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Connor LE, Vassileiou AD, Halbert GW, Johnston BF, Oswald IDH. Structural investigation and compression of a co-crystal of indomethacin and saccharin. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00838a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Indomethacin : saccharin cocrystal has been studied under high pressure conditions and the amide interactions compared with previous high pressure studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Connor
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
- Collaborative International Research Programme: University of Strathclyde
| | | | - Gavin W. Halbert
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
- EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation
| | - Blair F. Johnston
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
- EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation
| | - Iain D. H. Oswald
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
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52
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The effects of pH, surfactant, ion concentration, coformer, and molecular arrangement on the solubility behavior of myricetin cocrystals. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:59-73. [PMID: 30766778 PMCID: PMC6361854 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical cocrystals are a promising technology that can be used to improve the solubility of poor aqueous compounds. The objective of this study was to systematically investigate the solubility of myricetin (MYR) cocrystals, including their kinetic solubility, thermodynamic solubility, and intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR). The effects of pH, surfactant, ion concentration, and coformers on the cocrystal solubility were evaluated. Furthermore, single crystal structures of MYR, myricetin–isonicotinamide (MYR–INM) and myricetin–caffeine (MYR–CAF) cocrystals were analyzed to discuss the possible reasons for the enhancement of cocrystal solubility from the perspective of the spatial structure. The results indicated that the kinetic solubility of MYR cocrystals was modulated by pH and cocrystal coformer (CCF) ionization in buffer solution, while it primarily depended on the CCF solubility in pure water. In addition, the solubility of MYR cocrystals was increased in a concentration dependent fashion by the surfactant or ion concentration. The thermodynamic solubility of MYR–INM (1:3) cocrystals decreased with the increases of the pH value of the dissolution media. The IDR of MYR cocrystals was faster than that of MYR in the same medium and extremely fast in pH 4.5 buffer. The improved solubility of MYR cocrystals was probably related to the alternate arrangements of MYR and INM/CAF molecules and increased intermolecular distance. The present study provides some references to investigate the solubility behavior of pharmaceutical cocrystals.
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Key Words
- API, active pharmaceutical ingredient
- CAF, caffeine
- CCF, cocrystal coformer
- CCF, coformer
- CSC, critical stabilization concentration
- Cocrystal solubility
- Coformer
- Crystal structure
- Ctr, transition concentration
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- IDR, intrinsic dissolution rate
- INM, isonicotinamide
- Ksp, solubility product
- MYR, myricetin
- MYR–CAF, myricetin–caffeine
- MYR–INM, myricetin–isonicotinamide
- Myricetin
- NIC, nicotinamide
- PRO, proline
- PXRD, powder X-ray diffraction
- pH
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Dong B, Tang J, Guo Z, Zhu Y, Yao S. Simultaneous recovery of ionic liquid and bioactive alkaloids with same tropane nucleus through an unusual co-crystal after extraction. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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55
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Shaikh R, Singh R, Walker GM, Croker DM. Pharmaceutical Cocrystal Drug Products: An Outlook on Product Development. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:1033-1048. [PMID: 30376967 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are most commonly formulated and delivered to patients in the solid state. Recently, an alternative API solid-state form, namely the pharmaceutical cocrystal, has witnessed increasing academic and industrial interest due to its potential to deliver bespoke physical properties in the pharmaceutical drug product. This interest has been supported by advances in cocrystal discovery, development, and approval, enabled primarily by a supportive new FDA guidance in February 2018. In this review, we describe the process of developing a pharmaceutical cocrystal drug product from screening to approval, with an emphasis on significant developments over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahamatullah Shaikh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Ravendra Singh
- Engineering Research Center for Structured Organic Particulate Systems (C-SOPS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Gavin M Walker
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland; Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Denise M Croker
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland; Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland.
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56
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Artificial neural networks (ANNs) and partial least squares (PLS) regression in the quantitative analysis of cocrystal formulations by Raman and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 158:214-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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57
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Garbacz P, Wesolowski M. DSC, FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy Coupled with Multivariate Analysis in a Study of Co-Crystals of Pharmaceutical Interest. Molecules 2018; 23:E2136. [PMID: 30149571 PMCID: PMC6225128 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-crystals have garnered increasing interest in recent years as a beneficial approach to improving the solubility of poorly water soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). However, their preparation is a challenge that requires a simple approach towards co-crystal detection. The objective of this work was, therefore, to verify to what extent a multivariate statistical approach such as principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) can be used as a supporting tool for detecting co-crystal formation. As model samples, physical mixtures and co-crystals of indomethacin with saccharin and furosemide with p-aminobenzoic acid were prepared at API/co-former molar ratios 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2. Data acquired from DSC curves and FTIR and Raman spectroscopies were used for CA and PCA calculations. The results obtained revealed that the application of physical mixtures as reference samples allows a deeper insight into co-crystallization than is possible with the use of API and co-former or API and co-former with physical mixtures. Thus, multivariate matrix for PCA and CA calculations consisting of physical mixtures and potential co-crystals could be considered as the most profitable and reliable way to reflect changes in samples after co-crystallization. Moreover, complementary interpretation of results obtained using DSC, FTIR and Raman techniques is most beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Garbacz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80416 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Marek Wesolowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80416 Gdansk, Poland.
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Abidi SSA, Azim Y, Gupta AK, Pradeep CP. Cocrystals of indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-butyric acid: Synthesis, structural characterization and Hirshfeld surface analysis. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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59
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Kojima T, Karashima M, Yamamoto K, Ikeda Y. Combination of NMR Methods To Reveal the Interfacial Structure of a Pharmaceutical Nanocrystal and Nanococrystal in the Suspended State. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:3901-3908. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kojima
- Analytical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Karashima
- Analytical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yamamoto
- Analytical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ikeda
- Analytical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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60
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Li S, Yu T, Tian Y, Lagan C, Jones DS, Andrews GP. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Pharmaceutical Cocrystal Suspensions via Hot Melt Extrusion: Enhancing Cocrystal Yield. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:3741-3754. [PMID: 29166563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical cocrystals have attracted increasing attention over the past decade as an alternative way to modify the physicochemical properties and hence improve the bioavailability of a drug, without sacrificing thermodynamic stability. Our previous work has demonstrated the viability of in situ formation of ibuprofen/isonicotinamide cocrystal suspensions within a matrix carrier via a single-step hot melt extrusion (HME) process. The key aim of the current work is to establish optimized processing conditions to improve cocrystal yield within extruded matrices. The solubility of each individual cocrystal component in the matrix carrier was estimated using two different methods, calculation of Hansen solubility parameters and Flory-Huggins solution theory using a melting point depression measurement method, respectively. The latter was found to be more relevant to extrusion cocrystallization because of the ability to predict miscibility across a range of temperatures. The predictions obtained from the F-H phase diagrams were verified using ternary extrusion processing. Temperatures that promote solubilization of the parent reagents during processing and precipitation of the newly formed cocrystal were found to be the most suitable in generating high cocrystal yields. The incorporation of intensive mixing/kneading elements to the screw configuration was also shown to significantly improve the cocrystal yield when utilizing a matrix platform. This work has shown that intensive mixing, in combination with appropriate temperature selection, can significantly improve the cocrystal yield within a stable and low viscosity carrier during HME processing. Most importantly, this work reports, for the very first time in the literature, the use of the F-H phase diagrams to guide the most appropriate HME processing window to drive higher cocrystal yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Li
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre , Queen's University , Belfast BT9 , Northern Ireland
| | - Tao Yu
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre , Queen's University , Belfast BT9 , Northern Ireland
| | - Yiwei Tian
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre , Queen's University , Belfast BT9 , Northern Ireland
| | - Colette Lagan
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre , Queen's University , Belfast BT9 , Northern Ireland
| | - David S Jones
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre , Queen's University , Belfast BT9 , Northern Ireland
| | - Gavin P Andrews
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre , Queen's University , Belfast BT9 , Northern Ireland
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61
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Meng-Lund H, Kasten G, Jensen KT, Poso A, Pantsar T, Rades T, Rantanen J, Grohganz H. The use of molecular descriptors in the development of co-amorphous formulations. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 119:31-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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62
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Ellenberger DJ, Miller DA, Williams RO. Expanding the Application and Formulation Space of Amorphous Solid Dispersions with KinetiSol®: a Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:1933-1956. [PMID: 29846889 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the high number of poorly soluble drugs in the development pipeline, novel processes for delivery of these challenging molecules are increasingly in demand. One such emerging method is KinetiSol, which utilizes high shear to produce amorphous solid dispersions. The process has been shown to be amenable to difficult to process active pharmaceutical ingredients with high melting points, poor organic solubility, or sensitivity to heat degradation. Additionally, the process enables classes of polymers not conventionally processable due to their high molecular weight and/or poor organic solubility. Beyond these advantages, the KinetiSol process shows promise with other applications, such as the production of amorphous mucoadhesive dispersions for delivery of compounds that would also benefit from permeability enhancement.
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63
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Rodrigues M, Baptista B, Lopes JA, Sarraguça MC. Pharmaceutical cocrystallization techniques. Advances and challenges. Int J Pharm 2018; 547:404-420. [PMID: 29890258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cocrystals are homogenous (single-phase) crystalline structures composed by two or more components in a definite stoichiometric ratio bonded together by noncovalent bonds. Pharmaceutical industry has been showing interest in cocrystals due to their ability to improve active pharmaceutical ingredients (API's) properties, such as solubility, dissolution, bioavailability, stability and processability. The necessity for high-throughput screening methods and methods capable of producing cocrystals in an industrial scale still hinders the use of cocrystals by the pharmaceutical industry. The aim of this review is to present an extensive overview of the cocrystallization methods, focusing in the specificities of each technique, its advantages and disadvantages. The review is divided into solvent-based and solvent-free methods. The most appropriate methods to the different stages of cocrystals manufacture, from the screening phase to industrial production are identified. The use of continuous and scalable methods in cocrystal production as well as the implementation of quality-by-design and process analytical technology concepts are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Rodrigues
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Baptista
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.Lisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Almeida Lopes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.Lisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Cruz Sarraguça
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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64
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Kitayama A, Kadota K, Fujioka S, Konishi Y, Uchiyama H, Tozuka Y, Shimosaka A, Yoshida M, Shirakawa Y. Assessment of amorphization behavior of a drug during co-grinding with an amino acid by discrete element method simulation. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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65
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Sandhu B, Sinha AS, Desper J, Aakeröy CB. Modulating the physical properties of solid forms of urea using co-crystallization technology. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:4657-4660. [PMID: 29564447 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01144c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The solid-form landscape of urea was explored using full interaction maps (FIMs) and data from the CSD to develop optimum protocols for synthesizing co-crystals of urea. As a result, 49 of the 60 attempted reactions produced new co-crystals, and the crystal structures of four of these are presented. Moreover, the goal of reducing the solubility and lowering the hygroscopicity of the parent compound was achieved, which in turn offers new opportunities for application as a slow-release fertilizer with limited hygroscopicity, thereby reducing many current problems of transport, handling, and storage of urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Sandhu
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Abhijeet S Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - John Desper
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Christer B Aakeröy
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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66
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Ainurofiq A, Mauludin R, Mudhakir D, Soewandhi SN. Synthesis, characterization, and stability study of desloratadine multicomponent crystal formation. Res Pharm Sci 2018; 13:93-102. [PMID: 29606963 PMCID: PMC5842490 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.223775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the formation of multicomponent crystal (MCC) of desloratadine (DES). The objective of this study was to discover the new pharmaceutical MCC of DES using several coformers. The MCC synthesis was performed between DES and 26 coformers using an equimolar ratio with a solvent evaporation technique. The selection of the appropriate solvent was carried out using 12 solvents. The preview of the MCC of DES was performed using polarized light microscopy (PLM). The formation of MCC was confirmed using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The accelerated stability of MCC at 40 °C and relative humidity of 75% was investigated using PXRD and FTIR. Depending on the prior evaluation, DES and benzoic acid (BA) formed the MCC. PLM and SEM results showed that crystal habit of combination between DES and BA differed from the constituent components. Moreover, the diffractogram pattern of DES-BA was distinct from the constituent components. The DSC thermogram showed a new peak which was distinct from both constituent components. The FTIR study proved a new spectrum. All characterizations indicated that a new solid crystal was formed, ensuring the MCC formation. In addition, DES-BA MCC had both chemical and physical stabilities for a period of 4 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ainurofiq
- School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.,Department of Pharmacy, Sebelas Maret University, Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, 57126, Indonesia
| | - Rachmat Mauludin
- School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Diky Mudhakir
- School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
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67
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Mechanisms underlying changes in indomethacin solubility with local anesthetics and related basic additives. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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68
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Drug‑Drug and Drug‑Nutraceutical Cocrystal/Salt as Alternative Medicine for Combination Therapy: A Crystal Engineering Approach. CRYSTALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst8020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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69
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Ross SA, Lamprou DA, Douroumis D. Engineering and manufacturing of pharmaceutical co-crystals: a review of solvent-free manufacturing technologies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:8772-86. [PMID: 27302311 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01289b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Design and synthesis of pharmaceutical cocrystals have received great interest in recent years. Cocrystallization of drug substances offers a tremendous opportunity for the development of new drug products with superior physical and pharmacological properties such as solubility, stability, hydroscopicity, dissolution rates and bioavailability. It is now possible to engineer and develop cocrystals via 'green chemistry' and environmentally friendly approaches such as solid-state synthesis in the absence of organic solvents. In addition, significant efforts have been directed towards computational screening, cocrystal manufacturing in a continuous manner and real-time monitoring for quality purposes by using various analytical tools. Pharmaceutical cocrystals are not fully exploited yet and there is a lot of ground to cover before they can be successfully utilized as medical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Ross
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - D A Lamprou
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science (SIPBS)s, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK. and EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation (CMAC), University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1 RD, UK
| | - D Douroumis
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
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Pharmaceutical Cocrystals: New Solid Phase Modification Approaches for the Formulation of APIs. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10010018. [PMID: 29370068 PMCID: PMC5874831 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocrystals can be used as an alternative approach based on crystal engineering to enhance specific physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) when the approaches to salt or polymorph formation do not meet the expected targets. In this article, an overview of pharmaceutical cocrystals will be presented, with an emphasis on the intermolecular interactions in cocrystals and the methods for their preparation. Furthermore, cocrystals of direct pharmaceutical interest, along with their in vitro properties and available in vivo data and characterization techniques are discussed, highlighting the potential of cocrystals as an attractive route for drug development.
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71
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Emami S, Siahi-Shadbad M, Barzegar-Jalali M, Adibkia K. Feasibility of electrospray deposition for rapid screening of the cocrystal formation and single step, continuous production of pharmaceutical nanococrystals. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 44:1034-1047. [PMID: 29347850 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1430821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study employed electrospray deposition (ESD) for simultaneous synthesis and particle engineering of cocrystals. SIGNIFICANCE Exploring new methods for the efficient production of cocrystals with desired particle properties is an essential demand. METHODS The possibility of cocrystal formation by ESD was examined for indomethacin-saccharin, indomethacin-nicotinamide, naproxen-nicotinamide, and naproxen-iso-nicotinamide cocrystals. Solutions of the drug and coformer at stoichiometric ratios were sprayed to a high electric field which caused rapid evaporation of the solvent and the formation of fine particles. The phase purity, size, and morphology of products were compared with reference cocrystals. Experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of stoichiometric ratio, concentration and solvent type on the cocrystal formation. Physical stability and dissolution properties of the electrosprayed cocrystals were also compared with reference cocrystals. RESULTS ESD was found to be an efficient and rapid method to produce cocrystals for all studied systems other than indomethacin-nicotinamide. Pure cocrystals only formed at a specific drug:coformer ratio. The solvent type has a weak effect on the cocrystal formation and morphology. Electrosprayed cocrystals exhibited nano to micrometer sizes with distinct morphologies with comparable physical stability with reference cocrystals. Nanococrystals of indomethacin-saccharin with a mean size of 219 nm displayed a threefold higher dissolution rate than solvent evaporated cocrystal. CONCLUSION ESD successfully was utilized to produce pure cocrystals of poorly soluble drugs with different morphologies and sizes ranging from nano to micrometer sizes in one step. This study highlighted the usefulness of ESD for simultaneous preparation and particle engineering of pharmaceutical cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Emami
- a Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Student Research Committee , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Siahi-Shadbad
- c Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali
- d Biotechnology Research Center, and Faculty of Pharmacy , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Khosro Adibkia
- e Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Faculty of Pharmacy , Tabriz University of medical sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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72
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Tanida S, Takata N, Takano R, Sakon A, Ueto T, Shiraki K, Kadota K, Tozuka Y, Ishigai M. Cocrystal structure design for CH5134731 based on isomorphism. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce01878a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The crystal engineering approach based on isomorphism succeeded in crystallizing a pharmaceutical cocrystal in the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Tanida
- Research Division
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd
- Gotemba
- Japan
| | - N. Takata
- Research Division
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd
- Gotemba
- Japan
| | - R. Takano
- Research Division
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd
- Gotemba
- Japan
| | - A. Sakon
- Research Division
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd
- Gotemba
- Japan
| | - T. Ueto
- Research Division
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd
- Gotemba
- Japan
| | - K. Shiraki
- Research Division
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd
- Gotemba
- Japan
| | - K. Kadota
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Takatsuki
- Japan
| | - Y. Tozuka
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Takatsuki
- Japan
| | - M. Ishigai
- Research Division
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd
- Gotemba
- Japan
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73
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Otsuka Y, Ito A, Takeuchi M, Tanaka H. Dry Mechanochemical Synthesis of Caffeine/Oxalic Acid Cocrystals and Their Evaluation by Powder X-Ray Diffraction and Chemometrics. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:3458-3464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Panzade P, Shendarkar G, Shaikh S, Balmukund Rathi P. Pharmaceutical Cocrystal of Piroxicam: Design, Formulation and Evaluation. Adv Pharm Bull 2017; 7:399-408. [PMID: 29071222 PMCID: PMC5651061 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2017.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Cocrystallisation of drug with coformers is a promising approach to alter the solid sate properties of drug substances like solubility and dissolution. The objective of the present work was to prepare, formulate and evaluate the piroxicam cocrystal by screening various coformers. Methods: Cocrystals of piroxicam were prepared by dry grinding method. The melting point and solubility of crystalline phase was determined. The potential cocrystal was characterized by DSC, IR, XRPD. Other pharmaceutical properties like solubility and dissolution rate were also evaluated. Orodispersible tablets of piroxicam cocrystal were formulated, optimized and evaluated using 32 factorial design. Results: Cocrystals of piroxicam-sodium acetate revealed the variation in melting points and solubility. The cocrystals were obtained in 1:1 ratio with sodium acetate. The analysis of Infrared explicitly indicated the shifting of characteristic bands of piroxicam. The X-Ray Powder Diffraction pattern denoted the crystallinity of cocrystals and noteworthy difference in 2θ value of intense peaks. Differential scanning calorimetry spectra of cocrystals indicated altered endotherms corresponding to melting point. The pH solubility profile of piroxicam showed sigmoidal curve, which authenticated the pKa-dependent solubility. Piroxicam cocrystals also exhibited a similar pH-solubility profile. The cocrystals exhibited faster dissolution rate owing to cocrystallization as evident from 30% increase in the extent of dissolution. The orodispersible tablets of piroxicam cocrystals were successfully prepared by direct compression method using crosscarmelose sodium as superdisintegrant with improved disintegration time (30 sec) and dissolution rate. Conclusion: The piroxicam cocrystal with modified properties was prepared with sodium acetate and formulated as orodispersible tablets having faster disintegration and greater dissolution rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Panzade
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Nanded Pharmacy College, Opp. Kasturba Matruseva Kendra, Shyam Nagar, Nanded, India
| | - Giridhar Shendarkar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Nanded Pharmacy College, Opp. Kasturba Matruseva Kendra, Shyam Nagar, Nanded, India
| | - Sarfaraj Shaikh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shri Bhagwan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Y. S. khedkar Marg, CIDCO, Aurangabad, India
| | - Pavan Balmukund Rathi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shri Bhagwan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Y. S. khedkar Marg, CIDCO, Aurangabad, India
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75
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Kasten G, Nouri K, Grohganz H, Rades T, Löbmann K. Performance comparison between crystalline and co-amorphous salts of indomethacin-lysine. Int J Pharm 2017; 533:138-144. [PMID: 28947246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of a highly water soluble amino acid as co-amorphous co-former has previously been shown to significantly improve the dissolution rate of poorly water soluble drugs. In this work, dry ball milling (DBM) and liquid assisted grinding (LAG) were used to prepare different physical forms of salts of indomethacin (IND) with the amino acid lysine (LYS), allowing the direct comparison of their solid-state properties to their in vitro performance. X-ray powder diffraction and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy showed that DBM experiments led to the formation of a fully co-amorphous salt, while LAG resulted in a crystalline salt. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the samples prepared by DBM had a single glass transition temperature (Tg) of approx. 100°C for the co-amorphous salt, while a new melting point (223°C) was obtained for the crystalline salt prepared by LAG. Intrinsic dissolution and powder dissolution studies demonstrated an increased dissolution rate of the drug in the co-amorphous salt compared to pure amorphous IND and also the crystalline drug-LYS salt. Furthermore, the co-amorphous IND-LYS salt presented long term physical stability in dry conditions at 25°C and 40°C. Overall, it has been shown that the co-amorphous form of a salt has a superior performance in comparison to a crystalline salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Kasten
- Universitetsparken 2, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Khatera Nouri
- Universitetsparken 2, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Holger Grohganz
- Universitetsparken 2, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Universitetsparken 2, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Universitetsparken 2, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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76
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Tawfeek HM, Abdellatif AAH, Dennison TJ, Mohammed AR, Sadiq Y, Saleem IY. Colonic delivery of indometacin loaded PGA-co-PDL microparticles coated with Eudragit L100-55 from fast disintegrating tablets. Int J Pharm 2017; 531:80-89. [PMID: 28818458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the efficient targeting and delivery of indometacin (IND), as a model anti-inflammatory drug to the colon for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. We prepared fast disintegrating tablets (FDT) containing IND encapsulated within poly(glycerol-adipate-co-ɷ-pentadecalactone), PGA-co-PDL, microparticles and coated with Eudragit L100-55 at different ratios (1:1.5, 1:1, 1:0.5). Microparticles encapsulated with IND were prepared using an o/w single emulsion solvent evaporation technique and coated with Eudragit L-100-55 via spray drying. The produced coated microparticles (PGA-co-PDL-IND/Eudragit) were formulated into optimised FTD using a single station press. The loading, in vitro release, permeability and transport of IND from PGA-co-PDL-IND/Eudragit microparticles was studied in Caco-2 cell lines. IND was efficiently encapsulated (570.15±4.2μg/mg) within the PGA-co-PDL microparticles. In vitro release of PGA-co-PDL-IND/Eudragit microparticles (1:1.5) showed significantly (p<0.05, ANOVA/Tukey) lower release of IND 13.70±1.6 and 56.46±3.8% compared with 1:1 (89.61±2.5, 80.13±2.6%) and 1:0.5 (39.46±0.9 & 43.38±3.12) after 3 and 43h at pH 5.5 and 6.8, respectively. The permeability and transport studies indicated IND released from PGA-co-PDL-IND/Eudragit microparticles had a lower permeability coefficient of 13.95±0.68×10-6cm/s compared to free IND 23.06±3.56×10-6cm/s. These results indicate the possibility of targeting anti-inflammatory drugs to the colon using FDTs containing microparticles coated with Eudragit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham M Tawfeek
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Younis Sadiq
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Imran Y Saleem
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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77
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Advanced methodologies for cocrystal synthesis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 117:178-195. [PMID: 28712924 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical cocrystals are multicomponent systems composed of two or more molecules and held together by H-bonding. Currently, cocrystals provide exciting opportunities in the pharmaceutical industry for the development and manufacturing of new medicines by improving poor physical properties of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) such as processability, solubility, stability and bioavailability. According to the recent reclassification, cocrystals are considered as drug polymorph rather a new API which has a significant impact on drug development, regulatory submissions and intellectual property protection. This review summarizes recent trends and advances in synthesis, manufacturing and scale - up of cocrystals. The operational principles of several cocrystals manufacturing technologies are discussed including their advantages and disadvantages in terms of crystal quality, purity stability, throughput and limitations in large scale production.
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78
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B. Shekhawat P, B. Pokharkar V. Understanding peroral absorption: regulatory aspects and contemporary approaches to tackling solubility and permeability hurdles. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:260-280. [PMID: 28540164 PMCID: PMC5430883 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral drug absorption is a process influenced by the physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of the drug and its inter-relationship with the gastrointestinal tract. Drug solubility, dissolution and permeability across intestinal barrier are the key parameters controlling absorption. This review provides an overview of the factors that affect drug absorption and the classification of a drug on the basis of solubility and permeability. The biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) was introduced in early 90׳s and is a regulatory tool used to predict bioavailability problems associated with a new entity, thereby helping in the development of a drug product. Strategies to combat solubility and permeability issues are also discussed.
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Key Words
- ABC, ATP-binding cassette
- AP, absorption potential
- API, active pharmaceutical ingredient
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- AZT, azidothymidine
- BA/BE, bioavailability/bioequivalence
- BCRP, breast cancer resistance protein
- BCS
- BCS, biopharmaceutical classification system
- BDDS, biopharmaceutical drug disposition system
- BSP, bromosulfophthalein
- CD, cyclodextrin
- CDER, Centre for Drug Evaluation and Research
- CNT, Na+-dependent concentrative transporter
- CNT, concentrative nucleoside transporter
- CYP, cytochrome P450
- D:S, dose:solubility
- E217G, estradiol 17β-glucuronide
- EMEA, European Medicines Agency
- ENT, equilibrative nucleoside transporter
- FATP, fatty acid transporter protein
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- FIP, International Pharmaceutical Federation
- FaSSIF, fasted state simulated intestinal fluid
- Factors affecting absorption
- FeSSIF, fed state simulated intestinal fluid
- Formulation strategies
- GIS, gastrointestinal simulator
- GIT, gastrointestinal tract
- GITA, gastrointestinal transit and absorption
- GLUT, sodium-independent facilitated diffusion transporter
- GRAS, generally recognized as safe
- HIV, human immunodeficiency disease
- HPC-SL, LBDDS, lipid based drug delivery system
- HUGO, Human Genome Organization
- ICH, International Council of Harmonization
- IDR, intrinsic dissolution rate
- IR, immediate release
- ISBT, sodium dependent bile salt transporter
- MCT, monocarboxylate transporter
- MPP, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
- MRP, multidrug resistance associated protein
- NLC, nanostructured lipid carrier
- NME, new molecular entity
- NTCP, sodium-dependent taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide
- OAT, organic anion transporter
- OATP, organic anion transporting polypeptide
- OCT, organic cationic transporter
- OCTN, organic cationic/carnitine transporter
- OMM, ordered mesoporous material
- P-gp, P-glycoprotein
- PAH, p-aminohippurate
- PAMPA, parallel artificial membrane permeability assay
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PEI, polyethyleneimine
- PEPT, peptide transporter
- PGA, polyglycolic acid
- PLA, poly(lactic acid)
- PLGA, poly-d,l-lactide-co-glycoside
- PMAT, plasma membrane monoamine transport
- PSA, polar surface area
- PVDF, polyvinylidene difluoride
- Papp, apparent permeability
- Peff, effective permeability
- Permeability
- Psi, porous silicon
- RFC, reduced folate transporter
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulphate
- SGLT, sodium dependent secondary active transporter
- SIF, simulated intestinal fluid
- SLC, solute carrier
- SLCO, solute carrier organic anion
- SLN, solid lipid nanoparticles
- SMVT, sodium dependent multivitamin transporter
- SPIP, single pass intestinal perfusion
- SUPAC, scale-up and post approval changes
- SVCT, sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter
- Solubility
- TEOS, tetraethylortho silicate
- UWL, unstirred water layer
- VDAD, volume to dissolve applied dose
- WHO, World Health Organization
- pMMA, polymethyl methacrylate
- vit. E TPGS, vitamin E tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate
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79
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Lin SY. Simultaneous screening and detection of pharmaceutical co-crystals by the one-step DSC–FTIR microspectroscopic technique. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:718-728. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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80
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Arafa MF, El-Gizawy SA, Osman MA, El Maghraby GM. Co-crystallization for enhanced dissolution rate of nateglinide: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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81
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Bandari S, Dronam VR, Eedara BB. Development and preliminary characterization of levofloxacin pharmaceutical cocrystals for dissolution rate enhancement. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-016-0302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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82
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Bhardwaj S, Lipert M, Bak A. Mitigating Cocrystal Physical Stability Liabilities in Preclinical Formulations. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:31-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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83
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84
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Ganduri R, Cherukuvada S, Sarkar S, Guru Row TN. Manifestation of cocrystals and eutectics among structurally related molecules: towards understanding the factors that control their formation. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce02003h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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85
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Ahmed H, Shimpi MR, Velaga SP. Relationship between mechanical properties and crystal structure in cocrystals and salt of paracetamol. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 43:89-97. [PMID: 27486671 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2016.1220568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives were to study mechanical properties of various solid forms of paracetamol and relate to their crystal structures. Paracetamol form I (PRA), its cocrystals with oxalic acid (PRA-OXA) and 4,4-bipyridine (PRA-BPY) and hydrochloride salt (PRA-HCL) were selected. Cocrystals and salt were scaled-up using rational crystallization methods. The resulting materials were subjected to different solid-state characterizations. The powders were sieved and 90-360 µm sieve fraction was considered. These powders were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and densities were determined. Tablets were made at applied pressures of 35-180 MPa under controlled conditions and the tablet height, diameter and hardness were measured. Tensile strength and porosity of the tablets were estimated using well known models. Crystal structures of these systems were visualized and slip planes were identified. Cocrystal and salt of PRA were physically pure. Sieved powders had comparable morphologies and particle size. The apparent and theoretical densities of powders were similar, but no clear trends were observed. The tensile strengths of these compacts were increased with increasing pressure whereas tabletability decreased in the order oxalic acid > PRA-HCL ≈ PRA-OXA > BPY > PRA-BPY. Tablet tensile strength decreases exponentially with increasing porosity with the exception of PRY-BPY and BPY. Slip plane prediction based on attachment energies may not be independently considered. However, it was possible to explain the improved mechanical properties of powders based on the crystal structure. Cocrystallization and salt formation have introduced structural features that are responsible for improved tableting properties of PRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzah Ahmed
- a Pharmaceutical Research, Department of Health Sciences , Luleå University of Technology , Luleå , Sweden
| | - Manishkumar R Shimpi
- a Pharmaceutical Research, Department of Health Sciences , Luleå University of Technology , Luleå , Sweden
| | - Sitaram P Velaga
- a Pharmaceutical Research, Department of Health Sciences , Luleå University of Technology , Luleå , Sweden
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86
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Li S, Yu T, Tian Y, McCoy CP, Jones DS, Andrews GP. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Pharmaceutical Cocrystal Suspensions via Hot Melt Extrusion: Feasibility Studies and Physicochemical Characterization. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3054-68. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Li
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy,
Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9, Northern Ireland
| | - Tao Yu
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy,
Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9, Northern Ireland
| | - Yiwei Tian
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy,
Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9, Northern Ireland
| | - Colin P. McCoy
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy,
Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9, Northern Ireland
| | - David S. Jones
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy,
Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9, Northern Ireland
| | - Gavin P. Andrews
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy,
Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9, Northern Ireland
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87
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Liu M, Hong C, Yao Y, Shen H, Ji G, Li G, Xie Y. Development of a pharmaceutical cocrystal with solution crystallization technology: Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of myricetin-proline cocrystals. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 107:151-9. [PMID: 27395394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Myricetin shows low oral bioavailability (<10%) in rats due to poor aqueous solubility, although it has demonstrated various pharmacological activities such as those related to anticancer, anti-diabetes, and hepatic protection. To overcome this issue, in this study, pharmaceutical cocrystals were designed to efficiently deliver myricetin by oral administration. A 1:2 stoichiometric cocrystal of myricetin with proline was prepared successfully by solution crystallization based on the ternary phase diagram (TPD) principle, and it is presented as a new sphericity-like crystalline phase characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The formation of myricetin-proline cocrystals was a spontaneous and exothermic process, probably due to the supramolecular interactions between themselves, which were determined by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Consequently, the dissolution efficiency of myricetin from cocrystals was increased 7.69-fold compared with that of coarse myricetin, and the oral bioavailability of myricetin cocrystals in rats was enhanced by approximately 3.03 times compared with that of pure myricetin. The present study provides useful information for the potential application of cocrystal technology for water-insoluble drugs, especially flavonoid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chao Hong
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yashu Yao
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongyi Shen
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Long Hua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guowen Li
- Pharmacy Department, Shanghai TCM-integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China.
| | - Yan Xie
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Long Hua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
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88
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Karashima M, Kimoto K, Yamamoto K, Kojima T, Ikeda Y. A novel solubilization technique for poorly soluble drugs through the integration of nanocrystal and cocrystal technologies. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 107:142-50. [PMID: 27393561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop a novel solubilization technique consisting of a nano-cocrystal suspension by integrating cocrystal and nanocrystal formulation technologies to maximize solubilization over current solubilizing technologies. Monodisperse carbamazepine-saccharin, indomethacin-saccharin, and furosemide-caffeine nano-cocrystal suspensions, as well as a furosemide-cytosine nano-salt suspension, were successfully prepared with particle sizes of less than 300nm by wet milling with the stabilizers hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Interestingly, the properties of resultant nano-cocrystal suspensions were dramatically changed depending on the physicochemical and structural properties of the cocrystals. In the formulation optimization, the concentration and ratio of the stabilizers also influenced the zeta potentials and particles sizes of the resultant nano-cocrystal suspensions. Raman spectroscopic analysis revealed that the crystalline structures of the cocrystals were maintained in the nanosuspensions, and were physically stable for at least one month. Furthermore, their dissolution profiles were significantly improved over current solubilization-enabling technologies, nanocrystals, and cocrystals. In the present study, we demonstrated that nano-cocrystal formulations can be a new promising option for solubilization techniques to improve the absorption of poorly soluble drugs, and can expand the development potential of poorly soluble candidates in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Karashima
- Analytical Development Laboratories, CMC Center, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Kouya Kimoto
- Analytical Development Laboratories, CMC Center, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yamamoto
- Analytical Development Laboratories, CMC Center, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Analytical Development Laboratories, CMC Center, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ikeda
- Analytical Development Laboratories, CMC Center, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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89
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Kuminek G, Cao F, Bahia de Oliveira da Rocha A, Gonçalves Cardoso S, Rodríguez-Hornedo N. Cocrystals to facilitate delivery of poorly soluble compounds beyond-rule-of-5. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 101:143-166. [PMID: 27137109 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Besides enhancing aqueous solubilities, cocrystals have the ability to fine-tune solubility advantage over drug, supersaturation index, and bioavailability. This review presents important facts about cocrystals that set them apart from other solid-state forms of drugs, and a quantitative set of rules for the selection of additives and solution/formulation conditions that predict cocrystal solubility, supersaturation index, and transition points. Cocrystal eutectic constants are shown to be the most important cocrystal property that can be measured once a cocrystal is discovered, and simple relationships are presented that allow for prediction of cocrystal behavior as a function of pH and drug solubilizing agents. Cocrystal eutectic constant is a stability or supersatuation index that: (a) reflects how close or far from equilibrium a cocrystal is, (b) establishes transition points, and (c) provides a quantitative scale of cocrystal true solubility changes over drug. The benefit of this strategy is that a single measurement, that requires little material and time, provides a principled basis to tailor cocrystal supersaturation index by the rational selection of cocrystal formulation, dissolution, and processing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Kuminek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1065, MI, USA
| | - Fengjuan Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1065, MI, USA
| | | | - Simone Gonçalves Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Naír Rodríguez-Hornedo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1065, MI, USA
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90
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Tong Y, Zhang P, Dang L, Wei H. Monitoring of cocrystallization of ethenzamide–saccharin: Insight into kinetic process by in situ Raman spectroscopy. Chem Eng Res Des 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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91
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Cysewski P, Przybyłek M, Ziółkowska D, Mroczyńska K. Exploring the cocrystallization potential of urea and benzamide. J Mol Model 2016; 22:103. [PMID: 27052722 PMCID: PMC4823316 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-2964-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The cocrystallization landscape of benzamide and urea interacting with aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids was studied both experimentally and theoretically. Ten new cocrystals of benzamide were synthesized using an oriented samples approach via a fast dropped evaporation technique. Information about types of known bi-component cocrystals augmented with knowledge of simple binary eutectic mixtures was used for the analysis of virtual screening efficiency among 514 potential pairs involving aromatic carboxylic acids interacting with urea or benzamide. Quantification of intermolecular interaction was achieved by estimating the excess thermodynamic functions of binary liquid mixtures under supercooled conditions within a COSMO-RS framework. The smoothed histograms suggest that slightly more potential pairs of benzamide are characterized in the attractive region compared to urea. Finally, it is emphasized that prediction of cocrystals of urea is fairly direct, while it remains ambiguous for benzamide paired with carboxylic acids. The two known simple eutectics of urea are found within the first two quartiles defined by excess thermodynamic functions, and all known cocrystals are outside of this range belonging to the third or fourth quartile. On the contrary, such a simple separation of positive and negative cases of benzamide miscibility in the solid state is not observed. The difference in properties between urea and benzamide R2,2(8) heterosynthons is also documented by alterations of substituent effects. Intermolecular interactions of urea with para substituted benzoic acid analogues are stronger compared to those of benzamide. Also, the amount of charge transfer from amide to aromatic carboxylic acid and vice versa is more pronounced for urea. However, in both cases, the greater the electron withdrawing character of the substituent, the higher the binding energy, and the stronger the supermolecule polarization via the charge transfer mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Cysewski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum of Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Kurpińskiego 5, 85-950, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Maciej Przybyłek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum of Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Kurpińskiego 5, 85-950, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dorota Ziółkowska
- Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Karina Mroczyńska
- Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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92
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Preparation and Physical Characterization of a Diclofenac-Ranitidine Co-precipitate for Improving the Dissolution of Diclofenac. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:1258-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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93
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Influence of Soluplus on Solid-State Properties and Physical Stability of Indomethacin-Saccharin Co-crystal Formation Prepared by Air-Drying Process. J Pharm Innov 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-016-9243-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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94
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Ali HRH, Saleem IY, Tawfeek HM. Insight into inclusion complexation of indomethacin nicotinamide cocrystals. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-016-0594-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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95
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Nanubolu JB, Ravikumar K. Correlating the melting point alteration with the supramolecular structure in aripiprazole drug cocrystals. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce02400e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structural reasons for the melting point variations in isostructural cocrystals of the aripiprazole drug are investigated through combined spectroscopic and diffraction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Babu Nanubolu
- Centre for X-ray Crystallography
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500607, India
| | - Krishnan Ravikumar
- Centre for X-ray Crystallography
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500607, India
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96
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Izutsu KI, Koide T, Takata N, Ikeda Y, Ono M, Inoue M, Fukami T, Yonemochi E. Characterization and Quality Control of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:1421-1430. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatsuo Koide
- Division of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | | | - Yukihiro Ikeda
- Analytical Development Laboratories, CMC Center, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Makoto Ono
- Analytical & Quality Evaluation Research Laboratories, Daiichi-Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Motoki Inoue
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
| | - Toshiro Fukami
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
| | - Etsuo Yonemochi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
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97
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Cherukuvada S, Kaur R, Guru Row TN. Co-crystallization and small molecule crystal form diversity: from pharmaceutical to materials applications. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01835a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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98
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Scoutaris N, Nion A, Hurt A, Douroumis D. Jet dispensing as a high throughput method for rapid screening and manufacturing of cocrystals. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce00664g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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99
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Kong M, Fu X, Li J, Li J, Chen M, Deng Z, Zhang H. Sweet pharmaceutical salts of stanozolol with enhanced solubility and physical stability. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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100
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