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Prognostic significance of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in breast cancer. Int J Breast Cancer 2012; 2012:290854. [PMID: 22988515 PMCID: PMC3440855 DOI: 10.1155/2012/290854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Despite advances in breast cancer systemic treatment, new prognostic and predictive factors are still needed. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), a physiologic inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), can act in both pro- and antitumoral effects. As role of TIMP-1 in breast cancer is controversial, we aimed to determine the prognostic significance of TIMP-1 in breast cancer. Methods. A single center-based case-control study was applied. Primary breast cancers from women with early stage disease treated with standard adjuvant therapy were analyzed by gene expression microarrays and immunohistochemistry for TIMP-1. Results. At the optimized cut-point, patients with high TIMP-1 RNA levels had a significantly shorter time to relapse, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.64 (P = 0.04), but without significant differences in overall survival (HR 1.29, P = 0.37). Although cytoplasmic overexpression of TIMP-1 protein was not correlated with early relapse (HR 1.0, P = 0.92), there was a tendency for short overall survival in patients with high expression (HR 1.41, P = 0.21). Conclusions. Our data indicate that elevated TIMP-1 RNA levels are independently prognostic for early recurrence, and there is a tendency for association of high cytoplasmic TIMP-1 protein levels with short survival in primary breast cancer.
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Skinner DE, Rinaldi G, Suttiprapa S, Mann VH, Smircich P, Cogswell AA, Williams DL, Brindley PJ. Vasa-Like DEAD-Box RNA Helicases of Schistosoma mansoni. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1686. [PMID: 22720105 PMCID: PMC3373655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome sequences are available for the human blood flukes, Schistosoma japonicum, S. mansoni and S. haematobium. Functional genomic approaches could aid in identifying the role and importance of these newly described schistosome genes. Transgenesis is established for functional genomics in model species, which can lead to gain- or loss-of-functions, facilitate vector-based RNA interference, and represents an effective forward genetics tool for insertional mutagenesis screens. Progress toward routine transgenesis in schistosomes might be expedited if germ cells could be reliably localized in cultured schistosomes. Vasa, a member of the ATP-dependent DEAD-box RNA helicase family, is a prototypic marker of primordial germ cells and the germ line in the Metazoa. Using bioinformatics, 33 putative DEAD-box RNA helicases exhibiting conserved motifs that characterize helicases of this family were identified in the S. mansoni genome. Moreover, three of the helicases exhibited vasa-like sequences; phylogenetic analysis confirmed the three vasa-like genes-termed Smvlg1, Smvlg2, and Smvlg3-were members of the Vasa/PL10 DEAD-box subfamily. Transcripts encoding Smvlg1, Smvlg2, and Smvlg3 were cloned from cDNAs from mixed sex adult worms, and quantitative real time PCR revealed their presence in developmental stages of S. mansoni with elevated expression in sporocysts, adult females, eggs, and miracidia, with strikingly high expression in the undeveloped egg. Whole mount in situ hybridization (WISH) analysis revealed that Smvlg1, Smvlg2 and Smvlg3 were transcribed in the posterior ovary where the oocytes mature. Germ cell specific expression of schistosome vasa-like genes should provide an informative landmark for germ line transgenesis of schistosomes, etiologic agents of major neglected tropical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E. Skinner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, and Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Gabriel Rinaldi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, and Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D. C., United States of America
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Victoria H. Mann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, and Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Pablo Smircich
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alexis A. Cogswell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David L. Williams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, and Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D. C., United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Liu RZ, Graham K, Glubrecht DD, Lai R, Mackey JR, Godbout R. A fatty acid-binding protein 7/RXRβ pathway enhances survival and proliferation in triple-negative breast cancer. J Pathol 2012; 228:310-21. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Edgcomb SP, Carmel AB, Naji S, Ambrus-Aikelin G, Reyes JR, Saphire ACS, Gerace L, Williamson JR. DDX1 is an RNA-dependent ATPase involved in HIV-1 Rev function and virus replication. J Mol Biol 2011; 415:61-74. [PMID: 22051512 PMCID: PMC3249508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Rev protein is essential for the virus because it promotes nuclear export of alternatively processed mRNAs, and Rev is also linked to translation of viral mRNAs and genome encapsidation. Previously, the human DEAD-box helicase DDX1 was suggested to be involved in Rev functions, but this relationship is not well understood. Biochemical studies of DDX1 and its interactions with Rev and model RNA oligonucleotides were carried out to investigate the molecular basis for association of these components. A combination of gel-filtration chromatography and circular dichroism spectroscopy demonstrated that recombinant DDX1 expressed in Escherichia coli is a well-behaved folded protein. Binding assays using fluorescently labeled Rev and cell-based immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed a specific RNA-independent DDX1–Rev interaction. Additionally, DDX1 was shown to be an RNA-activated ATPase, wherein Rev-bound RNA was equally effective at stimulating ATPase activity as protein-free RNA. Gel mobility shift assays further demonstrated that DDX1 forms complexes with Rev-bound RNA. RNA silencing of DDX1 provided strong evidence that DDX1 is required for both Rev activity and HIV production from infected cells. Collectively, these studies demonstrate a clear link between DDX1 and HIV-1 Rev in cell-based assays of HIV-1 production and provide the first demonstration that recombinant DDX1 binds Rev and RNA and has RNA-dependent catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Edgcomb
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Taunk NK, Goyal S, Wu H, Moran MS, Chen S, Haffty BG. DEAD box 1 (DDX1) expression predicts for local control and overall survival in early stage, node-negative breast cancer. Cancer 2011; 118:888-98. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Liu RZ, Graham K, Glubrecht DD, Germain DR, Mackey JR, Godbout R. Association of FABP5 expression with poor survival in triple-negative breast cancer: implication for retinoic acid therapy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:997-1008. [PMID: 21356353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 10/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies using animal models suggest that expression of FABP5 drives the stimulation of cell growth observed in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer cells on exposure to retinoic acid (RA). The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological significance of FABP5 in breast cancer and to evaluate FABP5 as a prognostic marker and a possible novel therapeutic target in breast cancer. Gene expression microarray analysis revealed a significant correlation between elevated FABP5 RNA levels and ER/progesterone receptor (PR)-negative status, high tumor grade, and poor prognosis. Tissue microarray analysis demonstrated similar correlations with cytoplasmic FABP5 protein. Based on multivariate proportional regression analysis, cytoplasmic FABP5 is a significant and independent prognostic marker of overall survival and recurrence-free survival in breast cancer. The effects of FABP5 on tumor growth appear to be mediated primarily through cytoplasmic FABP, because no correlation was found between nuclear FABP5 and ER/PR-negative status, recurrence, and survival. FABP5 knockdown in breast cancer cell lines demonstrates a correlation between FABP5 levels and growth response to RA. We propose a model whereby growth-promoting FABP5 competes with growth-inhibiting CRABP2 for RA, with retention of RA in the cytoplasm by FABP5 preventing the inhibition of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Zong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, School of Cancer, Engineering and Imaging Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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