Madonna del Piano, 10 50019 Sesto fiorentino, Italy
| | - T Rämä
- Marbio, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - D Rapley
- Biosecurity Queensland, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - K Reschke
- Mycology Research Group, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue Straße 13, 60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - B M Robicheau
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6 Canada
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - F Roets
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - J Roux
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M Saavedra
- Asociación "Andoa" de Cambre y componente del "Colectivo Micolóxico Coruñés" de A Coruña, Spain
| | - B Sakolrak
- Forest and Plant Conservation Research Office, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Chatuchak District, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - A Santini
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, C.N.R. Via Madonna del Piano, 10 50019 Sesto fiorentino, Italy
| | - H Ševčíková
- Department of Botany, Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6, 65937 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P N Singh
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India
| | - S K Singh
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India
| | - S Somrithipol
- Plant Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - M Spetik
- MENDELEUM - Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 334, Lednice, 69144, Czech Republic
| | - K R Sridhar
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - M Starink-Willemse
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - V A Taylor
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6 Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5849 University Ave, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - A L van Iperen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Vauras
- Biological Collections of Åbo Akademi University, Herbarium, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - A K Walker
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6 Canada
| | - B D Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - O Yarden
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel & Interuniversity Institute of Marine Sciences, Eilat, Israel
| | - A W Cooke
- Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - A G Manners
- Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - K G Pegg
- Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Z Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Cank KB, Shepherd RA, Knowles SL, Rangel-Grimaldo M, Raja HA, Bunch ZL, Cech NB, Rice CA, Kyle DE, Falkinham JO, Burdette JE, Oberlies NH. Polychlorinated cyclopentenes from a marine derived Periconia sp. (strain G1144). Phytochemistry 2022; 199:113200. [PMID: 35421431 PMCID: PMC9173697 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Studies on an organic extract of a marine fungus, Periconia sp. (strain G1144), led to the isolation of three halogenated cyclopentenes along with the known and recently reported rhytidhyester D; a series of spectrometric and spectroscopic techniques were used to elucidate these structures. Interestingly, two of these compounds represent tri-halogenated cyclopentene derivatives, which have been observed only rarely from Nature. The relative and absolute configurations of the compounds were established via mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Mosher's esters method, optical rotation and GIAO NMR calculations, including correlation coefficient calculations and the use of both DP4+ and dJ DP4 analyses. Several of the isolated compounds were tested for activity in anti-parasitic, antimicrobial, quorum sensing inhibition, and cytotoxicity assays and were shown to be inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristóf B Cank
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 435 Patricia A. Sullivan Science Building, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA
| | - Robert A Shepherd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 435 Patricia A. Sullivan Science Building, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA
| | - Sonja L Knowles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 435 Patricia A. Sullivan Science Building, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA
| | - Manuel Rangel-Grimaldo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 435 Patricia A. Sullivan Science Building, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 435 Patricia A. Sullivan Science Building, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA
| | - Zoie L Bunch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 435 Patricia A. Sullivan Science Building, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA
| | - Nadja B Cech
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 435 Patricia A. Sullivan Science Building, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA
| | - Christopher A Rice
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 724 Biological Sciences Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-2607, USA; Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, 335 Coverdell Center 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602-7399, USA.
| | - Dennis E Kyle
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, 335 Coverdell Center 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602-7399, USA.
| | - Joseph O Falkinham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Derring Hall Room 2125, 926 West Campus Drive, Mail Code 0406, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, 333 PHARM, MC 781, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 435 Patricia A. Sullivan Science Building, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA.
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16
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Fajardo-Hernández C, Khan FST, Flores-Bocanegra L, Prieto-Davó A, Wan B, Ma R, Qader M, Villanueva-Silva R, Martínez-Cárdenas A, López-Lobato MA, Hematian S, Franzblau SG, Raja HA, García-Contreras R, Figueroa M. Insights into the Chemical Diversity of Selected Fungi from the Tza Itzá Cenote of the Yucatan Peninsula. ACS Omega 2022; 7:12171-12185. [PMID: 35449929 PMCID: PMC9016812 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cenotes are habitats with unique physical, chemical, and biological features. Unexplored microorganisms from these sinkholes represent a potential source of bioactive molecules. Thus, a series of cultivable fungi (Aspergillus spp. NCA257, NCA264, and NCA276, Stachybotrys sp. NCA252, and Cladosporium sp. NCA273) isolated from the cenote Tza Itzá were subjected to chemical, coculture, and metabolomic analyses. Nineteen compounds were obtained and tested for their antimicrobial potential against ESKAPE pathogens, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and nontuberculous mycobacteria. In particular, phenylspirodrimanes from Stachybotrys sp. NCA252 showed significant activity against MRSA, MSSA, and mycobacterial strains. On the other hand, the absolute configuration of the new compound 17-deoxy-aspergillin PZ (1) isolated from Aspergillus sp. NCA276 was established via single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Also, the chemical analysis of the cocultures between Aspergillus and Cladosporium strains revealed the production of metabolites that were not present or were barely detected in the monocultures. Finally, molecular networking analysis of the LC-MS-MS/MS data for each fungus was used as a tool for the annotation of additional compounds, increasing the chemical knowledge on the corresponding fungal strains. Overall, this is the first systematic chemical study on fungi isolated from a sinkhole in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos
A. Fajardo-Hernández
- Departamento
de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Firoz Shah Tuglak Khan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Laura Flores-Bocanegra
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Alejandra Prieto-Davó
- Unidad
de Química en Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sisal, Yucatán 97356, Mexico
| | - Baojie Wan
- Institute
for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Rui Ma
- Institute
for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Mallique Qader
- Institute
for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Rodrigo Villanueva-Silva
- Departamento
de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Anahí Martínez-Cárdenas
- Departamento
de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Marian A. López-Lobato
- Departamento
de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Shabnam Hematian
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Scott G. Franzblau
- Institute
for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Rodolfo García-Contreras
- Departamento
de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Mario Figueroa
- Departamento
de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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17
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Flores-Bocanegra L, Al Subeh ZY, Egan JM, El-Elimat T, Raja HA, Burdette JE, Pearce CJ, Linington RG, Oberlies NH. Dereplication of Fungal Metabolites by NMR-Based Compound Networking Using MADByTE. J Nat Prod 2022; 85:614-624. [PMID: 35020372 PMCID: PMC8957573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strategies for natural product dereplication are continually evolving, essentially in lock step with advances in MS and NMR techniques. MADByTE is a new platform designed to identify common structural features between samples in complex extract libraries using two-dimensional NMR spectra. This study evaluated the performance of MADByTE for compound dereplication by examining two classes of fungal metabolites, the resorcylic acid lactones (RALs) and spirobisnaphthalenes. First, a pure compound database was created using the HSQC and TOCSY data from 19 RALs and 10 spirobisnaphthalenes. Second, this database was used to assess the accuracy of compound class clustering through the generation of a spin system feature network. Seven fungal extracts were dereplicated using this approach, leading to the correct prediction of members of both families from the extract set. Finally, NMR-guided isolation led to the discovery of three new palmarumycins (20-22). Together these results demonstrate that MADByTE is effective for the detection of specific compound classes in complex mixtures and that this detection is possible for both known and new natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Flores-Bocanegra
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
| | - Zeinab Y. Al Subeh
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
| | - Joseph M. Egan
- Department
of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Tamam El-Elimat
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
| | - Joanna E. Burdette
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Cedric J. Pearce
- Mycosynthetix,
Inc., Hillsborough, North Carolina 27278, United States
| | - Roger G. Linington
- Department
of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
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18
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Al Subeh ZY, Waldbusser AL, Raja HA, Pearce CJ, Ho KL, Hall MJ, Probert MR, Oberlies NH, Hematian S. Structural Diversity of Perylenequinones Is Driven by Their Redox Behavior. J Org Chem 2022. [PMID: 35077640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypocrellins and hypomycins are two subclasses of fungal perylenequinones with unique structural, biological, and photochemical properties. With the growing interest in these naturally occurring photosensitizers, more studies were warranted to better understand the structural relationships between these two subclasses of perylenequinones. In this study, the long-postulated biosynthetic precursor (7) of class B fungal perylenequinones was isolated and characterized from a Shiraia-like sp. (strain MSX60519). Furthermore, the electrochemical and chemical redox behaviors of hypocrellins and hypomycins were investigated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. These studies served to define the structural relationship within hypocrellins (1-3), which was further supported by X-ray crystallography, and between hypocrellins and hypomycins (4-6). Chemical reductions of hypocrellins under anaerobic conditions identified the origin of hypomycin A (4), hypomycin C (5), and hypomycin E (6), which in turn served to confirm 4 and revise the absolute configurations of 5 and 6. Hypocrellins were shown to undergo reversible reduction and reoxidation under aerobic conditions, while in an anaerobic environment and longer time scale, the fully reduced form can, to some extent, undergo an intramolecular ring closing metathesis. This may impart a means of reductive pathway for self-protection against these phototoxins and explain the chemical diversity observed in the fungal metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Y Al Subeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Amy L Waldbusser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Cedric J Pearce
- Mycosynthetix, Inc., Hillsborough, North Carolina 27278, United States
| | - Kin Lok Ho
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Hall
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Probert
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Shabnam Hematian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
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19
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Al Subeh ZY, Waldbusser AL, Raja HA, Pearce CJ, Ho KL, Hall MJ, Probert MR, Oberlies NH, Hematian S. Structural Diversity of Perylenequinones Is Driven by Their Redox Behavior. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2697-2710. [PMID: 35077640 PMCID: PMC8898278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Hypocrellins and
hypomycins are two subclasses of fungal perylenequinones
with unique structural, biological, and photochemical properties.
With the growing interest in these naturally occurring photosensitizers,
more studies were warranted to better understand the structural relationships
between these two subclasses of perylenequinones. In this study, the
long-postulated biosynthetic precursor (7) of class B
fungal perylenequinones was isolated and characterized from a Shiraia-like sp. (strain MSX60519). Furthermore, the electrochemical
and chemical redox behaviors of hypocrellins and hypomycins were investigated
under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. These studies served to define
the structural relationship within hypocrellins (1–3), which was further supported by X-ray crystallography,
and between hypocrellins and hypomycins (4–6). Chemical reductions of hypocrellins under anaerobic conditions
identified the origin of hypomycin A (4), hypomycin C
(5), and hypomycin E (6), which in turn
served to confirm 4 and revise the absolute configurations
of 5 and 6. Hypocrellins were shown to undergo
reversible reduction and reoxidation under aerobic conditions, while
in an anaerobic environment and longer time scale, the fully reduced
form can, to some extent, undergo an intramolecular ring closing metathesis.
This may impart a means of reductive pathway for self-protection against
these phototoxins and explain the chemical diversity observed in the
fungal metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Y. Al Subeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Amy L. Waldbusser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Cedric J. Pearce
- Mycosynthetix, Inc., Hillsborough, North Carolina 27278, United States
| | - Kin Lok Ho
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Hall
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R. Probert
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Shabnam Hematian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
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20
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Parker CW, Teixeira MDM, Singh NK, Raja HA, Cank KB, Spigolon G, Oberlies NH, Barker BM, Stajich JE, Mason CE, Venkateswaran K. Genomic Characterization of Parengyodontium torokii sp. nov., a Biofilm-Forming Fungus Isolated from Mars 2020 Assembly Facility. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8010066. [PMID: 35050006 PMCID: PMC8778116 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A fungal strain (FJII-L10-SW-P1) was isolated from the Mars 2020 spacecraft assembly facility and exhibited biofilm formation on spacecraft-qualified Teflon surfaces. The reconstruction of a six-loci gene tree (ITS, LSU, SSU, RPB1 and RPB2, and TEF1) using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) analyses of the strain FJII-L10-SW-P1 supported a close relationship to other known Parengyodontium album subclade 3 isolates while being phylogenetically distinct from subclade 1 strains. The zig-zag rachides morphology of the conidiogenous cells and spindle-shaped conidia were the distinct morphological characteristics of the P. album subclade 3 strains. The MLST data and morphological analysis supported the conclusion that the P. album subclade 3 strains could be classified as a new species of the genus Parengyodontium and placed in the family Cordycipitaceae. The name Parengyodontium torokii sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate the strain, with FJII-L10-SW-P1 as the holotype. The genome of the FJII-L10-SW-P1 strain was sequenced, annotated, and the secondary metabolite clusters were identified. Genes predicted to be responsible for biofilm formation and adhesion to surfaces were identified. Homology-based assignment of gene ontologies to the predicted proteome of P. torokii revealed the presence of gene clusters responsible for synthesizing several metabolic compounds, including a cytochalasin that was also verified using traditional metabolomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceth W. Parker
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; (C.W.P.); (N.K.S.)
| | - Marcus de Melo Teixeira
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; (M.d.M.T.); (B.M.B.)
- School of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Nitin K. Singh
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; (C.W.P.); (N.K.S.)
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (H.A.R.); (K.B.C.); (N.H.O.)
| | - Kristof B. Cank
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (H.A.R.); (K.B.C.); (N.H.O.)
| | - Giada Spigolon
- Biological Imaging Facility, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA;
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (H.A.R.); (K.B.C.); (N.H.O.)
| | - Bridget M. Barker
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; (M.d.M.T.); (B.M.B.)
| | - Jason E. Stajich
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California—Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Christopher E. Mason
- WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Kasthuri Venkateswaran
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; (C.W.P.); (N.K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(818)-393-1481; Fax: +1-(818)-393-4176
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21
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de Castro PA, Colabardini AC, Moraes M, Horta MAC, Knowles SL, Raja HA, Oberlies NH, Koyama Y, Ogawa M, Gomi K, Steenwyk JL, Rokas A, Gonçales RA, Duarte-Oliveira C, Carvalho A, Ries LNA, Goldman GH. Regulation of gliotoxin biosynthesis and protection in Aspergillus species. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1009965. [PMID: 35041649 PMCID: PMC8797188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus causes a range of human and animal diseases collectively known as aspergillosis. A. fumigatus possesses and expresses a range of genetic determinants of virulence, which facilitate colonisation and disease progression, including the secretion of mycotoxins. Gliotoxin (GT) is the best studied A. fumigatus mycotoxin with a wide range of known toxic effects that impair human immune cell function. GT is also highly toxic to A. fumigatus and this fungus has evolved self-protection mechanisms that include (i) the GT efflux pump GliA, (ii) the GT neutralising enzyme GliT, and (iii) the negative regulation of GT biosynthesis by the bis-thiomethyltransferase GtmA. The transcription factor (TF) RglT is the main regulator of GliT and this GT protection mechanism also occurs in the non-GT producing fungus A. nidulans. However, the A. nidulans genome does not encode GtmA and GliA. This work aimed at analysing the transcriptional response to exogenous GT in A. fumigatus and A. nidulans, two distantly related Aspergillus species, and to identify additional components required for GT protection. RNA-sequencing shows a highly different transcriptional response to exogenous GT with the RglT-dependent regulon also significantly differing between A. fumigatus and A. nidulans. However, we were able to observe homologs whose expression pattern was similar in both species (43 RglT-independent and 11 RglT-dependent). Based on this approach, we identified a novel RglT-dependent methyltranferase, MtrA, involved in GT protection. Taking into consideration the occurrence of RglT-independent modulated genes, we screened an A. fumigatus deletion library of 484 transcription factors (TFs) for sensitivity to GT and identified 15 TFs important for GT self-protection. Of these, the TF KojR, which is essential for kojic acid biosynthesis in Aspergillus oryzae, was also essential for virulence and GT biosynthesis in A. fumigatus, and for GT protection in A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, and A. oryzae. KojR regulates rglT, gliT, gliJ expression and sulfur metabolism in Aspergillus species. Together, this study identified conserved components required for GT protection in Aspergillus species. A. fumigatus secretes mycotoxins that are essential for its virulence and pathogenicity. Gliotoxin (GT) is a sulfur-containing mycotoxin, which is known to impair several aspects of the human immune response. GT is also toxic to different fungal species, which have evolved several GT protection strategies. To further decipher these responses, we used transcriptional profiling aiming to compare the response to GT in the GT producer A. fumigatus and the GT non-producer A. nidulans. This analysis allowed us to identify additional genes with a potential role in GT protection. We also identified 15 transcription factors (TFs) encoded in the A. fumigatus genome that are important for conferring resistance to exogenous gliotoxin. One of these TFs, KojR, which is essential for A. oryzae kojic acid production, is also important for virulence in A. fumigatus and GT protection in A. fumigatus, A. nidulans and A. oryzae. KojR regulates the expression of genes important for gliotoxin biosynthesis and protection, and sulfur metabolism. Together, this work identified conserved components required for gliotoxin protection in Aspergillus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Alves de Castro
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Colabardini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maísa Moraes
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Sonja L. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina United States of America
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina United States of America
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina United States of America
| | - Yasuji Koyama
- Noda Institute for Scientific Research, 338 Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ogawa
- Noda Institute for Scientific Research, 338 Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuya Gomi
- Department of Bioindustrial Informatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jacob L. Steenwyk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Relber A. Gonçales
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Cláudio Duarte-Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães/Braga, Portugal
| | - Laure N. A. Ries
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (LNAR); (GHG)
| | - Gustavo H. Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- * E-mail: (LNAR); (GHG)
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA.
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA.
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
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23
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Rebollar-Ramos D, Ovalle-Magallanes B, Palacios-Espinosa JF, Macías-Rubalcava ML, Raja HA, González-Andrade M, Mata R. α-Glucosidase and PTP-1B Inhibitors from Malbranchea dendritica. ACS Omega 2021; 6:22969-22981. [PMID: 34514267 PMCID: PMC8427789 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An extract from a PDB static culture of Malbranchea dendritica exhibited α-glucosidase and PTP-1B inhibitory activities. Fractionation of the active extract led to the isolation of gymnoascolide A (1), a γ-butenolide, and xanthones sydowinin A (2), sydowinin B (3), and AGI-B4 (4), as well as orcinol (5). Compound 1 exhibited important inhibitory activity against yeast α-glucosidase (IC50 = 0.556 ± 0.009 mM) in comparison to acarbose (IC50 = 0.403 ± 0.010 mM). Kinetic analysis revealed that 1 is a mixed-type inhibitor. Furthermore, compound 1 significantly reduced the postprandial peak in mice during a sucrose tolerance test at the doses of 5.16 and 10 mg/kg. Compound 1 was reduced with Pd/C to yield a mixture of enantiomers 1a and 1b; the mixture showed similar activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 = 0.396 ± 0.003 mM) and kinetic behavior as the parent compound but might possess better drug-likeness properties according to SwissADME and Osiris Property Explorer tools. Docking analysis with yeast α-glucosidase (pdb: 3A4A) and the C-terminal subunit of human maltase-glucoamylase (pdb: 3TOP) predicted that 1, 1a, and 1b bind to an allosteric site of the enzymes. Compounds 1-5 were evaluated against PTP-1B, but only xanthone 3 moderately inhibited in a noncompetitive fashion the enzyme with an IC50 of 0.081 ± 0.004 mM. This result was consistent with that of docking analysis, which revealed that 3 might bind to an allosteric site of the enzyme. From the inactive barley-based semisolid culture of M. dendritica, the natural pigment erythroglaucin (6) and the nucleosides deoxyadenosine (7), adenosine (8), thymidine (9), and uridine (10) were also isolated and identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rebollar-Ramos
- Facultad
de Química, Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Francisco Palacios-Espinosa
- Departamento
de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas
y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma
Metropolitana-Xochimilco (UAM-X), Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico
| | | | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
| | - Martín González-Andrade
- Facultad
de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma
de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Rachel Mata
- Facultad
de Química, Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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24
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Martínez-Cárdenas A, Cruz-Zamora Y, Fajardo-Hernández CA, Villanueva-Silva R, Cruz-García F, Raja HA, Figueroa M. Genome Mining and Molecular Networking-Based Metabolomics of the Marine Facultative Aspergillus sp. MEXU 27854. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175362. [PMID: 34500798 PMCID: PMC8433890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine-facultative Aspergillus sp. MEXU 27854, isolated from the Caleta Bay in Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico, has provided an interesting diversity of secondary metabolites, including a series of rare dioxomorpholines, peptides, and butyrolactones. Here, we report on the genomic data, which consists of 11 contigs (N50~3.95 Mb) with a ~30.75 Mb total length of assembly. Genome annotation resulted in the prediction of 10,822 putative genes. Functional annotation was accomplished by BLAST searching protein sequences with different public databases. Of the predicted genes, 75% were assigned gene ontology terms. From the 67 BGCs identified, ~60% belong to the NRPS and NRPS-like classes. Putative BGCs for the dioxomorpholines and other metabolites were predicted by extensive genome mining. In addition, metabolomic molecular networking analysis allowed the annotation of all isolated compounds and revealed the biosynthetic potential of this fungus. This work represents the first report of whole-genome sequencing and annotation from a marine-facultative fungal strain isolated from Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahí Martínez-Cárdenas
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-C.); (Y.C.-Z.); (C.A.F.-H.); (R.V.-S.); (F.C.-G.)
| | - Yuridia Cruz-Zamora
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-C.); (Y.C.-Z.); (C.A.F.-H.); (R.V.-S.); (F.C.-G.)
| | - Carlos A. Fajardo-Hernández
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-C.); (Y.C.-Z.); (C.A.F.-H.); (R.V.-S.); (F.C.-G.)
| | - Rodrigo Villanueva-Silva
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-C.); (Y.C.-Z.); (C.A.F.-H.); (R.V.-S.); (F.C.-G.)
| | - Felipe Cruz-García
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-C.); (Y.C.-Z.); (C.A.F.-H.); (R.V.-S.); (F.C.-G.)
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA;
| | - Mario Figueroa
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (A.M.-C.); (Y.C.-Z.); (C.A.F.-H.); (R.V.-S.); (F.C.-G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5622-5290
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25
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Steenwyk JL, Mead ME, de Castro PA, Valero C, Damasio A, dos Santos RAC, Labella AL, Li Y, Knowles SL, Raja HA, Oberlies NH, Zhou X, Cornely OA, Fuchs F, Koehler P, Goldman GH, Rokas A. Genomic and Phenotypic Analysis of COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis Isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0001021. [PMID: 34106569 PMCID: PMC8552514 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00010-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), first described in Wuhan, China. A subset of COVID-19 patients has been reported to have acquired secondary infections by microbial pathogens, such as opportunistic fungal pathogens from the genus Aspergillus. To gain insight into COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), we analyzed the genomes and characterized the phenotypic profiles of four CAPA isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus obtained from patients treated in the area of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. By examining the mutational spectrum of single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertion-deletion polymorphisms, and copy number variants among 206 genes known to modulate A. fumigatus virulence, we found that CAPA isolate genomes do not exhibit significant differences from the genome of the Af293 reference strain. By examining a number of factors, including virulence in an invertebrate moth model, growth in the presence of osmotic, cell wall, and oxidative stressors, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and the MIC of antifungal drugs, we found that CAPA isolates were generally, but not always, similar to A. fumigatus reference strains Af293 and CEA17. Notably, CAPA isolate D had more putative loss-of-function mutations in genes known to increase virulence when deleted. Moreover, CAPA isolate D was significantly more virulent than the other three CAPA isolates and the A. fumigatus reference strains Af293 and CEA17, but similarly virulent to two other clinical strains of A. fumigatus. These findings expand our understanding of the genomic and phenotypic characteristics of isolates that cause CAPA. IMPORTANCE The global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has already killed millions of people. COVID-19 patient outcome can be further complicated by secondary infections, such as COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). CAPA is caused by Aspergillus fungal pathogens, but there is little information about the genomic and phenotypic characteristics of CAPA isolates. We conducted genome sequencing and extensive phenotyping of four CAPA isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus from Germany. We found that CAPA isolates were often, but not always, similar to other reference strains of A. fumigatus across 206 genetic determinants of infection-relevant phenotypes, including virulence. For example, CAPA isolate D was more virulent than other CAPA isolates and reference strains in an invertebrate model of fungal disease, but similarly virulent to two other clinical strains. These results expand our understanding of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L. Steenwyk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew E. Mead
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Patrícia Alves de Castro
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Clara Valero
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - André Damasio
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Renato A. C. dos Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Abigail L. Labella
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yuanning Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sonja L. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xiaofan Zhou
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Oliver A. Cornely
- University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- ZKS Köln, Clinical Trials Centre Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn‐Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frieder Fuchs
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Koehler
- University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Gustavo H. Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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26
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Al Subeh ZY, Raja HA, Burdette JE, Falkinham JO, Hemby SE, Oberlies NH. Three diketomorpholines from a Penicillium sp. (strain G1071). Phytochemistry 2021; 189:112830. [PMID: 34157637 PMCID: PMC8292221 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Three previously undescribed diketomorpholine natural products, along with the known phenalenones, herqueinone and norherqueinone, were isolated from the mycoparasitic fungal strain G1071, which was identified as a Penicillium sp. in the section Sclerotiora. The structures were established by analyzing NMR data and mass spectrometry fragmentation patterns. The absolute configurations of deacetyl-javanicunine A, javanicunine C, and javanicunine D, were assigned by examining ECD spectra and Marfey's analysis. The structural diversity generated by this fungal strain was interesting, as only a few diketomorpholines (~17) have been reported from nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Y Al Subeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Joseph O Falkinham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Scott E Hemby
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, NC, United States
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States.
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Labuda R, Bacher M, Rosenau T, Gasparotto E, Gratzl H, Doppler M, Sulyok M, Kubátová A, Berger H, Cank K, Raja HA, Oberlies NH, Schüller C, Strauss J. Polyphasic Approach Utilized for the Identification of Two New Toxigenic Members of Penicillium Section Exilicaulis, P. krskae and P. silybi spp. nov. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:557. [PMID: 34356936 PMCID: PMC8307998 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new species, Penicillium krskae (isolated from the air as a lab contaminant in Tulln (Austria, EU)) and Penicillium silybi (isolated as an endophyte from asymptomatic milk thistle (Silybum marianum) stems from Josephine County (Oregon, USA)) are described. The new taxa are well supported by phenotypic (especially conidial ornamentation under SEM, production of red exudate and red pigments), physiological (growth at 37 °C, response to cycloheximide and CREA), chemotaxonomic (production of specific extrolites), and multilocus phylogenetic analysis using RNA-polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), partial tubulin (benA), and calmodulin (CaM). Both new taxa are resolved within the section Exilicaulis in series Restricta and show phylogenetic affiliation to P. restrictum sensu stricto. They produce a large spectrum of toxic anthraquinoid pigments, namely, monomeric anthraquinones related to emodic and chloremodic acids and other interesting bioactive extrolites (i.e., endocrocin, paxilline, pestalotin, and 7-hydroxypestalotin). Of note, two bianthraquinones (i.e., skyrin and oxyskyrin) were detected in a culture extract of P. silybi. Two new chloroemodic acid derivatives (2-chloro-isorhodoptilometrin and 2-chloro-desmethyldermoquinone) isolated from the exudate of P. krskae ex-type culture were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Labuda
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (E.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Markus Bacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (M.B.); (T.R.)
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (M.B.); (T.R.)
| | - Erika Gasparotto
- Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (E.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Hannes Gratzl
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (H.G.); (M.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Doppler
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (H.G.); (M.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (H.G.); (M.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Alena Kubátová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Culture Collection of Fungi (CCF) Charles University, Benátská 2, 128 01 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Harald Berger
- Fungal Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resurces and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (H.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Kristof Cank
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA; (K.C.); (H.A.R.); (N.H.O.)
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA; (K.C.); (H.A.R.); (N.H.O.)
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA; (K.C.); (H.A.R.); (N.H.O.)
| | - Christoph Schüller
- Fungal Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resurces and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (H.B.); (C.S.)
- Core Facility Bioactive Molecules: Screening and Analysis, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria
| | - Joseph Strauss
- Research Platform Bioactive Microbial Metabolites (BiMM), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (E.G.); (J.S.)
- Fungal Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Microbial Genetics, University of Natural Resurces and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria; (H.B.); (C.S.)
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Al Subeh ZY, Raja HA, Obike JC, Pearce CJ, Croatt MP, Oberlies NH. Media and strain studies for the scaled production of cis-enone resorcylic acid lactones as feedstocks for semisynthesis. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2021; 74:496-507. [PMID: 34155352 PMCID: PMC8313427 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-021-00432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Resorcylic acid lactones (RALs) with a cis-enone moiety, represented by hypothemycin (1) and (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol (2), are fungal secondary metabolites with irreversible inhibitory activity against protein kinases, with particularly selective activity for inhibition of TAK1 (transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1). Gram-scale quantities of these compounds were needed as feedstock for semi-synthesizing RAL-analogues in a step-economical fashion. To do so, this study had three primary goals: identifying fungi that biosynthesized 1 and 2, enhancing their production by optimizing the fermentation conditions on the lab scale, and developing straight forward purification processes. After evaluating 536 fungal extracts via an in-house dereplication protocol, three strains were identified as producing cis-enone RALs (i.e., MSX78495, MSX63935, MSX45109). Screening these fungal strains on three grain-based media revealed enhanced production of 1 by strain MSX78495 on oatmeal medium, while rice medium increased the biosynthesis of 2 by strain MSX63935. Furthermore, the purification processes were improved, moving away from HPLC purification to utilizing two to four cycles of resuspension and centrifugation in small volumes of organic solvents, generating gram-scale quantities of these metabolites readily. In addition, studying the chemistry profiles of strains MSX78495 and MSX63935 resulted in the isolation of ten other RALs (3-12), two radicinin analogues (13-14), and six benzopyranones (15-20), with 19 and 20 being newly described chlorinated benzopyranones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Y Al Subeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer C Obike
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | | | - Mitchell P Croatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
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El-Elimat T, Figueroa M, Raja HA, Alnabulsi SM, Oberlies NH. Coumarins, dihydroisocoumarins, a dibenzo- α-pyrone, a meroterpenoid, and a merodrimane from Talaromyces amestolkiae. Tetrahedron Lett 2021; 72. [PMID: 34421136 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of an organic extract of a fungus isolated from submerged wood collected from fresh water (strain G173), identified as a Talaromyces amestolkiae (Eurotiales; Trichocomaceae), led to the isolation of three coumarins, three dihydroisocoumarins, a dibenzo-α-pyrone, a meroterpenoid, and a merodrimane. Three of the isolated compounds, namely 7-chloropestalasin A (3), 4-hydroxyaspergillumarin (6), and ent-thailandolide B (9) were new. The structures were elucidated using a combination of spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. The absolute configurations of 2, 3, 5, and 6 were established via a modified Mosher's ester method, whereas for 9 a combination of TDDFT ECD and ORD calculations were employed. Compounds 1-9 were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against a group of bacteria and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamam El-Elimat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mario Figueroa
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States
| | - Soraya M Alnabulsi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States
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Knowles SL, Roberts CD, Augustinović M, Flores-Bocanegra L, Raja HA, Heath-Borrero KN, Burdette JE, Falkinham Iii JO, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH. Opportunities and Limitations for Assigning Relative Configurations of Antibacterial Bislactones using GIAO NMR Shift Calculations. J Nat Prod 2021; 84:1254-1260. [PMID: 33764773 PMCID: PMC8108483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Four new bislactones, dihydroacremonol (1), clonostachyone (2), acremodiol B (3), and acremodiol C (4), along with one known compound, hymeglusin (5), were isolated from cultures of two fungal strains (MSX59876 and MSX59260). Both strains were identified based on phylogenetic analysis of molecular data as Clonostachys spp.; yet, they biosynthesized a suite of related, but different, secondary metabolites. Given the challenges associated with elucidating the structures and configurations of bislactones, GIAO NMR calculations were tested as a complement to traditional NMR and HRESIMS experiments. Fortuitously, the enantiomer of the new natural product (4) was known as a synthetic compound, and the predicted configuration from GIAO NMR calculations (i.e., for the relative configuration) and optical rotation calculations (i.e., for the absolute configuration) matched those of the synthesis product. These results engendered confidence in using similar procedures, particularly the mixture of GIAO NMR shift calculations coupled with an orthogonal technique, to predict the configuration of 1-3; however, there were important limitations, which are discussed for each of these. The metabolites displayed antimicrobial activities, with compounds 1 and 4 being the most potent against Staphylococcus aureus with MICs of 1 and 4 μg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja L Knowles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
| | - Christopher D Roberts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
| | - Mario Augustinović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
| | - Laura Flores-Bocanegra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
| | - Kimberly N Heath-Borrero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Joseph O Falkinham Iii
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Cedric J Pearce
- Mycosynthetix, Inc., Hillsborough, North Carolina 27278, United States
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
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Abstract
As their name indicates, freshwater fungi occur on submerged substrates in fresh water habitats. This review brings together the chemical diversity and biological activity of 199 of the 280 known freshwater fungal metabolites published from 1992 to 2020, representing at least seven structural classes, including polyketides, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, meroterpenoids, alkaloids, polypeptides, and monosaccharides. In addition to describing what they are, where they are found, and what they do, we also discuss strategies for the collection, isolation, and identification of fungi from freshwater habitats, with the goal of enhancing chemists' knowledge of several mycological principles. We anticipate that this review will provide a springboard for future natural products studies from this fascinating but underexplored group of Ascomycota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamam El-Elimat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Mario Figueroa
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Ahmed H. Al Sharie
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Rick L. Bunch
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Sustainability, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, USA
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
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32
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Flores-Bocanegra L, Raja HA, Bacon JW, Maldonado AC, Burdette JE, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH. Cytotoxic Naphthoquinone Analogues, Including Heterodimers, and Their Structure Elucidation Using LR-HSQMBC NMR Experiments. J Nat Prod 2021; 84:771-778. [PMID: 33006889 PMCID: PMC8005429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 1700 naphthoquinones have been reported from a range of natural product source materials, but only 283 have been isolated from fungi, fewer than 75 of those were dimers, and only 2 were heterodimers with a head-to-tail linkage. During a search for anticancer leads from fungi, a series of new naphthoquinones (1-4), including two heterodimers (3 and 4), were isolated from Pyrenochaetopsis sp. (strain MSX63693). In addition, the previously reported 5-hydroxy-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2,7-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthalenedione (5), misakimycin (6), 5-hydroxy-6-[1-(acetyloxy)ethyl]-2,7-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthalenedione (7), 6-ethyl-2,7-dimethoxyjuglone (8), and kirschsteinin (9) were isolated. While the structure elucidation of 1-9 was achieved using procedures common for natural products chemistry studies (high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), 1D and 2D NMR), the elucidation of the heterodimers was facilitated substantially by data from the long-range heteronuclear single quantum multiple bond correlation (LR-HSQMBC) experiment. The absolute configuration of 1 was established by analysis of the measured vs calculated ECD data. The racemic mixture of 4 was established via X-ray crystallography of an analogue that incorporated a heavy atom. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against the human cancer cells lines MDA-MB-435 (melanoma), MDA-MB-231 (breast), and OVCAR3 (ovarian), where the IC50 values ranged between 1 and 20 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Flores-Bocanegra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Bacon
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Amanda C Maldonado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Cedric J Pearce
- Mycosynthetix, Inc., Hillsborough, North Carolina 27278, United States
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
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Flores-Bocanegra L, Augustinović M, Raja HA, Kurina SJ, Maldonado AC, Burdette JE, Falkinham JO, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH. Cytotoxic and antimicrobial drimane meroterpenoids from a fungus of the Stictidaceae (Ostropales, Ascomycota). Tetrahedron Lett 2021; 68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.152896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Al Subeh ZY, Raja HA, Maldonado A, Burdette JE, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH. Thielavins: tuned biosynthesis and LR-HSQMBC for structure elucidation. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2021; 74:300-306. [PMID: 33495550 PMCID: PMC8084880 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-021-00405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of thielavins I, V, and Q (1-3) and the previously undescribed thielavin Z8 (4) were isolated from cultures of a fungal Shiraia-like sp. (strain MSX60519) that were grown under a suite of media and light conditions, with enhanced biosynthesis noted using rice as a substrate with 12:12 h light:dark cycles. Conversely, oatmeal medium and continuous white light-emitting diode light exposure negatively affected the production of these compounds, at least by strain MSX60519. The structure of 4 was determined using NMR spectroscopic data and mass fragmentation patterns. Of note, the utility of LR-HSQMBC and NOESY NMR experiments in the structural elucidation of these hydrogen-deficient natural products was demonstrated. Compounds 1-4 exhibited cytotoxic activity at the micromolar level against human breast, ovarian, and melanoma cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Y Al Subeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Amanda Maldonado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
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Al Subeh ZY, Raja HA, Monro S, Flores-Bocanegra L, El-Elimat T, Pearce CJ, McFarland SA, Oberlies NH. Correction to Enhanced Production and Anticancer Properties of Photoactivated Perylenequinones. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:3765-3766. [PMID: 33314937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Steenwyk JL, Mead ME, de Castro PA, Valero C, Damasio A, dos Santos RAC, Labella AL, Li Y, Knowles SL, Raja HA, Oberlies NH, Zhou X, Cornely OA, Fuchs F, Koehler P, Goldman GH, Rokas A. Genomic and phenotypic analysis of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus. bioRxiv 2020:2020.11.06.371971. [PMID: 33173866 PMCID: PMC7654854 DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.06.371971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first described from Wuhan, China. A subset of COVID-19 patients has been reported to have acquired secondary infections by microbial pathogens, such as fungal opportunistic pathogens from the genus Aspergillus . To gain insight into COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), we analyzed the genomes and characterized the phenotypic profiles of four CAPA isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus obtained from patients treated in the area of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. By examining the mutational spectrum of single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertion-deletion polymorphisms, and copy number variants among 206 genes known to modulate A. fumigatus virulence, we found that CAPA isolate genomes do not exhibit major differences from the genome of the Af293 reference strain. By examining virulence in an invertebrate moth model, growth in the presence of osmotic, cell wall, and oxidative stressors, and the minimum inhibitory concentration of antifungal drugs, we found that CAPA isolates were generally, but not always, similar to A. fumigatus reference strains Af293 and CEA17. Notably, CAPA isolate D had more putative loss of function mutations in genes known to increase virulence when deleted (e.g., in the FLEA gene, which encodes a lectin recognized by macrophages). Moreover, CAPA isolate D was significantly more virulent than the other three CAPA isolates and the A. fumigatus reference strains tested. These findings expand our understanding of the genomic and phenotypic characteristics of isolates that cause CAPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L. Steenwyk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew E. Mead
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Patrícia Alves de Castro
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Clara Valero
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - André Damasio
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Renato A. C. dos Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Abigail L. Labella
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yuanning Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sonja L. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina 27402
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina 27402
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina 27402
| | - Xiaofan Zhou
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Oliver A. Cornely
- University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- ZKS Köln, Clinical Trials Centre Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frieder Fuchs
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Koehler
- University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Gustavo H. Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Todd DA, Kellogg JJ, Wallace ED, Khin M, Flores-Bocanegra L, Tanna RS, McIntosh S, Raja HA, Graf TN, Hemby SE, Paine MF, Oberlies NH, Cech NB. Chemical composition and biological effects of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): In vitro studies with implications for efficacy and drug interactions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19158. [PMID: 33154449 PMCID: PMC7645423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76119-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The safety and efficacy of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) for treatment of pain is highly controversial. Kratom produces more than 40 structurally related alkaloids, but most studies have focused on just two of these, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. Here, we profiled 53 commercial kratom products using untargeted LC-MS metabolomics, revealing two distinct chemotypes that contain different levels of the alkaloid speciofoline. Both chemotypes were confirmed with DNA barcoding to be M. speciosa. To evaluate the biological relevance of variable speciofoline levels in kratom, we compared the opioid receptor binding activity of speciofoline, mitragynine, and 7-hydroxymitragynine. Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine function as partial agonists of the human µ-opioid receptor, while speciofoline does not exhibit measurable binding affinity at the µ-, δ- or ƙ-opioid receptors. Importantly, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine demonstrate functional selectivity for G-protein signaling, with no measurable recruitment of β-arrestin. Overall, the study demonstrates the unique binding and functional profiles of the kratom alkaloids, suggesting potential utility for managing pain, but further studies are needed to follow up on these in vitro findings. All three kratom alkaloids tested inhibited select cytochrome P450 enzymes, suggesting a potential risk for adverse interactions when kratom is co-consumed with drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Todd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, 435 Sullivan Bldg., 301 McIver St., Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - J J Kellogg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, 435 Sullivan Bldg., 301 McIver St., Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - E D Wallace
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, 435 Sullivan Bldg., 301 McIver St., Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - M Khin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, 435 Sullivan Bldg., 301 McIver St., Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - L Flores-Bocanegra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, 435 Sullivan Bldg., 301 McIver St., Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - R S Tanna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - S McIntosh
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, High Point University, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - H A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, 435 Sullivan Bldg., 301 McIver St., Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - T N Graf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, 435 Sullivan Bldg., 301 McIver St., Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - S E Hemby
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, High Point University, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - M F Paine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - N H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, 435 Sullivan Bldg., 301 McIver St., Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - N B Cech
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, 435 Sullivan Bldg., 301 McIver St., Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA.
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Steenwyk JL, Mead ME, Knowles SL, Raja HA, Roberts CD, Bader O, Houbraken J, Goldman GH, Oberlies NH, Rokas A. Variation Among Biosynthetic Gene Clusters, Secondary Metabolite Profiles, and Cards of Virulence Across Aspergillus Species. Genetics 2020; 216:481-497. [PMID: 32817009 PMCID: PMC7536862 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a major human pathogen. In contrast, Aspergillus fischeri and the recently described Aspergillus oerlinghausenensis, the two species most closely related to A. fumigatus, are not known to be pathogenic. Some of the genetic determinants of virulence (or "cards of virulence") that A. fumigatus possesses are secondary metabolites that impair the host immune system, protect from host immune cell attacks, or acquire key nutrients. To examine whether secondary metabolism-associated cards of virulence vary between these species, we conducted extensive genomic and secondary metabolite profiling analyses of multiple A. fumigatus, one A. oerlinghausenensis, and multiple A. fischeri strains. We identified two cards of virulence (gliotoxin and fumitremorgin) shared by all three species and three cards of virulence (trypacidin, pseurotin, and fumagillin) that are variable. For example, we found that all species and strains examined biosynthesized gliotoxin, which is known to contribute to virulence, consistent with the conservation of the gliotoxin biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) across genomes. For other secondary metabolites, such as fumitremorgin, a modulator of host biology, we found that all species produced the metabolite but that there was strain heterogeneity in its production within species. Finally, species differed in their biosynthesis of fumagillin and pseurotin, both contributors to host tissue damage during invasive aspergillosis. A. fumigatus biosynthesized fumagillin and pseurotin, while A. oerlinghausenensis biosynthesized fumagillin and A. fischeri biosynthesized neither. These biochemical differences were reflected in sequence divergence of the intertwined fumagillin/pseurotin BGCs across genomes. These results delineate the similarities and differences in secondary metabolism-associated cards of virulence between a major fungal pathogen and its nonpathogenic closest relatives, shedding light onto the genetic and phenotypic changes associated with the evolution of fungal pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Steenwyk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Matthew E Mead
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Sonja L Knowles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina 27402
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina 27402
| | - Christopher D Roberts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina 27402
| | - Oliver Bader
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Jos Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gustavo H Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-900 Brazil
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina 27402
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
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Graf TN, Kao D, Rivera-Chávez J, Gallagher JM, Raja HA, Oberlies NH. Drug Leads from Endophytic Fungi: Lessons Learned via Scaled Production. Planta Med 2020; 86:988-996. [PMID: 32219776 PMCID: PMC7511429 DOI: 10.1055/a-1130-4856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the isolation and elucidation of a series of polyhydroxyanthraquinones were reported from an organic extract of a solid phase culture of an endophytic fungus, Penicillium restrictum (strain G85). One of these compounds, ω-hydroxyemodin (1: ), showed promising quorum-sensing inhibition against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in both in vitro and in vivo models. The initial supply of 1: was 19 mg, and this amount needed to be scaled by a factor of 30 to 50 times, in order to generate material for further in vivo studies. To do so, improvements were implemented to enhance both the fermentation of the fungal culture and the isolation of this compound, with the target of generating > 800 mg of study materials in a period of 13 wk. Valuable insights, both regarding chemistry and mycology, were gained during the targeted production of 1: on the laboratory-scale. In addition, methods were modified to make the process more environmentally friendly by judicious choice of solvents, implementing procedures for solvent recycling, and minimizing the use of halogenated solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler N. Graf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Diana Kao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - José Rivera-Chávez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
- Department of Natural Products, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jacklyn M. Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
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40
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Al Subeh ZY, Raja HA, Monro S, Flores-Bocanegra L, El-Elimat T, Pearce CJ, McFarland SA, Oberlies NH. Enhanced Production and Anticancer Properties of Photoactivated Perylenequinones. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:2490-2500. [PMID: 32786877 PMCID: PMC7493285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypocrellins and hypomycins are naturally occurring fungal perylenequinones with potential photodynamic activity against cancer and microbial diseases. This project pursued three lines of research. First, the production of perylenequinones was enhanced by investigating the effect of culture medium and light exposure on their biosynthesis. Solid-fermentation cultures on rice medium allowed for enhanced production of hypocrellins as compared to Cheerios or oatmeal medium. Alternatively, increased production of hypomycins, which are structurally related to the hypocrellins, was observed on oatmeal medium. In both cases, light exposure was an essential factor for the enhanced biosynthesis. In addition, this led to the discovery of two new perylenequinones, ent-shiraiachrome A (5) and hypomycin E (8), which were elucidated based on spectroscopic data. Finally, the photocytotoxic effects of both classes of compounds were evaluated against human skin melanoma, with EC50 values at nanomolar levels for hypocrellins and micromolar levels for hypomycins. In contrast, both classes of compounds showed reduced dark toxicity (EC50 values >100 μM), demonstrating promising phototherapeutic indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Y. Al Subeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Susan Monro
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, 6 University Avenue, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Laura Flores-Bocanegra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Tamam El-Elimat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Cedric J. Pearce
- Mycosynthetix, Inc., Hillsborough, North Carolina 27278, United States
| | - Sherri A. McFarland
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, 6 University Avenue, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
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41
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Flores-Bocanegra L, Raja HA, Graf TN, Augustinović M, Wallace ED, Hematian S, Kellogg JJ, Todd DA, Cech NB, Oberlies NH. The Chemistry of Kratom [ Mitragyna speciosa]: Updated Characterization Data and Methods to Elucidate Indole and Oxindole Alkaloids. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:2165-2177. [PMID: 32597657 PMCID: PMC7718854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Two separate commercial products of kratom [Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil. Rubiaceae] were used to generate reference standards of its indole and oxindole alkaloids. While kratom has been studied for over a century, the characterization data in the literature for many of the alkaloids are either incomplete or inconsistent with modern standards. As such, full 1H and 13C NMR spectra, along with HRESIMS and ECD data, are reported for alkaloids 1-19. Of these, four new alkaloids (7, 11, 17, and 18) were characterized using 2D NMR data, and the absolute configurations of 7, 17, and 18 were established by comparison of experimental and calculated ECD spectra. The absolute configuration for the N(4)-oxide (11) was established by comparison of NMR and ECD spectra of its reduced product with those for compound 7. In total, 19 alkaloids were characterized, including the indole alkaloid mitragynine (1) and its diastereoisomers speciociliatine (2), speciogynine (3), and mitraciliatine (4); the indole alkaloid paynantheine (5) and its diastereoisomers isopaynantheine (6) and epiallo-isopaynantheine (7); the N(4)-oxides mitragynine-N(4)-oxide (8), speciociliatine-N(4)-oxide (9), isopaynantheine-N(4)-oxide (10), and epiallo-isopaynantheine-N(4)-oxide (11); the 9-hydroxylated oxindole alkaloids speciofoline (12), isorotundifoleine (13), and isospeciofoleine (14); and the 9-unsubstituted oxindoles corynoxine A (15), corynoxine B (16), 3-epirhynchophylline (17), 3-epicorynoxine B (18), and corynoxeine (19). With the ability to analyze the spectroscopic data of all of these compounds concomitantly, a decision tree was developed to differentiate these kratom alkaloids based on a few key chemical shifts in the 1H and/or 13C NMR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Flores-Bocanegra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Tyler N Graf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Mario Augustinović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - E Diane Wallace
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Shabnam Hematian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Joshua J Kellogg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Daniel A Todd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Nadja B Cech
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
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42
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Steenwyk JL, Lind AL, Ries LNA, Dos Reis TF, Silva LP, Almeida F, Bastos RW, Fraga da Silva TFDC, Bonato VLD, Pessoni AM, Rodrigues F, Raja HA, Knowles SL, Oberlies NH, Lagrou K, Goldman GH, Rokas A. Pathogenic Allodiploid Hybrids of Aspergillus Fungi. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2495-2507.e7. [PMID: 32502407 PMCID: PMC7343619 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interspecific hybridization substantially alters genotypes and phenotypes and can give rise to new lineages. Hybrid isolates that differ from their parental species in infection-relevant traits have been observed in several human-pathogenic yeasts and plant-pathogenic filamentous fungi but have yet to be found in human-pathogenic filamentous fungi. We discovered 6 clinical isolates from patients with aspergillosis originally identified as Aspergillus nidulans (section Nidulantes) that are actually allodiploid hybrids formed by the fusion of Aspergillus spinulosporus with an unknown close relative of Aspergillus quadrilineatus, both in section Nidulantes. Evolutionary genomic analyses revealed that these isolates belong to Aspergillus latus, an allodiploid hybrid species. Characterization of diverse infection-relevant traits further showed that A. latus hybrid isolates are genomically and phenotypically heterogeneous but also differ from A. nidulans, A. spinulosporus, and A. quadrilineatus. These results suggest that allodiploid hybridization contributes to the genomic and phenotypic diversity of filamentous fungal pathogens of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Steenwyk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Abigail L Lind
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Laure N A Ries
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Thaila F Dos Reis
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Lilian P Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Fausto Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael W Bastos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Thais Fernanda de Campos Fraga da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vania L D Bonato
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Moreira Pessoni
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4715-495 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4715-495 Braga, Portugal
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 1400 Spring Garden Street, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Sonja L Knowles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 1400 Spring Garden Street, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 1400 Spring Garden Street, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Katrien Lagrou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Centre for Mycosis, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gustavo H Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Abstract
Covering: up to 2019Fungi produce a remarkable diversity of secondary metabolites: small, bioactive molecules not required for growth but which are essential to their ecological interactions with other organisms. Genes that participate in the same secondary metabolic pathway typically reside next to each other in fungal genomes and form biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). By synthesizing state-of-the-art knowledge on the evolution of BGCs in fungi, we propose that fungal chemodiversity stems from three molecular evolutionary processes involving BGCs: functional divergence, horizontal transfer, and de novo assembly. We provide examples of how these processes have contributed to the generation of fungal chemodiversity, discuss their relative importance, and outline major, outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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44
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Kao D, Flores-Bocanegra L, Raja HA, Darveaux BA, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH. New tricks for old dogs: Two new macrocyclic trichothecene epimers and absolute configuration of 16-hydroxyverrucarin B. Phytochemistry 2020; 172:112238. [PMID: 31931448 PMCID: PMC7050405 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Two new compounds, 3'-epi-16-hydroxyverrucarin A and 3'-epiverrucarin X, have been isolated and identified, and the characterization data of a series of known trichothecenes have been refined. The interesting structure and potent biological activities of macrocyclic trichothecenes have been of interest to the scientific community for several decades. However, some of the characterization data for the older analogues of this class are not well documented, either because of a lack of absolute configuration or a lack of clarity in the NMR data, largely due to technological limitations at the time they were discovered. NMR techniques, application of Mosher's esters analysis, and electronic circular dichroism were used here both to refine the characterization of known trichothecenes, as well as to uncover new structures. These studies demonstrate strategies that can be used to interrogate the characterization data of well-known secondary metabolites, thereby gaining greater insight into methods that can be used to refine previous literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kao
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC, 27402, United States
| | - Laura Flores-Bocanegra
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC, 27402, United States
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC, 27402, United States
| | - Blaise A Darveaux
- Mycosynthetix, Inc., 505 Meadowlands Drive, Suite 103, Hillsborough, NC, 27278, United States
| | - Cedric J Pearce
- Mycosynthetix, Inc., 505 Meadowlands Drive, Suite 103, Hillsborough, NC, 27278, United States
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC, 27402, United States.
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Knowles SL, Raja HA, Isawi IH, Flores-Bocanegra L, Reggio PH, Pearce CJ, Burdette JE, Rokas A, Oberlies NH. Wheldone: Characterization of a Unique Scaffold from the Coculture of Aspergillus fischeri and Xylaria flabelliformis. Org Lett 2020; 22:1878-1882. [PMID: 32096649 PMCID: PMC7153779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Wheldone (1) was isolated and elucidated from a coculture of Aspergillus
fischeri (NRRL 181) and Xylaria flabelliformis (G536), where secondary metabolite biosynthesis was stimulated by
antagonism between these fungi. First observed via in situ analysis between these competing fungal cultures, the conditions
were scaled to reproducibly generate 1, whose novel structure
was elucidated by one- and two-dimensional NMR and mass spectrometry.
Compound 1 displayed cytotoxic activity against breast,
ovarian, and melanoma cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja L Knowles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Israa H Isawi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Laura Flores-Bocanegra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Patricia H Reggio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Cedric J Pearce
- Mycosynthetix, Inc., Hillsborough, North Carolina 27278, United States
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
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Knowles SL, Mead ME, Silva LP, Raja HA, Steenwyk JL, Goldman GH, Oberlies NH, Rokas A. Gliotoxin, a Known Virulence Factor in the Major Human Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus, Is Also Biosynthesized by Its Nonpathogenic Relative Aspergillus fischeri. mBio 2020; 11:e03361-19. [PMID: 32047138 PMCID: PMC7018655 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03361-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a major opportunistic human pathogen. Multiple traits contribute to A. fumigatus pathogenicity, including its ability to produce specific secondary metabolites, such as gliotoxin. Gliotoxin is known to inhibit the host immune response, and genetic mutants that inactivate gliotoxin biosynthesis (or secondary metabolism in general) attenuate A. fumigatus virulence. The genome of Aspergillus fischeri, a very close nonpathogenic relative of A. fumigatus, contains a biosynthetic gene cluster that is homologous to the A. fumigatus gliotoxin cluster. However, A. fischeri is not known to produce gliotoxin. To gain further insight into the similarities and differences between the major pathogen A. fumigatus and the nonpathogen A. fischeri, we examined whether A. fischeri strain NRRL 181 biosynthesizes gliotoxin and whether the production of secondary metabolites influences the virulence profile of A. fischeri We found that A. fischeri biosynthesizes gliotoxin under the same conditions as A. fumigatus However, whereas loss of laeA, a master regulator of secondary metabolite production (including gliotoxin biosynthesis), has previously been shown to reduce A. fumigatus virulence, we found that laeA loss (and loss of secondary metabolite production) in A. fischeri does not influence its virulence. These results suggest that LaeA-regulated secondary metabolites are virulence factors in the genomic and phenotypic background of the major pathogen A. fumigatus but are much less important in the background of the nonpathogen A. fischeri Understanding the observed spectrum of pathogenicity across closely related pathogenic and nonpathogenic Aspergillus species will require detailed characterization of their biological, chemical, and genomic similarities and differences.IMPORTANCEAspergillus fumigatus is a major opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans, but most of its close relatives are nonpathogenic. Why is that so? This important, yet largely unanswered, question can be addressed by examining how A. fumigatus and its close nonpathogenic relatives are similar or different with respect to virulence-associated traits. We investigated whether Aspergillus fischeri, a nonpathogenic close relative of A. fumigatus, can produce gliotoxin, a mycotoxin known to contribute to A. fumigatus virulence. We discovered that the nonpathogenic A. fischeri produces gliotoxin under the same conditions as those of the major pathogen A. fumigatus However, we also discovered that, in contrast to what has previously been observed in A. fumigatus, the loss of secondary metabolite production in A. fischeri does not alter its virulence. Our results are consistent with the "cards of virulence" model of opportunistic fungal disease, in which the ability to cause disease stems from the combination ("hand") of virulence factors ("cards") but not from individual factors per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja L Knowles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew E Mead
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lilian Pereira Silva
- Faculdade de Ciencias Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacob L Steenwyk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gustavo H Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciencias Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Knowles SL, Vu N, Todd DA, Raja HA, Rokas A, Zhang Q, Oberlies NH. Orthogonal Method for Double-Bond Placement via Ozone-Induced Dissociation Mass Spectrometry (OzID-MS). J Nat Prod 2019; 82:3421-3431. [PMID: 31823607 PMCID: PMC7004233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Most often, the structures of secondary metabolites are solved using a suite of NMR techniques. However, there are times when it can be challenging to position double bonds, particularly those that are fully substituted or when there are multiple double bonds in similar chemical environments. Ozone-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (OzID-MS) serves as an orthogonal structure elucidation tool, using predictable fragmentation patterns that are generated after ozonolysis across a carbon-carbon double bond. This technique is finding growing use in the lipidomics community, suggestive of its potential value for secondary metabolites. This methodology was evaluated by confirming the double-bond positions in five fungal secondary metabolites, specifically, ent-sartorypyrone E (1), sartorypyrone A (2), sorbicillin (3), trichodermic acid A (4), and AA03390 (5). This demonstrated its potential with a variety of chemotypes, ranging from polyketides to terpenoids and including those in both conjugated and nonconjugated polyenes. In addition, the potential of using this methodology in the context of a mixture was piloted by studying Aspergillus fischeri, first examining a traditional extract and then sampling a live fungal culture in situ. While the intensity of signals varied from pure compound to extract to in situ, the utility of the technique was preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja L. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412
| | - Ngoc Vu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412
| | - Daniel A. Todd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235
| | - Qibin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, NC 28081
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412
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Amrine CSM, Long JL, Raja HA, Kurina SJ, Burdette JE, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH. Engineering Fluorine into Verticillins (Epipolythiodioxopiperazine Alkaloids) via Precursor-Directed Biosynthesis. J Nat Prod 2019; 82:3104-3110. [PMID: 31633350 PMCID: PMC6996222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Precursor-directed biosynthesis was used to generate a series of fluorinated verticillins. The biosynthesis of these epipolythiodioxopiperazine alkaloids was monitored in situ via the droplet liquid microjunction surface sampling probe (droplet probe), and a suite of NMR and mass spectrometry data were used for their characterization. All analogues demonstrated nanomolar IC50 values vs a panel of cancer cell lines. This approach yielded new compounds that would be difficult to generate via synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiraz Soumia M Amrine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , North Carolina 27402 , United States
| | - Jessica L Long
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , North Carolina 27402 , United States
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , North Carolina 27402 , United States
| | - Steven J Kurina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60612 , United States
| | - Cedric J Pearce
- Mycosynthetix Inc. , 505 Meadowlands Drive, Suite 103 , Hillsborough , North Carolina 27278 , United States
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , North Carolina 27402 , United States
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Oberlies NH, Knowles SL, Amrine CSM, Kao D, Kertesz V, Raja HA. Droplet probe: coupling chromatography to the in situ evaluation of the chemistry of nature. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:944-959. [PMID: 31112181 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00019d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2019The chemistry of nature can be beautiful, inspiring, beneficial and poisonous, depending on perspective. Since the isolation of the first secondary metabolites roughly two centuries ago, much of the chemical research on natural products has been both reductionist and static. Typically, compounds were isolated and characterized from the extract of an entire organism from a single time point. While there could be subtexts to that approach, the general premise has been to determine the chemistry with very little in the way of tools to differentiate spatial and/or temporal changes in secondary metabolite profiles. However, the past decade has seen exponential advances in our ability to observe, measure, and visualize the chemistry of nature in situ. Many of those techniques have been reviewed in this journal, and most are tapping into the power of mass spectrometry to analyze a plethora of sample types. In nearly all of the other techniques used to study chemistry in situ, the element of chromatography has been eliminated, instead using various ionization sources to coax ions of the secondary metabolites directly into the mass spectrometer as a mixture. Much of that science has been driven by the great advances in ambient ionization techniques used with a suite of mass spectrometry platforms, including the alphabet soup from DESI to LAESI to MALDI. This review discusses the one in situ analysis technique that incorporates chromatography, being the droplet-liquid microjunction-surface sampling probe, which is more easily termed "droplet probe". In addition to comparing and contrasting the droplet probe with other techniques, we provide perspective on why scientists, particularly those steeped in natural products chemistry training, may want to include chromatography in in situ analyses. Moreover, we provide justification for droplet sampling, especially for samples with delicate and/or non-uniform topographies. Furthermore, while the droplet probe has been used the most in the analysis of fungal cultures, we digest a variety of other applications, ranging from cyanobacteria, to plant parts, and even delicate documents, such as herbarium specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Sonja L Knowles
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Chiraz Soumia M Amrine
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Diana Kao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Vilmos Kertesz
- Mass Spectrometry and Laser Spectroscopy Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
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Jenner M, Jian X, Dashti Y, Masschelein J, Hobson C, Roberts DM, Jones C, Harris S, Parkhill J, Raja HA, Oberlies NH, Pearce CJ, Mahenthiralingam E, Challis GL. An unusual Burkholderia gladioli double chain-initiating nonribosomal peptide synthetase assembles 'fungal' icosalide antibiotics. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5489-5494. [PMID: 31293732 PMCID: PMC6553374 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04897e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungus-associated Burkholderia gladioli bacteria use a unique ‘dual-priming’ nonribosomal peptide synthetase to assemble icosalide A1.
Burkholderia is a multi-talented genus of Gram-negative bacteria, which in recent years has become increasingly recognised as a promising source of bioactive natural products. Metabolite profiling of Burkholderia gladioli BCC0238 showed that it produces the asymmetric lipopeptidiolide antibiotic icosalide A1, originally isolated from a fungus. Comparative bioinformatics analysis of several genome-sequenced B. gladioli isolates identified a gene encoding a nonribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) with an unusual architecture that was predicted to be responsible for icosalide biosynthesis. Inactivation of this gene in B. gladioli BCC0238 abolished icosalide production. PCR analysis and sequencing of total DNA from the original fungal icosalide A1 producer revealed it has a B. gladioli strain associated with it that harbours an NRPS with an identical architecture to that responsible for icosalide A1 assembly in B. gladioli BCC0238. Sequence analysis of the icosalide NRPS indicated that it contains two chain-initiating condensation (CI) domains. One of these is appended to the N-terminus of module 1 – a common architecture for NRPSs involved in lipopeptide assembly. The other is embedded in module 3, immediately downstream of a putative chain-elongating condensation domain. Analysis of the reactions catalysed by a tridomain construct from module 3 of the NRPS using intact protein mass spectrometry showed that the embedded CI domain initiates assembly of a second lipopeptide chain, providing key insights into the mechanism for asymmetric diolide assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Jenner
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK . .,Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK
| | - Xinyun Jian
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK .
| | - Yousef Dashti
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK .
| | - Joleen Masschelein
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK .
| | - Christian Hobson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK .
| | - Douglas M Roberts
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK .
| | - Cerith Jones
- Organisms and Environment Division , Cardiff School of Biosciences , Cardiff University , Main Building, Park Place , Cardiff CF10 3AT , UK
| | - Simon Harris
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute , Wellcome Trust Genome Campus , Hinxton , Cambridge CB10 1SA , UK
| | - Julian Parkhill
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute , Wellcome Trust Genome Campus , Hinxton , Cambridge CB10 1SA , UK
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University , of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , NC 27402 , USA
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University , of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , NC 27402 , USA
| | - Cedric J Pearce
- Mycosynthetix , 4905 Pine Cone Drive , Durham , North Carolina 27707 , USA
| | - Eshwar Mahenthiralingam
- Organisms and Environment Division , Cardiff School of Biosciences , Cardiff University , Main Building, Park Place , Cardiff CF10 3AT , UK
| | - Gregory L Challis
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK . .,Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Monash University , Victoria 3800 , Australia
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