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Bazzano M, Pisano R, Brelstaff J, Spillantini MG, Sidoryk-Wegrzynowicz M, Rizza G, Sangermano M. Synthesis of polymeric nanocapsules by radical UV-activated interface-emulsion polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bazzano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology; Politecnico di Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Roberto Pisano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology; Politecnico di Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Jack Brelstaff
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences; Clifford Allbutt Building, University of Cambridge; Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Maria Grazia Spillantini
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences; Clifford Allbutt Building, University of Cambridge; Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Marta Sidoryk-Wegrzynowicz
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences; Clifford Allbutt Building, University of Cambridge; Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Giancarlo Rizza
- Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, CEA-IRAMIS-CNRS, Ecolé Polytechnique; Palaiseau Cedex France
| | - Marco Sangermano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology; Politecnico di Torino; Torino Italy
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52
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Reinhard S, Wagner E. How to Tackle the Challenge of siRNA Delivery with Sequence-Defined Oligoamino Amides. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [PMID: 27328447 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) as a mechanism of gene regulation provides exciting opportunities for medical applications. Synthetic small interfering RNA (siRNA) triggers the knockdown of complementary mRNA sequences in a catalytic fashion and has to be delivered into the cytosol of the targeted cells. The design of adequate carrier systems to overcome multiple extracellular and intracellular roadblocks within the delivery process has utmost importance. Cationic polymers form polyplexes through electrostatic interaction with negatively charged nucleic acids and present a promising class of carriers. Issues of polycations regarding toxicity, heterogeneity, and polydispersity can be overcome by solid-phase-assisted synthesis of sequence-defined cationic oligomers. These medium-sized highly versatile nucleic acid carriers display low cytotoxicity and can be modified and tailored in multiple ways to meet specific requirements of nucleic acid binding, polyplex size, shielding, targeting, and intracellular release of the cargo. In this way, sequence-defined cationic oligomers can mimic the dynamic and bioresponsive behavior of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Reinhard
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), 80799, Munich, Germany
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53
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Su CH, Tsai CY, Tomanek B, Chen WY, Cheng FY. Evaluation of blood-brain barrier-stealth nanocomposites for in situ glioblastoma theranostics applications. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:7866-7870. [PMID: 27035391 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00280c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a physiological structure of the blood vessels in the brain. The BBB efficiently traps most therapeutic drugs in the blood vessels and stops them from entering the brain tissue, resulting in a decreased therapeutic efficiency. In this study, we developed BBB-stealth nanocomposites composed of iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) as a safe nanocarrier for glioblastoma therapy. We showed the antitumor activity of Dox/alg-Fe3O4 NPs using in vitro and in vivo tests. We demonstrated that G23-alg-Fe3O4 NPs crossed the BBB and entered the brain. In situ glioblastoma tumor-bearing mice were used to successfully evaluate the antitumor activity of G23-Dox/alg-Fe3O4 NPs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and bioluminescence imaging (BLI) confirmed the BBB crossing. The BBB-stealth nanocomposites show great potential for a proof-of-concept clinical trial as a theranostics platform for human brain tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Su
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan and Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Tsai
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Boguslaw Tomanek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 152 Radzikowskiego, Krakow, Malopolska 31-342, Poland
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Yu Cheng
- Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.
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Functionalized nanocarrier combined seizure-specific vector with P-glycoprotein modulation property for antiepileptic drug delivery. Biomaterials 2016; 74:64-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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55
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Wang JTW, Rubio N, Kafa H, Venturelli E, Fabbro C, Ménard-Moyon C, Da Ros T, Sosabowski JK, Lawson AD, Robinson MK, Prato M, Bianco A, Festy F, Preston JE, Kostarelos K, Al-Jamal KT. Kinetics of functionalised carbon nanotube distribution in mouse brain after systemic injection: Spatial to ultra-structural analyses. J Control Release 2015; 224:22-32. [PMID: 26742944 PMCID: PMC4756275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Earlier studies proved the success of using chemically functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWNTs) as nanocarriers to the brain. Little insight into the kinetics of brain distribution of f-MWNTs in vivo has been reported. This study employed a wide range of qualitative and quantitative techniques with the aim of shedding the light on f-MWNT's brain distribution following intravenous injection. γ-Scintigraphy quantified the uptake of studied radiolabelled f-MWNT in the whole brain parenchyma and capillaries while 3D-single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging and autoradiography illustrated spatial distribution within various brain regions. Raman and multiphoton luminescence together with transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of intact f-MWNT in mouse brain, in a label-free manner. The results evidenced the presence of f-MWNT in mice brain parenchyma, in addition to brain endothelium. Such information on the rate and extent of regional and cellular brain distribution is needed before further implementation into neurological therapeutics can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie T-W Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Noelia Rubio
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Houmam Kafa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Enrica Venturelli
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Chiara Fabbro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Cécilia Ménard-Moyon
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Tatiana Da Ros
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Jane K Sosabowski
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | | | | | - Maurizio Prato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Frederic Festy
- Tissue Engineering and Biophotonics, Dental Institute, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jane E Preston
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, Brunswick Square, London, UK.
| | - Khuloud T Al-Jamal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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56
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Ellis JA, Banu M, Hossain SS, Singh-Moon R, Lavine SD, Bruce JN, Joshi S. Reassessing the Role of Intra-Arterial Drug Delivery for Glioblastoma Multiforme Treatment. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2015; 2015:405735. [PMID: 26819758 PMCID: PMC4706947 DOI: 10.1155/2015/405735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Effective treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) will likely require targeted delivery of several specific pharmacological agents simultaneously. Intra-arterial (IA) delivery is one technique for targeting the tumor site with multiple agents. Although IA chemotherapy for glioblastoma (GBM) has been attempted since the 1950s, the predicted benefits remain unproven in clinical practice. This review focuses on innovative approaches to IA drug delivery in treating GBM. Guided by novel in vitro and in vivo optical measurements, newer pharmacokinetic models promise to better define the complex relationship between background cerebral blood flow and drug injection parameters. Advanced optical technologies and tracers, unique nanoparticles designs, new cellular targets, and rational drug formulations are continuously modifying the therapeutic landscape for GBM. Personalized treatment approaches are emerging; however, such tailored approaches will largely depend on effective drug delivery techniques and on the ability to simultaneously deliver multidrug regimens. These new paradigms for tumor-selective drug delivery herald dramatic improvements in the effectiveness of IA chemotherapy for GBM. Therefore, within this context of so-called "precision medicine," the role of IA delivery for GBM is thoroughly reassessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A. Ellis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Matei Banu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shaolie S. Hossain
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rajinder Singh-Moon
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sean D. Lavine
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Bruce
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shailendra Joshi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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57
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Zhang F, Lin YA, Kannan S, Kannan RM. Targeting specific cells in the brain with nanomedicines for CNS therapies. J Control Release 2015; 240:212-226. [PMID: 26686078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders still remains a major clinical challenge. The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), known as the major hindrance, greatly limits therapeutics penetration into the brain. Moreover, even though some therapeutics can cross BBB based on their intrinsic properties or via the use of proper nanoscale delivery vehicles, their therapeutic efficacy is still often limited without the specific uptake of drugs by the cancer or disease-associated cells. As more studies have started to elucidate the pathological roles of major cells in the CNS (for example, microglia, neurons, and astrocytes) for different disorders, nanomedicines that can enable targeting of specific cells in these diseases may provide great potential to boost efficacy. In this review, we aim to briefly cover the pathological roles of endothelial cells, microglia, tumor-associated microglia/macrophage, neurons, astrocytes, and glioma in CNS disorders and to highlight the recent advances in nanomedicines that can target specific disease-associated cells. Furthermore, we summarized some strategies employed in nanomedicine to achieve specific cell targeting or to enhance the drug neuroprotective effects in the CNS. The specific targeting at the cellular level by nanotherapy can be a more precise and effective means not only to enhance the drug availability but also to reduce side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.,Department of Material Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Yi-An Lin
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, MD, 21287 USA
| | - Rangaramanujam M Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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58
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Mendonça MCP, Soares ES, de Jesus MB, Ceragioli HJ, Ferreira MS, Catharino RR, da Cruz-Höfling MA. Reduced graphene oxide induces transient blood-brain barrier opening: an in vivo study. J Nanobiotechnology 2015; 13:78. [PMID: 26518450 PMCID: PMC4628296 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-015-0143-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a complex physical and functional barrier protecting the central nervous system from physical and chemical insults. Nevertheless, it also constitutes a barrier against therapeutics for treating neurological disorders. In this context, nanomaterial-based therapy provides a potential alternative for overcoming this problem. Graphene family has attracted significant interest in nanomedicine because their unique physicochemical properties make them amenable to applications in drug/gene delivery and neural interface. Results In this study, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) systemically-injected was found mainly located in the thalamus and hippocampus of rats. The entry of rGO involved a transitory decrease in the BBB paracellular tightness, as demonstrated at anatomical (Evans blue dye infusion), subcellular (transmission electron microscopy) and molecular (junctional protein expression) levels. Additionally, we examined the usefulness of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) as a new imaging method for detecting the temporal distribution of nanomaterials throughout the brain. Conclusions rGO was able to be detected and monitored in the brain over time provided by a novel application for MALDI-MSI and could be a useful tool for treating a variety of brain disorders that are normally unresponsive to conventional treatment because of BBB impermeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Culturato Padilha Mendonça
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil. .,Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Edilene Siqueira Soares
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Bispo de Jesus
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Helder José Ceragioli
- Department of Semiconductors, Instruments and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mônica Siqueira Ferreira
- Department of Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Ramos Catharino
- Department of Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Alice da Cruz-Höfling
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil. .,Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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59
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Roma MI, Hocht C, Chiappetta DA, Di Gennaro SS, Minoia JM, Bramuglia GF, Rubio MC, Sosnik A, Peroni RN. Tetronic® 904-containing polymeric micelles overcome the overexpression of ABCG2 in the blood-brain barrier of rats and boost the penetration of the antiretroviral efavirenz into the CNS. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:2325-37. [PMID: 26252052 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the involvement of ABCG2 in the pharmacokinetics of efavirenz in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and investigate a nanotechnology strategy to overcome its overexpression under a model of chronic oral administration. Materials & methods A model of chronic efavirenz (EFV) administration was established in male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with a daily oral dose over 5 days. Then, different treatments were conducted and drug concentrations in plasma and brain measured. RESULTS Chronic treatment with oral EFV led to the overexpression of ABCG2 in the BBB that was reverted after a brief washout period. Moreover, gefitinib and the polymeric amphiphile Tetronic(®) 904 significantly inhibited the activity of the pump and potentiated the accumulation of EFV in CNS. The same effect was observed when the drug was administered within mixed micelles containing TetronicT904 as the main component. CONCLUSION Tetronic 904-containing polymeric micelles overcame the overexpression of ABCG2 in the BBB caused by chronic administration of EFV then boosting its penetration into the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín I Roma
- Pharmacology Research Institute, University of Buenos Aires & National Science Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christian Hocht
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego A Chiappetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires & National Science Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Stefania S Di Gennaro
- Pharmacology Research Institute, University of Buenos Aires & National Science Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan M Minoia
- Pharmacology Research Institute, University of Buenos Aires & National Science Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo F Bramuglia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Modesto C Rubio
- Pharmacology Research Institute, University of Buenos Aires & National Science Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Sosnik
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Roxana N Peroni
- Pharmacology Research Institute, University of Buenos Aires & National Science Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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60
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Abstract
The current therapeutic strategies are not efficient in treating disorders related to the central nervous system (CNS) and have only shown partial alleviation of symptoms, as opposed to, disease modifying effects. With change in population demographics, the incidence of CNS disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases, is expected to rise dramatically. Current treatment regimens are associated with severe side-effects, especially given that most of these are chronic therapies and involve elderly population. In this review, we highlight the challenges and opportunities in delivering newer and more effective bio-therapeutic agents for the treatment of CNS disorders. Bio-therapeutics like proteins, peptides, monoclonal antibodies, growth factors, and nucleic acids are thought to have a profound effect on halting the progression of neurodegenerative disorders and also provide a unique function of restoring damaged cells. We provide a review of the nano-sized formulation-based drug delivery systems and alternate modes of delivery, like the intranasal route, to carry bio-therapeutics effectively to the brain.
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61
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Shilo M, Sharon A, Baranes K, Motiei M, Lellouche JPM, Popovtzer R. The effect of nanoparticle size on the probability to cross the blood-brain barrier: an in-vitro endothelial cell model. J Nanobiotechnology 2015; 13:19. [PMID: 25880565 PMCID: PMC4359781 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-015-0075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During the last decade nanoparticles have gained attention as promising drug delivery agents that can transport through the blood brain barrier. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that specifically targeted nanoparticles which carry a large payload of therapeutic agents can effectively enhance therapeutic agent delivery to the brain. However, it is difficult to draw definite design principles across these studies, owing to the differences in material, size, shape and targeting agents of the nanoparticles. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to develop general design principles that link the size of the nanoparticle with the probability to cross the blood brain barrier. Specifically, we investigate the effect of the nanoparticle size on the probability of barbiturate coated GNPs to cross the blood brain barrier by using bEnd.3 brain endothelial cells as an in vitro blood brain barrier model. Results The results show that GNPs of size 70 nm are optimal for the maximum amount of gold within the brain cells, and that 20 nm GNPs are the optimal size for maximum free surface area. Conclusions These findings can help understand the effect of particle size on the ability to cross the blood brain barrier through the endothelial cell model, and design nanoparticles for brain imaging/therapy contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malka Shilo
- Faculty of Engineering & the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel.
| | - Anat Sharon
- The Department of Chemistry & the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel.
| | - Koby Baranes
- Faculty of Engineering & the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel.
| | - Menachem Motiei
- Faculty of Engineering & the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel.
| | - Jean-Paul M Lellouche
- The Department of Chemistry & the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel.
| | - Rachela Popovtzer
- Faculty of Engineering & the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel.
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62
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Liang RC, Fang F, Wang YC, Song NJ, Li JH, Zhao CJ, Peng XC, Tong AP, Fang Y, He M, You C, Tan H. Gemini quaternary ammonium-incorporated biodegradable multiblock polyurethane micelles for brain drug delivery. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09908g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gemini quaternary ammonium (GQA) incorporated biodegradable multiblock polyurethane (BMPUs) micelles could transport drug across blood–brain barrier and improve brain drug accumulation.
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63
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Image-Guided Delivery of Therapeutics to the Brain. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11355-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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64
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Su CH, Cheng FY. In vitro and in vivo applications of alginate/iron oxide nanocomposites for theranostic molecular imaging in a brain tumor model. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20723a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel nanocomposite composed of highly safe and US-FDA-approved Fe3O4 NPs and alginate shows significant anti-brain tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Su
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine
- Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- Department of Biomedical Imaging
- Kaohsiung 833
- and Radiological Sciences
| | - Fong-Yu Cheng
- Institute of Oral Medicine
- National Cheng Kung University Hospital
- College of Medicine
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan City 701
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65
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Lalatsa A, Schätzlein A, Garrett N, Moger J, Briggs M, Godfrey L, Iannitelli A, Freeman J, Uchegbu I. Chitosan amphiphile coating of peptide nanofibres reduces liver uptake and delivers the peptide to the brain on intravenous administration. J Control Release 2015; 197:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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66
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Kamei N, Takeda-Morishita M. Brain delivery of insulin boosted by intranasal coadministration with cell-penetrating peptides. J Control Release 2014; 197:105-10. [PMID: 25445695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Intranasal administration is considered as an alternative route to enable effective drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) by bypassing the blood-brain barrier. Several reports have proved that macromolecules can be transferred directly from the nasal cavity to the brain. However, strategies to enhance the delivery of macromolecules from the nasal cavity to CNS are needed because of their low delivery efficiencies via this route in general. We hypothesized that the delivery of biopharmaceuticals to the brain parenchyma can be facilitated by increasing the uptake of drugs by the nasal epithelium including supporting and neuronal cells to maximize the potentiality of the intranasal pathway. To test this hypothesis, the CNS-related model peptide insulin was intranasally coadministered with the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) penetratin to mice. As a result, insulin coadministered with l- or d-penetratin reached the distal regions of the brain from the nasal cavity, including the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brain stem. In particular, d-penetratin could intranasally deliver insulin to the brain with a reduced risk of systemic insulin exposure. Thus, the results obtained in this study suggested that CPPs are potential tools for the brain delivery of peptide- and protein-based pharmaceuticals via intranasal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyasu Kamei
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Systems, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8586, Japan
| | - Mariko Takeda-Morishita
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Systems, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8586, Japan.
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67
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Wang JTW, Fabbro C, Venturelli E, Ménard-Moyon C, Chaloin O, Da Ros T, Methven L, Nunes A, Sosabowski JK, Mather SJ, Robinson MK, Amadou J, Prato M, Bianco A, Kostarelos K, Al-Jamal KT. The relationship between the diameter of chemically-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes and their organ biodistribution profiles in vivo. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9517-28. [PMID: 25168822 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exhibit unique properties which have led to their applications in the biomedical field as novel delivery systems for diagnosis and therapy purposes. We have previously reported that the degree of functionalization of CNTs is a key factor determining their biological behaviour. The present study broadens the spectrum by investigating the impact of the diameter of CNTs using two series of multi-walled CNTs (MWNTs) with distinct differences in their diameters. Both MWNTs were doubly functionalized by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and amidation reactions, allowing the appended functional groups to be further conjugated with radionuclide chelating moieties and antibodies or antibody fragments. All constructs possessed comparable degree of functionalization and were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, gel electrophoresis and surface plasmon resonance. The MWNT conjugates were radio-labelled with indium-111, which thereby enabled in vivo single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging and organ biodistribution study using γ-scintigraphy. The narrow MWNTs (average diameter: 9.2 nm) demonstrated enhanced tissue affinity including non-reticular endothelial tissues compared to the wider MWNTs (average diameter: 39.5 nm). The results indicate that the higher aspect ratio of narrow MWNTs may be beneficial for their future biological applications due to higher tissue accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie T-W Wang
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Centre for Drug Delivery Research, UCL-School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Chiara Fabbro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca'Foscari di Venezia, Venezia 30123, Italy
| | - Enrica Venturelli
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Cécilia Ménard-Moyon
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Olivier Chaloin
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Tatiana Da Ros
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Laura Methven
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Centre for Drug Delivery Research, UCL-School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Antonio Nunes
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Centre for Drug Delivery Research, UCL-School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jane K Sosabowski
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Stephen J Mather
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | | | | | - Maurizio Prato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Alberto Bianco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca'Foscari di Venezia, Venezia 30123, Italy.
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Centre for Drug Delivery Research, UCL-School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Khuloud T Al-Jamal
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Centre for Drug Delivery Research, UCL-School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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68
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Kreuter J. Drug delivery to the central nervous system by polymeric nanoparticles: what do we know? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 71:2-14. [PMID: 23981489 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles enable the delivery of a great variety of drugs including anticancer drugs, analgesics, anti-Alzheimer's drugs, cardiovascular drugs, protease inhibitors, and several macromolecules into the brain after intravenous injection of animals. The mechanism of the nanoparticle-mediated drug transport across the BBB appears to be receptor-mediated endocytosis followed by transcytosis into the brain or by drug release within the endothelial cells. Modification of the nanoparticle surface with covalently attached targeting ligands or by coating with certain surfactants that lead to the adsorption of specific plasma proteins after injection is necessary for this receptor-mediated uptake. A very critical and important requirement for nanoparticulate brain delivery is that the employed nanoparticles are biocompatible and, moreover, rapidly biodegradable, i.e. over a time frame of a few days. In addition to enabling drug delivery to the brain, nanoparticles, as with doxorubicin, may importantly reduce the drug's toxicity and adverse effects due to an alteration of the body distribution. Because of the possibility to treat severe CNS diseases such as brain tumours and to even transport proteins and other macromolecules across the blood-brain barrier, this technology holds great promise for a non-invasive therapy of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Kreuter
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Goethe-Universtät, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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69
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Shilo M, Motiei M, Hana P, Popovtzer R. Transport of nanoparticles through the blood-brain barrier for imaging and therapeutic applications. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:2146-52. [PMID: 24362586 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr04878k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A critical problem in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, is the incapability to overcome the restrictive mechanism of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and to deliver important therapeutic agents to the brain. During the last decade, nanoparticles have gained attention as promising drug delivery agents that can transport across the BBB and increase the uptake of appropriate drugs in the brain. In this study we have developed insulin-targeted gold nanoparticles (INS-GNPs) and investigated quantitatively the amount of INS-GNPs that cross the BBB by the receptor-mediated endocytosis process. For this purpose, INS-GNPs and control GNPs were injected into the tail vein of male BALB/c mice. Major organs were then extracted and a blood sample was taken from the mice, and thereafter analyzed for gold content by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results show that two hours post-intravenous injection, the amount of INS-GNPs found in mouse brains is over 5 times greater than that of the control, untargeted GNPs. Results of further experimentation on a rat model show that INS-GNPs can also serve as CT contrast agents to highlight specific brain regions in which they accumulate. Due to the fact that they can overcome the restrictive mechanism of the BBB, this approach could be a potentially valuable tool, helping to confront the great challenge of delivering important imaging and therapeutic agents to the brain for detection and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malka Shilo
- Bar-Ilan University, Faculty of Engineering & Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel.
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70
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Xu L, Zhang H, Wu Y. Dendrimer advances for the central nervous system delivery of therapeutics. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:2-13. [PMID: 24274162 DOI: 10.1021/cn400182z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of noninvasive treatment for central nervous system (CNS) diseases is generally limited by the poor access of therapeutic agents into the CNS. Most CNS drugs cannot permeate into the brain parenchyma because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and overcoming this has become one of the most significant challenges in the development of CNS therapeutics. Rapid advances in nanotechnology have provided promising solutions to this challenge. This review discusses the latest applications of dendrimers in the treatment of CNS diseases with an emphasis on brain tumors. Dendrimer-mediated drug delivery, imaging, and diagnosis are also reviewed. The toxicity, biodistribution, and transport mechanisms in dendrimer-mediated delivery of CNS therapeutic agents bypassing or crossing the BBB are also discussed. Future directions and major challenges of dendrimer-mediated delivery of CNS therapeutic agents are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyuan Xu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, §Department of Chemical
and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, §Department of Chemical
and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Yue Wu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, ‡Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, §Department of Chemical
and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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71
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Frigell J, García I, Gómez-Vallejo V, Llop J, Penadés S. 68Ga-labeled gold glyconanoparticles for exploring blood-brain barrier permeability: preparation, biodistribution studies, and improved brain uptake via neuropeptide conjugation. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 136:449-57. [PMID: 24320878 DOI: 10.1021/ja411096m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
New tools and techniques to improve brain visualization and assess drug permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are critically needed. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive, noninvasive technique that allows the evaluation of the BBB permeability under normal and disease-state conditions. In this work, we have developed the synthesis of novel water-soluble and biocompatible glucose-coated gold nanoparticles (GNPs) carrying BBB-permeable neuropeptides and a chelator of the positron emitter (68)Ga as a PET reporter for in vivo tracking biodistribution. The small GNPs (2 nm) are stabilized and solubilized by a glucose conjugate. A NOTA ligand is the chelating agent for the (68)Ga, and two related opioid peptides are used as targeting ligands for improving BBB crossing. The radioactive labeling of the GNPs is completed in 30 min at 70 °C followed by purification via centrifugal filtration. As a proof of principle, a biodistribution study in rats is performed for the different (68)Ga-GNPs. The accumulation of radioactivity in different organs after intravenous administration is measured by whole body PET imaging and gamma counter measurements of selected organs. The biodistribution of the (68)Ga-GNPs varies depending on the ligands, as GNPs with the same gold core size show different distribution profiles. One of the targeted (68)Ga-GNPs improves BBB crossing near 3-fold (0.020 ± 0.0050% ID/g) compared to nontargeted GNPs (0.0073 ± 0.0024% ID/g) as measured by dissection and tissue counting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Frigell
- Laboratory of GlycoNanotechnology, Biofunctional Nanomaterials Unit, CIC biomaGUNE, ‡CIBER-BBN, and §Radiochemistry Department, Molecular Imaging Unit, CIC biomaGUNE, Parque Tecnológico , Paseo Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
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72
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Agulla J, Brea D, Campos F, Sobrino T, Argibay B, Al-Soufi W, Blanco M, Castillo J, Ramos-Cabrer P. In vivo theranostics at the peri-infarct region in cerebral ischemia. Am J Cancer Res 2013; 4:90-105. [PMID: 24396517 PMCID: PMC3881229 DOI: 10.7150/thno.7088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of theranostics in neurosciences has been rare to date because of the limitations imposed on the free delivery of substances to the brain by the blood-brain barrier. Here we report the development of a theranostic system for the treatment of stroke, a leading cause of death and disability in developed countries. We first performed a series of proteomic, immunoblotting and immunohistological studies to characterize the expression of molecular biomarkers for the so-called peri-infarct tissue, a key region of the brain for stroke treatment. We confirmed that the HSP72 protein is a suitable biomarker for the peri-infarct region, as it is selectively expressed by at-risk tissue for up to 7 days following cerebral ischemia. We also describe the development of anti-HSP72 vectorized stealth immunoliposomes containing imaging probes to make them traceable by conventional imaging techniques (fluorescence and MRI) that were used to encapsulate a therapeutic agent (citicoline) for the treatment of cerebral ischemia. We tested the molecular recognition capabilities of these nano-platforms in vitro together with their diagnostic and therapeutic properties in vivo, in an animal model of cerebral ischemia. Using MRI, we found that 80% of vectorized liposomes were located on the periphery of the ischemic lesion, and animals treated with citicoline encapsulated on these liposomes presented lesion volumes up to 30% smaller than animals treated with free (non-encapsulated) drugs. Our results show the potential of nanotechnology for the development of effective tools for the treatment of neurological diseases.
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73
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Insight on the fate of CNS-targeted nanoparticles. Part I: Rab5-dependent cell-specific uptake and distribution. J Control Release 2013; 174:195-201. [PMID: 24316476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanocarriers can be useful tools for delivering drugs to the central nervous system (CNS). Their distribution within the brain and their interaction with CNS cells must be assessed accurately before they can be proposed for therapeutic use. In this paper, we investigated these issues by employing poly-lactide-co-glycolide nanoparticles (NPs) specifically engineered with a glycopeptide (g7) conferring to NPs the ability to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) at a concentration of up to 10% of the injected dose. g7-NPs display increased in vitro uptake in neurons and glial cells. Our results show that in vivo administration of g7-NPs leads to a region- and cell type-specific enrichment of NPs within the brain. We provide evidence that g7-NPs are endocytosed in a clathrin-dependent manner and transported into a specific subset of early endosomes positive for Rab5 in vitro and in vivo. The differential Rab5 expression level is strictly correlated with the amount of g7-NP accumulation. These findings show that g7-NPs can cross the BBB and target specific brain cell populations, suggesting that these NPs can be promising carriers for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.
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74
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Brain targeting effect of camptothecin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles in rat after intravenous administration. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 85:488-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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75
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Lesniak WG, Mishra MK, Jyoti A, Balakrishnan B, Zhang F, Nance E, Romero R, Kannan S, Kannan RM. Biodistribution of fluorescently labeled PAMAM dendrimers in neonatal rabbits: effect of neuroinflammation. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:4560-71. [PMID: 24116950 DOI: 10.1021/mp400371r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are being explored in many preclinical studies as drug, gene, and imaging agent delivery systems. Understanding their detailed organ, tissue, cellular uptake, and retention can provide valuable insights into their effectiveness as delivery vehicles and the associated toxicity. This work explores a fluorescence-quantification based assay that enables simultaneous quantitative biodistribution and imaging of dendrimers with a single agent. We have labeled an ethylenediamine-core generation-4 hydroxyl-terminated poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer using the fluorescent photostable, near-IR cyanine dye (Cy5) and performed quantitative and qualitative biodistribution of the dendrimer-Cy5 conjugates (D-Cy5) in healthy neonatal rabbits and neonatal rabbits with cerebral palsy (CP). The biodistribution of D-Cy5 and free Cy5 dye was evaluated in newborn rabbits, based on the developed quantification methods using fluorescence spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and supported by microscopic imaging. The uptake was assessed in the brain, heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, blood serum, and urine. Results obtained based on these three independent methods are in good agreement and indicate the fast renal clearance of D-Cy5 and free Cy5 with relatively higher organs accumulation of the D-Cy5 conjugate. Following systemic administration, the D-Cy5 mainly accumulated in kidneys and bladder at 24 h. The quantitative biodistribution is in good agreement with previous studies based on radiolabeling. These methods for dendrimers quantification are easier and more practical, provide excellent sensitivity (reaching 0.1 ng per gram of tissue), and allow for quantification of dendrimers in different organs over longer time periods without concerns for radioactive decay, while also enabling tissue and cellular imaging in the same animal. In kits with fetal-neuroinflammation induced CP, there was a significantly higher uptake of D-Cy5 in the brain, while biodistribution in other organs was similar to that of healthy kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech G Lesniak
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
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76
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Kozlovskaya L, Stepensky D. Quantitative analysis of the brain-targeted delivery of drugs and model compounds using nano-delivery systems. J Control Release 2013; 171:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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77
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Nagpal K, Singh SK, Mishra DN. Nanoparticle mediated brain targeted delivery of gallic acid: in vivo behavioral and biochemical studies for improved antioxidant and antidepressant-like activity. Drug Deliv 2013; 19:378-91. [PMID: 23173579 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2012.738437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Gallic acid had been reported to possess antidepressant like activity, which may be attributed to its CNS effects like increase in reduced glutathione levels, increased catalase activity and decreased malonaldehyde levels in brain. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to enhance the antidepressant-like activity of gallic acid (GA) using nanoparticulate delivery system in swiss male albino mice and to explore the possible underlying mechanisms for this activity. METHODS GA loaded chitosan nanoparticles (GANP) and corresponding tween 80 coated batch (cGANP) were formulated for brain targeting of GA and characterized for physicochemical parameters, morphology, differential scanning calorimetry and in vitro drug release. GA, GANP, cGANP (dose equivalent to GA 10 mg/kg, i.p.) and positive control drug, Fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered for successive seven days to male swiss albino mice. Then, the in vivo antidepressant-like activity was evaluated using Despair Swim Test (DST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST); along with the evaluation of MAO-A activity, reduced glutathione, malonaldehyde level, catalase and locomotor activity in mice. KEYFINDINGS: cGANP (equivalent to 10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly decreased immobility period of mice in DST and TST, indicating significant antidepressant-like activity. There was no significant effect on locomotor activity of the mice by GA and its nanoparticle formulations. cGANP (10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly decreased Monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) activity, malondialdehyde levels, and catalase activity in mice. CONCLUSIONS GA possess significant antidepressant like activity and ligand coated nanoparticle approach with improved brain targeting may serve as an effective approach to enhance such effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Nagpal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
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78
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Gao X, Qian J, Zheng S, Xiong Y, Man J, Cao B, Wang L, Ju S, Li C. Up-regulating blood brain barrier permeability of nanoparticles via multivalent effect. Pharm Res 2013; 30:2538-48. [PMID: 23494145 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the multivalent effect for up-regulating the intracerebral delivery of nanoparticles via receptor-mediated transcytosis. METHODS Nanoparticles labeled with near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore and different numbers of angiopep-2 peptides that specifically target low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) on the brain capillary endothelial cells were developed. Bio-distribution studies quantified the intracerebral uptakes of these nanoparticles at 2 and 24 h after intravenous injection. In vivo NIR fluorescence imaging, ex vivo autoradiographic imaging and 3D reconstructed NIR fluorescence imaging revealed the nanoparticle distribution pattern in brain. Fluorescence microscopic imaging identified the nanoparticle locations at the cellular level. RESULTS The multimetirc association between the angiopep-2 peptides labeled on the nanoparticle and the LRP receptors on the brain capillary endothelial cells significantly increased the intracerebral uptake of the nanoparticles. Nanoparticle Den-Angio4 labeled four angiopep-2 peptides achieved the highest BBB traverse efficacy. After penetrating the BBB, Den-Angio4 distributed heterogeneously and mainly located at hippocampus, striatum and cerebellum in the brains. CONCLUSIONS The multivalent effect significantly enhances the BBB permeability of nanoparticles. Den-Angio4 as a nanoparticle prototype provides a two order targeted strategy for diagnosis or treatment of central nerver system diseases by first traversing the BBB via receptor-mediated endocytosis and secondly targeting the leisions with high receptor expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
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79
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Mazza M, Notman R, Anwar J, Rodger A, Hicks M, Parkinson G, McCarthy D, Daviter T, Moger J, Garrett N, Mead T, Briggs M, Schätzlein AG, Uchegbu IF. Nanofiber-based delivery of therapeutic peptides to the brain. ACS NANO 2013; 7:1016-1026. [PMID: 23289352 DOI: 10.1021/nn305193d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins to the central nervous system is the biggest challenge when developing effective neuropharmaceuticals. The central issue is that the blood-brain barrier is impermeable to most molecules. Here we demonstrate the concept of employing an amphiphilic derivative of a peptide to deliver the peptide into the brain. The key to success is that the amphiphilic peptide should by design self-assemble into nanofibers wherein the active peptide epitope is tightly wrapped around the nanofiber core. The nanofiber form appears to protect the amphiphilic peptide from degradation while in the plasma, and the amphiphilic nature of the peptide promotes its transport across the blood-brain barrier. Therapeutic brain levels of the amphiphilic peptide are achieved with this strategy, compared with the absence of detectable peptide in the brain and the consequent lack of a therapeutic response when the underivatized peptide is administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosa Mazza
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
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80
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Hao ZF, Cui YX, Li MH, Du D, Liu MF, Tao HQ, Li S, Cao FY, Chen YL, Lei XH, Wang L, Zhu DL, Peng HS, Jiang CL. Liposomes modified with P-aminophenyl-α-D-mannopyranoside: a carrier for targeting cerebral functional regions in mice. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 84:505-16. [PMID: 23376242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Targeting of intracerebral functional regions has been limited by the inability to transport drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and by poor accumulation in these regions. To overcome these hurdles, liposomes modified with P-aminophenyl-α-d-mannopyranoside (MAN) were used as a fluorescent dye carrier through the BBB and used the specific distribution of liposomes (LIP) modified with MAN (MAN-LIP) to target various functional regions of the brain. An in vitro BBB model was established to evaluate the transendothelial ability of MAN-LIP, and liposomes uptake by C6 glioma cells was analyzed by flow cytometry and live cell imaging. Liposome targeting was evaluated using in vivo and ex vivo imaging. After MAN-LIP administration, the transendothelial ability and the delivery of fluorescent dye to the brain significantly increased. MAN-LIP concentrated in the cortex at 4 h, shifting distribution to the cerebellum and brainstem at 12 h. The fluorescence intensity in the hippocampus and pontine nuclei remained high and stable over a period of 12 h. The results demonstrate that MAN-LIP is able to enhance cellular uptake in vitro and also promotes penetration through the BBB and accumulation in the brain with a distinct spatio-temporal pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-fei Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
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81
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Nagpal K, Singh SK, Mishra DN. Drug targeting to brain: a systematic approach to study the factors, parameters and approaches for prediction of permeability of drugs across BBB. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:927-55. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.762354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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82
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Chiappetta DA, Hocht C, Opezzo JAW, Sosnik A. Intranasal administration of antiretroviral-loaded micelles for anatomical targeting to the brain in HIV. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 8:223-37. [PMID: 23173734 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the intranasal administration of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide) polymeric micelles loaded with high payloads of the first-line antiretroviral drug efavirenz for targeting to the CNS. METHODS & MATERIALS The effect of micellar size and composition and drug payload was assessed, employing simple micelles made of a highly hydrophilic copolymer, poloxamer F127, loaded with 20 mg/ml drug and mixed micelles containing 75% of a poloxamine of intermediate hydrophobicity, T904, and 25% F127 loaded with 20 and 30 mg/ml drug. F127 confers high physical stability, while T904 substantially improves the encapsulation capacity of the micelles. RESULTS The bioavailability of the drug in the CNS was increased fourfold and the relative exposure index (ratio between the area under the curve in the CNS and plasma) was increased fivefold with respect to the same system administered intravenously. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate the potential of this scalable and cost-viable strategy to address the HIV sanctuary in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Chiappetta
- The Group of Biomaterials & Nanotechnology for Improved Medicines (BIONIMED), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, 956 Junín St, 6th Floor, Buenos Aires CP1113, Argentina
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83
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Brain delivery of camptothecin by means of solid lipid nanoparticles: formulation design, in vitro and in vivo studies. Int J Pharm 2012; 439:49-62. [PMID: 23046667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
For the purpose of brain delivery upon intravenous injection, formulations of camptothecin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), prepared by hot high pressure homogenisation, were designed. Incorporation of camptothecin in the hydrophobic and acidic environment of SLN matrix was chosen to stabilise the lactone ring, which is essential for its antitumour activity, and for avoiding premature loss of drug on the way to target camptothecin to the brain. A multivariate approach was used to assess the influence of the qualitative and quantitative composition on the physicochemical properties of camptothecin-loaded SLN in comparison to plain SLN. Mean particle sizes of ≤200 nm, homogenous size distributions and high encapsulation efficiencies (>90%) were achieved for the most suitable formulations. In vitro release studies in plasma, showed a prolonged release profile of camptothecin from SLN, confirming the physical stability of the particles under physiological pH. A higher affinity of the SLN to the porcine brain capillary endothelial cells (BCEC) was shown in comparison to macrophages. MTT studies in BCEC revealed a moderate decrease in the cell viability of camptothecin, when incorporated in SLN compared to free camptothecin in solution. In vivo studies in rats showed that fluorescently labelled SLN were detected in the brain after i.v. administration. This study indicates that the camptothecin-loaded SLN are a promising drug brain delivery system worth to explore further for brain tumour therapy.
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84
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Lindqvist A, Rip J, Gaillard PJ, Björkman S, Hammarlund-Udenaes M. Enhanced brain delivery of the opioid peptide DAMGO in glutathione pegylated liposomes: a microdialysis study. Mol Pharm 2012; 10:1533-41. [PMID: 22934681 DOI: 10.1021/mp300272a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione PEGylated (GSH-PEG) liposomes were evaluated for their ability to enhance and prolong blood-to-brain drug delivery of the opioid peptide DAMGO (H-Tyr-d-Ala-Gly-MePhe-Gly-ol). An intravenous loading dose of DAMGO followed by a 2 h constant rate infusion was administered to rats, and after a washout period of 1 h, GSH-PEG liposomal DAMGO was administered using a similar dosing regimen. DAMGO and GSH-PEG liposomal DAMGO were also administered as a 10 min infusion to compare the disposition of the two formulations. Microdialysis made it possible to determine free DAMGO in brain and plasma, while the GSH-PEG liposomal encapsulated DAMGO was measured with regular plasma sampling. The antinociceptive effect of DAMGO was determined with the tail-flick method. All samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The short infusion of DAMGO resulted in a fast decline of the peptide concentration in plasma with a half-life of 9.2 ± 2.1 min. Encapsulation in GSH-PEG liposomes prolonged the half-life to 6.9 ± 2.3 h. Free DAMGO entered the brain to a limited extent with a steady state ratio between unbound drug concentrations in brain interstitial fluid and in blood (Kp,uu) of 0.09 ± 0.04. GSH-PEG liposomes significantly increased the brain exposure of DAMGO to a Kp,uu of 0.21 ± 0.17 (p < 0.05). By monitoring the released, active substance in both blood and brain interstitial fluid over time, we were able to demonstrate that GSH-PEG liposomes offer a promising platform for enhancing and prolonging the delivery of drugs to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Lindqvist
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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85
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Bommana MM, Kirthivasan B, Squillante E. In vivobrain microdialysis to evaluate FITC-dextran encapsulated immunopegylated nanoparticles. Drug Deliv 2012; 19:298-306. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2012.714812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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86
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Georgieva JV, Brinkhuis RP, Stojanov K, Weijers CAGM, Zuilhof H, Rutjes FPJT, Hoekstra D, van Hest JCM, Zuhorn IS. Peptide-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Transport of Polymersomes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201202001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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87
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Georgieva JV, Brinkhuis RP, Stojanov K, Weijers CAGM, Zuilhof H, Rutjes FPJT, Hoekstra D, van Hest JCM, Zuhorn IS. Peptide-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Transport of Polymersomes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:8339-42. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201202001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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88
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Tucker IG, Yang L, Mujoo H. Delivery of drugs to the brain via the blood brain barrier using colloidal carriers. J Microencapsul 2012; 29:475-86. [PMID: 22563886 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2012.658445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Delivering drugs to the brain is challenging given the selective permeability of the blood brain barrier (BBB). Targeted colloidal carriers containing drug payloads offer some promise for enhanced and perhaps selective delivery to brain. This review examines the recent literature and identifies issues to be addressed if these systems are to be rationally designed. These include opsonization of nanoparticles and off-target clearance; the cerebral microvasculature, flow of nanoparticles in capillaries and binding to the capillary wall; and transcytosis. Capillary architecture, blood flow and BBB permeability are affected by disease and age and there are species differences. These complexities caution against making extravagant claims for a particular nanosystem but they also highlight the rich opportunities and need for critical research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G Tucker
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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89
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Nunes A, Al-Jamal KT, Kostarelos K. Therapeutics, imaging and toxicity of nanomaterials in the central nervous system. J Control Release 2012; 161:290-306. [PMID: 22512901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Treatment and diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and other CNS disorders are nowadays considered some of the most challenging tasks in modern medicine. The development of effective strategies for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of CNS pathologies require better understanding of neurological disorders that is still lacking. The use of nanomaterials is thought to contribute to our further understanding of the CNS and the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic modalities for neurological interventions. Even though the application of nanoparticles in neuroscience is still embryonic, this article attempts to illustrate the use of different types of nanomaterials and the way in which they have been used in various CNS applications in an attempt to limit or reverse neuropathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Nunes
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Centre for Drug Delivery Research, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
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90
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Costantino L, Boraschi D. Is there a clinical future for polymeric nanoparticles as brain-targeting drug delivery agents? Drug Discov Today 2012; 17:367-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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91
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Perez AP, Mundiña-Weilenmann C, Romero EL, Morilla MJ. Increased brain radioactivity by intranasal P-labeled siRNA dendriplexes within in situ-forming mucoadhesive gels. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:1373-85. [PMID: 22457595 PMCID: PMC3310412 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s28261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecules taken up by olfactory and trigeminal nerve neurons directly access the brain by the nose-to-brain pathway. In situ-forming mucoadhesive gels would increase the residence time of intranasal material, favoring the nose-to-brain delivery. In this first approach, brain radioactivity after intranasal administration of (32)P-small interference RNA (siRNA) complexed with poly(amidoamine) G7 dendrimers (siRNA dendriplexes) within in situ-forming mucoadhesive gels, was determined. MATERIALS (32)P-siRNA dendriplexes were incorporated into in situ-forming mucoadhesive gels prepared by blending thermosensitive poloxamer (23% w/w) with mucoadhesive chitosan (1% w/w, PxChi) or carbopol (0.25% w/w, PxBCP). Rheological properties, radiolabel release profile, and local toxicity in rat nasal mucosa were determined. The best-suited formulation was intranasally administered to rats, and blood absorption and brain distribution of radioactivity were measured. RESULTS The gelation temperature of both formulations was 23°C. The PxChi liquid showed non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior of high consistency and difficult manipulation, and the gel retained 100% of radiolabel after 150 minutes. The PxCBP liquid showed a Newtonian behavior of low viscosity and easy manipulation, while in the gel phase showed apparent viscosity similar to that of the mucus but higher than that of aqueous solution. The gel released 35% of radiolabel and the released material showed silencing activity in vitro. Three intranasal doses of dendriplexes in PxCBP gel did not damage the rat nasal mucosa. A combination of (32)P-siRNA complexation with dendrimers, incorporation of the dendriplexes into PxCBP gel, and administration of two intranasal doses was necessary to achieve higher brain radioactivity than that achieved by intravenous dendriplexes or intranasal naked siRNA. CONCLUSION The increased radioactivity within the olfactory bulb suggested that the combination above mentioned favored the mediation of a direct brain delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Perez
- Programa de Nanomedicinas, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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92
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Tosi G, Badiali L, Ruozi B, Vergoni AV, Bondioli L, Ferrari A, Rivasi F, Forni F, Vandelli MA. Can leptin-derived sequence-modified nanoparticles be suitable tools for brain delivery? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:365-82. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: In order to increase the knowledge on the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in brain targeting, this article describes the conjugation of the sequence 12–32 (g21) of leptin to poly-lactide-co-glycolide NPs. The capability of these modified NPs to reach the brain was evaluated in rats after intravenous administration. Materials & Methods: The g21 was linked on the surface of NPs labeled with tetramethylrhodamine by means of the Avidin-Biotin technology. The g21-labeled NPs were injected into the tail vein of rats and, after animal sacrifice, the brain localization was evaluated by confocal microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. Studies to evaluate the biodistribution of the g21-modified NPs in comparison to the unmodified NPs were also carried out. Moreover, to confirm the absence of any anorectic effect of g21 linked on the surface of NPs, appropriate studies were used to assess the rats. Results: After intravenous administration, the g21-modified NPs were able to cross the blood–brain barrier and to enter the brain parenchyma. The biodistribution studies of both unmodified and modified NPs pointed out an uptake at liver and spleen level, whereas only the g21-modified NPs showed brain localization. The food-intake experiments pointed out that the intravenous administration of g21 conjugated to the NP surface did not produce any anorectic effect in the rats. Conclusion: g21-modified NPs were able to cross the blood–brain barrier. These new modified NPs could be effectively considered as useful carrier systems for brain drug delivery. Original submitted: 27/11/2010; Revised submitted: 09/03/2011
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tosi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via Campi, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Badiali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via Campi, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Barbara Ruozi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via Campi, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Valeria Vergoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via Campi, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Lucia Bondioli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via Campi, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Ferrari
- Department of Diagnostic Services, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Rivasi
- Department of Morphological Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41000 Modena, Italy
| | - Flavio Forni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via Campi, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Vandelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via Campi, 41100 Modena, Italy
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van Rooy I, Hennink WE, Storm G, Schiffelers RM, Mastrobattista E. Attaching the phage display-selected GLA peptide to liposomes: Factors influencing target binding. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 45:330-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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