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Maternal alterations in the proteome of the medial prefrontal cortex in rat. J Proteomics 2016; 153:65-77. [PMID: 27233742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteomic differences between rat dams and control mothers deprived of their pups immediately after delivery were investigated in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). A 2-D DIGE minimal dye technique combined with LC-MS/MS identified 32 different proteins that showed significant changes in expression in the mPFC, of which, 25 were upregulated and 7 were downregulated in dams. The identity of one significantly increased protein, the small heat-shock protein alpha-crystallin B chain (Cryab), was confirmed via Western blot analysis. Alpha-crystallin B chain was distributed in scattered cells in the mPFC, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, it was found to be localized in parvalbumin-containing neurons using double labeling. The elevation of its mRNA level in rat dams was also demonstrated via RT-PCR. The functional classification of the altered proteins was conducted using the UniProt and Gene Ontology protein databases. The identified proteins predominantly participate in synaptic transport and plasticity, neuron development, oxidative stress and apoptosis, and cytoskeleton organization. A common regulator and target analysis of these proteins determined using the Elsevier Pathway Studio Platform suggests that protein level changes associated with pup nursing are driven by growth factors and cytokines, while the MAP kinase pathway was identified as a common target. A high proportion of the proteins that were found to be altered in the mPFC are associated with depression. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The behavior and emotional state of females change robustly when they become mothers. The brain, which governs these changes, may also undergo molecular alterations in mothers. As no proteomics approaches have been applied regarding maternal changes in the brain, we addressed this issue in the mPFC as this brain area is the uppermost cortical center of maternal control and the associated mood changes. The high number of protein-level alterations found between mothers taking care of their litter and those without pups indicates that pup nursing is associated with cortical protein-level changes. Alterations in proteins participating in synaptic transport, plasticity and neuron development suggest neuroplastic changes in the maternal brain. In turn, the relatively high number of altered proteins in the mPFC associated with depression suggests that the physiological effects of the protein-level alterations in the maternal mPFC could promote the incidence of postpartum depression. Cryab, a protein confirmed to be increased during maternal behaviors, was selectively found in parvalbumin cells, which, as fast-spiking interneurons, are associated with depression. The function of Cryab should be further investigated to establish whether it can be used to identify drug targets for future drug development.
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Lhullier AC, Moreira FP, da Silva RA, Marques MB, Bittencourt G, Pinheiro RT, Souza LDM, Portela LV, Lara DR, Jansen K, Wiener CD, Oses JP. Increased serum neurotrophin levels related to alcohol use disorder in a young population sample. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 39:30-3. [PMID: 25623403 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of alcohol use disorder is based on clinical signs and on the measurement of biological markers. However, these markers are neither sufficiently sensitive, nor specific enough, for determining the effects of alcohol abuse on the central nervous system. Serum neurotrophins are important regulators of neural survival, development, function, and plasticity and have been found to be reduced in alcohol use disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the alterations in serum neurotrophin levels (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], glial-derived neurotrophic factor [GDNF], and nerve growth factor [NGF]) in alcohol use disorder in a young population, and thus possibly representing the early stages of the illness. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, nested in a population-based study of people aged 18 to 35, involving 795 participants. The participants responded to the CAGE questionnaire, and a CAGE score of ≥2 was considered to be a positive screen for the abuse/dependence or moderate to severe alcohol use disorder. Serum BDNF, GDNF, and NGF levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS In the CAGE ≥ 2 group, GDNF (p ≤ 0.001) and NGF (p ≤ 0.001) serum levels were significantly increased, and the BDNF elevation was near a statistical significance (p = 0.068) when compared to the CAGE < 2 group. A significantly positive correlation was observed only in the CAGE ≥ 2 group for BDNF/GDNF (r = 0.37, p < 0.001) and GDNF/NGF (r = 0.84, p < 0.001) levels. The correlation between the NGF and BDNF levels was significantly positive in both groups (r = 0.28, p < 0.001 for the CAGE < 2 group, and r = 0.30, p = 0.008 for the CAGE ≥ 2 group). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that elevated neurotrophins are candidate markers for the early stages of alcohol misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo C Lhullier
- Escola de Psicologia, Centro de Ciências da Vida e da Saúde, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Ogłodek EA, Just MJ, Szromek AR, Araszkiewicz A. Melatonin and neurotrophins NT-3, BDNF, NGF in patients with varying levels of depression severity. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:945-51. [PMID: 27367919 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disrupted circadian rhythm of melatonin secretion in depression shows a relationship with the exacerbation of inflammatory processes. Proinflammatory mechanisms of depression are sustained by oxidative stress. This contributes to melatonin deficiency and to the malfunction of the defense mechanisms in the brain. Disrupted melatonin secretion in depression may have an influence on the concentrations of neurotrophic factors (NF), such as neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF). Disturbance in neurotrophin release may affect synaptic plasticity and cause exacerbation of neurodegenerative processes in the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to assess the concentrations of melatonin and NF of the brain in patients with varying levels of depression severity. METHOD 160 males and females were enrolled in the study, 120 of whom were diagnosed with various types of depression. The control group comprised 40 healthy individuals. At 3:00a.m. all patients had salivary melatonin concentrations determined utilizing a competitive enzyme immunoassay technique (ELISA). In addition, at 7:00a.m. all patients had serum neurotrophin (NT-3, BDNF, NGF) concentrations determined by means of ELISA. RESULTS The highest melatonin secretion was observed at 3:00a.m. in severely depressed females. In the groups with mild and moderate depression, melatonin secretion at 3:00a.m. was comparable between males and females. In addition, a decrease in the concentrations of neurotrophins was revealed in patients at all levels of depression severity. CONCLUSION Melatonin may be a significant marker of depression severity. Melatonin and NF in depressed patients show neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa A Ogłodek
- Department of Psychiatry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Marek J Just
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Municipal Hospital in Piekary Śląskie, Piekary Śląskie, Poland
| | - Adam R Szromek
- Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Aleksander Araszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
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Nase S, Köhler S, Jennebach J, Eckert A, Schweinfurth N, Gallinat J, Lang UE, Kühn S. Role of Serum Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Central N-Acetylaspartate for Clinical Response under Antidepressive Pharmacotherapy. Neurosignals 2016; 24:1-14. [DOI: 10.1159/000442607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Tremolizzo L, Pellegrini A, Conti E, Arosio A, Gerardi F, Lunetta C, Magni P, Appollonio I, Ferrarese C. BDNF Serum Levels with Respect to Multidimensional Assessment in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. NEURODEGENER DIS 2016; 16:192-8. [DOI: 10.1159/000441916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Brummelte S, Galea LAM. Postpartum depression: Etiology, treatment and consequences for maternal care. Horm Behav 2016; 77:153-66. [PMID: 26319224 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "Parental Care". Pregnancy and postpartum are associated with dramatic alterations in steroid and peptide hormones which alter the mothers' hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic pituitary gonadal (HPG) axes. Dysregulations in these endocrine axes are related to mood disorders and as such it should not come as a major surprise that pregnancy and the postpartum period can have profound effects on maternal mood. Indeed, pregnancy and postpartum are associated with an increased risk for developing depressive symptoms in women. Postpartum depression affects approximately 10-15% of women and impairs mother-infant interactions that in turn are important for child development. Maternal attachment, sensitivity and parenting style are essential for a healthy maturation of an infant's social, cognitive and behavioral skills and depressed mothers often display less attachment, sensitivity and more harsh or disrupted parenting behaviors, which may contribute to reports of adverse child outcomes in children of depressed mothers. Here we review, in honor of the "father of motherhood", Jay Rosenblatt, the literature on postnatal depression in the mother and its effect on mother-infant interactions. We will cover clinical and pre-clinical findings highlighting putative neurobiological mechanisms underlying postpartum depression and how they relate to maternal behaviors and infant outcome. We also review animal models that investigate the neurobiology of maternal mood and disrupted maternal care. In particular, we discuss the implications of endogenous and exogenous manipulations of glucocorticoids on maternal care and mood. Lastly we discuss interventions during gestation and postpartum that may improve maternal symptoms and behavior and thus may alter developmental outcome of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liisa A M Galea
- Dept. of Psychology, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Young JJ, Silber T, Bruno D, Galatzer-Levy IR, Pomara N, Marmar CR. Is there Progress? An Overview of Selecting Biomarker Candidates for Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:72. [PMID: 27199779 PMCID: PMC4843170 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) contributes to a significant worldwide disease burden, expected to be second only to heart disease by 2050. However, accurate diagnosis has been a historical weakness in clinical psychiatry. As a result, there is a demand for diagnostic modalities with greater objectivity that could improve on current psychiatric practice that relies mainly on self-reporting of symptoms and clinical interviews. Over the past two decades, literature on a growing number of putative biomarkers for MDD increasingly suggests that MDD patients have significantly different biological profiles compared to healthy controls. However, difficulty in elucidating their exact relationships within depression pathology renders individual markers inconsistent diagnostic tools. Consequently, further biomarker research could potentially improve our understanding of MDD pathophysiology as well as aid in interpreting response to treatment, narrow differential diagnoses, and help refine current MDD criteria. Representative of this, multiplex assays using multiple sources of biomarkers are reported to be more accurate options in comparison to individual markers that exhibit lower specificity and sensitivity, and are more prone to confounding factors. In the future, more sophisticated multiplex assays may hold promise for use in screening and diagnosing depression and determining clinical severity as an advance over relying solely on current subjective diagnostic criteria. A pervasive limitation in existing research is heterogeneity inherent in MDD studies, which impacts the validity of biomarker data. Additionally, small sample sizes of most studies limit statistical power. Yet, as the RDoC project evolves to decrease these limitations, and stronger studies with more generalizable data are developed, significant advances in the next decade are expected to yield important information in the development of MDD biomarkers for use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Joseph Young
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tim Silber
- Nathan Kline Institute , Orangeburg, NY , USA
| | - Davide Bruno
- Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
| | | | - Nunzio Pomara
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; NYU Cohen Veterans Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Raymond Marmar
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; NYU Cohen Veterans Center, New York, NY, USA
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58
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Wiener CD, de Mello Ferreira S, Pedrotti Moreira F, Bittencourt G, de Oliveira JF, Lopez Molina M, Jansen K, de Mattos Souza LD, Rizzato Lara D, Portela LV, da Silva RA, Oses JP. Serum levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) in patients with major depression disorder and suicide risk. J Affect Disord 2015; 184:245-8. [PMID: 26118751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is an important member of the neurotrophins group and their involvement in the pathophysiology of major depression disorder (MDD) and suicide risk (SR) has been recently suggested. The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in NGF serum levels in individuals with MDD and with or without risk of suicide, in subjects from a young population-based sample. This is a paired cross-sectional study nested in a population-based study. Individuals were rated for MDD and SR by a diagnostic interview--Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I). The total population of the sample was comprised of 141 subjects distributed in three groups: 47 healthy controls, 47 subjects with current depressive episode without SR (MDD) and 47 subjects with current depressive episode and with SR (MDD + SR). NGF serum levels were significantly reduced in the MDD and MDD + SR groups when compared with controls (p ≤ 0.001). However, there were no differences in NGF levels between the MDD and MDD + SR groups (p = 1.000). These results suggest that reduced NGF serum levels can be a possible biomarker of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina David Wiener
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Centro de Ciências da Vida e da Saúde, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Av. Gonçalves Chaves 373, 96015-560 Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Sharon de Mello Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Centro de Ciências da Vida e da Saúde, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Av. Gonçalves Chaves 373, 96015-560 Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Pedrotti Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Centro de Ciências da Vida e da Saúde, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Av. Gonçalves Chaves 373, 96015-560 Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Guilherme Bittencourt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Centro de Ciências da Vida e da Saúde, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Av. Gonçalves Chaves 373, 96015-560 Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Jacqueline Flores de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Centro de Ciências da Vida e da Saúde, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Av. Gonçalves Chaves 373, 96015-560 Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Mariane Lopez Molina
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Centro de Ciências da Vida e da Saúde, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Av. Gonçalves Chaves 373, 96015-560 Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Karen Jansen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Centro de Ciências da Vida e da Saúde, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Av. Gonçalves Chaves 373, 96015-560 Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Luciano Dias de Mattos Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Centro de Ciências da Vida e da Saúde, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Av. Gonçalves Chaves 373, 96015-560 Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Diogo Rizzato Lara
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Pontifícia Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Luiz Valmor Portela
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ramiro Barcelos 2600, 90035-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Azevedo da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Centro de Ciências da Vida e da Saúde, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Av. Gonçalves Chaves 373, 96015-560 Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Jean Pierre Oses
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Centro de Ciências da Vida e da Saúde, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Av. Gonçalves Chaves 373, 96015-560 Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
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Kreinin A, Lisson S, Nesher E, Schneider J, Bergman J, Farhat K, Farah J, Lejbkowicz F, Yadid G, Raskin L, Koman I, Pinhasov A. Blood BDNF level is gender specific in severe depression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127643. [PMID: 26010085 PMCID: PMC4444333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Though the role of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a marker for major depressive disorder (MDD) and antidepressant efficacy has been widely studied, the role of BDNF in distinct groups of patients remains unclear. We evaluated the diagnostic value of BDNF as a marker of disease severity measured by HAM-D scores and antidepressants efficacy among MDD patients. Fifty-one patients who met DSM-IV criteria for MDD and were prescribed antidepressants and 38 controls participated in this study. BDNF in serum was measured at baseline, 1st, 2nd and 8th treatment weeks. Depression severity was evaluated using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). BDNF polymorphism rs6265 (val66met) was genotyped. We found a positive correlation between blood BDNF levels and severity of depression only among untreated women with severe MDD (HAM-D>24). Serum BDNF levels were lower in untreated MDD patients compared to control group. Antidepressants increased serum BDNF levels and reduced between-group differences after two weeks of treatment. No correlations were observed between BDNF polymorphism, depression severity, duration of illness, age and BDNF serum levels. Further supporting the role of BDNF in the pathology and treatment of MDD, we suggest that it should not be used as a universal biomarker for diagnosis of MDD in the general population. However, it has diagnostic value for the assessment of disease progression and treatment efficacy in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Kreinin
- Maale HaCarmel Mental Health Center, Tirat HaCarmel, affiliated to Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Serah Lisson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Elimelech Nesher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Jenny Schneider
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Josef Bergman
- Maale HaCarmel Mental Health Center, Tirat HaCarmel, affiliated to Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kamal Farhat
- The Nazareth Hospital, EMMS, affiliated with Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Nazareth, Israel
| | - Joseph Farah
- The Nazareth Hospital, EMMS, affiliated with Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Nazareth, Israel
| | - Flavio Lejbkowicz
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit Health Services, National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gal Yadid
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Leon Raskin
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Igor Koman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Albert Pinhasov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Lin PY, Tseng PT. Decreased glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor levels in patients with depression: a meta-analytic study. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 63:20-7. [PMID: 25726496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been shown to promote development, differentiation, and protection of CNS neurons and was thought to play an important role in various neuropsychiatric disorders. Several studies have examined the GDNF levels in patients with depression but shown inconsistent results. In this study, we compared blood GDNF levels between depressive patients and control subjects through meta-analytic method. The effect sizes (ESs) from all eligible studies were synthesized by using a random effect model. In this meta-analysis, we included 526 patients and 502 control subjects from 12 original articles. Compared to control subjects, blood GDNF levels are significantly decreased in patients with depression (ES = -0.62, p = 0.0011). However, significant heterogeneity was found among included studies. Through subgroup analysis, we found that GDNF was still decreased in studies with major depressive disorder (ES = -0.73, p = 0.0001); in studies with non-old-age depression (ES = -1.25, p = 0.0001), but not with old-age depression; and in studies using serum samples (ES = -0.86, p < 0.0001), but not in studies using plasma sample. Meta-regression did not show moderating effects of mean age of subjects, gender distribution, and age of onset of depression. Our findings support blood GDNF levels as a biomarker of depression as a whole, but the results were modulated by psychiatric diagnosis, age of included subjects, and sampling sources. With these results, future studies are required to examine whether effective antidepressant treatment is associated with an increase in serum GDNF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Yen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Tao Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home, Taiwan
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61
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Fung J, Gelaye B, Zhong QY, Rondon MB, Sanchez SE, Barrios YV, Hevner K, Qiu C, Williams MA. Association of decreased serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations in early pregnancy with antepartum depression. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:43. [PMID: 25886523 PMCID: PMC4364091 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antepartum depression is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality in the prenatal period. There is accumulating evidence for the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the pathophysiology of depression. The present study examines the extent to which maternal early pregnancy serum BDNF levels are associated with antepartum depression. METHOD A total of 968 women were recruited and interviewed in early pregnancy. Antepartum depression prevalence and symptom severity were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale. Maternal serum BDNF levels were measured using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Logistic regression procedures were performed to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) adjusted for confounders. RESULTS Maternal early pregnancy serum BDNF levels were significantly lower in women with antepartum depression compared to women without depression (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: 20.78 ± 5.97 vs. 21.85 ± 6.42 ng/ml, p = 0.024). Lower BDNF levels were associated with increased odds of maternal antepartum depression. After adjusting for confounding, women whose serum BDNF levels were in the lowest three quartiles (<17.32 ng/ml) had 1.61-fold increased odds (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.30) of antepartum depression as compared with women whose BDNF levels were in the highest quartile (>25.31 ng/ml). There was no evidence of an association of BDNF levels with depression symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS Lower maternal serum BDNF levels in early pregnancy are associated with antepartum depression. These findings may point toward new therapeutic opportunities and BDNF should be assessed as a potential biomarker for risk prediction and monitoring response to treatment for antepartum depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Fung
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Bizu Gelaye
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Qiu-Yue Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Marta B Rondon
- Department of Medicine, Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University, Lima, Peru.
| | - Sixto E Sanchez
- Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru. .,Asociación Civil PROESA, Lima, Peru.
| | - Yasmin V Barrios
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Karin Hevner
- Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Chunfang Qiu
- Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Michelle A Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Maheu M, Lopez JP, Crapper L, Davoli MA, Turecki G, Mechawar N. MicroRNA regulation of central glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) signalling in depression. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e511. [PMID: 25689572 PMCID: PMC4445749 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although multiple studies have reported that peripheral glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is reduced in depression, cerebral GDNF signalling has yet to be examined in this condition. Here, we report an isoform-specific decrease in GDNF family receptor alpha 1 (GFRA1) mRNA expression, resulting in lowered GFRα1a protein levels in basolateral amygdala (BLA) samples from depressed subjects. Downregulation of GFRα1a was associated with increased expression of microRNAs, including miR-511, predicted to bind to long 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR)-containing transcripts (GFRA1-L) coding for GFRα1a. Transfection of human neural progenitor cells (NPCs) with a miR-511 mimic was sufficient to repress GFRA1-L/GFRα1a without altering GFRα1b, and resulted in pathway-specific changes in immediate early gene activity. Unexpectedly, GFRα1a knockdown did not reduce NPC responses to GDNF. Rather, it greatly enhanced mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling. This effect appeared to be mediated by GDNF/soluble GFRα1/neural cell adhesion molecule binding, and substituting the soluble GFRα1a/GFRα1b content of miR-511-transfected NPCs with that of controls rescued signalling. In light of previous reports suggesting that GFRα1b can inhibit GFRα1a-induced neuroplasticity, we also assessed the association between GFRα1 and doublecortin (DCX; a hyperplastic marker) in human BLA. Although controls displayed coordinated expression of GFRα1a and b isoforms and these correlated positively with DCX, the only significant association observed among depressed subjects was a strongly negative correlation between GFRα1b and DCX. Taken together, these results suggest that microRNA-mediated reductions of GFRα1a in depression change the quality, rather than the quantity, of GDNF signalling. They also suggest that central GDNF signalling may represent a novel target for antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maheu
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J P Lopez
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - L Crapper
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M A Davoli
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - G Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - N Mechawar
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, FBC Pavilion, Verdun, QC, Canada H4H1R3. E-mail:
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63
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Chen YW, Lin PY, Tu KY, Cheng YS, Wu CK, Tseng PT. Significantly lower nerve growth factor levels in patients with major depressive disorder than in healthy subjects: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:925-33. [PMID: 25897228 PMCID: PMC4389916 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s81432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since its discovery several decades ago, nerve growth factor (NGF) has been found to play roles in different areas, such as neurology, endocrinology, and immunology. There is some evidence linking NGF and psychiatry, including the role of NGF in subjects' response to stress, the alteration of NGF in different emotional states, and the penetration of NGF across the blood-brain barrier under specific conditions. There are many inconsistent findings regarding the differences in NGF in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) at the present time. The aim of our study was to clarify whether NGF levels are different in MDD compared with healthy controls (HCs). METHODS We conducted a thorough literature search and compared peripheral NGF levels between MDD and HC through meta-analysis, and investigated possible confounding variables through meta-regression. RESULTS Seven studies were brought into the current meta-analysis comparing peripheral NGF in MDD and HCs. The main result was that the NGF levels were significantly lower in MDD than in HCs and that this had an inverse correlation with mean age and disease severity. In addition, meta-analysis of four articles found that the peripheral NGF levels did not change significantly before and after treatment. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the significant differences in peripheral NGF levels in patients with MDD. However, further exploration of the dynamic changes in peripheral NGF along with the disease course, and specific studies investigating the correlation of NGF in the peripheral and CNS environments are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Wen Chen
- Department of Neurology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ; Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yu Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shian Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Kuan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Tao Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Numakawa T, Richards M, Nakajima S, Adachi N, Furuta M, Odaka H, Kunugi H. The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in comorbid depression: possible linkage with steroid hormones, cytokines, and nutrition. Front Psychiatry 2014; 5:136. [PMID: 25309465 PMCID: PMC4175905 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates a connection between growth factor function (including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF), glucocorticoid levels (one of the steroid hormones), and the pathophysiology of depressive disorders. Because both BDNF and glucocorticoids regulate synaptic function in the central nervous system, their functional interaction is of major concern. Interestingly, alterations in levels of estrogen, another steroid hormone, may play a role in depressive-like behavior in postpartum females with fluctuations of BDNF-related molecules in the brain. BDNF and cytokines, which are protein regulators of inflammation, stimulate multiple intracellular signaling cascades involved in neuropsychiatric illness. Pro-inflammatory cytokines may increase vulnerability to depressive symptoms, such as the increased risk observed in patients with cancer and/or autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss the possible relationship between inflammation and depression, in addition to the cross-talk among cytokines, BDNF, and steroids. Further, since nutritional status has been shown to affect critical pathways involved in depression through both BDNF function and the monoamine system, we also review current evidence surrounding diet and supplementation (e.g., flavonoids) on BDNF-mediated brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiro Numakawa
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Misty Richards
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Shingo Nakajima
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Naoki Adachi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Miyako Furuta
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Haruki Odaka
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience , Tokyo , Japan
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