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Pian Q, Yao R, Zhao L, Intes X. Hyperspectral time-resolved wide-field fluorescence molecular tomography based on structured light and single-pixel detection. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:431-4. [PMID: 25680065 PMCID: PMC4638422 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.000431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We present a time-resolved fluorescence diffuse optical tomography platform that is based on wide-field structured illumination, single-pixel detection, and hyperspectral acquisition. Two spatial light modulators (digital micro-mirror devices) are employed to generate independently wide-field illumination and detection patterns, coupled with a 16-channel spectrophotometer detection module to capture hyperspectral time-resolved tomographic data sets. The main system characteristics are reported, and we demonstrate the feasibility of acquiring dense 4D tomographic data sets (space, time, spectra) for time domain 3D quantitative multiplexed fluorophore concentration mapping in turbid media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
| | - Ruoyang Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
| | - Lingling Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
| | - Xavier Intes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
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52
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Time-Domain Diffuse Optical Imaging of Tissue by Non-contact Scanning. SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-14929-5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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53
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Morris N. When health means suffering: mammograms, pain and compassionate care. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2014; 24:483-92. [PMID: 25521596 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The X-ray mammogram remains the cornerstone of most public health programmes aimed at the early diagnosis of breast cancer. Its virtues of safety, reliability and cheapness maintain its established position, and Western social and cultural traditions of ambivalence to pain push any questions concerning the painfulness of the procedure into the background. As part of a larger UK/USA-based empirical study, we undertook a qualitative analysis of women's accounts of pain experienced in mammograms and their reaction to it, comparing their accounts with professional views and advice to patients as reflected in interviews, patient leaflets and practice guidelines. We found considerable variability of experience and reaction to pain among patients, and indications of similar variability in professionals' views and practice, contrasting with a uniformly reassuring message in formal institutional advice. We suggest that in practice professional work-arounds and patients' felt obligation to tolerate pain bridge this gap, but that action to tackle the problems of dropout and the emotional and operational costs of the current system is nonetheless needed. The need is for concerned groups to combine to establish a serious and sustained programme of amelioration and innovative technological development to assure more compassionate patient care and operational efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Morris
- Department of Science and Technology Studies, University College London, London, UK
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54
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Samkoe KS, Tichauer KM, Gunn JR, Wells WA, Hasan T, Pogue BW. Quantitative in vivo immunohistochemistry of epidermal growth factor receptor using a receptor concentration imaging approach. Cancer Res 2014; 74:7465-74. [PMID: 25344226 PMCID: PMC4268352 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As receptor-targeted therapeutics become increasingly used in clinical oncology, the ability to quantify protein expression and pharmacokinetics in vivo is imperative to ensure successful individualized treatment plans. Current standards for receptor analysis are performed on extracted tissues. These measurements are static and often physiologically irrelevant; therefore, only a partial picture of available receptors for drug targeting in vivo is provided. Until recently, in vivo measurements were limited by the inability to separate delivery, binding, and retention effects, but this can be circumvented by a dual-tracer approach for referencing the detected signal. We hypothesized that in vivo receptor concentration imaging (RCI) would be superior to ex vivo immunohistochemistry (IHC). Using multiple xenograft tumor models with varying EGFR expression, we determined the EGFR concentration in each model using a novel targeted agent (anti-EGFR affibody-IRDye800CW conjugate) along with a simultaneously delivered reference agent (control affibody-IRDye680RD conjugate). The RCI-calculated in vivo receptor concentration was strongly correlated with ex vivo pathologist-scored IHC and computer-quantified ex vivo immunofluorescence. In contrast, no correlation was observed with ex vivo Western blot analysis or in vitro flow-cytometry assays. Overall, our results argue that in vivo RCI provides a robust measure of receptor expression equivalent to ex vivo immunostaining, with implications for use in noninvasive monitoring of therapy or therapeutic guidance during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley S Samkoe
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire.
| | - Kenneth M Tichauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jason R Gunn
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Wendy A Wells
- Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian W Pogue
- Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
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Baker WB, Parthasarathy AB, Busch DR, Mesquita RC, Greenberg JH, Yodh AG. Modified Beer-Lambert law for blood flow. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:4053-75. [PMID: 25426330 PMCID: PMC4242038 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.004053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We develop and validate a Modified Beer-Lambert law for blood flow based on diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) measurements. The new formulation enables blood flow monitoring from temporal intensity autocorrelation function data taken at single or multiple delay-times. Consequentially, the speed of the optical blood flow measurement can be substantially increased. The scheme facilitates blood flow monitoring of highly scattering tissues in geometries wherein light propagation is diffusive or non-diffusive, and it is particularly well-suited for utilization with pressure measurement paradigms that employ differential flow signals to reduce contributions of superficial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley B. Baker
- Dept. Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,
USA
| | | | - David R. Busch
- Dept. Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,
USA
- Div. of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104,
USA
| | - Rickson C. Mesquita
- Institute of Physics, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-859,
Brazil
| | - Joel H. Greenberg
- Dept. Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,
USA
| | - A. G. Yodh
- Dept. Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104,
USA
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56
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Quarto G, Spinelli L, Pifferi A, Torricelli A, Cubeddu R, Abbate F, Balestreri N, Menna S, Cassano E, Taroni P. Estimate of tissue composition in malignant and benign breast lesions by time-domain optical mammography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:3684-98. [PMID: 25360382 PMCID: PMC4206334 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.003684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The optical characterization of malignant and benign breast lesions is presented. Time-resolved transmittance measurements were performed in the 630-1060 nm range by means of a 7-wavelength optical mammograph, providing both imaging and spectroscopy information. A total of 62 lesions were analyzed, including 33 malignant and 29 benign lesions. The characterization of breast lesions was performed applying a perturbation model based on the high-order calculation of the pathlength of photons inside the lesion, which led to the assessment of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin, lipids, water and collagen concentrations. Significant variations between tumor and healthy tissue were observed in terms of both absorption properties and constituents concentration. In particular, benign lesions and tumors show a statistically significant discrimination in terms of absorption at several wavelengths and also in terms of oxy-hemoglobin and collagen content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Quarto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Cubeddu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Abbate
- European Institute of Oncology, Breast Imaging Unit, Via G. Ripamonti, 435, 20141 Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Balestreri
- European Institute of Oncology, Department of Radiology, Via G. Ripamonti, 435, 20141 Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Menna
- European Institute of Oncology, Breast Imaging Unit, Via G. Ripamonti, 435, 20141 Milano, Italy
| | - Enrico Cassano
- European Institute of Oncology, Breast Imaging Unit, Via G. Ripamonti, 435, 20141 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Taroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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57
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Leproux A, Durkin A, Compton M, Cerussi AE, Gratton E, Tromberg BJ. Assessing tumor contrast in radiographically dense breast tissue using Diffuse Optical Spectroscopic Imaging (DOSI). Breast Cancer Res 2014; 15:R89. [PMID: 24066941 PMCID: PMC3979060 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Radiographic density adversely affects the performance of X-ray mammography and can be particularly problematic in younger and high-risk women. Because of this limitation, there is significant ongoing effort to develop alternative cancer screening and detection strategies for this population. This pilot study evaluates the potential of Diffuse Optical Spectroscopic Imaging (DOSI) to image known tumors in dense breast tissue. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis on 24 radiographically dense breast cancer subjects measured with DOSI over a four-year period (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System - BI-RADS, category 3 and 4, average age = 39 ± 7.6, average maximum size 31 ± 17 mm). Two previously-described DOSI contrast functions, the tissue optical index (TOI) and the specific tumor component (STC), which are based upon the concentrations and spectral signatures of hemoglobin, water and lipids, respectively, were used to form 2D optical images of breast tumors. Results Using TOI and STC, 21 out of 24 breast tumors were found to be statistically different from the surrounding highly vascularized dense tissue and to be distinguishable from the areolar region. For these patients, the tumor to normal contrast was 2.6 ± 1.2 (range 1.3 to 5.5) and 10.0 ± 7.5 (range 3.3 to 26.4) for TOI and STC, respectively. STC images were particularly useful in eliminating metabolic background from the retroareolar region which led to identification of two out of four retroareolar tumors. Conclusions Using both the abundance and the disposition of the tissue chromophores recovered from the DOSI measurements, we were able to observe tumor contrast relative to dense breast tissue. These preliminary results suggest that DOSI spectral characterization strategies may provide new information content that could help imaging breast tumors in radiographically dense tissue and in particular in the areolar complex.
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Habermehl C, Steinbrink J, Müller KR, Haufe S. Optimizing the regularization for image reconstruction of cerebral diffuse optical tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:96006. [PMID: 25208243 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.9.096006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an optical method for noninvasively determining brain activation by estimating changes in the absorption of near-infrared light. Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) extends fNIRS by applying overlapping “high density” measurements, and thus providing a three-dimensional imaging with an improved spatial resolution. Reconstructing brain activation images with DOT requires solving an underdetermined inverse problem with far more unknowns in the volume than in the surface measurements. All methods of solving this type of inverse problem rely on regularization and the choice of corresponding regularization or convergence criteria. While several regularization methods are available, it is unclear how well suited they are for cerebral functional DOT in a semi-infinite geometry. Furthermore, the regularization parameter is often chosen without an independent evaluation, and it may be tempting to choose the solution that matches a hypothesis and rejects the other. In this simulation study, we start out by demonstrating how the quality of cerebral DOT reconstructions is altered with the choice of the regularization parameter for different methods. To independently select the regularization parameter, we propose a cross-validation procedure which achieves a reconstruction quality close to the optimum. Additionally, we compare the outcome of seven different image reconstruction methods for cerebral functional DOT. The methods selected include reconstruction procedures that are already widely used for cerebral DOT [minimum l2-norm estimate (l2MNE) and truncated singular value decomposition], recently proposed sparse reconstruction algorithms [minimum l1- and a smooth minimum l0-norm estimate (l1MNE, l0MNE, respectively)] and a depth- and noise-weighted minimum norm (wMNE). Furthermore, we expand the range of algorithms for DOT by adapting two EEG-source localization algorithms [sparse basis field expansions and linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) beamforming]. Independent of the applied noise level, we find that the LCMV beamformer is best for single spot activations with perfect location and focality of the results, whereas the minimum l1-norm estimate succeeds with multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Habermehl
- Berlin Institute of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Machine Learning Group, Marchstraße 23, Berlin 10587, GermanybBernstein Focus Neurotechnology, Department of Computer Science, Marchstraße 23, Berlin 10587, GermanycCharité University Medicin
| | - Jens Steinbrink
- Bernstein Focus Neurotechnology, Department of Computer Science, Marchstraße 23, Berlin 10587, GermanydCharité University Medicine, Center for Stroke Research, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Klaus-Robert Müller
- Berlin Institute of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Machine Learning Group, Marchstraße 23, Berlin 10587, GermanybBernstein Focus Neurotechnology, Department of Computer Science, Marchstraße 23, Berlin 10587, GermanyeBernstein Center for Compu
| | - Stefan Haufe
- Berlin Institute of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Machine Learning Group, Marchstraße 23, Berlin 10587, GermanybBernstein Focus Neurotechnology, Department of Computer Science, Marchstraße 23, Berlin 10587, Germany
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59
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Lv N, He N, Wu Y, Xie C, Wang Y, Kong Y, Wei W, Wu P. Effect of vascular haemoglobin concentrations on ultrasound-guided diffuse optical tomography in differentiating benign from malignant breast lesions. Eur Radiol 2014; 24:2848-56. [PMID: 25097131 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-014-3356-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ultrasound-guided diffuse optical tomography (US-DOT) can potentially detect breast carcinomas by measuring total tumour haemoglobin concentrations (TTHC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether vascular haemoglobin concentrations (VHC) affect the ability of US-DOT to distinguish breast carcinomas from benign. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 85 women (97 palpable lesions) referred for core breast biopsy, we measured VHC with a complete blood count and calculated TTHCs for each lesion with US-DOT. Anaemia was defined as a VHC less than 120.0 g/L. RESULTS Mean TTHCs were significantly higher in malignant lesions (n = 53) than in benign lesions (n = 44), regardless of whether the lesions were from women with anaemia (TTHC, 248.5 vs. 123.3 μmol/L; P = 0.001) or from those without (TTHC, 229.7 vs. 173.9 μmol/L; P = 0.016). A cut-off TTHC of 155.1 μmol/L provided 81.3 % sensitivity, 81.8 % specificity and 81.5 % accuracy for detecting malignant tumours in women with anaemia and 78.4 % sensitivity, 54.5 % specificity and 67.1 % accuracy for women without. There was no significant difference in sensitivity (P = 0.813), specificity (P = 0.108) and accuracy (P = 0.162) between the anaemic group and the non-anaemic group. CONCLUSIONS Vascular haemoglobin concentrations did not affect the ability of US-DOT to differentiate breast carcinomas from benign lesions. KEY POINTS • US-DOT can differentiate benign from malignant breast lesions by measuring TTHC. • No difference in TTHC between the anaemia and non-anaemia group. • Vascular haemoglobin concentrations do not affect the diagnostic ability of US-DOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lv
- Department of Medical Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
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Mozumder M, Tarvainen T, Kaipio JP, Arridge SR, Kolehmainen V. Compensation of modeling errors due to unknown domain boundary in diffuse optical tomography. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2014; 31:1847-1855. [PMID: 25121542 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.31.001847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse optical tomography is a highly unstable problem with respect to modeling and measurement errors. During clinical measurements, the body shape is not always known, and an approximate model domain has to be employed. The use of an incorrect model domain can, however, lead to significant artifacts in the reconstructed images. Recently, the Bayesian approximation error theory has been proposed to handle model-based errors. In this work, the feasibility of the Bayesian approximation error approach to compensate for modeling errors due to unknown body shape is investigated. The approach is tested with simulations. The results show that the Bayesian approximation error method can be used to reduce artifacts in reconstructed images due to unknown domain shape.
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61
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Wabnitz H, Taubert DR, Mazurenka M, Steinkellner O, Jelzow A, Macdonald R, Milej D, Sawosz P, Kacprzak M, Liebert A, Cooper R, Hebden J, Pifferi A, Farina A, Bargigia I, Contini D, Caffini M, Zucchelli L, Spinelli L, Cubeddu R, Torricelli A. Performance assessment of time-domain optical brain imagers, part 1: basic instrumental performance protocol. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:086010. [PMID: 25121479 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.8.086010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Performance assessment of instruments devised for clinical applications is of key importance for validation and quality assurance. Two new protocols were developed and applied to facilitate the design and optimization of instruments for time-domain optical brain imaging within the European project nEUROPt. Here, we present the "Basic Instrumental Performance" protocol for direct measurement of relevant characteristics. Two tests are discussed in detail. First, the responsivity of the detection system is a measure of the overall efficiency to detect light emerging from tissue. For the related test, dedicated solid slab phantoms were developed and quantitatively spectrally characterized to provide sources of known radiance with nearly Lambertian angular characteristics. The responsivity of four time-domain optical brain imagers was found to be of the order of 0.1 m² sr. The relevance of the responsivity measure is demonstrated by simulations of diffuse reflectance as a function of source-detector separation and optical properties. Second, the temporal instrument response function (IRF) is a critically important factor in determining the performance of time-domain systems. Measurements of the IRF for various instruments were combined with simulations to illustrate the impact of the width and shape of the IRF on contrast for a deep absorption change mimicking brain activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Wabnitz
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mikhail Mazurenka
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Steinkellner
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Jelzow
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Macdonald
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Milej
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Sawosz
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Kacprzak
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Liebert
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Cooper
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hebden
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, ItalyeIstituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Farina
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bargigia
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nano Science and Technology @ PoliMi, via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Caffini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Zucchelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Cubeddu
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, ItalyeIstituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Choe R, Putt ME, Carlile PM, Durduran T, Giammarco JM, Busch DR, Jung KW, Czerniecki BJ, Tchou J, Feldman MD, Mies C, Rosen MA, Schnall MD, DeMichele A, Yodh AG. Optically measured microvascular blood flow contrast of malignant breast tumors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99683. [PMID: 24967878 PMCID: PMC4072684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvascular blood flow contrast is an important hemodynamic and metabolic parameter with potential to enhance in vivo breast cancer detection and therapy monitoring. Here we report on non-invasive line-scan measurements of malignant breast tumors with a hand-held optical probe in the remission geometry. The probe employs diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS), a near-infrared optical method that quantifies deep tissue microvascular blood flow. Tumor-to-normal perfusion ratios are derived from thirty-two human subjects. Mean (95% confidence interval) tumor-to-normal ratio using surrounding normal tissue was 2.25 (1.92–2.63); tumor-to-normal ratio using normal tissues at the corresponding tumor location in the contralateral breast was 2.27 (1.94–2.66), and using normal tissue in the contralateral breast was 2.27 (1.90–2.70). Thus, the mean tumor-to-normal ratios were significantly different from unity irrespective of the normal tissue chosen, implying that tumors have significantly higher blood flow than normal tissues. Therefore, the study demonstrates existence of breast cancer contrast in blood flow measured by DCS. The new, optically accessible cancer contrast holds potential for cancer detection and therapy monitoring applications, and it is likely to be especially useful when combined with diffuse optical spectroscopy/tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Choe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mary E. Putt
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Peter M. Carlile
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO- Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Joseph M. Giammarco
- Department of Astronomy & Physics, Eastern University, St. Davids, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David R. Busch
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ki Won Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Brian J. Czerniecki
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Julia Tchou
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Feldman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Mies
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Rosen
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mitchell D. Schnall
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Angela DeMichele
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Arjun G. Yodh
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Prakash J, Dehghani H, Pogue BW, Yalavarthy PK. Model-resolution-based basis pursuit deconvolution improves diffuse optical tomographic imaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2014; 33:891-901. [PMID: 24710158 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2013.2297691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The image reconstruction problem encountered in diffuse optical tomographic imaging is ill-posed in nature, necessitating the usage of regularization to result in stable solutions. This regularization also results in loss of resolution in the reconstructed images. A frame work, that is attributed by model-resolution, to improve the reconstructed image characteristics using the basis pursuit deconvolution method is proposed here. The proposed method performs this deconvolution as an additional step in the image reconstruction scheme. It is shown, both in numerical and experimental gelatin phantom cases, that the proposed method yields better recovery of the target shapes compared to traditional method, without the loss of quantitativeness of the results.
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64
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Schneble EJ, Graham LJ, Shupe MP, Flynt FL, Banks KP, Kirkpatrick AD, Nissan A, Henry L, Stojadinovic A, Shumway NM, Avital I, Peoples GE, Setlik RF. Future directions for the early detection of recurrent breast cancer. J Cancer 2014; 5:291-300. [PMID: 24790657 PMCID: PMC3982042 DOI: 10.7150/jca.8017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of follow-up care after breast cancer treatment is the early detection of disease recurrence. In this review, we emphasize the multidisciplinary approach to this continuity of care from surgery, medical oncology, and radiology. Challenges within each setting are briefly addressed as a means of discussion for the future directions of an effective and efficient surveillance plan of post-treatment breast cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika J Schneble
- 1. San Antonio Military Medical Center (SAMMC), 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Ft. Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Lindsey J Graham
- 1. San Antonio Military Medical Center (SAMMC), 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Ft. Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Matthew P Shupe
- 1. San Antonio Military Medical Center (SAMMC), 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Ft. Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Frederick L Flynt
- 1. San Antonio Military Medical Center (SAMMC), 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Ft. Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Kevin P Banks
- 1. San Antonio Military Medical Center (SAMMC), 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Ft. Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Aaron D Kirkpatrick
- 1. San Antonio Military Medical Center (SAMMC), 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Ft. Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Aviram Nissan
- 2. Hadassah Medical Center, Kiryat Hadassah, POB 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Leonard Henry
- 3. IU Health Goshen, 200 High Park Ave., Goshen, IN 46526, USA
| | | | - Nathan M Shumway
- 1. San Antonio Military Medical Center (SAMMC), 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Ft. Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Itzhak Avital
- 4. Bon Secours Cancer Institute, 5855 Bremo Road, Richmond, VA 23226, USA
| | - George E Peoples
- 1. San Antonio Military Medical Center (SAMMC), 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Ft. Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Robert F Setlik
- 1. San Antonio Military Medical Center (SAMMC), 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Ft. Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
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Busch DR, Choe R, Durduran T, Friedman DH, Baker WB, Maidment AD, Rosen MA, Schnall MD, Yodh AG. Blood flow reduction in breast tissue due to mammographic compression. Acad Radiol 2014; 21:151-61. [PMID: 24439328 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES This study measures hemodynamic properties such as blood flow and hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation in the healthy human breast under a wide range of compressive loads. Because many breast-imaging technologies derive contrast from the deformed breast, these load-dependent vascular responses affect contrast agent-enhanced and hemoglobin-based breast imaging. METHODS Diffuse optical and diffuse correlation spectroscopies were used to measure the concentrations of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin, lipid, water, and microvascular blood flow during axial breast compression in the parallel-plate transmission geometry. RESULTS Significant reductions (P < .01) in total hemoglobin concentration (∼30%), blood oxygenation (∼20%), and blood flow (∼87%) were observed under applied pressures (forces) of up to 30 kPa (120 N) in 15 subjects. Lipid and water concentrations changed <10%. CONCLUSIONS Imaging protocols based on injected contrast agents should account for variation in tissue blood flow due to mammographic compression. Similarly, imaging techniques that depend on endogenous blood contrasts will be affected by breast compression during imaging.
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Martelli F, Di Ninni P, Zaccanti G, Contini D, Spinelli L, Torricelli A, Cubeddu R, Wabnitz H, Mazurenka M, Macdonald R, Sassaroli A, Pifferi A. Phantoms for diffuse optical imaging based on totally absorbing objects, part 2: experimental implementation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:076011. [PMID: 25023415 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.7.076011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We present the experimental implementation and validation of a phantom for diffuse optical imaging based on totally absorbing objects for which, in the previous paper [J. Biomed. Opt.18(6), 066014, (2013)], we have provided the basic theory. Totally absorbing objects have been manufactured as black polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cylinders and the phantom is a water dilution of intralipid-20% as the diffusive medium and India ink as the absorber, filled into a black scattering cell made of PVC. By means of time-domain measurements and of Monte Carlo simulations, we have shown the reliability, the accuracy, and the robustness of such a phantom in mimicking typical absorbing perturbations of diffuse optical imaging. In particular, we show that such a phantom can be used to generate any absorption perturbation by changing the volume and position of the totally absorbing inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Martelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paola Di Ninni
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zaccanti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Cubeddu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, ItalycIstituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Heidrun Wabnitz
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mikhail Mazurenka
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Macdonald
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelo Sassaroli
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, ItalycIstituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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67
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Xu C, Kumavor PD, Alqasemi U, Li H, Xu Y, Zanganeh S, Zhu Q. Indocyanine green enhanced co-registered diffuse optical tomography and photoacoustic tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2013; 18:126006. [PMID: 24343437 PMCID: PMC3865897 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.12.126006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the intensive light scattering in biological tissue, diffuse optical tomography (DOT) in the near-infrared range for breast lesion detection is usually combined with other imaging modalities, such as ultrasound, x-ray, and magnetic resonance imaging, to provide guidance. However, these guiding imaging modalities may depend on different contrast mechanisms compared to the optical contrast in the DOT. As a result, they cannot provide reliable guidance for DOT because some lesions may not be detectable by a nonoptical modality but may have a high optical contrast. An imaging modality that relies on optical contrast to provide guidance is desirable for DOT. We present a system that combines a frequency-domain DOT and real-time photoacoustic tomography (PAT) systems to detect and characterize deeply seated targets embedded in a turbid medium. To further improve the contrast, the exogenous contrast agent, indocyanine green (ICG), is used. Our experimental results show that the combined system can detect a tumor-mimicking phantom, which is immersed in intralipid solution with the concentrations ranging from 100 to 10 μM and with the dimensions of 0.8 cm × 0.8 cm × 0.6 cm, up to 2.5 cm in depth. Mice experiments also confirmed that the combined system can detect tumors and monitor the ICG uptake and washout in the tumor region. This method can potentially improve the accuracy to detect small breast lesions as well as lesions that are sensitive to background tissue changes, such as the lesions located just above the chest wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- University of Connecticut, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 371 Fairfield Road, Unit 4157, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4157
- Address all correspondence to: Chen Xu, University of Connecticut, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 371 Fairfield Road, Unit 4157, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4157. Tel: 860-486-2248; Fax: 860-486-2447; E-mail:
| | - Patrick D. Kumavor
- University of Connecticut, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 371 Fairfield Road, Unit 4157, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4157
| | - Umar Alqasemi
- University of Connecticut, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 371 Fairfield Road, Unit 4157, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4157
| | - Hai Li
- University of Connecticut, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 371 Fairfield Road, Unit 4157, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4157
| | - Yan Xu
- University of Connecticut, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 371 Fairfield Road, Unit 4157, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4157
| | - Saeid Zanganeh
- University of Connecticut, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 371 Fairfield Road, Unit 4157, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4157
| | - Quing Zhu
- University of Connecticut, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 371 Fairfield Road, Unit 4157, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4157
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68
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Prakash J, Yalavarthy PK. A LSQR-type method provides a computationally efficient automated optimal choice of regularization parameter in diffuse optical tomography. Med Phys 2013; 40:033101. [PMID: 23464341 DOI: 10.1118/1.4792459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Developing a computationally efficient automated method for the optimal choice of regularization parameter in diffuse optical tomography. METHODS The least-squares QR (LSQR)-type method that uses Lanczos bidiagonalization is known to be computationally efficient in performing the reconstruction procedure in diffuse optical tomography. The same is effectively deployed via an optimization procedure that uses the simplex method to find the optimal regularization parameter. The proposed LSQR-type method is compared with the traditional methods such as L-curve, generalized cross-validation (GCV), and recently proposed minimal residual method (MRM)-based choice of regularization parameter using numerical and experimental phantom data. RESULTS The results indicate that the proposed LSQR-type and MRM-based methods performance in terms of reconstructed image quality is similar and superior compared to L-curve and GCV-based methods. The proposed method computational complexity is at least five times lower compared to MRM-based method, making it an optimal technique. CONCLUSIONS The LSQR-type method was able to overcome the inherent limitation of computationally expensive nature of MRM-based automated way finding the optimal regularization parameter in diffuse optical tomographic imaging, making this method more suitable to be deployed in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Prakash
- Supercomputer Education and Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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69
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Mozumder M, Tarvainen T, Arridge SR, Kaipio J, Kolehmainen V. Compensation of optode sensitivity and position errors in diffuse optical tomography using the approximation error approach. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:2015-31. [PMID: 24156061 PMCID: PMC3799663 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.002015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse optical tomography is highly sensitive to measurement and modeling errors. Errors in the source and detector coupling and positions can cause significant artifacts in the reconstructed images. Recently the approximation error theory has been proposed to handle modeling errors. In this article, we investigate the feasibility of the approximation error approach to compensate for modeling errors due to inaccurately known optode locations and coupling coefficients. The approach is evaluated with simulations. The results show that the approximation error method can be used to recover from artifacts in reconstructed images due to optode coupling and position errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghdoot Mozumder
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern
Finland P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio,
Finland
| | - Tanja Tarvainen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern
Finland P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio,
Finland
- Department of Computer Science, University College London Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | - Simon R. Arridge
- Department of Computer Science, University College London Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | - Jari Kaipio
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern
Finland P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio,
Finland
- Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland Private Bag 92019, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142,
New Zealand
| | - Ville Kolehmainen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern
Finland P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio,
Finland
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70
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Enfield LC, Hebden JC, Gibson AP. The reproducibility of optical mammography in healthy volunteers. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:4579-94. [PMID: 23771048 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/13/4579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the reproducibility of optical mammography. Eight healthy pre-menopausal volunteers were scanned at different time intervals (minutes, weeks and months apart) to investigate the effects of within-subject variation, between-subject variation and systematic variations on both the raw data and images. The study shows that the greatest source of variation in optical mammography raw data and images is between different subjects, and scans of the same subject are very reproducible. The averaged total haemoglobin concentration from the eight volunteers was (24 ± 10) µM, and the average tissue oxygen saturation was (70 ± 10)%, which is comparable with other data in the literature. The average absorption coefficient at 780 nm was (0.0048 ± 0.0017) mm(-1) and the average reduced scatter coefficient at 780 nm was (0.80 ± 0.12) mm(-1). Again, this is comparable with published values. When our data are combined with the published values, the weighted average total haemoglobin concentration and tissue oxygen saturation for pre-menopausal breasts are (29 ± 8) µM and (73 ± 3)%, respectively. The results of our study show that we can be reassured that any changes within the tumour region seen during neoadjuvant therapy are likely to be due to a real physiological response to treatment, as the physiological properties of the breast remain relatively constant. However, in this study, we cannot distinguish between a tumour response to treatment and systemic changes in the healthy breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Enfield
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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71
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Busch DR, Choe R, Durduran T, Yodh AG. Towards non-invasive characterization of breast cancer and cancer metabolism with diffuse optics. PET Clin 2013; 8. [PMID: 24244206 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We review recent developments in diffuse optical imaging and monitoring of breast cancer, i.e. optical mammography. Optical mammography permits non-invasive, safe and frequent measurement of tissue hemodynamics oxygen metabolism and components (lipids, water, etc.), the development of new compound indices indicative of the risk and malignancy, and holds potential for frequent non-invasive longitudinal monitoring of therapy progression.
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72
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Martelli F, Pifferi A, Contini D, Spinelli L, Torricelli A, Wabnitz H, Macdonald R, Sassaroli A, Zaccanti G. Phantoms for diffuse optical imaging based on totally absorbing objects, part 1: Basic concepts. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2013; 18:066014. [PMID: 23778947 PMCID: PMC4023647 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.6.066014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The design of inhomogeneous phantoms for diffuse optical imaging purposes using totally absorbing objects embedded in a diffusive medium is proposed and validated. From time-resolved and continuous-wave Monte Carlo simulations, it is shown that a given or desired perturbation strength caused by a realistic absorbing inhomogeneity of a certain absorption and volume can be approximately mimicked by a small totally absorbing object of a so-called equivalent black volume (equivalence relation). This concept can be useful in two ways. First, it can be exploited to design realistic inhomogeneous phantoms with different perturbation strengths simply using a set of black objects with different volumes. Further, it permits one to grade physiological or pathological changes on a reproducible scale of perturbation strengths given as equivalent black volumes, thus facilitating the performance assessment of clinical instruments. A set of plots and interpolating functions to derive the equivalent black volume corresponding to a given absorption change is provided. The application of the equivalent black volume concept for grading different optical perturbations is demonstrated for some examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Martelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
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73
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Kainerstorfer JM, Yu Y, Weliwitigoda G, Anderson PG, Sassaroli A, Fantini S. Depth discrimination in diffuse optical transmission imaging by planar scanning off-axis fibers: initial applications to optical mammography. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58510. [PMID: 23516494 PMCID: PMC3597739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a method for depth discrimination in parallel-plate, transmission mode, diffuse optical imaging. The method is based on scanning a set of detector pairs, where the two detectors in each pair are separated by a distance δDi along direction δ D i within the x-y scanning plane. A given optical inhomogeneity appears shifted by αi δ D i (with 0≤ αi ≤1) in the images collected with the two detection fibers of the i-th pair. Such a spatial shift can be translated into a measurement of the depth z of the inhomogeneity, and the depth measurements based on each detector pair are combined into a specially designed weighted average. This depth assessment is demonstrated on tissue-like phantoms for simple inhomogeneities such as straight rods in single-rod or multiple-rod configurations, and for more complex curved structures which mimic blood vessels in the female breast. In these phantom tests, the method has recovered the depth of single inhomogeneities in the central position of the phantom to within 4 mm of their actual value, and within 7 mm for more superficial inhomogeneities, where the thickness of the phantom was 65 mm. The application of this method to more complex images, such as optical mammograms, requires a robust approach to identify corresponding structures in the images collected with the two detectors of a given pair. To this aim, we propose an approach based on the inner product of the skeleton images collected with the two detectors of each pair, and we present an application of this approach to optical in vivo images of the female breast. This depth discrimination method can enhance the spatial information content of 2D projection images of the breast by assessing the depth of detected structures, and by allowing for 3D localization of breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana M Kainerstorfer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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74
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Erickson SJ, Martinez SL, DeCerce J, Romero A, Caldera L, Godavarty A. Three-dimensional fluorescence tomography of human breast tissues in vivo using a hand-held optical imager. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:1563-79. [PMID: 23417060 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/5/1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse optical imaging using non-ionizing radiation is a non-invasive method that shows promise towards breast cancer diagnosis. Hand-held optical imagers show potential for clinical translation of the technology, yet they have not been used towards 3D tomography. Herein, 3D tomography of human breast tissue in vivo is demonstrated for the first time using a hand-held optical imager with automated coregistration facilities. Simulation studies are performed on breast geometries to demonstrate the feasibility of 3D tomographic imaging using a hand-held imager under perfect (1:0) and imperfect (100:1, 50:1) fluorescence absorption contrast ratios. Experimental studies are performed in vivo using a 1 µM ICG filled phantom target placed non-invasively underneath the flap of the breast tissue. Results show the ability to perform automated tracking and coregistered imaging of human breast tissue (with tracking accuracy on the order of ∼1 cm). Three-dimensional tomography results demonstrated the ability to recover a single target placed at a depth of 2.5 cm, from both the simulated (at 1:0, 100:1 and 50:1 contrasts) and experimental cases on actual breast tissues. Ongoing efforts to improve target depth recovery are carried out via implementation of transmittance imaging in the hand-held imager.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Erickson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street EC 2610, Miami, FL 33174, USA
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75
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Choi JS, Kim MJ, Youk JH, Moon HJ, Suh HJ, Kim EK. US-guided optical tomography: correlation with clinicopathologic variables in breast cancer. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2013; 39:233-40. [PMID: 23219038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We tested the relationships between total hemoglobin concentration (THC), as measured with ultrasound (US)-guided optical tomography, and clinicopathologic variables in invasive ductal cancers; and we evaluated the clinical significance of THC. Fifty-three patients with 65 invasive ductal carcinomas underwent US-guided biopsy and were scanned with a hand-held probe consisting of a co-registered US transducer and an NIR (near-infrared) imager. The lesion location provided by co-registered US was used to guide optical imaging. Light absorption was measured at two optical wavelengths. From this measurement, tumor angiogenesis was assessed on the basis of calculated THC. We investigated the relationships between maximum THC and clinicopathologic variables (tumor size [≤2 cm or >2 cm], metastasis to lymph node or distant organ, histologic grade, lymphovascular invasion, status of ER, PR, HER2 and Ki-67, and triple negativity). The mean maximum THC in the breast cancers was 223.3 ± 106.3 μmol/L. In univariate analysis, HER2 positivity, tumor size, and Ki-67 positivity showed significant correlations with maximum THC (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis including tumor size, and ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67 status, HER2 positivity correlated with maximum THC significantly (p = 0.007, parameter estimate 76.44). Maximum THC correlated with HER2, Ki-67 and tumor size in this group of ductal breast carcinomas. Thus, US-guided diffuse optical tomography (US-DOT) may potentially be used to predict tumor aggressiveness in patients with invasive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Choi
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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76
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Zhang W, Wu L, Li J, Yi X, Wang X, Lu Y, Chen W, Zhou Z, Zhang L, Zhao H, Gao F. Combined hemoglobin and fluorescence diffuse optical tomography for breast tumor diagnosis: a pilot study on time-domain methodology. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:331-48. [PMID: 23412647 PMCID: PMC3567719 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.000331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A combined time-domain fluorescence and hemoglobin diffuse optical tomography (DOT) system and the image reconstruction methods are proposed for enhancing the reliability of breast-dedicated optical measurement. The system equipped with two pulsed laser diodes at wavelengths of 780 nm and 830 nm that are specific to the peak excitation and emission of the FDA-approved ICG agent, and works with a 4-channel time-correlated single photon counting device to acquire the time-resolved distributions of the light re-emissions at 32 boundary sites of tissues in a tandem serial-to-parallel mode. The simultaneous reconstruction of the two optical (absorption and scattering) and two fluorescent (yield and lifetime) properties are achieved with the respective featured-data algorithms based on the generalized pulse spectrum technique. The performances of the methodology are experimentally assessed on breast-mimicking phantoms for hemoglobin- and fluorescence-DOT alone, as well as for fluorescence-guided hemoglobin-DOT. The results demonstrate the efficacy of improving the accuracy of hemoglobin-DOT based on a priori fluorescence localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Linhui Wu
- College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiao Li
- College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xi Yi
- College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yiming Lu
- College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Weiting Chen
- College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhongxing Zhou
- College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huijuan Zhao
- College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin 300072, China
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77
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Mozumder M, Tarvainen T, Arridge SR, Kaipio J, Kolehmainen V. Compensation of optode sensitivity and position errors in diffuse optical tomography using the approximation error approach. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:2015-2031. [PMID: 24156061 DOI: 10.1364/biomed.2014.bm3a.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse optical tomography is highly sensitive to measurement and modeling errors. Errors in the source and detector coupling and positions can cause significant artifacts in the reconstructed images. Recently the approximation error theory has been proposed to handle modeling errors. In this article, we investigate the feasibility of the approximation error approach to compensate for modeling errors due to inaccurately known optode locations and coupling coefficients. The approach is evaluated with simulations. The results show that the approximation error method can be used to recover from artifacts in reconstructed images due to optode coupling and position errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghdoot Mozumder
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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78
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Ma W, Zhang W, Yi X, Li J, Wu L, Wang X, Zhang L, Zhou Z, Zhao H, Gao F. Time-domain fluorescence-guided diffuse optical tomography based on the third-order simplified harmonics approximation. APPLIED OPTICS 2012; 51:8656-8668. [PMID: 23262607 DOI: 10.1364/ao.51.008656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Extensive efforts have been made to integrate diffuse optical tomography (DOT) with other imaging modalities, such as magnetic-resonance imaging and x-ray computerized tomography, for its performance improvement. However, the experimental apparatus is in general intricate and costly due to adoption of the physically distinct radiation regimes. In this study, a time-domain fluorescence-guided DOT methodology that incorporates a priori localization information provided by diffuse fluorescence tomography (DFT) is investigated in an attempt to optimize recovery of the optical property distributions. The methodology is based on a specifically designed multichannel time-correlated single-photon-counting DOT/DFT system as well as a featured-data image reconstruction scheme that is developed within the framework of the generalized pulse spectrum technique and employs the third-order simplified harmonics approximation to the radiative transfer equation as the forward model. We have validated the methodology using phantom experiments and demonstrated that, with the guidance of fluorescence a priori, the quantitativeness and spatial resolution of the recovered optical target can be considerably improved in terms of the absorption and scattering images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Ma
- College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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79
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Optical imaging in breast cancer diagnosis: the next evolution. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2012; 2012:863747. [PMID: 23304141 PMCID: PMC3529498 DOI: 10.1155/2012/863747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among the population of the Western world. Diagnostic methods include mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance; meanwhile, nuclear medicine techniques have a secondary role, being useful in regional assessment and therapy followup. Optical imaging is a very promising imaging technique that uses near-infrared light to assess optical properties of tissues and is expected to play an important role in breast cancer detection. Optical breast imaging can be performed by intrinsic breast tissue contrast alone (hemoglobin, water, and lipid content) or with the use of exogenous fluorescent probes that target specific molecules for breast cancer. Major advantages of optical imaging are that it does not use any radioactive components, very high sensitivity, relatively inexpensive, easily accessible, and the potential to be combined in a multimodal approach with other technologies such as mammography, ultrasound, MRI, and positron emission tomography. Moreover, optical imaging agents could, potentially, be used as “theranostics,” combining the process of diagnosis and therapy.
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80
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Poellinger A. Near-infrared imaging of breast cancer using optical contrast agents. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2012; 5:815-26. [PMID: 23132668 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer death. On the basis of three studies performed by our group, this article reviews the current status of optical breast imaging using extrinsic contrast agents. To date, only two contrast agents have been applied in human studies, indocyanine green (ICG) and omocianine. Both contrast media were used for absorption and fluorescence imaging. Generally speaking, malignant breast lesions exhibited higher absorption contrast as well as higher fluorescence contrast compared to benign lesions or non-diseased breast tissue. Some groups consider early enhancement characteristics helpful for differentiation between malignant and benign lesions. Late fluorescence ICG imaging - capitalizing on the extravasation of the dye through the wall of tumorous vessels - seems to be a promising technique to distinguish malignant from benign breast lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Poellinger
- Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Radiology, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.
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81
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Thayer DA, Lin Y, Luk A, Gulsen G. Laser-induced photo-thermal magnetic imaging. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2012; 101:83703. [PMID: 22991481 PMCID: PMC3436912 DOI: 10.1063/1.4742158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Due to the strong scattering nature of biological tissue, optical imaging beyond the diffusion limit suffers from low spatial resolution. In this letter, we present an imaging technique, laser-induced photo-thermal magnetic imaging (PMI), which uses laser illumination to induce temperature increase in a medium and magnetic resonance imaging to map the spatially varying temperature, which is proportional to absorbed energy. This technique can provide high-resolution images of optical absorption and can potentially be used for small animal as well as breast cancer and lymph node imaging. First, we describe the theory of PMI, including the modeling of light propagation and heat transfer in tissue. We also present experimental data with corresponding predictions from theoretical models, which show excellent agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Thayer
- Tu and Yuen Center for Functional Onco Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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82
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Dhawan AP, D'Alessandro B, Fu X. Optical imaging modalities for biomedical applications. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2012; 3:69-92. [PMID: 22275202 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2010.2081975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Optical photographic imaging is a well known imaging method that has been successfully translated into biomedical applications such as microscopy and endoscopy. Although several advanced medical imaging modalities are used today to acquire anatomical, physiological, metabolic, and functional information from the human body, optical imaging modalities including optical coherence tomography, confocal microscopy, multiphoton microscopy, multispectral endoscopy, and diffuse reflectance imaging have recently emerged with significant potential for non-invasive, portable, and cost-effective imaging for biomedical applications spanning tissue, cellular, and molecular levels. This paper reviews methods for modeling the propagation of light photons in a biological medium, as well as optical imaging from organ to cellular levels using visible and near-infrared wavelengths for biomedical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atam P Dhawan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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83
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Gonzalez J, DeCerce J, Erickson SJ, Martinez SL, Nunez A, Roman M, Traub B, Flores CA, Roberts SM, Hernandez E, Aguirre W, Kiszonas R, Godavarty A. Hand-held optical imager (Gen-2): improved instrumentation and target detectability. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:081402-1. [PMID: 23224163 PMCID: PMC3381015 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.8.081402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hand-held optical imagers are developed by various researchers towards reflectance-based spectroscopic imaging of breast cancer. Recently, a Gen-1 handheld optical imager was developed with capabilities to perform two-dimensional (2-D) spectroscopic as well as three-dimensional (3-D) tomographic imaging studies. However, the imager was bulky with poor surface contact (~30%) along curved tissues, and limited sensitivity to detect targets consistently. Herein, a Gen-2 hand-held optical imager that overcame the above limitations of the Gen-1 imager has been developed and the instrumentation described. The Gen-2 hand-held imager is less bulky, portable, and has improved surface contact (~86%) on curved tissues. Additionally, the forked probe head design is capable of simultaneous bilateral reflectance imaging of both breast tissues, and also transillumination imaging of a single breast tissue. Experimental studies were performed on tissue phantoms to demonstrate the improved sensitivity in detecting targets using the Gen-2 imager. The improved instrumentation of the Gen-2 imager allowed detection of targets independent of their location with respect to the illumination points, unlike in Gen-1 imager. The developed imager has potential for future clinical breast imaging with enhanced sensitivity, via both reflectance and transillumination imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Gonzalez
- Florida International University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, Miami, Florida 33174
| | - Joseph DeCerce
- Florida International University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, Miami, Florida 33174
| | - Sarah J. Erickson
- Florida International University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, Miami, Florida 33174
| | - Sergio L. Martinez
- Florida International University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, Miami, Florida 33174
| | - Annie Nunez
- Florida International University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, Miami, Florida 33174
| | - Manuela Roman
- Florida International University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, Miami, Florida 33174
| | - Barbara Traub
- Florida International University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, Miami, Florida 33174
| | - Cecilia A. Flores
- Florida International University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, Miami, Florida 33174
| | - Seigbeh M. Roberts
- Florida International University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, Miami, Florida 33174
| | - Estrella Hernandez
- Florida International University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, Miami, Florida 33174
| | - Wenceslao Aguirre
- Florida International University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, Miami, Florida 33174
| | - Richard Kiszonas
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Breast Imaging Division, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Anuradha Godavarty
- Florida International University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, Miami, Florida 33174
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84
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Pearlman PC, Adams A, Elias SG, Mali WPTM, Viergever MA, Pluim JPW. Mono- and multimodal registration of optical breast images. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:080901-1. [PMID: 23224161 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.8.080901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical breast imaging offers the possibility of noninvasive, low cost, and high sensitivity imaging of breast cancers. Poor spatial resolution and a lack of anatomical landmarks in optical images of the breast make interpretation difficult and motivate registration and fusion of these data with subsequent optical images and other breast imaging modalities. Methods used for registration and fusion of optical breast images are reviewed. Imaging concerns relevant to the registration problem are first highlighted, followed by a focus on both monomodal and multimodal registration of optical breast imaging. Where relevant, methods pertaining to other imaging modalities or imaged anatomies are presented. The multimodal registration discussion concerns digital x-ray mammography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Pearlman
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Image Sciences Institute, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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85
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Choe R, Durduran T. Diffuse Optical Monitoring of the Neoadjuvant Breast Cancer Therapy. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2012; 18:1367-1386. [PMID: 23243386 PMCID: PMC3521564 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2011.2177963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the use of diffuse optical techniques for monitoring the hemodynamic, metabolic and physiological signatures of the neoadjuvant breast cancer therapy effectiveness is critically reviewed. An extensive discussion of the state-of-theart diffuse optical mammography is presented alongside a discussion of the current approaches to breast cancer therapies. Overall, the diffuse optics field is growing rapidly with a great deal of promise to fill an important niche in the current approaches to monitor, predict and personalize neoadjuvant breast cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regine Choe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA;
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO- Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860, Barcelona, Spain;
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86
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Sadeghi-Naini A, Falou O, Hudson JM, Bailey C, Burns PN, Yaffe MJ, Stanisz GJ, Kolios MC, Czarnota GJ. Imaging innovations for cancer therapy response monitoring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/iim.12.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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87
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SREE SVINITHA, NG EDDIEYK, ACHARYA U RAJENDRA, TAN WILLIAM. BREAST IMAGING SYSTEMS: A REVIEW AND COMPARATIVE STUDY. J MECH MED BIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519410003277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the successful union between computational technologies and basic laws of physics and biological sciences, many biomedical imaging systems now find significant presence in clinical settings, aiding physicians in diagnosing most forms of human illness with more confidence. In the case of breast imaging, apart from the basic diagnosis, these imaging systems also help in locating the abnormal tissues for biopsy, identifying the exact margins of the lesion for good lumpectomy results, staging and restaging the cancer, detecting locations of metastases, and planning and following up treatment protocols. It is well known that early detection of cancer is the only way to increase the survival rate of the patient. Without such imaging systems, it would be hard and almost impossible for the physicians to determine the nature and extent of the disease by merely simple physical examinations and biopsies. This article presents a description of most of these invaluable breast-imaging systems. Moreover, a comparison of these modalities and a review of a few of the developments these devices have come across over the years are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. VINITHA SREE
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - EDDIE Y.-K. NG
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Adjunct NUH Scientist, Office of Biomedical Research, National University Hospital of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - RAJENDRA ACHARYA U
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599489, Singapore
| | - WILLIAM TAN
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599489, Singapore
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88
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Photoacoustic mammography: initial clinical results. Breast Cancer 2012; 21:146-53. [PMID: 22484692 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-012-0363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Photoacoustic tomography can image the hemoglobin distribution and oxygenation state inside tissue with high spatial resolution. The purpose of this study is to investigate its clinical usefulness for diagnosis of breast cancer and evaluation of therapeutic response in relation to other diagnostic modalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a prototype machine for photoacoustic mammography (PAM), 27 breast tumor lesions, including 21 invasive breast cancer (IBC), five ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and one phyllodes tumor, were measured. Nine out of twenty-one IBC patients had received primary systemic therapy (PST). RESULTS Eight out of twelve IBC without PST were visible. Notably, detection was possible in all five cases with DCIS, whereas it was not in one case with phyllodes tumor. Seven out of nine IBC with PST were assigned as visible in spite of decreased size of tumor after PST. The mean value of hemoglobin saturation in the visible lesions was 78.6 %, and hemoglobin concentration was 207 μM. The tumor images of PAM were comparable to those of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that PAM can image tumor vascularity and oxygenation, which may be useful for diagnosis and characterization of breast cancer.
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89
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Chuang CC, Lee CY, Chen CM, Hsieh YS, Liu TC, Sun CW. Diffuser-aided diffuse optical imaging for breast tumor: a feasibility study based on time-resolved three-dimensional Monte Carlo modeling. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2012; 59:1454-61. [PMID: 22394571 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2012.2187900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study proposed diffuser-aided diffuse optical imaging (DADOI) as a new approach to improve the performance of the conventional diffuse optical tomography (DOT) approach for breast imaging. The 3-D breast model for Monte Carlo simulation is remodeled from clinical MRI image. The modified Beer-Lambert's law is adopted with the DADOI approach to substitute the complex algorithms of inverse problem for mapping of spatial distribution, and the depth information is obtained based on the time-of-flight estimation. The simulation results demonstrate that the time-resolved Monte Carlo method can be capable of performing source-detector separations analysis. The dynamics of photon migration with various source-detector separations are analyzed for the characterization of breast tissue and estimation of optode arrangement. The source-detector separations should be less than 4 cm for breast imaging in DOT system. Meanwhile, the feasibility of DADOI was manifested in this study. In the results, DADOI approach can provide better imaging contrast and faster imaging than conventional DOT measurement. The DADOI approach possesses great potential to detect the breast tumor in early stage and chemotherapy monitoring that implies a good feasibility for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Cheng Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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90
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Enfield LC, Cantanhede G, Westbroek D, Douek M, Purushotham AD, Hebden JC, Gibson AP. Monitoring the response to primary medical therapy for breast cancer using three- dimensional time-resolved optical mammography. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2012; 10:533-47. [PMID: 22066594 DOI: 10.1177/153303461101000604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary medical therapy is used to reduce tumour size prior to surgery in women with locally advanced breast cancer. Optical tomography is a functional imaging technique using near- infrared light to produce three-dimensional breast images of tissue oxygen saturation and haemoglobin concentration. Its advantages include the ability to display quantitative physiological information, and to allow repeated scans without the hazards associated with exposure to ionising radiation. There is a need for a non-invasive functional imaging tool to evaluate response to treatment, so that non-responders can be given the opportunity to change their treatment regimen. Here, we evaluate the use of optical tomography for this purpose. Four women with newly diagnosed breast cancer who were about to undergo primary medical therapy gave informed and voluntary consent to take part in the study. Changes in physiological and optical properties within the tumour were evaluated during the course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Optical imaging was performed prior to treatment, after the first cycle of chemotherapy, halfway through, and on completion of chemotherapy. Images of light absorption and scatter at two wavelengths were produced, from which images of total haemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation were derived. All patients that showed a good or complete response to treatment on MRI showed a corresponding recovery in the haemoglobin concentration images. Changes in mean tumour total haemoglobin concentration could be seen four weeks into treatment. The tumour oxygen saturation was low compared to background in three out of four patients, and also showed a return to baseline over treatment. Optical imaging of the breast is feasible during primary medical therapy and can be used to assess response to treatment over six months.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Enfield
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, Malet Place, London, UK.
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91
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Gen-2 hand-held optical imager towards cancer imaging: reflectance and transillumination phantom studies. SENSORS 2012; 12:1885-97. [PMID: 22438743 PMCID: PMC3304145 DOI: 10.3390/s120201885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hand-held near-infrared (NIR) optical imagers are developed by various researchers towards non-invasive clinical breast imaging. Unlike these existing imagers that can perform only reflectance imaging, a generation-2 (Gen-2) hand-held optical imager has been recently developed to perform both reflectance and transillumination imaging. The unique forked design of the hand-held probe head(s) allows for reflectance imaging (as in ultrasound) and transillumination or compressed imaging (as in X-ray mammography). Phantom studies were performed to demonstrate two-dimensional (2D) target detection via reflectance and transillumination imaging at various target depths (1–5 cm deep) and using simultaneous multiple point illumination approach. It was observed that 0.45 cc targets were detected up to 5 cm deep during transillumination, but limited to 2.5 cm deep during reflectance imaging. Additionally, implementing appropriate data post-processing techniques along with a polynomial fitting approach, to plot 2D surface contours of the detected signal, yields distinct target detectability and localization. The ability of the gen-2 imager to perform both reflectance and transillumination imaging allows its direct comparison to ultrasound and X-ray mammography results, respectively, in future clinical breast imaging studies.
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92
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Ueda Y, Yoshimoto K, Ohmae E, Suzuki T, Yamanaka T, Yamashita D, Ogura H, Teruya C, Nasu H, Ima E, Sakahara H, Oda M, Yamashita Y. Time-resolved optical mammography and its preliminary clinical results. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2012; 10:393-401. [PMID: 21895025 DOI: 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have been developing an optical mammography prototype consisting of a multi-channel time-resolved spectroscopy system for breast cancer screening. The system utilizes the time-correlated single photon counting method, and the detector modules and the signal processing circuits were custom-made to obtain a high signal to noise ratio and high temperature stability with a high temporal resolution. Pulsed light generated by a Ti: Sapphire laser was irradiated to the breast, and the transmitted light was collected by optical fibers placed on the surface of a hemispherical gantry filled with an optical matching fluid. To reconstruct a 3D image of the breast, we employed a method using a time-resolved photon path distribution based on the assumption that scattering and absorption are independent of each other. We verified the possibility of human breast imaging by using a three-dimensional phantom model, which provides a simulation of human breast cancer, in the gantry. The clinical study was also started in January 2007. In a comparative study with conventional modalities, the breast cancers were detected as regions of optically higher absorption. Moreover, the results suggest that optical mammography is useful in monitoring the effects of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ueda
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000, Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Pref., 434-8601, Japan.
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93
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Heijblom M, Klaase JM, van den Engh FM, van Leeuwen TG, Steenbergen W, Manohar S. Imaging Tumor Vascularization for Detection and Diagnosis of Breast Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2011; 10:607-23. [DOI: 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Heijblom
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
- Center for Breast Care, Medisch Spectrum Twente Hospital, P.O. Box 50000, 7500 KA Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - J. M. Klaase
- Center for Breast Care, Medisch Spectrum Twente Hospital, P.O. Box 50000, 7500 KA Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - F. M. van den Engh
- Center for Breast Care, Medisch Spectrum Twente Hospital, P.O. Box 50000, 7500 KA Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - T. G. van Leeuwen
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 2270, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W. Steenbergen
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - S. Manohar
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
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94
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Taroni P. Diffuse optical imaging and spectroscopy of the breast: a brief outline of history and perspectives. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 11:241-50. [PMID: 22094324 DOI: 10.1039/c1pp05230f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in industrialized countries. At present, X-ray mammography is the gold standard for breast imaging, but has limitations, especially when dense breasts are imaged, as typically occurs in young women. Optical imaging can non-invasively provide information on tissue composition, structure and physiology that can be beneficially exploited for breast lesion detection and identification. In the last few decades optical breast imaging has been investigated, using different geometries (projection imaging and tomography) and measurement techniques (continuous wave, frequency resolved and time resolved approaches). Also, data analysis and display varies significantly, ranging from intensity images to maps of the optical properties (absorption and scattering), tissue composition, and physiological parameters (typically blood volume and oxygenation). This paper outlines the historical evolution of optical imaging and spectroscopy of the breast, highlighting potentialities and limitations, and presents an overview of the main applications and perspectives of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Taroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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95
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Near-infrared optical mammography for breast cancer detection with intrinsic contrast. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 40:398-407. [PMID: 21971964 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Optical methods to detect breast cancer on the basis of its increased opacity have been explored for some time. These methods have matured to a point in which they are capable of quantifying the optical properties of breast tissue and translating them into measures of concentrations of relevant tissue components. In particular, near-infrared spectroscopy has been employed to determine the concentrations of hemoglobin, water, and lipids, as well as oxygen saturation of hemoglobin and optical scattering properties in normal and cancerous breast tissue. Dynamic optical measurements can also identify abnormal hemodynamic patterns associated with breast cancer. We review, in this article, a number of results in the field, which show that cancerous tissue is associated with higher hemoglobin and water concentrations, and a lower lipid concentration with respect to normal breast tissue. Indications that breast cancers are characterized by lower hemoglobin saturation and stronger scattering decay as a function of wavelength are less robust, with variable results reported in the literature. Intrinsic sources of optical contrast associated with breast cancer can also be used to monitor individual response to neoadjuvant therapy.
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96
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Dayton A, Soot L, Wolf R, Gougoutas-Fox C, Prahl S. Light-guided lumpectomy: first clinical experience. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2011; 4:752-758. [PMID: 21956998 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous advances, lumpectomy remains a challenging procedure. We report on the early use of light-guided lumpectomy. Eight patients with non-palpable breast cancer undergoing lumpectomy for biopsy-proven and radiographically identifiable cancer were enrolled in the study. An optical wire was designed that incorporated a standard hook-wire with an optical fiber. The optical wire was placed in the same manner as a standard hook-wire. During light-guided lumpectomy, an eye-safe laser illuminated the optical wire and created a sphere of light surrounding the cancer. The light was visible at the beginning of each surgery and facilitated approaching the cancer without using the wire. Dissection around the sphere of light kept the wire tip within the surgical specimen. Three of eight initial surgical specimens had focally positive margins. Additional cavity shaves were performed during five lumpectomies and resulted in negative margins in seven of eight patients. Light-guided lumpectomy is a minor change to breast conserving surgery that can be easily incorporated into clinical practice. Further investigation into the clinical benefit of light-guided lumpectomy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Dayton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Supplemental Use of Optical Diffusion Breast Imaging for Differentiation Between Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011; 197:732-9. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.10.5102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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98
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Xu Y, Xu C, Zhu Q. Clustered targets imaged by optical tomography guided by ultrasound. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:076018. [PMID: 21806279 PMCID: PMC3154053 DOI: 10.1117/1.3600773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Clustered small breast lesions may be present in the neighboring areas and are difficult to accurately resolve and quantify in diffuse optical tomography. In addition, larger cancers are often accompanied by clustered satellite lesions in the neighboring areas, which are also difficult to resolve and quantify. To improve the light quantification of clustered lesions, a new multi-zone reconstruction algorithm guided by co-registered ultrasound (US) was investigated using simulations, phantoms, and clinical examples. This method separated one larger region-of-interest (ROI) into several ROIs based on the location information provided by co-registered US. In general, the single-ROI method cannot resolve two smaller targets when their separations were less than 2.5 cm and the depth was greater than 2.0 cm. The multi-zone reconstruction method improved the resolving ability and reconstruction accuracy. As a result, two targets located at 2.5 cm depth with separation greater than 2.0 cm could be distinguished, and reconstruction improved by more than 20% as compared with that of the single-ROI method. When two targets, one larger and one smaller, were located closer to each other, the location of the reconstructed absorption mass was shifted toward the larger target and the quantification of the smaller target was limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- University of Connecticut, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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Flexman ML, Khalil MA, Al Abdi R, Kim HK, Fong CJ, Desperito E, Hershman DL, Barbour RL, Hielscher AH. Digital optical tomography system for dynamic breast imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:076014. [PMID: 21806275 PMCID: PMC3273311 DOI: 10.1117/1.3599955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse optical tomography has shown promising results as a tool for breast cancer screening and monitoring response to chemotherapy. Dynamic imaging of the transient response of the breast to an external stimulus, such as pressure or a respiratory maneuver, can provide additional information that can be used to detect tumors. We present a new digital continuous-wave optical tomography system designed to simultaneously image both breasts at fast frame rates and with a large number of sources and detectors. The system uses a master-slave digital signal processor-based detection architecture to achieve a dynamic range of 160 dB and a frame rate of 1.7 Hz with 32 sources, 64 detectors, and 4 wavelengths per breast. Included is a preliminary study of one healthy patient and two breast cancer patients showing the ability to identify an invasive carcinoma based on the hemodynamic response to a breath hold.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Breast/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/blood supply
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/physiopathology
- Diagnostic Imaging/instrumentation
- Diagnostic Imaging/methods
- Diagnostic Imaging/statistics & numerical data
- Equipment Design
- Female
- Hemodynamics
- Humans
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional
- Middle Aged
- Optical Fibers
- Respiratory Mechanics
- Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
- Tomography, Optical/instrumentation
- Tomography, Optical/methods
- Tomography, Optical/statistics & numerical data
- User-Computer Interface
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly L Flexman
- Columbia University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, New York 10027, USA.
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Molecular imaging using light-absorbing imaging agents and a clinical optical breast imaging system--a phantom study. Mol Imaging Biol 2011; 13:232-8. [PMID: 20532642 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-010-0356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to determine the feasibility of using a clinical optical breast scanner with molecular imaging strategies based on modulating light transmission. PROCEDURES Different concentrations of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT; 0.8-20.0 nM) and black hole quencher-3 (BHQ-3; 2.0-32.0 µM) were studied in specifically designed phantoms (200-1,570 mm(3)) with a clinical optical breast scanner using four wavelengths. Each phantom was placed in the scanner tank filled with optical matching medium. Background scans were compared to absorption scans, and reproducibility was assessed. RESULTS All SWNT phantoms were detected at four wavelengths, with best results at 684 nm. Higher concentrations (≥8.0 µM) were needed for BHQ-3 detection, with the largest contrast at 684 nm. The optical absorption signal was dependent on phantom size and concentration. Reproducibility was excellent (intraclass correlation 0.93-0.98). CONCLUSION Nanomolar concentrations of SWNT and micromolar concentrations of BHQ-3 in phantoms were reproducibly detected, showing the potential of light absorbers, with appropriate targeting ligands, as molecular imaging agents for clinical optical breast imaging.
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