51
|
Zhang X, Pan C, Zhou L, Cai Z, Zhao S, Yu D. Knockdown of ST6Gal-I increases cisplatin sensitivity in cervical cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:949. [PMID: 27986075 PMCID: PMC5162090 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sialyltransferase I (ST6Gal-I) is an enzyme involved in tumor metastasis that processes sialic acid precursors into their mature form, enabling them to regulate gene expression. However, the effect of ST6Gal-I on the biological behavior of cancer cells remain unclear. This study was the first to demonstrate the influence of ST6Gal-I on cisplatin sensitivity in cervical cancer cells. Methods Knockdown of ST6Gal-I was performed by shRNA and HeLa cells combination with cisplatin were tested. Results We showed that down-regulation of ST6Gal-I promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited proliferation and invasion in cervical cancer cells. Knockdown of ST6Gal-I by RNA interference increased the sensitivity of HeLa cells to cisplatin in vitro, and reduced tumor volume and suppressed subcutaneous tumor growth in response to cisplatin treatment in a xenograft mouse model in vivo. Conclusions The results provide new information that ST6Gal-I plays an important role in several biological or pathological processes including drug resistance in cervical cancer and may be a potential therapeutic target to improve the response to chemotherapy in cervical cancer patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2981-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 23022, China
| | - Chunchen Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 23000, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Zhaogen Cai
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Shufang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Donghong Yu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Jung YR, Park JJ, Jin YB, Cao YJ, Park MJ, Kim EJ, Lee M. Silencing of ST6Gal I enhances colorectal cancer metastasis by down-regulating KAI1 via exosome-mediated exportation and thereby rescues integrin signaling. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37:1089-1097. [PMID: 27559112 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant sialylation has long been correlated with human cancer. Increased ST6 Gal I (β-galactoside α 2, 6 sialyltransferase) and consequently higher levels of cell-surface α 2, 6 sialylation has been associated with human colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis. We have extensive circumstantial data that sialylation is connected to cancer metastasis, but we do not understand in detail how sialylation can switch on/off multiple steps in cancer metastasis. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the ST6Gal I-mediated metastasis of CRC, we silenced the ST6Gal I gene in a metastatic SW620 CRC cell line (SW620-shST6Gal I) and examined the metastatic behavior of the cells. We found that various hallmarks of metastatic ability were considerably enhanced in ST6Gal 1-depleted SW620 clones, as assessed both in vitro and in vivo . In particular, the metastasis suppressor, KAI1, was down-regulated in ST6Gal I-deficient SW620 clones. This reflected the increased exosome-mediated exportation of KAI1, and was associated with a decrease in the KAI1-mediated inhibition of integrin. These findings indicate that gene silencing of ST6Gal I could enhance metastasis of CRC by down-regulating KAI1 activity and rescuing its negative effects on integrin signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jung-Jin Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Research Center , College of Medicine , Chungbuk National University , Cheongju 28644 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yeung Bae Jin
- National Primate Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Cheongju 28116 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yuan Jie Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology , Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital , National Clinical Research Center for Cancer and Tianjin Key laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy , Huan-Hu-Xi Road , Ti-Yuan-Bei , He Xi District , Tianjin 300060 , P.R. China and
| | - Myung-Jin Park
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research , Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul 01812 , Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
53
|
Jia F, Howlader MA, Cairo CW. Integrin-mediated cell migration is blocked by inhibitors of human neuraminidase. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1170-1179. [PMID: 27344026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are critical receptors in cell migration and adhesion. A number of mechanisms are known to regulate the function of integrins, including phosphorylation, conformational change, and cytoskeletal anchoring. We investigated whether native neuraminidase (Neu, or sialidase) enzymes which modify glycolipids could play a role in regulating integrin-mediated cell migration. Using a scratch assay, we found that exogenously added Neu3 and Neu4 activity altered rates of cell migration. We observed that Neu4 increased the rate of migration in two cell lines (HeLa, A549); while Neu3 only increased migration in HeLa cells. A bacterial neuraminidase was able to increase the rate of migration in HeLa, but not in A549 cells. Treatment of cells with complex gangliosides (GM1, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b) resulted in decreased cell migration rates, while LacCer was able to increase rates of migration in both lines. Importantly, our results show that treatment of cells with inhibitors of native Neu enzymes had a dramatic effect on the rates of cell migration. The most potent compound tested targeted the human Neu4 isoenzyme, and was able to substantially reduce the rate of cell migration. We found that the lateral mobility of integrins was reduced by treatment of cells with Neu3, suggesting that Neu3 enzyme activity resulted in changes to integrin-co-receptor or integrin-cytoskeleton interactions. Finally, our results support the hypothesis that inhibitors of human Neu can be used to investigate mechanisms of cell migration and for the development of anti-adhesive therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jia
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Md Amran Howlader
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Christopher W Cairo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Abstract
Platelet numbers are intricately regulated to avoid spontaneous bleeding or arterial occlusion and organ damage. The growth factor thrombopoietin (TPO) drives platelet biogenesis by inducing megakaryocyte production. A recent study in mice identified a feedback mechanism by which clearance of aged, desialylated platelets stimulates TPO synthesis by hepatocytes. This new finding generated renewed interest in platelet clearance mechanisms. Here, different established and emerging mechanisms of platelet senescence and clearance will be reviewed with specific emphasis on the role of posttranslational modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renhao Li
- a Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Karin M Hoffmeister
- b Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Hervé Falet
- b Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
The Uncontrolled Sialylation is Related to Chemoresistant Metastatic Breast Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2016; 22:869-73. [PMID: 27037559 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-016-0057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Among the scientific communities, there is a convergence of results supporting a direct relationship between dysregulated sialylation and poor prognosis in many human cancers. For this reason, we have retrospectively investigated 169 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, coming from female patients aged between 31 and 76 years old. The whole series was subdivided into two prognostic groups: the first group consisted of 138 patients, who showed a post-treatment survival time more than 5 years, while the second group was made up by 31 patients, died within 5 years despite of chemotherapy. All the surgical specimens were fixed in 10 % neutral buffered formalin, paraffin embedded and, then, submitted to routinely haematoxylin/eosin staining and to a further histochemical (Alcian Blue, DDD-Fast Blue B, Mercury Orange), immunohistochemical (ST3GAL5 sialyltransferase, Ki67, c-erbB2, ER, PR) and chemico-elemental characterization. In the 31 cases of breast cancer belonging to the second group, an overexpression of sialomucins and sialyltransferases has been detected. Our results lead us to support that in aggressive chemoresistant breast cancers, the altered expression of sialic acid, due to an uncontrolled sialylation, creates an excessive negative charge on cell membranes, which stimulates repulsion between neoplastic cells and their subsequent access into the blood stream. This event implies an early metastatization and a rapid disease progression with fatal outcome. The early application of Alcian Blue stain on diagnostic biopsies of breast cancer is able to cheaply reveal the sialomucin accumulations, providing for the disease course.
Collapse
|
56
|
TAKAHASHI T, KUREBAYASHI Y, OTSUBO T, IKEDA K, MINAMI A, SUZUKI T. Fluorescence Imaging of Virus-infected Cells with a Sialidase Imaging Probe. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2016. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.65.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadanobu TAKAHASHI
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yuuki KUREBAYASHI
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Tadamune OTSUBO
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University
| | - Kiyoshi IKEDA
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University
| | - Akira MINAMI
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Takashi SUZUKI
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Ryuzono S, Takase R, Oishi K, Ikeda A, Chigwechokha PK, Funahashi A, Komatsu M, Miyagi T, Shiozaki K. Lysosomal localization of Japanese medaka ( Oryzias latipes ) Neu1 sialidase and its highly conserved enzymatic profiles with human. Gene 2016; 575:513-523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
58
|
Machado E, White-Gilbertson S, van de Vlekkert D, Janke L, Moshiach S, Campos Y, Finkelstein D, Gomero E, Mosca R, Qiu X, Morton CL, Annunziata I, d’Azzo A. Regulated lysosomal exocytosis mediates cancer progression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1500603. [PMID: 26824057 PMCID: PMC4730843 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how tumor cells transition to an invasive and drug-resistant phenotype is central to cancer biology, but the mechanisms underlying this transition remain unclear. We show that sarcomas gain these malignant traits by inducing lysosomal exocytosis, a ubiquitous physiological process. During lysosomal exocytosis, the movement of exocytic lysosomes along the cytoskeleton and their docking at the plasma membrane involve LAMP1, a sialylated membrane glycoprotein and target of the sialidase NEU1. Cleavage of LAMP1 sialic acids by NEU1 limits the extent of lysosomal exocytosis. We found that by down-regulation of NEU1 and accumulation of oversialylated LAMP1, tumor cells exacerbate lysosomal exocytosis of soluble hydrolases and exosomes. This facilitates matrix invasion and propagation of invasive signals, and purging of lysosomotropic chemotherapeutics. In Arf (-⁄-) mice, Neu1 haploinsufficiency fostered the development of invasive, pleomorphic sarcomas, expressing epithelial and mesenchymal markers, and lysosomal exocytosis effectors, LAMP1 and Myosin-11. These features are analogous to those of metastatic, pleomorphic human sarcomas, where low NEU1 levels correlate with high expression of lysosomal exocytosis markers. In a therapeutic proof of principle, we demonstrate that inhibiting lysosomal exocytosis reversed invasiveness and chemoresistance in aggressive sarcoma cells. Thus, we reveal that this unconventional, lysosome-regulated pathway plays a primary role in tumor progression and chemoresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eda Machado
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shai White-Gilbertson
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Diantha van de Vlekkert
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Laura Janke
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Simon Moshiach
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yvan Campos
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Elida Gomero
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Rosario Mosca
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Christopher L. Morton
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ida Annunziata
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Alessandra d’Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Shiga K, Takahashi K, Sato I, Kato K, Saijo S, Moriya S, Hosono M, Miyagi T. Upregulation of sialidase NEU3 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma associated with lymph node metastasis. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:1544-53. [PMID: 26470851 PMCID: PMC4714679 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Regional lymph node metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a crucial event for its progression, associated with a high rate of mortality. Sialidase, a key enzyme for the regulation of cellular sialic acids through catalyzing the initial step of degradation of glycoproteins and glycolipids, has been implicated in cancer progression. To facilitate the development of novel treatments for HNSCC, we have investigated whether sialidase is involved in the progression of this cancer. We found plasma membrane‐associated sialidase (NEU3) to be significantly upregulated in tumor compared to non‐tumor tissues; particularly, an increase in its mRNA levels was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis. To understand the mechanisms, we analyzed the NEU3‐mediated effects on the malignant phenotype using squamous carcinoma HSC‐2 and SAS cells. NEU3 promoted cell motility and invasion, accompanied by the increased expression of MMP‐9, whereas NEU3 silencing or the activity‐null mutant did not. NEU3 enhanced phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and an EGFR inhibitor, AG1478, abrogated the NEU3‐induced MMP9 augmentation. These findings identify NEU3 as a participant in HNSCC progression through the regulation of EGFR signaling and thus as a potential target for inhibiting EGFR‐mediated tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoto Shiga
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Japan
| | - Kohta Takahashi
- Division of Cancer Glycosylation Research, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ikuro Sato
- Department of Pathology, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Japan
| | - Kengo Kato
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Japan
| | - Shigeru Saijo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Japan
| | - Setsuko Moriya
- Division of Cancer Glycosylation Research, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hosono
- Division of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taeko Miyagi
- Division of Cancer Glycosylation Research, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Bao L, Ding L, Yang M, Ju H. Noninvasive imaging of sialyltransferase activity in living cells by chemoselective recognition. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10947. [PMID: 26046317 PMCID: PMC4456940 DOI: 10.1038/srep10947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the biological and pathological functions of sialyltransferases (STs), intracellular ST activity evaluation is necessary. Focusing on the lack of noninvasive methods for obtaining the dynamic activity information, this work designs a sensing platform for in situ FRET imaging of intracellular ST activity and tracing of sialylation process. The system uses tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate labeled asialofetuin (TRITC-AF) as a ST substrate and fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled 3-aminophenylboronic acid (FITC-APBA) as the chemoselective recognition probe of sialylation product, both of which are encapsulated in a liposome vesicle for cellular delivery. The recognition of FITC-APBA to sialylated TRITC-AF leads to the FRET signal that is analyzed by FRET efficiency images. This strategy has been used to evaluate the correlation of ST activity with malignancy and cell surface sialylation, and the sialylation inhibition activity of inhibitors. This work provides a powerful noninvasive tool for glycan biosynthesis mechanism research, cancer diagnostics and drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P.R. China
| | - Lin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P.R. China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical &Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Mozzi A, Forcella M, Riva A, Difrancesco C, Molinari F, Martin V, Papini N, Bernasconi B, Nonnis S, Tedeschi G, Mazzucchelli L, Monti E, Fusi P, Frattini M. NEU3 activity enhances EGFR activation without affecting EGFR expression and acts on its sialylation levels. Glycobiology 2015; 25:855-68. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
|
62
|
Takahashi K, Hosono M, Sato I, Hata K, Wada T, Yamaguchi K, Nitta K, Shima H, Miyagi T. Sialidase NEU3 contributes neoplastic potential on colon cancer cells as a key modulator of gangliosides by regulating Wnt signaling. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:1560-73. [PMID: 25810027 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane-associated sialidase NEU3 is a key enzyme for ganglioside degradation. We previously demonstrated remarkable up-regulation of NEU3 in various human cancers, with augmented malignant properties. Here, we provide evidence of a close link between NEU3 expression and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in colon cancer cells by analyzing tumorigenic potential and cancer stem-like characteristics. NEU3 silencing in HT-29 and HCT116 colon cancer cells resulted in significant decrease in clonogenicity on soft agar and in vivo tumor growth, along with down-regulation of stemness and Wnt-related genes. Analyses further revealed that NEU3 enhanced phosphorylation of the Wnt receptor LRP6 and consequently β-catenin activation by accelerating complex formation with LRP6 and recruitment of GSK3β and Axin, whereas its silencing exerted the opposite effects. NEU3 activity-null mutants failed to demonstrate the activation, indicating the requirement of ganglioside modulation by the sialidase for the effects. Under sphere-forming conditions, when stemness genes are up-regulated, endogenous NEU3 expression was found to be significantly increased, whereas NEU3 silencing suppressed sphere-formation and in vivo tumor incidence in NOD-SCID mice. Increased ability of clonogenicity on soft agar and sphere formation by Wnt stimulation was abrogated by NEU3 silencing. Furthermore, NEU3 was found to regulate phosphorylation of ERK and Akt via EGF receptor and Ras cascades, thought to be additionally required for tumor progression. The results indicate an essential contribution of NEU3 to tumorigenic potential through maintenance of stem-like characteristics of colon cancer cells by regulating Wnt signaling at the receptor level, in addition to tumor progression via Ras/MAPK signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohta Takahashi
- Division of Cancer Glycosylation Research, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai.,Division of Cancer Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hosono
- Division of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai
| | - Ikuro Sato
- Division of Pathology, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori
| | - Keiko Hata
- Division of Cancer Glycosylation Research, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai
| | - Tadashi Wada
- Division of Cancer Glycosylation Research, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai
| | - Kazunori Yamaguchi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori
| | - Kazuo Nitta
- Division of Cancer Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shima
- Division of Cancer Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taeko Miyagi
- Division of Cancer Glycosylation Research, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Boligan KF, Mesa C, Fernandez LE, von Gunten S. Cancer intelligence acquired (CIA): tumor glycosylation and sialylation codes dismantling antitumor defense. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1231-48. [PMID: 25487607 PMCID: PMC11113383 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is a key feature of malignant transformation and reflects epigenetic and genetic anomalies among the multitude of molecules involved in glycan biosynthesis. Although glycan biosynthesis is not template bound, altered tumor glycosylation is not random, but associated with common glycosylation patterns. Evidence suggests that acquisition of distinct glycosylation patterns evolves from a 'microevolutionary' process conferring advantages in terms of tumor growth, tumor dissemination, and immune escape. Such glycosylation modifications also involve xeno- and hypersialylation. Xeno-autoantigens such as Neu5Gc-gangliosides provide potential targets for immunotherapy. Hypersialylation may display 'enhanced self' to escape immunosurveillance and involves several not mutually exclusive inhibitory pathways that all rely on protein-glycan interactions. A better understanding of tumor 'glycan codes' as deciphered by lectins, such as siglecs, selectins, C-type lectins and galectins, may lead to novel treatment strategies, not only in cancer, but also in autoimmune disease or transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayluz Frias Boligan
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 49, 3010, Bern, Switzerland,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
64
|
Yamamoto K, Takahashi K, Shiozaki K, Yamaguchi K, Moriya S, Hosono M, Shima H, Miyagi T. Potentiation of epidermal growth factor-mediated oncogenic transformation by sialidase NEU3 leading to Src activation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120578. [PMID: 25803810 PMCID: PMC4372364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that sialidase NEU3, a key glycosidase for ganglioside degradation, is up-regulated in various human cancers, leading to increased cell invasion, motility and survival of cancer cells possibly through activation of EGF signaling. Its up-regulation is also important for promotion of the stage of colorectal carcinogenesis in vivo in human NEU3 transgenic mice treated with azoxymethane for the induction of aberrant crypt foci in the colon mucosa, accompanied by enhanced phosphorylation of EGF receptor (EGFR). To address whether the activation of EGF signaling by the sialidase is associated with oncogenic transformation, we here analyzed the effects of overexpression of NEU3 and EGFR in NIH-3T3 cells. When NEU3 was stably transfected with or without EGFR, it was associated with significant increases in clonogenic growth, clonogenicity on soft agar and in vivo tumor growth in nude mice either with or without the receptor overexpression in the presence of EGF, compared with the levels in their vector controls. Despite the fact that the endogenous level of EGFR is known to be extremely low in these cells, NEU3 significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK, as well as that of the receptor. The NEU3-mediated activation was largely abrogated by the EGFR inhibitor AG1478 or PD153035, but significant clonogenic growth still remained. NEU3 was then found to activate Src kinase, and the clonogenicity was completely suppressed by an Src inhibitor, PP2. The activity-null mutants failed to activate Src and EGFR, indicating that ganglioside modulation by NEU3 may be necessary for the activation. NEU3 and Src were co-immunoprecipitated with EGFR in NEU3- and EGFR- transfected cells. These findings identify NEU3 as an essential participant in tumorigenesis through the EGFR/Src signaling pathway and a potential target for inhibiting EGFR-mediated tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yamamoto
- Departments of Cancar Glycosylation Research, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Cancer Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohta Takahashi
- Departments of Cancar Glycosylation Research, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shiozaki
- Faculty of Fisheries and The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yamaguchi
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan
| | - Setsuko Moriya
- Departments of Cancar Glycosylation Research, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hosono
- Departments of Cell Recognition Study, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shima
- Division of Cancer Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taeko Miyagi
- Departments of Cancar Glycosylation Research, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Hata K, Tochigi T, Sato I, Kawamura S, Shiozaki K, Wada T, Takahashi K, Moriya S, Yamaguchi K, Hosono M, Miyagi T. Increased sialidase activity in serum of cancer patients: Identification of sialidase and inhibitor activities in human serum. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:383-9. [PMID: 25652216 PMCID: PMC4409881 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant sialylation in glycoproteins and glycolipids is a characteristic feature of malignancy. Human sialidases, which catalyze the removal of sialic acid residues from glycoconjugates, have been implicated in cancer progression. They have been detected in a wide variety of human cells and tissues, but few studies have focused on their existence in human serum. Among the four types identified to date, we previously demonstrated that plasma membrane-associated ganglioside sialidase (NEU3) is markedly upregulated in various human cancers, including examples in the colon and prostate. Here, using a sensitive assay method, we found a significant increase of sialidase activity in the serum of patients with prostate cancer compared with that in healthy subjects having low activity, if any. Activity was apparent with gangliosides as substrates, but only to a very limited extent with 4-methylumbelliferyl sialic acid, a good synthetic substrate for sialidases other than human NEU3. The serum sialidase was also almost entirely immunoprecipitated with anti-NEU3 antibody, but not with antibodies for other sialidases. Interestingly, sera additionally contained inhibitory activity against the sialidase and also against recombinant human NEU3. The sialidase and inhibitor activities could be separated by exosome isolation and by hydrophobic column chromatography. The serum sialidase was assessed by a sandwich ELISA method using two anti-NEU3 antibodies. The results provide strong evidence that the serum sialidase is, in fact, NEU3, and this subtype may, therefore, be a potential utility for novel diagnosis of human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Hata
- Division of Cancer Glycosylation Research, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
66
|
Plasma Membrane-Associated Sialidase Confers Cancer Initiation, Promotion and Progression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 842:139-45. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11280-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
67
|
New vis-tas in lactosylceramide research. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 842:127-38. [PMID: 25408340 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11280-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
68
|
Aiming at the sweet side of cancer: Aberrant glycosylation as possible target for personalized-medicine. Cancer Lett 2014; 352:102-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
69
|
Rožman M, Fabris D, Mrla T, Vukelić Ž. Database and data analysis application for structural characterization of gangliosides and sulfated glycosphingolipids by negative ion mass spectrometry. Carbohydr Res 2014; 400:1-8. [PMID: 25299937 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides and sulfated glycosphingolipids, as building and functional components of animal cell membranes, participate in cell-to-cell interactions and signaling, but also in changes of cell architecture due to different pathophysiological events. In order to enable higher throughput and to facilitate structural characterization of gangliosides/sulfo-glycosphingolipids (GSL) and their neutral GSL counterparts by negative ion mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem MS techniques, a database and data analysis application have been developed. In silico developed glycosphingolipid database considers a high diversity of ceramide compositions, several sialic acid types (N-acetylneuraminic acid, N-glycolylneuraminic acid and 2-keto-3-deoxynononic acid) as well as possible additional substitutions/modifications of glycosphingolipids, such as O-acetylation, de-N-acetylation, fucosylation, glucuronosylation, sulfation, attachment of repeating terminal hexose-N-acetylhexosamine- (Hex-HexNAc-)1-6 extension, and possible lactone forms. Data analysis application, named GSL-finder, enables correlation of negative ion MS and/or low-energy tandem MS spectra with the database structures. The GSL-database construction and the GSL-finder application searching rules are explained. Validation conducted on GD1a fraction as well as on complex mixtures of native gangliosides isolated from different mammalian brain tissues (human fetal and adult brain, and calf brain tissue) demonstrated agreement with previous studies. Plain, fast, and automated routine for structural characterization of gangliosides/sulfated glycosphingolipids and their neutral GSL counterparts described here could facilitate and improve mass spectrometric analysis of complex glycosphingolipid mixtures originating from variety of normal and pathological biomaterial, where it is known that distinctive changes in glycosphingolipid composition occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Rožman
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Dragana Fabris
- Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tomislav Mrla
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Željka Vukelić
- Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Cheng LL, Shidmoossavee FS, Bennet AJ. Neuraminidase Substrate Promiscuity Permits a Mutant Micromonospora viridifaciens Enzyme To Synthesize Artificial Carbohydrates. Biochemistry 2014; 53:3982-89. [DOI: 10.1021/bi500203p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia L. Cheng
- Departments
of Chemistry
and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Fahimeh S. Shidmoossavee
- Departments
of Chemistry
and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Bennet
- Departments
of Chemistry
and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Mandal C, Sarkar S, Chatterjee U, Schwartz-Albiez R, Mandal C. Disialoganglioside GD3-synthase over expression inhibits survival and angiogenesis of pancreatic cancer cells through cell cycle arrest at S-phase and disruption of integrin-β1-mediated anchorage. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 53:162-73. [PMID: 24842107 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides play important roles in the development, differentiation and proliferation of mammalian cells. They bind to other cell membrane components through their terminal sialic acids. Different gangliosides influence cellular functions based on the positions and linkages of sialic acids. Expression of gangliosides mainly depends on the status of sialic acid-modulatory enzymes, such as different types of sialyltransferases and sialidases. One such sialyltransferase, disialoganglioside GD3 synthase, is specifically responsible for the production of GD3. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, making up more than 90% of pancreatic cancers, is a fatal malignancy with poor prognosis. Despite higher sialylation status, the disialoganglioside GD3 level is very low in this cancer. However, the exact status and function of this disialoganglioside is still unknown. Here, we intended to study the intracellular mechanism of disialoganglioside GD3-induced apoptosis and its correlation with the adhesion and angiogenic pathways in pancreatic cancer. We demonstrated that disialoganglioside GD3 synthase-transfected cells showed enhanced apoptosis and it caused the arrest of these cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle. Integrins, a family of transmembrane proteins play important role in cell-cell recognition, invasion, adhesion and migration. disialoganglioside GD3 co-localised with integrin-β1 and thereby inhibited it's downstream signalling in transfected cells. Transfected cells exhibited inhibition of cell adhesion with extracellular matrix proteins. Enhanced GD3 expression down regulated angiogenesis-regulatory proteins and inhibited epidermal growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor-driven angiogenic cell growth in these cells. Taken together, our study provides support for the GD3-induced cell cycle arrest, disruption of integrin-β1-mediated anchorage, inhibition of angiogenesis and thereby induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Mandal
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sayantani Sarkar
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Uttara Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research and Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Reinhard Schwartz-Albiez
- German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, D0104 Tumor Immunology Programme, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chitra Mandal
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India.
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Abstract
Over four decades ago, specific tumor characteristics were ascribed to the increased expression of sialic acid sugars on the surface of cancer cells, and this led to the definition of sialic acids as potential therapeutic targets. Recent advances in glycobiology and cancer research have defined the key processes underlying aberrant expression of sialic acids in cancer, and its consequences, more precisely. These consequences include effects on tumor growth, escape from apoptosis, metastasis formation, and resistance to therapy. Collectively, these novel insights provide further rationale for the design and development of therapeutic approaches that interfere with excessively high expression of sialic acids in cancer cells. Strategies to target aberrant sialylation in cancer, however, have evolved comparatively slowly. Here, we review recent findings that emphasize the detrimental effects of hypersialylation on multiple aspects of tumor growth and behavior. We also discuss novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Büll
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke A Stoel
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn H den Brok
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gosse J Adema
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Thaysen-Andersen M, Packer NH. Advances in LC-MS/MS-based glycoproteomics: getting closer to system-wide site-specific mapping of the N- and O-glycoproteome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1844:1437-52. [PMID: 24830338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Site-specific structural characterization of glycoproteins is important for understanding the exact functional relevance of protein glycosylation. Resulting partly from the multiple layers of structural complexity of the attached glycans, the system-wide site-specific characterization of protein glycosylation, defined as glycoproteomics, is still far from trivial leaving the N- and O-linked glycoproteomes significantly under-defined. However, recent years have seen significant advances in glycoproteomics driven, in part, by the developments of dedicated workflows and efficient sample preparation, including glycopeptide enrichment and prefractionation. In addition, glycoproteomics has benefitted from the continuous performance enhancement and more intelligent use of liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) instrumentation and a wider selection of specialized software tackling the unique challenges of glycoproteomics data. Together these advances promise more streamlined N- and O-linked glycoproteome analysis. Tangible examples include system-wide glycoproteomics studies detecting thousands of intact glycopeptides from hundreds of glycoproteins from diverse biological samples. With a strict focus on the system-wide site-specific analysis of protein N- and O-linked glycosylation, we review the recent advances in LC-MS/MS based glycoproteomics. The review opens with a more general discussion of experimental designs in glycoproteomics and sample preparation prior to LC-MS/MS based data acquisition. Although many challenges still remain, it becomes clear that glycoproteomics, one of the last frontiers in proteomics, is gradually maturing enabling a wider spectrum of researchers to access this new emerging research discipline. The next milestone in analytical glycobiology is being reached allowing the glycoscientist to address the functional importance of protein glycosylation in a system-wide yet protein-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- Biomolecular Frontiers Research Centre, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Zamani Z, Nassir-Ud-Din, Kohan HK, Kadivar M, Kalyee Z, Rad BL, Iravani A, Rahimi NA, Wahabi F, Sadeghi S, Pourfallah F, Arjmand M. The effect of ginger extract on glycoproteins of Raji cells. Pak J Biol Sci 2014; 17:241-7. [PMID: 24783808 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2014.241.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is associated with the development and progression of specific diseases, including cancers. The ginger rhizome is known to have anti-cancer and anti-fungal properties. This investigation was carried out to study the effect of ginger on glycoproteins of Raji cells. A 10% yield of ginger extract was mixed with 0.01% DMSO and added to 6 x 10(4) Raji cells at different concentrations for 24, 48 and 72 h at 37 degrees C. Their half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined and analyzed statistically using Graphpad prism software. Cell extracts were prepared and their glycoproteins purified using lectin-affinity chromatography (Q proteome total glycoprotein and O glycoprotein kits) and SDS PAGE was carried out. IC50 of ginger extract on Raji cells was 20 microg mL(-1) at 72 h with < 0.01 significance. Silver staining of purified glycoprotiens in Raji cells indicated the presence of O-glycans and N-glycans. N-linked mannose and N-linked sialic acids were detected with the total glycoprotein kit. O-linked galactose and O-linked sialic acids were identified with the O-glycoprotein. Ginger reduced the expression of O-linked sialic acid and also N-linked mannose on Raji cells but had no effect on other glycoproteins. Sialic acid is now well known as a cancer marker and investigations are on to use it as a drug-target in cancerous tissues.
Collapse
|
75
|
Abstract
A review of known small molecule inhibitors and substrates of the human neuraminidase enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W. Cairo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton Alberta
- Canada
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Crespo HJ, Lau JTY, Videira PA. Dendritic cells: a spot on sialic Acid. Front Immunol 2013; 4:491. [PMID: 24409183 PMCID: PMC3873530 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans decorating cell surface and secreted proteins and lipids occupy the juncture where critical host–host and host-pathogen interactions occur. The role of glycan epitopes in cell–cell and cell-pathogen adhesive events is already well-established, and cell surface glycan structures change rapidly in response to stimulus and inflammatory cues. Despite the wide acceptance that glycans are centrally implicated in immunity, exactly how glycans and their changes contribute to the overall immune response remains poorly defined. Sialic acids are unique sugars that usually occupy the terminal position of the glycan chains and may be modified by external factors, such as pathogens, or upon specific physiological cellular events. At cell surface, sialic acid-modified structures form the key fundamental determinants for a number of receptors with known involvement in cellular adhesiveness and cell trafficking, such as the Selectins and the Siglec families of carbohydrate recognizing receptors. Dendritic cells (DCs) preside over the transition from innate to the adaptive immune repertoires, and no other cell has such relevant role in antigen screening, uptake, and its presentation to lymphocytes, ultimately triggering the adaptive immune response. Interestingly, sialic acid-modified structures are involved in all DC functions, such as antigen uptake, DC migration, and capacity to prime T cell responses. Sialic acid content changes along DC differentiation and activation and, while, not yet fully understood, these changes have important implications in DC functions. This review focuses on the developmental regulation of DC surface sialic acids and how manipulation of DC surface sialic acids can affect immune-critical DC functions by altering antigen endocytosis, pathogen and tumor cell recognition, cell recruitment, and capacity for T cell priming. The existing evidence points to a potential of DC surface sialylation as a therapeutic target to improve and diversify DC-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélio J Crespo
- CEDOC - UC Imunologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, NY , USA
| | - Joseph T Y Lau
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, NY , USA
| | - Paula A Videira
- CEDOC - UC Imunologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Park JJ, Lee M. Increasing the α 2, 6 sialylation of glycoproteins may contribute to metastatic spread and therapeutic resistance in colorectal cancer. Gut Liver 2013; 7:629-41. [PMID: 24312702 PMCID: PMC3848550 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2013.7.6.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal glycosylation due to dysregulated glycosyltransferases and glycosidases is a key phenomenon of many malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). In particular, increased ST6 Gal I (β-galactoside α 2, 6 sialyltransferase) and subsequently elevated levels of cell-surface α 2, 6-linked sialic acids have been associated with metastasis and therapeutic failure in CRC. As many CRC patients experience metastasis to the liver or lung and fail to respond to curative therapies, intensive research efforts have sought to identify the molecular changes underlying CRC metastasis. ST6 Gal I has been shown to facilitate CRC metastasis, and we believe that additional investigations into the involvement of ST6 Gal I in CRC could facilitate the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. This review summarizes how ST6 Gal I has been implicated in the altered expression of sialylated glycoproteins, which have been linked to CRC metastasis, radioresistance, and chemoresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Jin Park
- Division of Life Science, Korea University College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Hung TC, Lin CW, Hsu TL, Wu CY, Wong CH. Investigation of SSEA-4 binding protein in breast cancer cells. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:5934-7. [PMID: 23574147 DOI: 10.1021/ja312210c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
SSEA-4, a sialyl-glycolipid, has been commonly used as a pluripotent human embryonic stem cell marker, and its expression is correlated with the metastasis of some malignant tumors. However, there is no in-depth functional study related to the receptor and the role of this glycolipid. Here, we report the identification of an SSEA-4-binding protein in a breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. By using affinity capture and glycan microarray techniques, the intracellular FK-506 binding protein 4 (FKBP4) was identified to bind directly to SSEA-4. The biological significance of SSEA-4/FKBP4 interaction was investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Chun Hung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
Yang Y, Toy W, Choong LY, Hou P, Ashktorab H, Smoot DT, Yeoh KG, Lim YP. Discovery of SLC3A2 cell membrane protein as a potential gastric cancer biomarker: implications in molecular imaging. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:5736-47. [PMID: 23116296 DOI: 10.1021/pr300555y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite decreasing incidence and mortality, gastric cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Successful management of gastric cancer is hampered by lack of highly sensitive and specific biomarkers especially for early cancer detection. Cell surface proteins that are aberrantly expressed between normal and cancer cells are potentially useful for cancer imaging and therapy due to easy accessibility of these targets. Combining two-phase partition and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification methods, we compared the relative expression levels of membrane proteins between noncancer and gastric cancer cells. About 33% of the data set was found to be plasma membrane and associated proteins using this approach (compared to only 11% in whole cell analysis), several of which have never been previously implicated in gastric cancer. Upregulation of SLC3A2 in gastric cancer cells was validated by immunoblotting of a panel of 13 gastric cancer cell lines and immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays comprising 85 matched pairs of normal and tumor tissues. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry both confirmed the plasma membrane localization of SLC3A2 in gastric cancer cells. The data supported the notion that SLC3A2 is a potential biomarker that could be exploited for molecular imaging-based detection of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
80
|
Tringali C, Lupo B, Silvestri I, Papini N, Anastasia L, Tettamanti G, Venerando B. The plasma membrane sialidase NEU3 regulates the malignancy of renal carcinoma cells by controlling β1 integrin internalization and recycling. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:42835-45. [PMID: 23139422 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.407718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The human plasma membrane sialidase NEU3 is a key enzyme in the catabolism of membrane gangliosides, is crucial in the regulation of cell surface processes, and has been demonstrated to be significantly up-regulated in renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). In this report, we show that NEU3 regulates β1 integrin trafficking in RCC cells by controlling β1 integrin recycling to the plasma membrane and controlling activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling. NEU3 silencing in RCC cells increased the membrane ganglioside content, in particular the GD1a content, and changed the expression of key regulators of the integrin recycling pathway. In addition, NEU3 silencing up-regulated the Ras-related protein RAB25, which directs internalized integrins to lysosomes, and down-regulated the chloride intracellular channel protein 3 (CLIC3), which induces the recycling of internalized integrins to the plasma membrane. In this manner, NEU3 silencing enhanced the caveolar endocytosis of β1 integrin, blocked its recycling and reduced its levels at the plasma membrane, and, consequently, inhibited EGFR and FAK/AKT. These events had the following effects on the behavior of RCC cells: they (a) decreased drug resistance mediated by the block of autophagy and the induction of apoptosis; (b) decreased metastatic potential mediated by down-regulation of the metalloproteinases MMP1 and MMP7; and (c) decreased adhesion to collagen and fibronectin. Therefore, our data identify NEU3 as a key regulator of the β1 integrin-recycling pathway and FAK/AKT signaling and demonstrate its crucial role in RCC malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tringali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Milan, Segrate, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
81
|
Koseki K, Wada T, Hosono M, Hata K, Yamaguchi K, Nitta K, Miyagi T. Human cytosolic sialidase NEU2-low general tissue expression but involvement in PC-3 prostate cancer cell survival. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 428:142-9. [PMID: 23068092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Human cytosolic sialidase (NEU2) has been identified and characterized using a NEU2 cDNA constructed from a genomic library of human skeletal muscle. However, the tissue distribution of NEU2 mRNA and the physiological functions of the enzyme remain unclear. In the present study, unlike other human sialidases, NEU2 expression as assessed by quantitative real-time PCR was found to be extremely low or undetectable in many human tissues and cells, with notable exceptions like the placenta and testis. The gene forms obtained by PCR with cDNAs synthesized from poly (A)(+) RNA of human brain and colon were verified to encode cytosolic sialidase with appropriate activity, regardless of the brain gene feature of SNPs. Among a series of human cancer cell lines examined, only prostate cancer PC-3 cells exhibited relatively high expression and NEU2-silencing with an siRNA resulted in decreased cell survival and motility. To gain insights into the significance of the high levels, transcription factors in the promoter region of the NEU2 gene were surveyed for involvement. PC-3 cells were characterized by high expression of Runx2 and Sp3, and their silencing reduced NEU2, suggesting regulatory roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Koseki
- Division of Biochemistry, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori 981-1293, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
82
|
Ma F, Wu D, Deng L, Secrest P, Zhao J, Varki N, Lindheim S, Gagneux P. Sialidases on mammalian sperm mediate deciduous sialylation during capacitation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:38073-9. [PMID: 22989879 PMCID: PMC3488077 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.380584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids (Sias) mediate many biological functions, including molecular recognition during development, immune response, and fertilization. A Sia-rich glycocalyx coats the surface of sperm, allowing them to survive as allogeneic cells in the female reproductive tract despite female immunity. During capacitation, sperm lose a fraction of their Sias. We quantified shed Sia monosaccharides released from capacitated sperm and measured sperm sialidase activity. We report the presence of two sialidases (neuraminidases Neu1 and Neu3) on mammalian sperm. These are themselves shed from sperm during capacitation. Inhibiting sialidase activity interferes with sperm binding to the zona pellucida of the ovum. A survey of human sperm samples for the presence of sialidases NEU1 and NEU3 identified a lack of one or both sialidases in sperm of some male idiopathic infertility cases. The results contribute new insights into the dynamic remodeling of the sperm glycocalyx prior to fertilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ma
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center and Departments of Cellular, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0687, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|