51
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Mao BH, Tsai JC, Chen CW, Yan SJ, Wang YJ. Mechanisms of silver nanoparticle-induced toxicity and important role of autophagy. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:1021-40. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2016.1189614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Hsu Mao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan,
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan ROC,
| | - Jui-Chen Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan ROC,
| | - Chun-Wan Chen
- Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Ministry of Labor, Sijhih District, New Taipei City, Taiwan ROC,
| | - Shian-Jang Yan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan ROC,
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan,
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Wufeng District, Taichung City, Taiwan ROC,
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan ROC
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52
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Teodoro JS, Silva R, Varela AT, Duarte FV, Rolo AP, Hussain S, Palmeira CM. Low-dose, subchronic exposure to silver nanoparticles causes mitochondrial alterations in Sprague-Dawley rats. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:1359-75. [PMID: 27171910 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Nanoparticles (NPs) have increasingly been studied due to their probable harmful effects to both humans and the environment. However, despite several indications of possible harmful effects, no long-term studies using a low dose of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have been conducted in vivo. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that the prolonged exposure to a very low dose of AgNP was sufficient to cause alterations in hepatic mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial function compromised by AgNPs is recovered by pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, which highlights the crucial role of oxidative stress in AgNPs' toxicity. CONCLUSION Our data show for the first time that even a very low dose of AgNP can cause harmful effects on mitochondrial function, thus compromising the normal function of the organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Soeiro Teodoro
- Center for Neurosciences & Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences of the Faculty of Sciences & Technology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Silva
- Department of Life Sciences of the Faculty of Sciences & Technology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Varela
- Center for Neurosciences & Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences of the Faculty of Sciences & Technology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipe Valente Duarte
- Center for Neurosciences & Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences of the Faculty of Sciences & Technology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela Pinto Rolo
- Center for Neurosciences & Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences of the Faculty of Sciences & Technology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Saber Hussain
- 711th HPW/RHDJ, Molecular Bioeffects Branch, Bioeffects Division, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433, USA
| | - Carlos Marques Palmeira
- Center for Neurosciences & Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences of the Faculty of Sciences & Technology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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53
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Dong P, Li JH, Xu SP, Wu XJ, Xiang X, Yang QQ, Jin JC, Liu Y, Jiang FL. Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by ultra-small silver nanoclusters with a distinct toxic mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 308:139-148. [PMID: 26808252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As noble metal nanoclusters (NCs) are widely employed in nanotechnology, their potential threats to human and environment are relatively less understood. Herein, the biological effects of ultra-small silver NCs coated by bovine serum albumin (BSA) (Ag-BSA NCs) on isolated rat liver mitochondria were investigated by testing mitochondrial swelling, membrane permeability, ROS generation, lipid peroxidation and respiration. It was found that Ag-BSA NCs induced mitochondrial dysfunction via synergistic effects of two different ways: (1) inducing mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MPT) by interacting with the phospholipid bilayer of the mitochondrial membrane (not with specific MPT pore proteins); (2) damaging mitochondrial respiration by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). As far as we know, this is the first report on the biological effects of ultra-small size nanoparticles (∼2 nm) at the sub-cellular level, which provides significant insights into the potential risks brought by the applications of NCs. It would inspire us to evaluate the potential threats of nanomaterials more comprehensively, even though they showed no obvious toxicity to cells or in vivo animal models. Noteworthy, a distinct toxic mechanism to mitochondria caused by Ag-BSA NCs was proposed and elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Jia-Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Shi-Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Xun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Qi-Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Jian-Cheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Feng-Lei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, PR China.
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54
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Chen S, Goode AE, Skepper JN, Thorley AJ, Seiffert JM, Chung KF, Tetley TD, Shaffer MSP, Ryan MP, Porter AE. Avoiding artefacts during electron microscopy of silver nanomaterials exposed to biological environments. J Microsc 2016; 261:157-66. [PMID: 25606708 PMCID: PMC4510036 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electron microscopy has been applied widely to study the interaction of nanomaterials with proteins, cells and tissues at nanometre scale. Biological material is most commonly embedded in thermoset resins to make it compatible with the high vacuum in the electron microscope. Room temperature sample preparation protocols developed over decades provide contrast by staining cell organelles, and aim to preserve the native cell structure. However, the effect of these complex protocols on the nanomaterials in the system is seldom considered. Any artefacts generated during sample preparation may ultimately interfere with the accurate prediction of the stability and reactivity of the nanomaterials. As a case study, we review steps in the room temperature preparation of cells exposed to silver nanomaterials (AgNMs) for transmission electron microscopy imaging and analysis. In particular, embedding and staining protocols, which can alter the physicochemical properties of AgNMs and introduce artefacts thereby leading to a misinterpretation of silver bioreactivity, are scrutinized. Recommendations are given for the application of cryogenic sample preparation protocols, which simultaneously fix both particles and diffusible ions. By being aware of the advantages and limitations of different sample preparation methods, compromises or selection of different correlative techniques can be made to draw more accurate conclusions about the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chen
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - A E Goode
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - J N Skepper
- Multi-Imaging Centre, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, U.K
| | - A J Thorley
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, SW3 6LY, U.K
| | - J M Seiffert
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, SW3 6LY, U.K
| | - K F Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, SW3 6LY, U.K
| | - T D Tetley
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, SW3 6LY, U.K
| | - M S P Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - M P Ryan
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - A E Porter
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
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55
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Tan JWS, Ho CFY, Ng YK, Ong WY. Docosahexaenoic acid and L-Carnitine prevent ATP loss in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells after exposure to silver nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:224-232. [PMID: 25146533 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are among the most commonly used nanomaterials, but thus far, little is known about ways to mitigate against potential toxic effects of exposure. In this study, we examined the potential effects of AgNPs on mitochondrial function and cellular ATP levels, and whether these could be prevented by treatment with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and L-carnitine (LC). Acute exposure of AgNPs for 1 h to SH-SY5Y cells resulted in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreased ATP and ADP levels, indicating mitochondrial damage and reduced production of ATP. Incubation of cells with DHA partially reduced, while treatment with LC and DHA completely abolished the AgNP induced decreases in ATP and ADP levels. This could be due to a LC-facilitated entry of DHA to mitochondria, for repair of damaged phospholipids. It is postulated that DHA and LC may be useful for treatment of accidental environmental exposure to AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Wee-Shan Tan
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | | | - Yee-Kong Ng
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
- Neurobiology and Ageing Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
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56
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Ziemińska E, Strużyńska L. Zinc Modulates Nanosilver-Induced Toxicity in Primary Neuronal Cultures. Neurotox Res 2015; 29:325-43. [PMID: 26690781 PMCID: PMC4712226 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9583-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (NAg) have recently become one of the most commonly used nanomaterials. Since the ability of nanosilver to enter the brain has been confirmed, there has been a need to investigate mechanisms of its neurotoxicity. We previously showed that primary neuronal cultures treated with nanosilver undergo destabilization of calcium homeostasis via a mechanism involving glutamatergic NMDA receptors. Considering the fact that zinc interacts with these receptors, the aim of the present study was to examine the role of zinc in mechanisms of neuronal cell death in primary cultures. In cells treated with nanosilver, we noted an imbalance between extracellular and intracellular zinc levels. Thus, the influence of zinc deficiency and supplementation on nanosilver-evoked cytotoxicity was investigated by treatment with TPEN (a chelator of zinc ions), or ZnCl2, respectively. Elimination of zinc leads to complete death of nanosilver-treated CGCs. In contrast, supplementation with ZnCl2 increases viability of CGCs in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of zinc provided protection against the extra/intracellular calcium imbalance in a manner similar to MK-801, an antagonist of NMDA receptors. Zinc chelation by TPEN decreases the mitochondrial potential and dramatically increases the rate of production of reactive oxygen species. Our results indicate that zinc supplementation positively influences nanosilver-evoked changes in CGCs. This is presumed to be due to an inhibitory effect on NMDA-sensitive calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Ziemińska
- Laboratory of Pharmaconeurochemistry, Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego str, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Strużyńska
- Laboratory of Pathoneurochemistry, Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego str, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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57
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Ferreira GK, Cardoso E, Vuolo FS, Michels M, Zanoni ET, Carvalho-Silva M, Gomes LM, Dal-Pizzol F, Rezin GT, Streck EL, da Silva Paula MM. Gold nanoparticles alter parameters of oxidative stress and energy metabolism in organs of adult rats. Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 93:548-57. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2015-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the parameters of oxidative stress and energy metabolism after the acute and long-term administration of gold nanoparticles (GNPs, 10 and 30 nm in diameter) in different organs of rats. Adult male Wistar rats received a single intraperitoneal injection or repeated injections (once daily for 28 days) of saline solution, GNPs-10 or GNPs-30. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, the animals were killed, and the liver, kidney, and heart were isolated for biochemical analysis. We demonstrated that acute administration of GNPs-30 increased the TBARS levels, and that GNPs-10 increased the carbonyl protein levels. The long-term administration of GNPs-10 increased the TBARS levels, and the carbonyl protein levels were increased by GNPs-30. Acute administration of GNPs-10 and GNPs-30 increased SOD activity. Long-term administration of GNPs-30 increased SOD activity. Acute administration of GNPs-10 decreased the activity of CAT, whereas long-term administration of GNP-10 and GNP-30 altered CAT activity randomly. Our results also demonstrated that acute GNPs-30 administration decreased energy metabolism, especially in the liver and heart. Long-term GNPs-10 administration increased energy metabolism in the liver and decreased energy metabolism in the kidney and heart, whereas long-term GNPs-30 administration increased energy metabolism in the heart. The results of our study are consistent with other studies conducted in our research group and reinforce the fact that GNPs can lead to oxidative damage, which is responsible for DNA damage and alterations in energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Kozuchovski Ferreira
- Laboratório de Síntese de Complexos Multifuncionais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Eria Cardoso
- Laboratório de Síntese de Complexos Multifuncionais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Catarinense, campus Sombrio, 88960-000, Sombrio, SC, Brazil
| | - Francieli Silva Vuolo
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Monique Michels
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, 88704-9000, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Elton Torres Zanoni
- Laboratório de Síntese de Complexos Multifuncionais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Milena Carvalho-Silva
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Lara Mezari Gomes
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Tezza Rezin
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, 88704-9000, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Emilio L. Streck
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcos Marques da Silva Paula
- Laboratório de Síntese de Complexos Multifuncionais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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58
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Gomes SIL, Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Amorim MJB. Cellular Energy Allocation to Assess the Impact of Nanomaterials on Soil Invertebrates (Enchytraeids): The Effect of Cu and Ag. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:6858-78. [PMID: 26086707 PMCID: PMC4483735 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120606858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The effects of several copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) nanomaterials were assessed using the cellular energy allocation (CEA), a methodology used to evaluate the energetic status and which relates with organisms' overall condition and response to toxic stress. Enchytraeus crypticus (Oligochatea), was exposed to the reproduction effect concentrations EC20/50 of several Cu and Ag materials (CuNO3, Cu-Field, Cu-Nwires and Cu-NPs; AgNO3, Ag NM300K, Ag-NPs Non-coated and Ag-NPs PVP-coated) for 7 days (0-3-7d). The parameters measured were the total energy reserves available (protein, carbohydrate and lipid budgets) and the energy consumption (Ec) integrated to obtain the CEA. Results showed that these parameters allowed a clear discrimination between Cu and Ag, but less clearly within each of the various materials. For Cu there was an increase in Ec and protein budget, while for Ag a decrease was observed. The results corroborate known mechanisms, e.g., with Cu causing an increase in metabolic rate whereas Ag induces mitochondrial damage. The various Cu forms seem to activate different mechanisms with size and shape (e.g., Cu-NPs versus Cu-Nwires), causing clearly different effects. For Ag, results are in line with a slower oxidation rate of Ag-NMs in comparison with Ag-salt and hence delayed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana I L Gomes
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
| | - Janeck J Scott-Fordsmand
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsovej 25, PO BOX 314, Silkeborg DK-8600, Denmark.
| | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
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Wang Z, Xia T, Liu S. Mechanisms of nanosilver-induced toxicological effects: more attention should be paid to its sublethal effects. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:7470-81. [PMID: 25865054 PMCID: PMC4418973 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01133g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to its unique physicochemical properties and remarkable antimicrobial activity, nanosilver (nAg) is increasingly being used in a wide array of fields, including medicine and personal care products. Despite substantial progress being made towards the understanding of the acute toxicity of nAg, large knowledge gaps still exist on the assessment of its chronic toxicity to humans. Chronic effects of nAg, typically at low doses (i.e. sublethal doses) should be different from the acute toxicity at high doses (i.e., lethal doses), which is analogous to other environmental pollutants. Although a few review papers have elaborated the findings on nAg-mediated toxicity, most of them only discussed overt toxicity of nAg at high-level exposure and failed to evaluate the chronic and cumulative effects of nAg at sublethal doses. Therefore, it is necessary to more stringently scrutinize the sublethal toxicity of nAg under environmentally relevant conditions. Herein, we recapitulated recent findings on the sublethal effects of nAg toxicity performed by our groups and others. We then discussed the molecular mechanisms by which nAg exerts its toxicity under low concentrations and compared that with nAg-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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60
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Tsai TN, Lee TY, Liu MS, Ho JJ, Huang LJ, Liu CJ, Chen TJ, Yang RC. Nonlethal dose of silver nanoparticles attenuates TNF-α-induced hepatic epithelial cell death through HSP70 overexpression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 308:C959-63. [PMID: 25877698 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00044.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag-nps) have been widely used in various biomedical products. Compared with its hazardous effects extensively being studied, rare attention has been paid to the potential protective effect of Ag-nps to human health. The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of Ag-nps and heat shock treatment on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced cell damage in Clone 9 cells. Clone 9 cells were pretreated with nonlethal concentration of Ag-nps (1 μg/ml) or heat shock, and then cell damages were induced by TNF-α (1 ng/ml). Protective effects of Ag-nps administration or heat shock treatment were determined by examining the TNF-α-induced changes in cell viabilities. The results showed that the intensity of cytotoxicity produced by TNF-α was alleviated upon treatment with nonlethal concentration of Ag-nps (1 μg/ml). Similar protective effects were also found upon heat shock treatment. These data demonstrate that Ag-nps and heat shock treatment were equally capable of inducing heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) protein expression in Clone 9 cells. The results suggest that clinically Ag-nps administration is a viable strategy to induce endogenous HSP70 expression instead of applying heat shock. In conclusion, our study for the first time provides evidence that Ag-nps may act as a viable alternative for HSP70 induction clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsen-Ni Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ying Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Maw-Shung Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Jing Ho
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ju Huang
- Teaching and Research Center, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jen Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Ju Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rei-Cheng Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and Department of Pediatrics, Changhua Christian Children Hospital, Changhua City, Changhua County, Taiwan
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62
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Monteiro DR, Takamiya AS, Feresin LP, Gorup LF, de Camargo ER, Delbem ACB, Henriques M, Barbosa DB. Susceptibility of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata biofilms to silver nanoparticles in intermediate and mature development phases. J Prosthodont Res 2015; 59:42-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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63
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Gonzalez C, Rosas-Hernandez H, Ramirez-Lee MA, Salazar-García S, Ali SF. Role of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the cardiovascular system. Arch Toxicol 2014; 90:493-511. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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64
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Theodorou IG, Ryan MP, Tetley TD, Porter AE. Inhalation of silver nanomaterials--seeing the risks. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23936-74. [PMID: 25535082 PMCID: PMC4284799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Demand for silver engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is increasing rapidly in optoelectronic and in health and medical applications due to their antibacterial, thermal, electrical conductive, and other properties. The continued commercial up-scaling of ENM production and application needs to be accompanied by an understanding of the occupational health, public safety and environmental implications of these materials. There have been numerous in vitro studies and some in vivo studies of ENM toxicity but their results are frequently inconclusive. Some of the variability between studies has arisen due to a lack of consistency between experimental models, since small differences between test materials can markedly alter their behaviour. In addition, the propensity for the physicochemistry of silver ENMs to alter, sometimes quite radically, depending on the environment they encounter, can profoundly alter their bioreactivity. Consequently, it is important to accurately characterise the materials before use, at the point of exposure and at the nanomaterial-tissue, or "nanobio", interface, to be able to appreciate their environmental impact. This paper reviews current literature on the pulmonary effects of silver nanomaterials. We focus our review on describing whether, and by which mechanisms, the chemistry and structure of these materials can be linked to their bioreactivity in the respiratory system. In particular, the mechanisms by which the physicochemical properties (e.g., aggregation state, morphology and chemistry) of silver nanomaterials change in various biological milieu (i.e., relevant proteins, lipids and other molecules, and biofluids, such as lung surfactant) and affect subsequent interactions with and within cells will be discussed, in the context not only of what is measured but also of what can be visualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis G Theodorou
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Mary P Ryan
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Teresa D Tetley
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Cale Street, London SW3 6LY, UK.
| | - Alexandra E Porter
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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65
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Zou J, Feng H, Mannerström M, Heinonen T, Pyykkö I. Toxicity of silver nanoparticle in rat ear and BALB/c 3T3 cell line. J Nanobiotechnology 2014; 12:52. [PMID: 25467963 PMCID: PMC4272548 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-014-0052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) displayed strong activities in anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-fungal studies and was reportedly efficient in treating otitis media .The potential impact of AgNPs on the inner ear was missing. Objective Attempted to evaluate the potential toxicity of AgNPs in the inner ear, middle ear, and external ear canal after transtympanic injection in rats. Results In in vitro studies, the IC50 for AgNPs in neutral red uptake assay was lower than that in NAD(P)H-dependent cellular oxidoreductase enzyme assay (WST-1) and higher than that in total cellular ATP and nuclear membrane integrity (propidium iodide) assessments. In in vivo experiments, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that significant changes in the permeability of biological barriers occurred in the middle ear mucosa, the skin of the external ear canal, and the inner ear at 5 h post-transtympanic injection of AgNPs at concentrations ranging from 20 μg/ml to 4000 μg/ml. The alterations in permeability showed a dosage-response relationship, and were reversible. The auditory brainstem response showed that 4000 μg/ml AgNPs induced hearing loss with partial recovery at 7 d, whereas 20 μg/ml caused reversible hearing loss. The functional change in auditory system was in line with the histology results. In general, the BALB/c 3T3 cell line is more than 1000 times more sensitive than the in vivo studies. Impairment of the mitochondrial function was indicated to be the mechanism of toxicity of AgNPs. Conclusion These results suggest that AgNPs caused significant, dose-dependent changes in the permeability of biological barriers in the middle ear mucosa, the skin of the external ear canal, and the inner ear. In general, the BALB/c 3T3 cell line is more than 1000 times more sensitive than the in vivo studies. The rat ear model might be expended to other engineered nanomaterials in nanotoxicology study. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-014-0052-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zou
- Hearing and Balance Research Unit, Field of Oto-laryngology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery of Chinese PLA, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hao Feng
- Hearing and Balance Research Unit, Field of Oto-laryngology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Marika Mannerström
- The Finnish Centre for Alternative Methods, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Tuula Heinonen
- The Finnish Centre for Alternative Methods, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Ilmari Pyykkö
- Hearing and Balance Research Unit, Field of Oto-laryngology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
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66
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Sunflower oil mediated biomimetic synthesis and cytotoxicity of monodisperse hexagonal silver nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 44:209-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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67
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In vitro effect of nanosilver on gene expression of superoxide dismutases and nitric oxide synthases in chicken Sertoli cells. Animal 2014; 9:295-300. [PMID: 25229128 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731114002262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate effects of different concentrations of nanosilver colloid on the cell culture of Sertoli cells, the proportion of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant capacity, nitric oxide (NO) production and genes expression of superoxide dismutases (SOD1 and SOD2) and nitric oxide synthases (eNOS and iNOS) were measured. Sertoli cells were incubated at concentrations of 25, 75 and 125 ppm nanosilver for 48 h. There was progressive lipid peroxidation in treatments according to increasing of nanosilver. Lipid peroxidation, as indicated by malondialdehyde levels, was significantly elevated by the highest concentration of silver colloid (125 ppm), although antioxidant capacity, as measured by ferric ion reduction, was unaffected. Nitrite, as an index of NO production was reduced only in 125 ppm of nanosilver. Expression of SOD1 gene was reduced in nanosilver-treated cells at all concentrations, whereas expression of SOD2 gene was reduced only in cells treated with 125 ppm nanosilver. Expression of iNOS gene was progressively increased with higher concentrations of nanosilver. Expression of eNOS gene was also increased in 125 ppm of nanosilver. In conclusion, toxic effects of nanosilver could be due to high lipid peroxidation and suppression of antioxidant mechanisms via reduced expression of SOD genes and increased expression of NOS genes.
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Chen Y, Wang Z, Xu M, Wang X, Liu R, Liu Q, Zhang Z, Xia T, Zhao J, Jiang G, Xu Y, Liu S. Nanosilver incurs an adaptive shunt of energy metabolism mode to glycolysis in tumor and nontumor cells. ACS NANO 2014; 8:5813-5825. [PMID: 24810997 DOI: 10.1021/nn500719m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to its significant antimicrobial properties, nanosilver (nAg) has been substantially used in a wide spectrum of areas. This has raised the concerns on the detrimental effects on environment and human health. Although numerous studies have documented nAg-mediated toxicity to cells or organisms, little attempt has been made to study the biological impacts of nAg on cells at nontoxic concentrations, namely, the distinct biological effects that can be separated from direct cytotoxicity. Here, we studied nAg-mediated effects on energy metabolism in cells under sublethal exposure. Treatment of nAg at nontoxic concentrations resulted in a decline of ATP synthesis and attenuation of respiratory chain function in nontumor HEK293T cells and tumor cells with differential respiration rate, including HepG2, HeLa, A498, and PC3 cells. Cellular energy homeostasis was switched from oxidative phosphorylation-based aerobic metabolism to anaerobic glycolysis, which is an adaption process to satisfy the energy demand for cell survival. Nanospheres with smaller size showed greater capability to alter cellular energy metabolism than those with larger size or nanoplates. Mechanistic investigation manifested that inhibition of PGC-1α by nAg was, at least partially, accountable for the transition from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. Additionally, altered expression of a few energy metabolism-related genes (such as PFKFB3 and PDHA1) was also involved in the transition process. We further showed nAg-induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and reduction of respiratory chain complex activity. Together, our combined results uncovered the mechanisms by which nAg induced energy metabolism reprogramming in both tumor and nontumor cells under sublethal dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
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69
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Monteiro DR, Takamiya AS, Feresin LP, Gorup LF, de Camargo ER, Delbem ACB, Henriques M, Barbosa DB. Silver colloidal nanoparticle stability: influence on Candida biofilms formed on denture acrylic. Med Mycol 2014; 52:627-35. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myu021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Xue Y, Chen Q, Ding T, Sun J. SiO₂ nanoparticle-induced impairment of mitochondrial energy metabolism in hepatocytes directly and through a Kupffer cell-mediated pathway in vitro. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:2891-903. [PMID: 24959077 PMCID: PMC4061170 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s60661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver has been shown to be a primary target organ for SiO2 nanoparticles in vivo, and may be highly susceptible to damage by these nanoparticles. However, until now, research focusing on the potential toxic effects of SiO2 nanoparticles on mitochondria-associated energy metabolism in hepatocytes has been lacking. In this work, SiO2 nanoparticles 20 nm in diameter were evaluated for their ability to induce dysfunction of mitochondrial energy metabolism. First, a buffalo rat liver (BRL) cell line was directly exposed to SiO2 nanoparticles, which induced cytotoxicity and mitochondrial damage accompanied by decreases in mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, enzymatic expression in the Krebs cycle, and activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV. Second, the role of rat-derived Kupffer cells was evaluated. The supernatants from Kupffer cells treated with SiO2 nanoparticles were transferred to stimulate BRL cells. We observed that SiO2 nanoparticles had the ability to activate Kupffer cells, leading to release of tumor necrosis factor-α, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species from these cells and subsequently to inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I activity in BRL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xue
- Shanghai Biomaterials Research and Testing Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- Shanghai Biomaterials Research and Testing Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Ding
- Shanghai Biomaterials Research and Testing Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Sun
- Shanghai Biomaterials Research and Testing Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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71
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Cupaioli FA, Zucca FA, Boraschi D, Zecca L. Engineered nanoparticles. How brain friendly is this new guest? Prog Neurobiol 2014; 119-120:20-38. [PMID: 24820405 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the last 30 years, the use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) has progressively increased in many industrial and medical applications. In therapy, NPs may allow more effective cellular and subcellular targeting of drugs. In diagnostic applications, quantum dots are exploited for their optical characteristics, while superparamagnetic iron oxides NPs are used in magnetic resonance imaging. NPs are used in semiconductors, packaging, textiles, solar cells, batteries and plastic materials. Despite the great progress in nanotechnologies, comparatively little is known to date on the effects that exposure to NPs may have on the human body, in general and specifically on the brain. NPs can enter the human body through skin, digestive tract, airways and blood and they may cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the central nervous system. In addition to the paucity of studies describing NP effects on brain function, some of them also suffer of insufficient NPs characterization, inadequate standardization of conditions and lack of contaminant evaluation, so that results from different studies can hardly be compared. It has been shown in vitro and in vivo in rodents that NPs can impair dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems. Changes of neuronal morphology and neuronal death were reported in mice treated with NPs. NPs can also affect the respiratory chain of mitochondria and Bax protein levels, thereby causing apoptosis. Changes in expression of genes involved in redox pathways in mouse brain regions were described. NPs can induce autophagy, and accumulate in lysosomes impairing their degradation capacity. Cytoskeleton and vesicle trafficking may also be affected. NPs treated animals showed neuroinflammation with microglia activation, which could induce neurodegeneration. Considering the available data, it is important to design adequate models and experimental systems to evaluate in a reliable and controlled fashion the effects of NPs on the brain, and generate data representative of effects on the human brain, thereby useful for developing robust and valid nanosafety standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca A Cupaioli
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio A Zucca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Diana Boraschi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Unit of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Zecca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
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72
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Sarhan OMM, Hussein RM. Effects of intraperitoneally injected silver nanoparticles on histological structures and blood parameters in the albino rat. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1505-17. [PMID: 24711700 PMCID: PMC3969345 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s56729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acute dosing with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and identify potential ultrastructural alterations in the liver and kidney and their effect on blood parameters in the albino rat. METHODS Twenty rats were used to assess the acute effects of AgNPs. Rats in the treatment group were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 mL of distilled water containing AgNPs at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg body weight followed by a second injection after 48 hours. Control rats received two 0.5 mL doses of distilled water only. After 3 days, blood samples were collected, and the rat kidneys and livers were extracted and processed for electron microscopy to investigate for hematologic and histopathologic alterations. RESULTS Renal tubules showed swollen epithelium with cytoplasmic vacuolization, thickening of the basement membrane, and destruction of some mitochondrial cristae. Podocytes showed elongation and swelling of their primary and secondary processes. The basement membrane of the capillary tufts became thicker. The hepatic tissue showed narrowing of the sinusoids, swollen hepatocytes with hypertrophied nucleoli, and accumulation of fat globules in the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. The hepatic sinusoids showed hypertrophied endothelial and Kupffer. Destructed cristae of some mitochondria, endosomes, and larger lysosomes filled with Ag-NPs were also observed in the Kupffer cells. Significant increases were observed in white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, granulocytes, and hemoglobin. There was a significant increase in serum creatinine, urea, and aspartate and alanine aminotransferases. CONCLUSION To the best of the authors' knowledge, the ultrastructural changes in renal and liver tissue observed in this study have not been described before. Our results suggest that injection of AgNPs could have severe cytotoxic effects on the structure and function of these organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Mohamed M Sarhan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Fayoum University, Al Fayoum, Egypt ; Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab M Hussein
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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73
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Ziemińska E, Stafiej A, Strużyńska L. The role of the glutamatergic NMDA receptor in nanosilver-evoked neurotoxicity in primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells. Toxicology 2014; 315:38-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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74
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Nair PMG, Chung IM. Assessment of silver nanoparticle-induced physiological and molecular changes in Arabidopsis thaliana. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:8858-69. [PMID: 24723349 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2822-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of silver nanoparticles and silver ions on Arabidopsis thaliana was investigated at physiological and molecular levels. The seedlings were grown in sublethal concentrations of silver nanoparticles and silver ions (0.2, 0.5, and 1 mg/L) in 1/4 Hoagland's medium for 14 days under submerged hydroponic conditions. Significantly higher reduction in the total chlorophyll and increase in anthocyanin content were observed after exposure to 0.5 and 1 mg/L silver nanoparticles as compared to similar concentrations of silver ions. Lipid peroxidation increased significantly after exposure to 0.2, 0.5, and 1 mg/L of silver nanoparticles and 0.5 and 1 mg/L of silver ions. Qualitative analysis with dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate and rhodamine 123 fluorescence showed a dose-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species production and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential in the roots of seedlings exposed to different concentrations of silver nanoparticles. Real-time PCR analysis showed significant upregulation in the expression of sulfur assimilation, glutathione biosynthesis, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase genes upon exposure to silver nanoparticles as compared with silver ions. Overall, based on the physiological and molecular level responses, it was observed that exposure to silver nanoparticles exerted more toxic response than silver ions in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash M Gopalakrishnan Nair
- Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea
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75
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Chen S, Theodorou IG, Goode AE, Gow A, Schwander S, Zhang J(J, Chung KF, Tetley TD, Shaffer MS, Ryan MP, Porter AE. High-resolution analytical electron microscopy reveals cell culture media-induced changes to the chemistry of silver nanowires. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:13813-21. [PMID: 24160871 PMCID: PMC3989148 DOI: 10.1021/es403264d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing concern about the potential adverse effects on human health upon exposure to engineered silver nanomaterials (particles, wires, and plates). However, the majority of studies testing the toxicity of silver nanomaterials have examined nominally "as-synthesized" materials without considering the fate of the materials in biologically relevant fluids. Here, in-house silver nanowires (AgNWs) were prepared by a modified polyol process and were incubated in three cell culture media (DMEM, RPMI-1640, and DCCM-1) to examine the impact of AgNW-medium interactions on the physicochemical properties of the AgNWs. High-resolution analytical transmission electron microscopy revealed that Ag2S crystals form on the surface of AgNWs within 1 h of incubation in DCCM-1. In contrast, the incubation of AgNWs in RPMI-1640 or DMEM did not lead to sulfidation. When the DCCM-1 cell culture medium was separated into its small molecule solutes and salts and protein components, the AgNWs were found to sulfidize in the fraction containing small molecule solutes and salts but not in the fraction containing the protein component of the media. Further investigation showed the AgNWs did not readily sulfidize in the presence of isolated sulfur containing amino acids or proteins, such as cysteine or bovine serum albumin (BSA). The results demonstrate that the AgNWs can be transformed by the media before and during the incubation with cells, and therefore, the effects of cell culture media must be considered in the analysis of toxicity assays. Appropriate media and material controls must be in place to allow accurate predictions about the toxicity and, ultimately, the health risk of this commercially relevant class of nanomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Chen
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ioannis G. Theodorou
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Angela E. Goode
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andrew Gow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology at Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Stephan Schwander
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Medicine and Dentistry (UMDNJ) School of Public Health, New Jersey, USA
| | - Junfeng (Jim) Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - Milo S. Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mary P. Ryan
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- (M.P.R.) Phone: (+44)2075946755; fax: (+44)2075945017;
| | - Alexandra E. Porter
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- (A.E.P.) Phone: (+44)2075949691; fax: (+44)2075945017;
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Chen S, Goode AE, Sweeney S, Theodorou IG, Thorley AJ, Ruenraroengsak P, Chang Y, Gow A, Schwander S, Skepper J, Zhang JJ, Shaffer MS, Chung KF, Tetley TD, Ryan MP, Porter AE. Sulfidation of silver nanowires inside human alveolar epithelial cells: a potential detoxification mechanism. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:9839-47. [PMID: 23970174 PMCID: PMC4337028 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr03205a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are being developed for use in optoelectronics. However before widespread usage, it is crucial to determine their potential effects on human health. It is accepted that Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) exert toxic effects by releasing Ag(+) ions, but much less is known about whether Ag(+) reacts with compounds, or any downstream bioactive effects of transformed AgNPs. Analytical high-resolution transmission electron microscopy has been employed to elucidate cellular uptake and reactivity of AgNWs inside human alveolar epithelial type 1-like cells. AgNWs were observed in the cytoplasm and membrane-bound vesicles, and precipitation of Ag2S within the cell occurred after 1 h exposure. Cell viability studies showed no evidence of cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species were not observed on exposure of cells to AgNWs. We suggest that Ag2S formation acts as a 'trap' for free Ag(+), significantly limiting short-term toxicological effects - with important consequences for the safety of Ag-nanomaterials to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Chen
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Baratli Y, Charles AL, Wolff V, Ben Tahar L, Smiri L, Bouitbir J, Zoll J, Piquard F, Tebourbi O, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H, Geny B. Impact of iron oxide nanoparticles on brain, heart, lung, liver and kidneys mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes activities and coupling. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:2142-8. [PMID: 24055893 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) on mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes activities in five organs characterized by different oxidative capacities and strongly involved in body detoxification. Isolated mitochondria were extracted from brain, heart, lung, liver and kidneys in twelve Wistar rats (8 weeks) using differential centrifugations. Maximal oxidative capacities (Vmax), mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes activity using succinate (Vsucc, complexes II, III, and IV activities) or N, N, N', N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediaminedihydrochloride (tmpd)/ascorbate (Vtmpd, complex IV activity) and, mitochondrial coupling (Vmax/Vo) were determined in controls and after exposure to 100, 200, 300 and 500μg/ml Fe3O4. Data showed that baseline maximal oxidative capacities were 26.3±4.7, 48.9±4.6, 11.3±1.3, 27.0±2.5 and 13.4±1.7μmol O2/min/g protein in brain, heart, lung, liver, and kidneys mitochondria, respectively. Complexes II, III, and IV activities also significantly differed between the five organs. Interestingly, as compared to baseline values and in all tissues examined, exposure to ION did not alter mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes activities whatever the nanoparticles (NPs) concentration used. Thus, ION did not show any toxicity on mitochondrial coupling and respiratory chain complexes I, II, III, and IV activities in these five major organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Baratli
- Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, EA 3072: Mitochondries, Stress oxydant et Protection musculaire, Faculté de Médecine, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia
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Kang K, Jung H, Lim JS. Cell Death by Polyvinylpyrrolidine-Coated Silver Nanoparticles is Mediated by ROS-Dependent Signaling. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 20:399-405. [PMID: 24009827 PMCID: PMC3762268 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.4.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used nanoparticles and they are mainly used in antibacterial and personal care products. In this study, we evaluated the effect of AgNPs on cell death induction in the murine dendritic cell line DC2.4. DC2.4 cells exposed to AgNPs showed a marked decrease in cell viability and an induction of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, AgNPs promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent apoptosis and AgNP-induced ROS triggered a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. The activation of the intracellular signal transduction pathway was also observed in cells cultured with AgNPs. Taken together, our data demonstrate that AgNPs are able to induce a cytotoxic effect in DCs through ROS generation. This study provides important information about the safety of AgNPs that may help in guiding the development of nanotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongah Kang
- Department of Biological Science and the Research Center for Women's Disease, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
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79
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Correia Carreira S, Walker L, Paul K, Saunders M. The toxicity, transport and uptake of nanoparticles in thein vitroBeWo b30 placental cell barrier model used within NanoTEST. Nanotoxicology 2013; 9 Suppl 1:66-78. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.833317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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80
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Lee TY, Liu MS, Huang LJ, Lue SI, Lin LC, Kwan AL, Yang RC. Bioenergetic failure correlates with autophagy and apoptosis in rat liver following silver nanoparticle intraperitoneal administration. Part Fibre Toxicol 2013; 10:40. [PMID: 23958063 PMCID: PMC3765627 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-10-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deposition and accumulation of silver nanoparticles (Ag-nps) in the liver have been shown to induce hepatotoxicity in animal studies. The hepatotoxicity may include oxidative stress, abnormalities in energy metabolism, and cell death. Studies have indicated that autophagy is an intracellular event involving balance of energy, nutrients, and turnover of subcellular organelles. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that autophagy plays a role in mediating hepatotoxicity in animal after exposure to Ag-nps. Focus was placed on interrelationship between energy metabolism, autophagy, apoptosis and hepatic dysfunction. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with Ag-nps (10-30 nm in diameter) at concentration of 500 mg kg(-1). All animals were sacrificed on days 1, 4, 7, 10 and 30 after exposure and blood and liver tissues were collected for further studies. RESULTS Uptake of Ag-nps was quite prompt and not proportional to the blood Ag concentration. Declination of ATP (-64% in days 1) and autophagy (determined by LC3-II protein expression and morphological evaluation) increased and peaked on the first day. The ATP content remained at low level even though the autophagy has been activated. Apoptosis (based on caspase-3 protein expression and TUNEL-positive cells staining) began to rise sigmoidally at days 1 and 4, reached a peak level at day 7, and remained at the same levels during days 7-30 post exposure. Meanwhile, autophagy exhibited a gradual decrease from days 1-10 and the decrease at day 30 was statistically significant as compared to day 0 (sham group). Inflammatory reaction (histopathological evaluation) was found at day 10 and preceded to an advanced degree at day 30 when liver function was impaired. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that following Ag-nps administration, autophagy was induced; however, failure to preserve autophagy compounded with energy reduction led to apoptosis and the eventual impairment of liver function. The study provides an in-vivo evidence of hepatotoxicity by continuous exposure of Ag-nps in rats.
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81
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van Aerle R, Lange A, Moorhouse A, Paszkiewicz K, Ball K, Johnston BD, de-Bastos E, Booth T, Tyler CR, Santos EM. Molecular mechanisms of toxicity of silver nanoparticles in zebrafish embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:8005-14. [PMID: 23758687 PMCID: PMC3854648 DOI: 10.1021/es401758d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles cause toxicity in exposed organisms and are an environmental health concern. The mechanisms of silver nanoparticle toxicity, however, remain unclear. We examined the effects of exposure to silver in nano-, bulk-, and ionic forms on zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) using a Next Generation Sequencing approach in an Illumina platform (High-Throughput SuperSAGE). Significant alterations in gene expression were found for all treatments and many of the gene pathways affected, most notably those associated with oxidative phosphorylation and protein synthesis, overlapped strongly between the three treatments indicating similar mechanisms of toxicity for the three forms of silver studied. Changes in oxidative phosphorylation indicated a down-regulation of this pathway at 24 h of exposure, but with a recovery at 48 h. This finding was consistent with a dose-dependent decrease in oxygen consumption at 24 h, but not at 48 h, following exposure to silver ions. Overall, our data provide support for the hypothesis that the toxicity caused by silver nanoparticles is principally associated with bioavailable silver ions in exposed zebrafish embryos. These findings are important in the evaluation of the risk that silver particles may pose to exposed vertebrate organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny van Aerle
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
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82
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Nair PMG, Park SY, Choi J. Evaluation of the effect of silver nanoparticles and silver ions using stress responsive gene expression in Chironomus riparius. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 92:592-599. [PMID: 23664472 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are extensively used in many commercial products because of their antimicrobial properties and they are therefore released into the environment from various products. A number of genes, especially those representing antioxidant and detoxification pathways, have potential application for studying mechanism of action of environmental pollutants at molecular level. In the present study, the stress responsive transcription of antioxidant and detoxification genes in response to AgNPs and Ag(+) ions exposure is studied in the ecotoxicologically important model species Chironomus riparius. The selected genes were superoxide dismutases (CuZnSOD and MnSOD), catalase (CAT), phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase 1 (PHGPx1), thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), and delta-3, sigma-4 and epsilon-1 classes of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). The mRNA expression levels of each gene were determined after exposure of animals for 24h to three different AgNP and Ag(+) ion concentrations using Real-Time PCR method. Significant up-regulation of CuZnSOD and MnSOD was found after exposure to Ag(+) ions and AgNPs, respectively. The transcript levels of CAT, PHGPx1 and TrxR1 were significantly up-regulated only after exposure to AgNPs and no significant change was observed after exposure to Ag(+) ions. The expression levels of all the GSTs were more pronounced after exposure to AgNPs as compared to Ag(+) ions. The overall results suggest that AgNPs led to pronounced induction of genes related to oxidative stress and detoxification than Ag(+) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash M Gopalakrishnan Nair
- School of Environmental Engineering and Graduate School of Energy and Environmental System Engineering, University of Seoul, 90 Jeonnong-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea
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83
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Nanosilver: application and novel aspects of toxicology. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:569-76. [PMID: 23344422 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-1007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are a challenge to toxicology. The high diversity of novel materials and products will require extensive expertize for evaluation and regulatory efforts. Nanomaterials are of substantial scientific and economic potential. Here, we will focus on nanosilver, a material not only with medical applications, but a rapidly increasing use in surprisingly many products. Consequently, toxicological evaluation has to cover an increasing range of complex topics. The toxicology of nanosilver is advancing rapidly; regulatory efforts by Federal Drug Agency and European Environment Protection Agencies are substantial. Current toxicological data, ranging from in vitro studies with cell lines to rodent experiments and ecological evaluation, are numerous, and many groups are providing continuously new data. However, standard classification based on nanosize only is neglecting nanoshape, which adds another level of complexity to the analysis of biological effects. A surprising neglect in nanosilver toxicology so far is the analysis of effects of nanosilver on amyloidosis. Amyloid diseases are widespread in humans and a severe health hazard. The known potential of silver to stimulate amyloidosis in rodents will require a timely and balanced evaluation of nanosilvers.
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84
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Grade S, Eberhard J, Neumeister A, Wagener P, Winkel A, Stiesch M, Barcikowski S. Serum albumin reduces the antibacterial and cytotoxic effects of hydrogel-embedded colloidal silver nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20546g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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85
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Yildirimer L, Thanh NT, Loizidou M, Seifalian AM. Toxicology and clinical potential of nanoparticles. NANO TODAY 2011; 6:585-607. [PMID: 23293661 PMCID: PMC3533686 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nanoparticles (NPs) have increasingly found practical applications in technology, research and medicine. The small particle size coupled to their unique chemical and physical properties is thought to underlie their exploitable biomedical activities. Here, we review current toxicity studies of NPs with clinical potential. Mechanisms of cytotoxicity are discussed and the problem of extrapolating knowledge gained from cell-based studies into a human scenario is highlighted. The so-called 'proof-of-principle' approach, whereby ultra-high NP concentrations are used to ensure cytotoxicity, is evaluated on the basis of two considerations; firstly, from a scientific perspective, the concentrations used are in no way related to the actual doses required which, in many instances, discourages further vital investigations. Secondly, these inaccurate results cast doubt on the science of nanomedicine and thus, quite dangerously, encourage unnecessary alarm in the public. In this context, the discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo results are described along with the need for a unifying protocol for reliable and realistic toxicity reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Yildirimer
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nguyen T.K. Thanh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- The Davy Faraday Research Laboratory, The Royal Institution of Great Britain, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Marilena Loizidou
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander M. Seifalian
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
- Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust Hospital, London, UK
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86
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Thounaojam MC, Jadeja RN, Valodkar M, Nagar PS, Devkar RV, Thakore S. Oxidative stress induced apoptosis of human lung carcinoma (A549) cells by a novel copper nanorod formulation. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:2990-6. [PMID: 21820027 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study elucidates the process of synthesis of copper (Cu) nanorods using almond skin extract as stabilizing cum capping agent. These nanorods were (about 200 nm long and 40 nm wide) characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Further, cytotoxicity potential of these nanorods was evaluated in A549 cells (Human lung carcinoma cell line) via cell viability assay and extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Also, reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), cellular oxidative stress (Rhodamine 123 florescence) and apoptosis (Annexin V FITC/Propidium iodide staining) were also investigated in control and treated cells. Results indicated that Cu nanorods induced apoptotic death of cancer cells by induction of oxidative stress, depletion of cellular antioxidants and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study reports a novel process of synthesis of almond skin extract capped Cu nanorods and its potential as an anticancer agent against A549 lung carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menaka C Thounaojam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
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Kang K, Lim DH, Choi IH, Kang T, Lee K, Moon EY, Yang Y, Lee MS, Lim JS. Vascular tube formation and angiogenesis induced by polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silver nanoparticles. Toxicol Lett 2011; 205:227-34. [PMID: 21729742 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most commonly used nanomaterials due to their antibacterial properties. In this study, we examined the effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated AgNPs (average size 2.3nm) on angiogenesis in both an in vivo model and an in vitro endothelial cell line, SVEC4-10. Increased angiogenesis was detected around the injection site of AgNP-containing Matrigel in vivo. AgNPs also increased the infiltration of endothelial cells and the hemoglobin (Hb) content in AgNP-Matrigel plugs implanted into mice. AgNPs induced endothelial cell tube formation on growth factor-reduced Matrigel, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and production of angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide (NO), in SVEC4-10 cells. In addition, AgNPs promoted the activation of FAK, Akt, ERK1/2, and p38, which are all involved in VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-mediated signaling. Finally, AgNP-treated tumors caused angiogenesis around tumors in B16F10 melanomas after they were injected into mice, and the Hb concentration in the tumors increased in a concentration-dependent manner with AgNP treatment. Thus, our study suggests that exposure to AgNPs can cause angiogenesis through the production of angiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongah Kang
- Department of Biological Science and the Research Center for Women's Disease, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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88
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Assessment of the toxicity of silver nanoparticles in vitro: A mitochondrial perspective. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:664-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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