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He W, Loganathan N, Tran A, Belsham DD. Npy transcription is regulated by noncanonical STAT3 signaling in hypothalamic neurons: Implication with lipotoxicity and obesity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 586:112179. [PMID: 38387703 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (Npy) is an abundant neuropeptide expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. NPY-secreting neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus regulate energy homeostasis, and Npy mRNA expression is regulated by peripheral nutrient and hormonal signals like leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and fatty acids. This study demonstrates that IL-6, which phosphorylates tyrosine 705 (Y705) of STAT3, decreased Npy mRNA in arcuate immortalized hypothalamic neurons. In parallel, inhibitors of STAT3-Y705 phosphorylation, stattic and cucurbitacin I, robustly upregulated Npy mRNA. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation showed high baseline total STAT3 binding to multiple regulatory regions of the Npy gene, which are decreased by IL-6 exposure. The STAT3-Npy interaction was further examined in obesity-related pathologies. Notably, in four different hypothalamic neuronal models where palmitate potently stimulated Npy mRNA, Socs3, a specific STAT3 activity marker, was downregulated and was negatively correlated with Npy mRNA levels (R2 = 0.40, p < 0.001), suggesting that disrupted STAT3 signaling is involved in lipotoxicity-mediated dysregulation of Npy. Finally, human NPY SNPs that map to human obesity or body mass index were investigated for potential STAT3 binding sites. Although none of the SNPs were linked to direct STAT3 binding, analysis show that rs17149106 (-602 G > T) is located on an upstream enhancer element of NPY, where the variant is predicted to disrupt validated binding of KLF4, a known inhibitory cofactor of STAT3 and downstream effector of leptin signaling. Collectively, this study demonstrates that STAT3 signaling negatively regulates Npy transcription, and that disruption of this interaction may contribute to metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan He
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Andy Tran
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Denise D Belsham
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Gallo RL, Horswill AR. Staphylococcus aureus: The Bug Behind the Itch in Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:950-953. [PMID: 38430083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Pruritus or itch is a defining symptom of atopic dermatitis (AD). The origins of itch are complex, and it is considered both a defense mechanism and a cause of disease that leads to inflammation and psychological stress. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the processes that trigger itch, particularly the pruritoceptive origins that are generated in the skin. This perspective review discusses the implications of a recent observation that the V8 protease expressed by Staphylococcus aureus can directly trigger sensory neurons in the skin through activation of protease-activated receptor 1. This may be a key to understanding why itch is so common in AD because S. aureus commonly overgrows in this disease owing to deficient antimicrobial defense from both the epidermis and the cutaneous microbiome. Increased understanding of the role of microbes in AD provides increased opportunities for safely improving the treatment of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
| | - Alexander R Horswill
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Wang C, Wang Z, Zi Y, Dan X, Xu J, Zhao J, Xu W, Wu Z, Liu W, Ma B. Compensatory upregulation of MT2A alleviates neurogenic intermittent claudication through inhibiting activated p38 MAPK-mediated neuronal apoptosis. Hum Cell 2024; 37:675-688. [PMID: 38546949 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Neurogenic intermittent claudication (NIC), a classic symptom of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), is associated with neuronal apoptosis. To explore the novel therapeutic target of NIC treatment, we constructed the rat model of NIC by cauda equina compression (CEC) method and collected dorsal root ganglion (DRG) tissues, a region responsible for sensory and motor function, for mRNA sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis of mRNA sequencing indicated that upregulated metallothionein 2A (MT2A), an apoptosis-regulating gene belonging to the metallothionein family, might participate in NIC progression. Activated p38 MAPK mediated motor dysfunction following LSS and it was also found in DRG tissues of rats with NIC. Therefore, we supposed that MT2A might affect NIC progression by regulating p38 MAPK pathway. Then the rat model of NIC was used to explore the exact role of MT2A. Rats at day 7 post-CEC exhibited poorer motor function and had two-fold MT2A expression in DRG tissues compared with rats with sham operation. Co-localization analysis showed that MT2A was highly expressed in neurons, but not in microglia or astrocytes. Subsequently, neurons isolated from DRG tissues of rats were exposed to hypoxia condition (3% O2, 92% N2, 5% CO2) to induce cell damage. Gain of MT2A function in neurons was performed by lentivirus-mediated overexpression. MT2A overexpression inhibited apoptosis by inactivating p38 MAPK in hypoxia-exposed neurons. Our findings indicated that high MT2A expression was related to NIC progression, and MT2A overexpression protected against NIC through inhibiting activated p38 MAPK-mediated neuronal apoptosis in DRG tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Wang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Zhanchao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chongming Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zi
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Hospital of the Northern Theater of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuejian Dan
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Jingwei Zhao
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Zhourui Wu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.
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Deepa SS, Thadathil N, Corral J, Mohammed S, Pham S, Rose H, Kinter MT, Richardson A, Díaz-García CM. MLKL overexpression leads to Ca 2+ and metabolic dyshomeostasis in a neuronal cell model. Cell Calcium 2024; 119:102854. [PMID: 38430790 PMCID: PMC10990772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The necroptotic effector molecule MLKL accumulates in neurons over the lifespan of mice, and its downregulation has the potential to improve cognition through neuroinflammation, and changes in the abundance of synaptic proteins and enzymes in the central nervous system. Notwithstanding, direct evidence of cell-autonomous effects of MLKL expression on neuronal physiology and metabolism are lacking. Here, we tested whether the overexpression of MLKL in the absence of cell death in the neuronal cell line Neuro-2a recapitulates some of the hallmarks of aging at the cellular level. Using genetically-encoded fluorescent biosensors, we monitored the cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels, along with the cytosolic concentrations of several metabolites involved in energy metabolism (lactate, glucose, ATP) and oxidative stress (oxidized/reduced glutathione). We found that MLKL overexpression marginally decreased cell viability, however, it led to reduced cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ elevations in response to Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space. On the contrary, Ca2+ signals were elevated after mobilizing Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum. Transient elevations in cytosolic Ca2+, mimicking neuronal stimulation, lead to higher lactate levels and lower glucose concentrations in Neuro-2a cells when overexpressing MLKL, which suggest enhanced neuronal glycolysis. Despite these alterations, energy levels and glutathione redox state in the cell bodies remained largely preserved after inducing MLKL overexpression for 24-48 h. Taken together, our proof-of-concept experiments are consistent with the hypothesis that MLKL overexpression in the absence of cell death contributes to both Ca2+ and metabolic dyshomeostasis, which are cellular hallmarks of brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathyaseelan S Deepa
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA; Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Nidheesh Thadathil
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA
| | - Jorge Corral
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA; Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA
| | - Sabira Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA; Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sophia Pham
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA; Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA
| | - Hadyn Rose
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA; Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA
| | - Michael T Kinter
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA; Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Carlos Manlio Díaz-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA; Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA; Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA.
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Wang Y, Li S, Chen M, Zeng M, Zhou L, Yao R, Pang B, Xu Y, Cao S, Guo S, Cui X. Shenyu ningshen tablet reduced neuronal damage in the hippocampus of chronic restraint stress model rat by inhibiting A1-reactive astrocytes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28916. [PMID: 38655362 PMCID: PMC11035944 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Shenyu Ningshen (SYNS) tablet is the first pure Chinese medicinal small compound preparation approved for clinical trials for the treatment of depression in China. Clinical experiments confirmed that the formulation had a significant Improvement effect against depression due to the deficiency of both qi and yin. It has been shown to exhibit noticeable anti-inflammatory effect in an animal model of depression. Our previous study showed that SYNS could effectively inhibit the inflammatory response in a depression model. Aim of the study The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of SYNS on neurons and explore whether the underlying mechanism was associated with A1s. Materials and methods The depression model of solitary raising-chronic restraint stress (CRS) rats was established; body weight examination, sugar water preference test, open field test, and histological analysis were performed to preliminarily verify the efficacy of the formulation. Subsequently, neuronal nucleus (NeuN) and synaptic-associated proteins (MAP2 and PSD95) were labeled, and the protective effect of SYNS on hippocampal neurons was observed based on the fluorescence intensity of the above indicators. Western blotting, histological examination, and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of SYNS on neuroinflammation and activation of A1s in CRS depression model. Results SYNS improved behavioral indicators such as weight loss, pleasure loss, and reduced exercise volume in CRS rat model. SYNS restored the CRS-induced histopathological changes in the hippocampus. SYNS showed a certain degree of protective effect on synapses. Further, SYNS inhibited the activation of A1s by inhibiting neuroinflammatory factors in the hippocampus. Conclusion Our results showed that SYNS had a certain degree of neuroprotective effect, which might be related to its inhibition of the inflammatory response and A1s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuran Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengping Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meihua Zeng
- Guangdong Si Ji Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, China
| | - Lirun Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongmei Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingli Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Cao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolan Cui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Kuznetsov AV. Numerical modeling of senile plaque development under conditions of limited diffusivity of amyloid-β monomers. J Theor Biol 2024; 587:111823. [PMID: 38608804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This paper introduces a new model to simulate the progression of senile plaques, focusing on scenarios where concentrations of amyloid beta (Aβ) monomers and aggregates vary between neurons. Extracellular variations in these concentrations may arise due to limited diffusivity of Aβ monomers and a high rate of Aβ monomer production at lipid membranes, requiring a substantial concentration gradient for diffusion-driven transport of Aβ monomers. The dimensionless formulation of the model is presented, which identifies four key dimensionless parameters governing the solutions for Aβ monomer and aggregate concentrations, as well as the radius of a growing Aβ plaque within the control volume. These parameters include the dimensionless diffusivity of Aβ monomers, the dimensionless rate of Aβ monomer production, and the dimensionless half-lives of Aβ monomers and aggregates. A dimensionless parameter is then introduced to evaluate the validity of the lumped capacitance approximation. An approximate solution is derived for the scenario involving large diffusivity of Aβ monomers and dysfunctional protein degradation machinery, resulting in infinitely long half-lives for Aβ monomers and aggregates. In this scenario, the concentrations of Aβ aggregates and the radius of the Aβ plaque depend solely on a single dimensionless parameter that characterizes the rate of Aβ monomer production. According to the approximate solution, the concentration of Aβ aggregates is linearly dependent on the rate of monomer production, and the radius of an Aβ plaque is directly proportional to the cube root of the rate of monomer production. However, when departing from the conditions of the approximate solution (e.g., finite half-lives), the concentrations of Aβ monomers and aggregates, along with the plaque radius, exhibit complex dependencies on all four dimensionless parameters. For instance, under physiological half-life conditions, the plaque radius reaches a maximum value and stabilizes thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Kuznetsov
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7910, USA.
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Shen Y, Shao M, Hao ZZ, Huang M, Xu N, Liu S. Multimodal Nature of the Single-cell Primate Brain Atlas: Morphology, Transcriptome, Electrophysiology, and Connectivity. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:517-532. [PMID: 38194157 PMCID: PMC11003949 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Primates exhibit complex brain structures that augment cognitive function. The neocortex fulfills high-cognitive functions through billions of connected neurons. These neurons have distinct transcriptomic, morphological, and electrophysiological properties, and their connectivity principles vary. These features endow the primate brain atlas with a multimodal nature. The recent integration of next-generation sequencing with modified patch-clamp techniques is revolutionizing the way to census the primate neocortex, enabling a multimodal neuronal atlas to be established in great detail: (1) single-cell/single-nucleus RNA-seq technology establishes high-throughput transcriptomic references, covering all major transcriptomic cell types; (2) patch-seq links the morphological and electrophysiological features to the transcriptomic reference; (3) multicell patch-clamp delineates the principles of local connectivity. Here, we review the applications of these technologies in the primate neocortex and discuss the current advances and tentative gaps for a comprehensive understanding of the primate neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Mingting Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhao-Zhe Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Mengyao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Nana Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Park TH, Park IS, Kim J. How to Enhance the Success of Selective Neurectomy for Facial Synkinesis by Considering the Patient's Preferences: Lesson Learned from a Retrospective Analysis of 122 Cases. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024; 48:1249-1257. [PMID: 37726398 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facial synkinesis can result in facial tightness, smile dysfunction, and eyelid aperture narrowing due to overactive and uncoordinated muscle activity. We hypothesized that the outcome of a selective neurectomy could rely on the patient's chief complaints. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 122 patients who underwent selective neurectomy at our hospital. Preoperatively, the patients were asked nine questionnaires to identify their two major chief complaints (treatment priorities). Postoperatively, facial tightness, limited mouth movement, and eyelid aperture narrowing were measured. RESULTS The most common chief complaints in our series were facial tightness (n=38), eyelid narrowing (n=32), and limited mouth movement (n=28); the second most common chief complaints (second priority) were limited mouth movement (n=47), facial tightness (n=21), and eyelid narrowing (n=20). The mean score for facial tightness significantly improved from 4.3 to 1.1 in the first priority group. Among the 28 patients whose corners of the mouth constituted the top priority of surgical correction, the vertical inclination on the affected side significantly improved from 74.1 ± 7.6° to 55.5 ± 6.0°, and the horizontal angles were changed from 4.2 ± 2.7° to 2.0 ± 1.3° after selective neurectomy without statistically significant. Among the 32 patients for whom eyelid narrowing constituted the top priority, the mean eyelid narrowing score improved from 4.5 ± 1.1 to 1.5 ± 1.2. CONCLUSIONS Selective neurectomy can provide a significantly satisfactory outcome regarding facial tightness and eyelid aperture narrowing. The vertical inclination of the mouth corner can be significantly improved, while the improvement of horizontal angles can be suboptimal. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hwan Park
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, 18450, South Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, South Korea
| | - Il Seok Park
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, 18450, South Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, South Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, 18450, South Korea.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, South Korea.
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Ohmine K, Morinaga Y, Kobayashi S, Matsubara A, Sadanaga K, Tohtani S, Saeki H, Horiuchi H, Fujikawa Y, Sumi K, Natsume M, Inoue H. Cacao Procyanidins-Induced Lifespan Extension in Caenorhabditis elegans in a Nervous System and CaMKII-Dependent Manner. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae050. [PMID: 38366688 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Procyanidins are gaining attention due to their potential health benefits. We found that cacao liquor procyanidin (CLPr) from Theobroma cacao seeds increased the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans, a representative model organism for aging studies. The genetic dependence of the lifespan-extending effect of CLPr was consistent with that of blueberry procyanidin, which is dependent on unc-43, osr-1, sek-1, and mev-1, but not on daf-16, sir-2.1, or skn-1. The lifespan-extending effect of CLPr was inhibited by neuron-specific RNA interference (RNAi) targeting unc-43 and pmk-1, and in worms with loss-of-function mutations in the odr-3, odr-1, or tax-4 genes, which are essential in sensory neurons, including AWC neurons. It was also inhibited in worms in which AWC neurons or AIB interneurons had been eliminated, and in worms with loss-of-function mutations in eat-4 or glr-1, which are responsible for glutamatergic synaptic transmission. These results suggest that the lifespan-extending effect of CLPr is dependent on the nervous system. In addition, it also requires unc-43 and pmk-1 expression in nonneuronal cells, as demonstrated by the experiments with RNAi in wild-type worms, the neuronal cells of which are not affected by systemic RNAi. The osr-1 gene is expressed in hypodermal and intestinal cells and regulates the response to osmotic stress along with unc-43/calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Consistent with this, CLPr improved osmotic stress tolerance in an unc-43- and pmk-1-dependent manner, and it was also dependent on AWC neurons. The lifespan-extending and osmotic-tolerance-improving activities were attributed to procyanidins with a tetrameric or higher-order oligomeric structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiya Ohmine
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Morinaga
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sarina Kobayashi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aika Matsubara
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaito Sadanaga
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tohtani
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Saeki
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Horiuchi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Fujikawa
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Sumi
- R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hideshi Inoue
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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Peng Z, Ding YN, Yang ZM, Li XJ, Zhuang Z, Lu Y, Tang QS, Hang CH, Li W. Neuron-targeted liposomal coenzyme Q10 attenuates neuronal ferroptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage by activating the ferroptosis suppressor protein 1/coenzyme Q10 system. Acta Biomater 2024:S1742-7061(24)00160-0. [PMID: 38561074 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is primarily attributed to the rupture of intracranial aneurysms and is associated with a high incidence of disability and mortality. SAH disrupts the blood‒brain barrier, leading to the release of iron ions from blood within the subarachnoid space, subsequently inducing neuronal ferroptosis. A recently discovered protein, known as ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), exerts anti-ferroptotic effects by facilitating the conversion of oxidative coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ10) to its reduced form, which effectively scavenges reactive oxygen radicals and mitigates iron-induced ferroptosis. In our investigation, we observed an increase in FSP1 levels following SAH. However, the depletion of CoQ10 caused by SAH hindered the biological function of FSP1. Therefore, we created neuron-targeted liposomal CoQ10 by introducing the neuron-targeting peptide Tet1 onto the surface of liposomal CoQ10. Our objective was to determine whether this formulation could activate the FSP1 system and subsequently inhibit neuronal ferroptosis. Our findings revealed that neuron-targeted liposomal CoQ10 effectively localized to neurons at the lesion site after SAH. Furthermore, it facilitated the upregulation of FSP1, reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species, inhibited neuronal ferroptosis, and exerted neuroprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo. Our study provides evidence that supplementation with CoQ10 can effectively activate the FSP1 system. Additionally, we developed a neuron-targeted liposomal CoQ10 formulation that can be selectively delivered to neurons at the site of SAH. This innovative approach represents a promising therapeutic strategy for neuronal ferroptosis following SAH. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is primarily attributed to the rupture of intracranial aneurysms and is associated with a high incidence of disability and mortality. Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), exerts anti-ferroptotic effects by facilitating the conversion of oxidative coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ10) to its reduced form, which effectively scavenges reactive oxygen radicals and mitigates iron-induced ferroptosis. In our investigation, we observed an increase in FSP1 levels following SAH. However, the depletion of CoQ10 caused by SAH hindered the biological function of FSP1. Therefore, we created neuron-targeted liposomal CoQ10. We find that it effectively localized to neurons at the lesion site after SAH and activated the FSP1/CoQ10 system. This innovative approach represents a promising therapeutic strategy for neuronal ferroptosis following SAH and other central nervous system diseases characterized by disruption of the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Neurosurgical Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yi-Nan Ding
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | | | - Xiao-Jian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Neurosurgical Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zong Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Neurosurgical Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Neurosurgical Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qiu-Sha Tang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chun-Hua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Neurosurgical Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Neurosurgical Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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11
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Gillani RL, Kironde EN, Whiteman S, Zwang TJ, Bacskai BJ. Instability of excitatory synapses in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and the outcome for excitatory circuit inputs to individual cortical neurons. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:251-260. [PMID: 38552924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Synapses are lost on a massive scale in the brain and spinal cord of people living with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), and this synaptic loss extends far beyond demyelinating lesions. Post-mortem studies show the long-term consequences of multiple sclerosis (MS) on synapses but do not inform on the early impacts of neuroinflammation on synapses that subsequently lead to synapse loss. How excitatory circuit inputs are altered across the dendritic tree of individual neurons under neuroinflammatory stress is not well understood. Here, we directly assessed the structural dynamics of labeled excitatory synapses in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model of immune-mediated cortical neuronal damage. We used in vivo two-photon imaging and a synthetic tissue-hydrogel super-resolution imaging technique to reveal the dynamics of excitatory synapses, map their location across the dendritic tree of individual neurons, and examine neurons at super-resolution for synaptic loss. We found that excitatory synapses are destabilized but not lost from dendritic spines in EAE, starting with the earliest imaging session before symptom onset. This led to changes in excitatory circuit inputs to individual cells. In EAE, stable synapses are replaced by synapses that appear or disappear across the imaging sessions or repeatedly change at the same location. These unstable excitatory inputs occur closer to one another in EAE than in healthy controls and are distributed across the dendritic tree. When imaged at super-resolution, we found that a small proportion of dendritic protrusions lost their presynapse and/or postsynapse. Our finding of diffuse destabilizing effects of neuroinflammation on excitatory synapses across cortical neurons may have significant functional consequences since normal dendritic spine dynamics and clustering are essential for learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Gillani
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Infectious Diseases Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Eseza N Kironde
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Whiteman
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Theodore J Zwang
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian J Bacskai
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Padilla-Ferrer A, Carrete A, Simon A, Meffre D, Jafarian-Tehrani M. A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease 10 expression within the murine central nervous system. Brain Res 2024; 1834:148888. [PMID: 38548249 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10), is able to control several important physiopathological processes through the shedding of a large number of protein substrates. Although ADAM10 plays a crucial role in the central nervous system (CNS) development and function, its protein distribution in the CNS has not been fully addressed. Here, we described the regional and cellular ADAM10 protein expression in C57BL/6 mice examined by immunofluorescence 1) throughout the adult mouse brain, cerebellum and spinal cord in vivo and 2) in different cell types as neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia in vitro. We observed ADAM10 expression through the whole CNS, with a strong expression in the hippocampus, in the hypothalamus and in the cerebral and piriform cortex in the brain, in the Purkinje and in granular cell layers in the cerebellum and in the spinal cord to a lower extent. In vivo, ADAM10 protein expression was mainly found in neurons and in some oligodendroglial cell populations. However, in primary cultures we observed ADAM10 expression in neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia. Interestingly, ADAM10 was not only found in the membrane but also in cytoplasmic vesicles and in the nucleus of primary cultured cells. Overall, this work highlights a wide distribution of ADAM10 throughout the CNS. The nuclear localization of ADAM10, probably due to its intracellular domain, emphasizes its role in cell signalling in physiological and pathological conditions. Further investigations are required to better elucidate the role of ADAM10 in glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Carrete
- Université Paris Cité and Inserm, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
| | - Anne Simon
- Université Paris Cité and Inserm, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
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13
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Yang L, Xiong J, Liu Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Si Y, Zhu B, Chen H, Cao S, Ye J. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the immune features and viral tropism in the central nervous system of mice infected with Japanese encephalitis virus. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:76. [PMID: 38532383 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic pathogen that causes lethal encephalitis. The high susceptibility and massive proliferation of JEV in neurons lead to extensive neuronal damage and inflammation within the central nervous system. Despite extensive research on JEV pathogenesis, the effect of JEV on the cellular composition and viral tropism towards distinct neuronal subtypes in the brain is still not well comprehended. To address these issues, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on cells isolated from the JEV-highly infected regions of mouse brain. We obtained 88,000 single cells and identified 34 clusters representing 10 major cell types. The scRNA-seq results revealed an increasing amount of activated microglia cells and infiltrating immune cells, including monocytes & macrophages, T cells, and natural killer cells, which were associated with the severity of symptoms. Additionally, we observed enhanced communication between individual cells and significant ligand-receptor pairs related to tight junctions, chemokines and antigen-presenting molecules upon JEV infection, suggesting an upregulation of endothelial permeability, inflammation and antiviral response. Moreover, we identified that Baiap2-positive neurons were highly susceptible to JEV. Our findings provide valuable clues for understanding the mechanism of JEV induced neuro-damage and inflammation as well as developing therapies for Japanese encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling'en Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junyao Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yinguang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xugang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Youhui Si
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bibo Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shengbo Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Jing Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Xu J, Ren Z, Niu T, Li S. Mechanism of Fat Mass and Obesity-Related Gene-Mediated Heme Oxygenase-1 m6A Modification in the Recovery of Neurological Function in Mice with Spinal Cord Injury. Orthop Surg 2024. [PMID: 38514911 DOI: 10.1111/os.14002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the mechanism of fat mass and obesity-related gene (FTO)-mediated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) m6A modification facilitating neurological recovery in spinal cord injury (SCI) mice. FTO/HO-1 was identified as a key regulator of SCI as well as a potential target for treatment of SCI. METHODS An SCI mouse was treated with pcDNA3.1-FTO/pcDNA3.1-NC/Dac51. An oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) cell model simulated SCI, with cells treated with pcDNA3.1-FTO/si-HO-1/Dac51. Motor function and neurobehavioral evaluation were assessed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale and modified neurological severity score (mNSS). Spinal cord pathology and neuronal apoptosis were assessed. Further, FTO/HO-1 mRNA and protein levels, HO-1 mRNA stability, the interaction of YTHDF2 with HO-1 mRNA, neuronal viability/apoptosis, and HO-1 m6A modification were evaluated. RESULTS Spinal cord injury mice exhibited reduced BBB, elevated mNSS scores, disorganized spinal cord cells, scattered nuclei, and severe nucleus pyknosis. pcDNA3.1-FTO elevated FTO mRNA, protein expression, and BBB score; reduced the mNSS score of SCI mice; decreased neuronal apoptosis; improved the cell arrangement; and improved nucleus pyknosis in spinal cord tissues. OGD decreased FTO expression. FTO upregulation ameliorated OGD-induced neuronal apoptosis. pcDNA3.1-FTO reduced HO-1 mRNA and protein and HO-1 m6A modification, while increasing HO-1 mRNA stability and FTO in OGD-treated cells. FTO upregulated HO-1 by modulating m6A modification. HO-1 downregulation attenuated the effect of FTO. pcDNA3.1-FTO/Dac51 increased the HO-1 m6A level in mouse spinal cord tissue homogenate, reduced BBB, boosted mNSS scores of SCI mice, aggravated nucleus pyknosis, and increased neuronal apoptosis in spinal cord tissues, confirming that FTO mediated HO-1 m6A modification facilitated neurological recovery in SCI mice. CONCLUSION The fat mass and obesity-related gene modulates HO-1 mRNA stability by regulating m6A modification levels, thereby influencing HO-1 expression and promoting neurological recovery in SCI mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenxiao Ren
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology), Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianzuo Niu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology), Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology), Guangzhou, China
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15
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Kuznetsov AV. Lewy body radius growth: The hypothesis of the cube root of time dependency. J Theor Biol 2024; 581:111734. [PMID: 38246486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents a model for the growth of Lewy bodies (LBs), which are pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). The model simulates the growth of classical LBs, consisting of a core and a halo. The core is assumed to comprise lipid membrane fragments and damaged organelles, while the halo consists of radiating alpha-synuclein (α-syn) fibrils. The Finke-Watzky model is employed to simulate the aggregation of lipid fragments and α-syn monomers. Analytical and numerical exploration of the governing equations yielded approximate solutions applicable for larger times. The application of these approximate solutions to simulate LB radius growth led to the discovery of the cube root hypothesis, which posits that the LB radius is proportional to the cube root of its growth time. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the LB radius is unaffected by the kinetic rates of nucleation and autocatalytic growth, with growth primarily regulated by the production rates of lipid membrane fragments and α-syn monomers. The model indicates that the formation of large LBs associated with PD is dependent on the malfunction of the machinery responsible for the degradation of lipid membrane fragments, α-syn monomers, and their aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Kuznetsov
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7910, USA.
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16
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Zhang P, Li J, Li W, Qiao S, Ou Y, Yuan X. Synaptic endocytosis in adult adipose stromal cell-derived neurons. Brain Res 2024; 1827:148746. [PMID: 38184164 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Synapses are essential for facilitating the transmission of information between neurons and for executing neurophysiological processes. Following the exocytosis of neurotransmitters, the synaptic vesicle may quickly undergo endocytosis to preserve the structural integrity of the synapse. When converting adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) into neurons, the ADSCs have already demonstrated comparable morphology, structure, and electrophysiological characteristics to neurons. Nevertheless, there is currently no published study on the endocytotic function of neurons that are produced from ADSCs. This study aimed to examine synaptic endocytosis in neurons derived from ADSCs by qualitatively and quantitatively analyzing the presence of Ap-2, Clathrin, Endophilin, Dynamin, and Hsc70, which are the key proteins involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), as well as by using FM1-43 and cadmium selenide quantum dots (CdSe QDs). Additionally, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to look at the levels of both neuronal markers and markers related to CME at the same time. The results of this study provide evidence that synapses in neurons produced from ADSCs have a role in endocytosis, mainly through the CME route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingshu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Kailuan General Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China; Neurobiology Key Laboratory of HeBei, Tangshan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Radiology Department of Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Tangshan City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Neurology, Kailuan General Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China; Neurobiology Key Laboratory of HeBei, Tangshan, China
| | - Sijia Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Kailuan General Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China; Neurobiology Key Laboratory of HeBei, Tangshan, China
| | - Ya Ou
- Department of Neurology, Kailuan General Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China; Neurobiology Key Laboratory of HeBei, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaodong Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Kailuan General Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China; Neurobiology Key Laboratory of HeBei, Tangshan, China.
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Ngernsoungnern P, Rungsawang P, Janthaweera A, Duangsuwan P, Saowakon N, Sritangos P, Ngernsoungnern A. Ultrastructural study of neuronal cells and localization of ghrelin-like peptide and its receptor in the ganglia of the golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata). Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102348. [PMID: 38493758 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Pomacea canaliculata is an invasive snail species causing major problems in agriculture. The snail biology was then investigated. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the nervous system of the snail. The nervous system comprises pairs of cerebral, buccal, pedal, pleural, parietal ganglia and an unpaired visceral ganglion. Most neurons were concentrated at the periphery of the ganglia. The neurons were classified into four types: NR1, NR2, NR3, and NR4. The percentages of the NR3 and NR4 in the pleural and pedal ganglia were significantly higher than those of other ganglia. Ultrastructural study revealed that nuclei of all neuronal types exhibited mostly euchromatins. Many organelles including ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum were found in their cytoplasm. However, various mitochondria were found in the NR2 and NR3. The immunohistochemistry revealed immunoreactivity of ghrelin-like peptide in the neurons of the cerebral, pleural and pedal ganglia. However, immunoreactivity of GHS-R1a-like peptide existed only in the neurons of the pleural and pedal ganglia. The present study is the first to demonstrate the existence of ghrelin-like peptide and its receptor in P. canaliculata nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyada Ngernsoungnern
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Piyachat Rungsawang
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | | | - Pornsawan Duangsuwan
- Anatomy Program, Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Naruwan Saowakon
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Pishyaporn Sritangos
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Apichart Ngernsoungnern
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
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Oh HN, Yoo D, Park S, Lee S, Kim WK. Assessment of poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride-induced developmental neurotoxicity via oxidative stress mechanism: Integrative approaches with neuronal cells and zebrafish. J Hazard Mater 2024; 465:133146. [PMID: 38064952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride (PHMB) is a biocide with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Its use as a disinfectant and preservative in consumer products results in human exposure to PHMB. Toxicity studies on PHMB mainly focus on systemic toxicity or skin irritation; however, its effects on developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, the DNT effects of PHMB were evaluated using IMR-32 and SH-SY5Y cell lines and zebrafish. In both cell lines, PHMB concentrations ≥ 10 µM reduced neurite outgrowth, and cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations up to 40 µM. PHMB regulated expression of neurodevelopmental genes and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial dysfunction. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine reversed the toxic effects of PHMB. Toxicity tests on zebrafish embryos showed that PHMB reduced viability and heart rate and caused irregular hatching. PHMB concentrations of 1-4 µM reduced the width of the brain and spinal cord of transgenic zebrafish and attenuated myelination processes. Furthermore, PHMB modulated expression of neurodevelopmental genes in zebrafish and induced ROS accumulation. These results suggested that PHMB exerted DNT effects in vitro and in vivo through a ROS-dependent mechanism, highlighting the risk of PHMB exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Na Oh
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Donggon Yoo
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Lee
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Keun Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Feng R, Sheng H, Lian Y. Advances in using ultrasound to regulate the nervous system. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07426-7. [PMID: 38436788 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasound is a mechanical vibration with a frequency greater than 20 kHz. Due to its high spatial resolution, good directionality, and convenient operation in neural regulation, it has recently received increasing attention from scientists. However, the mechanism by which ultrasound regulates the nervous system is still unclear. This article mainly explores the possible mechanisms of ultrasound's mechanical effects, cavitation effects, thermal effects, and the rise of sonogenetics. In addition, the essence of action potential and its relationship with ultrasound were also discussed. Traditional theory treats nerve impulses as pure electrical signals, similar to cable theory. However, this theory cannot explain the phenomenon of inductance and cell membrane bulging out during the propagation of action potential. Therefore, the flexoelectric effect of cell membrane and soliton model reveal that action potential may also be a mechanical wave. Finally, we also elaborated the therapeutic effect of ultrasound on nervous system disease such as epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hanqing Sheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yajun Lian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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20
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Ye H, Dima M, Hall V, Hendee J. Cellular mechanisms underlying carry-over effects after magnetic stimulation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5167. [PMID: 38431662 PMCID: PMC10908793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnetic fields are widely used for neuromodulation in clinical settings. The intended effect of magnetic stimulation is that neural activity resumes its pre-stimulation state right after stimulation. Many theoretical and experimental works have focused on the cellular and molecular basis of the acute neural response to magnetic field. However, effects of magnetic stimulation can still last after the termination of the magnetic stimulation (named "carry-over effects"), which could generate profound effects to the outcome of the stimulation. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of carry-over effects are largely unknown, which renders the neural modulation practice using magnetic stimulation unpredictable. Here, we investigated carry-over effects at the cellular level, using the combination of micro-magnetic stimulation (µMS), electrophysiology, and computation modeling. We found that high frequency magnetic stimulation could lead to immediate neural inhibition in ganglion neurons from Aplysia californica, as well as persistent, carry-over inhibition after withdrawing the magnetic stimulus. Carry-over effects were found in the neurons that fired action potentials under a variety of conditions. The carry-over effects were also observed in the neurons when the magnetic field was applied across the ganglion sheath. The state of the neuron, specifically synaptic input and membrane potential fluctuation, plays a significant role in generating the carry-over effects after magnetic stimulation. To elucidate the cellular mechanisms of such carry-over effects under magnetic stimulation, we simulated a single neuron under magnetic stimulation with multi-compartment modeling. The model successfully replicated the carry-over effects in the neuron, and revealed that the carry-over effect was due to the dysfunction of the ion channel dynamics that were responsible for the initiation and sustaining of membrane excitability. A virtual voltage-clamp experiment revealed a compromised Na conductance and enhanced K conductance post magnetic stimulation, rendering the neurons incapable of generating action potentials and, therefore, leading to the carry over effects. Finally, both simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the carry-over effects could be controlled by disturbing the membrane potential during the post-stimulus inhibition period. Delineating the cellular and ion channel mechanisms underlying carry-over effects could provide insights to the clinical outcomes in brain stimulation using TMS and other modalities. This research incentivizes the development of novel neural engineering or pharmacological approaches to better control the carry-over effects for optimized clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ye
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Quinlan Life Sciences Education and Research Center, 1032 W. Sheridan Rd., Chicago, IL, 60660, USA.
| | - Maria Dima
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Quinlan Life Sciences Education and Research Center, 1032 W. Sheridan Rd., Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Vincent Hall
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Quinlan Life Sciences Education and Research Center, 1032 W. Sheridan Rd., Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Jenna Hendee
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Quinlan Life Sciences Education and Research Center, 1032 W. Sheridan Rd., Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
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21
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Wang C, Chen R, Zhu X, Zhang X, Lian N. Long noncoding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 facilitates neuropathic pain in spinal nerve injury by promoting SCN9A expression via CDK9. Hum Cell 2024; 37:451-464. [PMID: 38167752 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-01019-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the functions and mechanisms of long noncoding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 (SNHG5) in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain (NP). An NP rat model was established using the CCI method and the NP severity was evaluated by paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL). The expression of SNHG5, CDK9, and SCN9A was quantified in rat dorsal root ganglion, in addition to the detections of apoptosis, pathological changes, neuron number, and the co-localization of Nav1.7 and cleaved caspase-3 with NeuN. In ND7/23 cells, the apoptosis and lactate dehydrogenase concentration were assessed, as well as the relationship between SNHG5, CDK9, and SCN9A. In the dorsal root ganglion of CCI-treated rats, SNHG5 and SCN9A were upregulated and downregulation of SNHG5 suppressed SCN9A expression, increased the PWT and PWL, blocked neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis, and alleviated NP. Mechanistically, SNHG5 recruited CDK9 to enhance SCN9A-encoded Nav1.7 expression and promoted peripheral neuronal apoptosis and injury. In addition, SCN9A overexpression nullified the alleviative effects of SNHG5 deficiency on NP and neuron loss in CCI rats. In conclusion, SNHG5 promotes SCN9A-encoded Nav1.7 expression by recruiting CDK9, thereby facilitating neuron loss and NP after spinal nerve injury, which may offer a promising target for the management of NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rongsheng Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xitian Zhu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Nancheng Lian
- Department of Spinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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22
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Yao P, Liu X, Miao Q, Li C, Zhou H, Li H, Mao X, Fang X, Li N. Expression mapping of GREM1 and functional contribution of its secreting cells in the brain using transgenic mouse models. Exp Neurol 2024; 373:114649. [PMID: 38072150 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
GREMLIN1 (GREM1) is a secreted protein that antagonizes bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). While abnormal GREM1 expression has been reported to cause behavioral defects in postpartum mice, the spatial and cellular distribution of GREM1 in the brain and the influence of the GREM1-secreting cells on brain function and behavior remain unclear. To address this, we designed a genetic cassette incorporating a 3×Flag-TeV-HA-T2A-tdTomato sequence, resulting in the creation of a novel Grem1Tag mouse model, expressing an epitope tag (3×Flag-TeV-HA-T2A) followed by a fluorescent reporter (tdTomato) under the control of the endogenous Grem1 promoter. This design facilitated precise tracking of the cell origin and distribution of GREM1 in the brain using tdTomato and Flag (or HA) markers, respectively. We confirmed that the Grem1Tag mouse exhibited normal motor, cognitive, and social behaviors at postnatal 60 days (P60), compared with C57BL/6J controls. Through immunofluorescence staining, we comprehensively mapped the distribution of GREM1-secreting cells across the central nervous system. Pervasive GREM1 expression was observed in the cerebral cortex (Cx), medulla, pons, and cerebellum, with the highest levels in the Cx region. Notably, within the Cx, GREM1 was predominantly secreted by excitatory neurons, particularly those expressing calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (Camk2a), while inhibitory neurons (parvalbumin-positive, PV+) and glial cells (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia) showed little or no GREM1 expression. To delineate the functional significance of GREM1-secreting cells, a selective ablation at P42 using a diphtheria toxin A (DTA) system resulted in increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired memory in mice. Altogether, our study harnessing the Grem1Tag mouse model reveals the spatial and cellular localization of GREM1 in the mouse brain, shedding light on the involvement of GREM1-secreting cells in modulating brain function and behavior. Our Grem1Tag mouse serves as a valuable tool for further exploring the precise role of GREM1 in brain development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijia Yao
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xueli Liu
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; Department of Neonatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Qiang Miao
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Changxue Li
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Huaixiang Zhou
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Huiliang Li
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom; China-UK Institute for Frontier Science, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Perfect Life and Health Institute, Zhongshan, 528454, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyi Fang
- Department of Neonatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Ningning Li
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; China-UK Institute for Frontier Science, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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23
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Caracci MO, Pizarro H, Alarcón-Godoy C, Fuentealba LM, Farfán P, De Pace R, Santibañez N, Cavieres VA, Pástor TP, Bonifacino JS, Mardones GA, Marzolo MP. The Reelin receptor ApoER2 is a cargo for the adaptor protein complex AP-4: Implications for Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 234:102575. [PMID: 38281682 PMCID: PMC10979513 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Adaptor protein complex 4 (AP-4) is a heterotetrameric complex that promotes export of selected cargo proteins from the trans-Golgi network. Mutations in each of the AP-4 subunits cause a complicated form of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP). Herein, we report that ApoER2, a receptor in the Reelin signaling pathway, is a cargo of the AP-4 complex. We identify the motif ISSF/Y within the ApoER2 cytosolic domain as necessary for interaction with the canonical signal-binding pocket of the µ4 (AP4M1) subunit of AP-4. AP4E1- knock-out (KO) HeLa cells and hippocampal neurons from Ap4e1-KO mice display increased co-localization of ApoER2 with Golgi markers. Furthermore, hippocampal neurons from Ap4e1-KO mice and AP4M1-KO human iPSC-derived cortical i3Neurons exhibit reduced ApoER2 protein expression. Analyses of biosynthetic transport of ApoER2 reveal differential post-Golgi trafficking of the receptor, with lower axonal distribution in KO compared to wild-type neurons, indicating a role of AP-4 and the ISSF/Y motif in the axonal localization of ApoER2. Finally, analyses of Reelin signaling in mouse hippocampal and human cortical KO neurons show that AP4 deficiency causes no changes in Reelin-dependent activation of the AKT pathway and only mild changes in Reelin-induced dendritic arborization, but reduces Reelin-induced ERK phosphorylation, CREB activation, and Golgi deployment. This work thus establishes ApoER2 as a novel cargo of the AP-4 complex, suggesting that defects in the trafficking of this receptor and in the Reelin signaling pathway could contribute to the pathogenesis of HSP caused by mutations in AP-4 subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario O Caracci
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Héctor Pizarro
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Alarcón-Godoy
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luz M Fuentealba
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Farfán
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raffaella De Pace
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natacha Santibañez
- Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Viviana A Cavieres
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Fac. Med y Ciencia, USS, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tammy P Pástor
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gonzalo A Mardones
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile
| | - María-Paz Marzolo
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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24
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Chen H, Zhao S, Jian Q, Yan Y, Wang S, Zhang X, Ji Y. The role of ApoE in fatty acid transport from neurons to astrocytes under ischemia/hypoxia conditions. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:320. [PMID: 38393618 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08921-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate whether ischemia/hypoxia conditions induce fatty acid transport from neurons to astrocytes and whether this mechanism is affected by ApoE isoforms. METHODS AND RESULTS A neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage was established. Excessive accumulation of lipid droplets and upregulation of ApoE expression occurred in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex after hypoxia-ischemia, which implied the occurrence of abnormal fatty acid metabolism. Lipid peroxidation was induced in an oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGDR) model of ApoE-/- primary neurons. The number of BODIPY 558/568 C12-positive particles (fatty acid markers) transferred from neurons to astrocytes was significantly increased with the addition of human recombinant ApoE compared with that in the OGDR group, which significantly increased the efficiency of fatty acid transport from neurons to astrocytes and neuronal viability. However, ApoE4 was found to be associated with lower efficiency in fatty acid transport and less protective effects in OGDR-induced neuronal cell death than both ApoE2 and ApoE3. COG133, an ApoE-mimetic peptide, partially compensated for the adverse effects of ApoE4. FABP5 and SOD1 gene and protein expression levels were upregulated in astrocytes treated with BODIPY 558/568 C12 particles. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, ApoE plays an important role in mediating the transport of fatty acids from neurons to astrocytes under ischemia/hypoxia conditions, and this transport mechanism is ApoE isoform dependent. ApoE4 has a low transfer efficiency and may be a potential target for the clinical treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, No. 30, South Street, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi, China
- Center of Medical Genetics, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an No. 4 Hospital), No. 21, Jiefang Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaozhi Zhao
- Center of Medical Genetics, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an No. 4 Hospital), No. 21, Jiefang Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Jian
- Center of Medical Genetics, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an No. 4 Hospital), No. 21, Jiefang Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yinfang Yan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, No. 30, South Street, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi, China
| | - Simin Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, No. 30, South Street, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Center of Medical Genetics, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an No. 4 Hospital), No. 21, Jiefang Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yuqiang Ji
- Department of Central Laboratory, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, No. 30, South Street, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi, China.
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Hung YH, Wang HC, Hsu SH, Wang LY, Tsai YL, Su YY, Hung WC, Chen LT. Neuron-derived neurotensin promotes pancreatic cancer invasiveness and gemcitabine resistance via the NTSR1/Akt pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:448-466. [PMID: 38455426 PMCID: PMC10915311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Perineural invasion and neurogenesis are frequently observed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and link to poor outcome. However, how neural factors affect PDAC prognosis and the underlying mechanism as well as counteracting therapeutic are still unclear. In silico systematic analysis was performed with PROGgene to identify potential neural factor and its receptor in pancreatic cancer. In vitro assays including migration, invasion, 3D recruitment, and gemcitabine resistance were performed to study the effect of neuron-derived neurotensin (NTS) on pancreatic cancer behavior. Orthotopic animal study was used to validate the in vitro findings. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to confirm the results from in silico to in vivo. Expression of NTS and its receptor 1 (NTSR1) predicted poor prognosis in PDAC. NTS synthetic peptide or neuron-derived condition medium promoted pancreatic cancer invasiveness and recruitment in 2D and 3D assays. NTS-induced effects depended on NTSR1 and PI3K activation. GDC-0941, a clinically approved PI3K inhibitor, counteracted NTS-induced effects in vitro. Inhibition of NTSR1 in pancreatic cancer cells resulted in decreased tumor dissemination and diminished PI3K activation in vivo. NTS boosted gemcitabine resistance via NTSR1 in pancreatic cancer. Our results suggest that neural cell-secreted NTS plays an important role in promoting PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Hung
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Hsu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research InstitutesTainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yun Wang
- Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and TechnologyPingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Li Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research InstitutesTainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yeh Su
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research InstitutesTainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research InstitutesTainan 704, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research InstitutesTainan 704, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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26
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Li K, Ling H, Wang X, Xie Q, Gu C, Luo W, Qiu P. The role of NF-κB signaling pathway in reactive astrocytes among neurodegeneration after methamphetamine exposure by integrated bioinformatics. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 129:110909. [PMID: 38061485 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive stimulant that has become one of the top five risk substances cause deaths from substance abuse. METH exposure increases the risk of neurodegenerative disease (ND), such as Parkinson's disease (PD), leading to disability and death. Activation of reactive astrocytes is an essential factor in neurodegeneration, and their complex role in METH exposure remains unclear. This study explored the role of reactive astrocyte overactivation in neurodegeneration after METH exposure. METHODS METH bulk RNA sequencing data (GSE107015 and GSE98793) and single-cell RNA sequencing data (GSE119861) were obtained from the GEO database. We performed immune infiltration analysis on the bulk RNA data. After cell clustering using the single-cell RNA data, astrocytes were extracted for downstream analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from the bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing datasets, and GO, KEGG, and GSEA pathway analyses were performed. The PPI network and random forest methods were performed on the overlapping genes of the DEGs to screen hub genes. To explore the common ground between METH exposure and neurodegenerative diseases, we applied a random forest algorithm to PD chip data (GSE99039 and GSE72267) to establish a diagnostic model using the hub genes in METH. New object recognition and the Morris water maze were used to examine cognitive function in mice exposed to METH for 14 days in vivo. Astrocytes were cocultured with neurons for the detection of intercellular crosstalk. RESULTS DEGs in the METH group significantly enriched pathways related to NDs, inflammation, and the NF-κB signaling pathway. Immune infiltration analysis revealed significantly increased infiltration of monocytes, T cells, and NK cells and decreased infiltration of neutrophils in the METH group. An intersection of 44 hub genes was screened based on the PPI network and random forest algorithm. These genes suggest that there might be similar pathogenesis between METH exposure and PD. METH exposure resulted in learning memory impairment, hippocampal astrocyte activation, and upregulation of NF-κB expression in mice. Activation of reactive astrocytes cocultured with neurons causes neural damage. CONCLUSIONS This study explored the crosstalk between astrocytes and neurons in METH exposure, providing a potential pathogenesis to explore the altered immune microenvironment involving reactive astrocytes after METH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haosen Ling
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiqian Xie
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cihang Gu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenyu Luo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Pingming Qiu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.; Department of Thyroid Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
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27
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Cui YH, Wu CR, Xu D, Tang JG. Exploration of neuron heterogeneity in human heart failure with dilated cardiomyopathy through single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:86. [PMID: 38310240 PMCID: PMC10838417 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the heterogeneity of neurons in heart failure with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of patients with DCM and chronic heart failure and healthy samples from GSE183852 dataset were downloaded from NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus, in which neuron data were extracted for investigation. Cell clustering analysis, differential expression analysis, trajectory analysis, and cell communication analysis were performed, and highly expressed genes in neurons from patients were used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and validated by GSE120895 dataset. RESULTS Neurons were divided into six subclusters involved in various biological processes and each subcluster owned its specific cell communication pathways. Neurons were differentiated into two branches along the pseudotime, one of which was differentiated into mature neurons, whereas another tended to be involved in the immune and inflammation response. Genes exhibited branch-specific differential expression patterns. FLNA, ITGA6, ITGA1, and MDK interacted more with other gene-product proteins in the PPI network. The differential expression of FLNA between DCM and control was validated. CONCLUSION Neurons have significant heterogeneity in heart failure with DCM, and may be involved in the immune and inflammation response to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hui Cui
- Department of Trauma-Emergency & Critical Care Medicine Center, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, No.801 Heqing Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chun-Rong Wu
- Department of Trauma-Emergency & Critical Care Medicine Center, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, No.801 Heqing Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Trauma-Emergency & Critical Care Medicine Center, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, No.801 Heqing Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jian-Guo Tang
- Department of Trauma-Emergency & Critical Care Medicine Center, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, No.801 Heqing Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Zhu W, Li Q, Yin Y, Chen H, Si Y, Zhu B, Cao S, Zhao Z, Ye J. Ferroptosis contributes to JEV-induced neuronal damage and neuroinflammation. Virol Sin 2024; 39:144-155. [PMID: 38104890 PMCID: PMC10877411 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered prototype of programmed cell death (PCD) driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation accumulation, and it has been linked to numerous organ injuries and degenerative pathologies. Although studies have shown that a variety of cell death processes contribute to JEV-induced neuroinflammation and neuronal injury, there is currently limited research on the specific involvement of ferroptosis. In this study, we explored the neuronal ferroptosis induced by JEV infection in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicated that JEV infection induces neuronal ferroptosis through inhibiting the function of the antioxidant system mediated by glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), as well as by promoting lipid peroxidation mediated by yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1)/long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4). Further analyses revealed that JEV E and prM proteins function as agonists, inducing ferroptosis. Moreover, we found that treatment with a ferroptosis inhibitor in JEV-infected mice reduces the viral titers and inflammation in the mouse brains, ultimately improving the survival rate of infected mice. In conclusion, our study unveils a critical role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of JEV, providing new ideas for the prevention and treatment of viral encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yong Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Youhui Si
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bibo Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shengbo Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zikai Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jing Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Hu Q, Qiu L, Ge L, Wei Y. Sevoflurane postconditioning alleviates hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in rats by inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum stress PERK/ATF4/CHOP pathway. Tissue Cell 2024; 86:102289. [PMID: 38194851 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) frequently induces cognitive impairments. Investigating the role of sevoflurane postconditioning (SPC) in HIBD, we conducted experiments involving HIBD modeling, SPC treatment, and interventions with the PERK inhibitor GSK2656157 or the PERK activator CCT020312, administered 30 min before modeling, followed by SPC treatment. Behavioral testing using the Morris water maze test and Neurological Deficiency Scale (NDS) was conducted. Additionally, Nissl staining assessed hippocampal CA1 area neuronal density, TUNEL staining evaluated hippocampal CA1 area neuronal apoptosis, and Western blot determined hippocampal CA1 area protein levels, including Bax, Bcl-2, p-PERK/PERK, p-eIF2/eIF2, ATF4, CHOP, GRP78, Bax, and Bcl-2 protein levels. Following SPC treatment, HIBD rats exhibited improved spatial learning and memory abilities, reduced neuronal apoptosis, increased neuronal density in the hippocampal CA1 area, elevated Bcl-2 protein level, decreased Bax protein levels, and decreased levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway related proteins (p-PERK/PERK, p-eIF2/eIF2, ATF4, CHOP and GRP78). Pre-modeling treatment with the PERK inhibitor treatment improved outcomes in HIBD rats. However, pre-modeling treatment with the PERK activator CCT020312 counteracted the protective effects of SPC against HIBD in rats. In conclusion, SPC alleviates neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus CA1 area of HIBD rats by inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway PERK/ATF4/CHOP, thereby mitigating HIBD in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qionghua Hu
- Gansu Prov Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Lingqin Qiu
- Gansu Prov Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Li Ge
- Gansu Prov Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yi Wei
- Gansu Prov Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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Verlinden TJM, Lamers WH, Herrler A, Köhler SE. The differences in the anatomy of the thoracolumbar and sacral autonomic outflow are quantitative. Clin Auton Res 2024; 34:79-97. [PMID: 38403748 PMCID: PMC10944453 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-024-01023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have re-evaluated the anatomical arguments that underlie the division of the spinal visceral outflow into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. METHODOLOGY Using a systematic literature search, we mapped the location of catecholaminergic neurons throughout the mammalian peripheral nervous system. Subsequently, a narrative method was employed to characterize segment-dependent differences in the location of preganglionic cell bodies and the composition of white and gray rami communicantes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION One hundred seventy studies were included in the systematic review, providing information on 389 anatomical structures. Catecholaminergic nerve fibers are present in most spinal and all cranial nerves and ganglia, including those that are known for their parasympathetic function. Along the entire spinal autonomic outflow pathways, proximal and distal catecholaminergic cell bodies are common in the head, thoracic, and abdominal and pelvic region, which invalidates the "short-versus-long preganglionic neuron" argument. Contrary to the classically confined outflow levels T1-L2 and S2-S4, preganglionic neurons have been found in the resulting lumbar gap. Preganglionic cell bodies that are located in the intermediolateral zone of the thoracolumbar spinal cord gradually nest more ventrally within the ventral motor nuclei at the lumbar and sacral levels, and their fibers bypass the white ramus communicans and sympathetic trunk to emerge directly from the spinal roots. Bypassing the sympathetic trunk, therefore, is not exclusive for the sacral outflow. We conclude that the autonomic outflow displays a conserved architecture along the entire spinal axis, and that the perceived differences in the anatomy of the autonomic thoracolumbar and sacral outflow are quantitative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J M Verlinden
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Wouter H Lamers
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Herrler
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S Eleonore Köhler
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Maekawa S, Yuzu K, Chatani E, Morigaki K. Oligomerization and aggregation of NAP-22 with several metal ions. Neurosci Lett 2024; 821:137623. [PMID: 38184017 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Metal ions participate in various biochemical processes such as electron transport chain, gene transcription, and enzymatic reactions. Furthermore, the aggregation promoting effect of several metal ions on neuronal proteins such as prion, tau, Aβ peptide, and α-synuclein, has been reported. NAP-22 (also called BASP1 or CAP-23) is a neuron-enriched calmodulin-binding protein and one of the major proteins in the detergent-resistant membrane microdomain fraction of the neuronal cell membrane. Previously, we showed oligomer formation of NAP-22 in the presence of several phospholipids and fatty acids. In this study, we found the aggregation of NAP-22 by FeCl2, FeCl3, and AlCl3 using native-PAGE. Oligomer or aggregate formation of NAP-22 by ZnCl2 or CuSO4 was shown with SDS-PAGE after cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. Morphological analysis with electron microscopy revealed the formation of large aggregates composed of small annular oligomers in the presence of FeCl3, AlCl3, or CuSO4. In case of FeCl2 or ZnCl2, instead of large aggregates, scattered annular and globular oligomers were observed. Interestingly, metal ion induced aggregation of NAP-22 was inhibited by several coenzymes such as NADP+, NADPH, or thiamine pyrophosphate. Since NAP-22 is highly expressed in the presynaptic region of the synapse, this result suggests the participation of metal ions not only on the protein and membrane dynamics at the presynaptic region, but also on the metabolic regulation though the interaction with coenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Maekawa
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1-1, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Yuzu
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1-1, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Eri Chatani
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1-1, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kenichi Morigaki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1-1, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1-1, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Sun Y, Song X, Geng Z, Xu Y, Xiao L, Chen Y, Li B, Shi J, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zuo L, Li J, Lü H, Hu J. IL-11 ameliorates oxidative stress damage in neurons after spinal cord injury by activating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111367. [PMID: 38160564 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by oxidative stress is a crucial factor affecting neuronal dysfunction after spinal cord injury (SCI). IL-11 has been reported to have antioxidative stress capacity. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect and mechanism of IL-11 against neuronal cell damage caused by oxidative imbalance. METHODS We established a H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury model in PC12 cells and observed the effects of IL-11 on cellular activity, morphology, oxidase and antioxidant enzymes, and ROS release. Furthermore, the effect of IL-11 on apoptosis of PC12 cells was assessed by flow cytometry, a TUNEL assay and Western blotting. Transcriptome analysis and rescue experiments revealed the mechanism by which IL-11 protects neurons from oxidative stress damage. For the in vivo investigation, an adenovirus-mediated IL-11 overexpression SCI rat model was constructed to validate the beneficial effect of IL-11 against SCI. RESULTS IL-11 significantly improved the viability and enhanced the antioxidant activity of H2O2-treated PC12 cells while reducing ROS release. In addition, IL-11 reduced H2O2-induced PC12 cell apoptosis. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the JAK/STAT pathway may be related to the antioxidant activity of IL-11. Treatment with a JAK/STAT inhibitor (Stattic) exacerbated the oxidative damage induced by H2O2 and attenuated the protective effects of IL-11. The results of in vivo studies showed that IL-11 prevented neuronal apoptosis due to oxidative imbalance and promoted the restoration of motor function in SCI rats by activating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION IL-11 inhibited oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis at least in part by activating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and further promoted the recovery of motor function. These findings suggest that IL-11 may be an effective target for the treatment for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of rehabilitation medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xue Song
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China
| | - Yibo Xu
- Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Linyu Xiao
- Department of rehabilitation medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China; Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of rehabilitation medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China; Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Bohan Li
- Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Jinran Shi
- Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yueyue Wang
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China
| | - Lugen Zuo
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Li
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Hezuo Lü
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China.
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China.
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Gupta V, Gharai PK, Kar C, Garg S, Ghosh S. Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe Promotes Trans-differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Neurons. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:222-229. [PMID: 38164894 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Development of multifunctional theranostics is challenging and crucial for deciphering complex biological phenomena and subsequently treating critical disease. In particular, development of theranostics for traumatic brain injury (TBI) and understanding its repair mechanism are challenging and highly complex areas of research. Recently, there have been interesting pieces of research work demonstrated that a small molecule-based neuroregenerative approach using stem cells has potential for future therapeutic lead development for TBI. However, these works demonstrated the application of a mixture of multiple molecules as a "chemical cocktail", which may have serious toxic effects in the differentiated cells. Therefore, development of a single-molecule-based potential differentiating agent for human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into functional neurons is vital for the upcoming neuro-regenerative therapeutics. This lead could be further extraploted for the design of theranostics for TBI. In this study, we have developed a multifunctional single-molecule-based fluorescent probe, which can image the transdifferentiated neurons as well as promote the differentiation process. We demonstrated a promising class of fluorescent probes (CP-4) that can be employed to convert hMSCs into neurons in the presence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF). This fluorescent probe was used in cellular imaging as its fluorescence intensity remained unaltered for up to 7 days of trans-differentiation. We envision that this imaging probe can have an important application in the study of neuropathological and neurodegenerative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Gupta
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Prabir Kumar Gharai
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, NH 65, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Chirantan Kar
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Shubham Garg
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, NH 65, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry and Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, West Bengal, India
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, NH 65, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
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Sung Y, Gotina L, Kim KH, Lee JY, Shin S, Aziz H, Kang DM, Liu X, Hong NK, Lee HG, Lee JS, Ku H, Jeong C, Pae AN, Lim S, Chang YT, Kim YK. NeuM: A Neuron-Selective Probe Incorporates into Live Neuronal Membranes via Enhanced Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis in Primary Neurons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202312942. [PMID: 38062619 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The development of a small-molecule probe designed to selectively target neurons would enhance the exploration of intricate neuronal structures and functions. Among such probes, NeuO stands out as the pioneer and has gained significant traction in the field of research. Nevertheless, neither the mechanism behind neuron-selectivity nor the cellular localization has been determined. Here, we introduce NeuM, a derivative of NeuO, designed to target neuronal cell membranes. Furthermore, we elucidate the mechanism behind the selective neuronal membrane trafficking that distinguishes neurons. In an aqueous buffer, NeuM autonomously assembles into micellar structures, leading to the quenching of its fluorescence (Φ=0.001). Upon exposure to neurons, NeuM micelles were selectively internalized into neuronal endosomes via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Through the endocytic recycling pathway, NeuM micelles integrate into neuronal membrane, dispersing fluorescent NeuM molecules in the membrane (Φ=0.61). Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that NeuM, in comparison to NeuO, possesses optimal lipophilicity and molecular length, facilitating its stable incorporation into phospholipid layers. The stable integration of NeuM within neuronal membrane allows the prolonged monitoring of neurons, as well as the visualization of intricate neuronal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsik Sung
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Lizaveta Gotina
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyeon Kim
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulgi Shin
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hira Aziz
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Min Kang
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Kyeong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Guen Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seok Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyeong Ku
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Cherlhyun Jeong
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsu Lim
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Kim
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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Cai C, Li H, Tian Z, Liang Q, Shen R, Wu Z, Liu B, Yang Y. HGF secreted by hUC-MSCs mitigates neuronal apoptosis to repair the injured spinal cord via phosphorylation of Akt/FoxO3a pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 692:149321. [PMID: 38056156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause severe and permanent neurological damage, and neuronal apoptosis could inhibit functional recovery of damaged spinal cord greatly. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) have great potential to repair SCI because of a series of advantages, including inhibition of neuronal apoptosis and multiple differentiation. The former may play an important role. However, the detailed regulatory mechanism associated with the inhibition of neuronal apoptosis after hUC-MSCs administration has not been elucidated. In this study, proteomics analysis of precious human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from SCI subjects receiving hUC-MSCs delivery indicated that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is largely involved in SCI repair. Furthermore, overexpression of HGF derived from hUC-MSCs could decrease reactive oxygen species to prevent neuron apoptosis to the maximum, and thus lead to significant recovery of spinal cord dysfunction. Moreover, HGF could promote phosphorylation of Akt/FoxO3a pathway to decrease reactive oxygen species to reduce neuron apoptosis. For the first time, our research revealed that HGF secreted by hUC-MSCs inhibits neuron apoptosis by phosphorylation of Akt/FoxO3a to repair SCI. This study provides important clues associated with drug selection for the effective treatment of SCI in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Cai
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhenming Tian
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ruoqi Shen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zizhao Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Hu Y, Tao W. Current perspectives on microglia- neuron communication in the central nervous system: Direct and indirect modes of interaction. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00006-7. [PMID: 38195039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incessant communication that takes place between microglia and neurons is essential the development, maintenance, and pathogenesis of the central nervous system (CNS). As mobile phagocytic cells, microglia serve a critical role in surveilling and scavenging the neuronal milieu to uphold homeostasis. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to discuss the various mechanisms that govern the interaction between microglia and neurons, from the molecular to the organ system level, and to highlight the importance of these interactions in the development, maintenance, and pathogenesis of the CNS. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Recent research has revealed that microglia-neuron interaction is vital for regulating fundamental neuronal functions, such as synaptic pruning, axonal remodeling, and neurogenesis. The review will elucidate the intricate signaling pathways involved in these interactions, both direct and indirect, to provide a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of brain function. Furthermore, gaining insights into these signals could lead to the development of innovative therapies for neural disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 220023, China; School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 220023, China; School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Wei X, Zhang F, Cheng D, Wang Z, Xing N, Yuan J, Zhang W, Xing F. Free heme induces neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment by microglial activation via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:16. [PMID: 38183122 PMCID: PMC10768134 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red blood cells (RBCs) transfusion is related to perioperative neurocognitive disorders. The toxic effect of free heme has been identified in many pathologies. However, the underlying mechanisms of RBCs transfusion or free heme in cognitive impairment have not been clearly explored. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the mechanism of free heme-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. METHODS Rats were received intraperitoneal injection of hemin alone or combined with intracerebroventricular injection of Hemopexin (HPX), and MWM test was conducted to measure cognitive function. The amount of heme-HPX complexes was evaluated by flow cytometry for CD91 + cells. The microglial inflammatory response in rat brain was observed by immunofluorescence staining of Iba-1, and the inflammatory factors of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in rat brain and BV2 cells were detected by ELISA analysis. Furthermore, neuronal apoptosis in HT22 cells alone and in HT22 + BV2 coculture system was detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. Finally, western blot was conducted to detect TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB proteins in rat brain and BV2 cells treated with hemin or combined with pathway inhibitors. Additionally, the M1 surface marker CD86 was observed in BV2 cells to further confirm neuroinflammation. RESULTS Intraperitoneal injection of hemin induced cognitive impairment, increase of CD91 + cells, up-regulation of TNF-α and IL-1β, down-regulation of IL-6, activation of microglia, and activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in rat brain. Significantly, intracerebroventricular injection of HPX reduced the above effects. Hemin induced boost of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in BV2 cells, as well as apoptosis in HT22 cells. Notably, when HT22 cells were cocultured with BV2 cells, apoptosis was significantly increased. Hemin also induced activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and increased the M1 surface marker CD86 in BV2 cells, and inhibiting this pathway reduced the inflammatory responses. CONCLUSIONS Free heme induces cognitive impairment, and the underlying mechanism may involve neuronal apoptosis and microglial inflammation via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. HPX may have potential therapeutic effects. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Dan Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Na Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jingjing Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Liu L, Zhang J, Lu K, Zhang Y, Xu X, Deng J, Zhang X, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Wang X. ChemR23 signaling ameliorates brain injury via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuronal pyroptosis in ischemic stroke. J Transl Med 2024; 22:23. [PMID: 38178174 PMCID: PMC10768115 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory response has been recognized as a pivotal pathophysiological process during cerebral ischemia. ChemR23 signaling is involved in the pathophysiology of various inflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, the role of ChemR23 signaling in ischemic stroke remains largely unknown. METHODS Permanent ischemic stroke mouse model was accomplished by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Resolvin E1 (RvE1) or chemerin-9 (C-9), the agonists of ChemR23, were administered by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection before MCAO induction. Then, analysis of neurobehavioral deficits and brain sampling were done at Day 1 after MCAO. The brain samples were further analyzed by histological staining, immunofluorescence, RNA sequencing, ELISA, transmission electron microscope, and western blots. Furthermore, oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was employed in SH-SY5Y to mimic MCAO in vitro, and ChemR23 signaling pathway was further studied by overexpression of ChemR23 or administration of related agonists or antagonists. Analysis of cell death and related pathway markers were performed. RESULTS ChemR23 expression was upregulated following MCAO. Under in vitro and in vivo ischemic conditions, ChemR23 deficiency or inhibition contributed to excessive NLRP3-mediated maturation and release of IL-1β and IL-18, as well as enhanced cleavage of GSDMD-N and neuronal pyroptosis. These influences ultimately aggravated brain injury and neuronal damage. On the other hand, ChemR23 activation by RvE1 or C-9 mitigated the above pathophysiological abnormalities in vivo and in vitro, and overexpression of ChemR23 in SH-SY5Y cells also rescued OGD-induced neuronal pyroptosis. Blockade of NLRP3 mimics the protective effects of ChemR23 activation in vitro. CONCLUSION Our data indicated that ChemR23 modulates NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuronal pyroptosis in ischemic stroke. Activation of ChemR23 may serve as a promising potential target for neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Neurological Rare Disease Biobank and Precision Diagnostic Technical Service Platform, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Neurological Rare Disease Biobank and Precision Diagnostic Technical Service Platform, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaili Lu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Neurological Rare Disease Biobank and Precision Diagnostic Technical Service Platform, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Neurological Rare Disease Biobank and Precision Diagnostic Technical Service Platform, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Neurological Rare Disease Biobank and Precision Diagnostic Technical Service Platform, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangshan Deng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Neurological Rare Disease Biobank and Precision Diagnostic Technical Service Platform, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Neurological Rare Disease Biobank and Precision Diagnostic Technical Service Platform, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Shanghai Neurological Rare Disease Biobank and Precision Diagnostic Technical Service Platform, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiuzhe Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Shanghai Neurological Rare Disease Biobank and Precision Diagnostic Technical Service Platform, Shanghai, China.
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Luebbers A, Gonzalez-Hernandez AJ, Zhou M, Eyles SJ, Levitz J, Garcia-Marcos M. Dissecting the molecular basis for the modulation of neurotransmitter GPCR signaling by GINIP. Structure 2024; 32:47-59.e7. [PMID: 37989308 PMCID: PMC10872408 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) stimulated by neurotransmitters are critical for neuromodulation. Much less is known about how heterotrimeric G-protein (Gαβγ) regulation after receptor-mediated activation contributes to neuromodulation. Recent evidence indicates that the neuronal protein GINIP shapes GPCR inhibitory neuromodulation via a unique mechanism of G-protein regulation that controls pain and seizure susceptibility. However, the molecular basis of this mechanism remains ill-defined because the structural determinants of GINIP responsible for binding and regulating G proteins are not known. Here, we combined hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, computational structure predictions, biochemistry, and cell-based biophysical assays to demonstrate an effector-like binding mode of GINIP to Gαi. Specific amino acids of GINIP's PHD domain first loop are essential for G-protein binding and subsequent regulation of Gαi-GTP and Gβγ signaling upon neurotransmitter GPCR stimulation. In summary, these findings shed light onto the molecular basis for a post-receptor mechanism of G-protein regulation that fine-tunes inhibitory neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Luebbers
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - Myles Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Stephen J Eyles
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Institute for Applied Life Sciences (IALS), University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Joshua Levitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10064, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Tan WJ, Hawley HR, Wilson SJ, Fitzsimons HL. Deciphering the roles of subcellular distribution and interactions involving the MEF2 binding region, the ankyrin repeat binding motif and the catalytic site of HDAC4 in Drosophila neuronal morphogenesis. BMC Biol 2024; 22:2. [PMID: 38167120 PMCID: PMC10763444 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) is associated with several neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Consequently, understanding the roles of nuclear and cytoplasmic HDAC4 along with the mechanisms that regulate nuclear entry and exit is an area of concerted effort. Efficient nuclear entry is dependent on binding of the transcription factor MEF2, as mutations in the MEF2 binding region result in cytoplasmic accumulation of HDAC4. It is well established that nuclear exit and cytoplasmic retention are dependent on 14-3-3-binding, and mutations that affect binding are widely used to induce nuclear accumulation of HDAC4. While regulation of HDAC4 shuttling is clearly important, there is a gap in understanding of how the nuclear and cytoplasmic distribution of HDAC4 impacts its function. Furthermore, it is unclear whether other features of the protein including the catalytic site, the MEF2-binding region and/or the ankyrin repeat binding motif influence the distribution and/or activity of HDAC4 in neurons. Since HDAC4 functions are conserved in Drosophila, and increased nuclear accumulation of HDAC4 also results in impaired neurodevelopment, we used Drosophila as a genetic model for investigation of HDAC4 function. RESULTS Here we have generated a series of mutants for functional dissection of HDAC4 via in-depth examination of the resulting subcellular distribution and nuclear aggregation, and correlate these with developmental phenotypes resulting from their expression in well-established models of neuronal morphogenesis of the Drosophila mushroom body and eye. We found that in the mushroom body, forced sequestration of HDAC4 in the nucleus or the cytoplasm resulted in defects in axon morphogenesis. The actions of HDAC4 that resulted in impaired development were dependent on the MEF2 binding region, modulated by the ankyrin repeat binding motif, and largely independent of an intact catalytic site. In contrast, disruption to eye development was largely independent of MEF2 binding but mutation of the catalytic site significantly reduced the phenotype, indicating that HDAC4 acts in a neuronal-subtype-specific manner. CONCLUSIONS We found that the impairments to mushroom body and eye development resulting from nuclear accumulation of HDAC4 were exacerbated by mutation of the ankyrin repeat binding motif, whereas there was a differing requirement for the MEF2 binding site and an intact catalytic site. It will be of importance to determine the binding partners of HDAC4 in nuclear aggregates and in the cytoplasm of these tissues to further understand its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jun Tan
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Hannah R Hawley
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Sarah J Wilson
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Helen L Fitzsimons
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Ito S, Kawasaki M, Kawauchi T. Primary Culture of Dissociated Neurons from the Embryonic Cerebral Cortex. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2794:169-175. [PMID: 38630228 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3810-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Primary neuronal culture is a valuable in vitro model for analyzing the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and function of neural circuits. In contrast to neurons in vivo, primary cultured neurons can easily be transfected with genes of interest or treated with chemicals such as agonists and inhibitors of a specific target molecule. Furthermore, time-dependent morphological changes, such as the acquisition of neuronal polarity, axon elongation, and dendrite branch formation, can be analyzed by using primary neuronal cultures. Here, we describe a method for preparing a primary culture of neurons from the developing cerebral cortex, together with a method for gene transfer to primary cultured cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Ito
- Department of Adaptive and Maladaptive Responses in Health and Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Megumi Kawasaki
- Department of Adaptive and Maladaptive Responses in Health and Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawauchi
- Department of Adaptive and Maladaptive Responses in Health and Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Zhou Z, Dai W, Liu T, Shi M, Wei Y, Chen L, Xie Y. Transfer of massive mitochondria from astrocytes reduce propofol neurotoxicity. Neurosci Lett 2024; 818:137542. [PMID: 37926293 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that propofol-induced neurotoxicity is mediated by disruption of mitochondrial fission and fusion, leading to an imbalance in energy supply for developing neurons. Healthy mitochondria released from astrocytes migrate to compromised neurons to mitigate propofol-induced neurotoxicity, yet the precise mechanisms involved require further clarification. In our investigation, primary neurons were incubated with propofol, which decreased ATP synthesis and mitochondrial membrane potential, increased ROS generation and neuronal apoptosis. Notably, astrocytes did not respond to the deleterious effects of propofol. The culture medium of neurons or astrocytes incubated with propofol was collected. It was found that mitochondrial ratio was decreased and mitochondrial function was impaired. Non-contact co-culture of neuro-astrocytes facilitated transcellular mitochondrial transfer in both physiological and propofol interventions, but failed to reverse propofol-induced neurotoxicity. The more pronounced damage to neuronal mitochondria induced by propofol compared to that in astrocytes alludes to secondary injury. Damaged neurons incubated with large, functional extracellular mitochondria derived from astrocytes demonstrates transfer of mitochondria to neurons, effectively reversing propofol-induced neurotoxicity. This discovery presents a novel mitochondrial transfer of neuro-astrocytes crosstalk that contributes to neuroprotection and neurological recovery in neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Weixin Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Tianxiao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Lifei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Yubo Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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Abukhaled Y, Hatab K, Awadhalla M, Hamdan H. Understanding the genetic mechanisms and cognitive impairments in Down syndrome: towards a holistic approach. J Neurol 2024; 271:87-104. [PMID: 37561187 PMCID: PMC10769995 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The most common genetic cause of intellectual disability is Down syndrome (DS), trisomy 21. It commonly results from three copies of human chromosome 21 (HC21). There are no mutations or deletions involved in DS. Instead, the phenotype is caused by altered transcription of the genes on HC21. These transcriptional variations are responsible for a myriad of symptoms affecting every organ system. A very debilitating aspect of DS is intellectual disability (ID). Although tremendous advances have been made to try and understand the underlying mechanisms of ID, there is a lack of a unified, holistic view to defining the cause and managing the cognitive impairments. In this literature review, we discuss the mechanisms of neuronal over-inhibition, abnormal morphology, and other genetic factors in contributing to the development of ID in DS patients and to gain a holistic understanding of ID in DS patients. We also highlight potential therapeutic approaches to improve the quality of life of DS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Abukhaled
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kenana Hatab
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Awadhalla
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamdan Hamdan
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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44
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Karperien AL, Jelinek HF. Morphology and Fractal-Based Classifications of Neurons and Microglia in Two and Three Dimensions. Adv Neurobiol 2024; 36:149-172. [PMID: 38468031 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Microglia and neurons live physically intertwined, intimately related structurally and functionally in a dynamic relationship in which microglia change continuously over a much shorter timescale than do neurons. Although microglia may unwind and depart from the neurons they attend under certain circumstances, in general, together both contribute to the fractal topology of the brain that defines its computational capabilities. Both neuronal and microglial morphologies are well-described using fractal analysis complementary to more traditional measures. For neurons, the fractal dimension has proved valuable for classifying dendritic branching and other neuronal features relevant to pathology and development. For microglia, fractal geometry has substantially contributed to classifying functional categories, where, in general, the more pathological the biological status, the lower the fractal dimension for individual cells, with some exceptions, including hyper-ramification. This chapter provides a review of the intimate relationships between neurons and microglia, by introducing 2D and 3D fractal analysis methodology and its applications in neuron-microglia function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey L Karperien
- School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia
| | - Herbert F Jelinek
- Department of Medical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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45
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Dourlen P. Identification of Tau Toxicity Modifiers in the Drosophila Eye. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2754:483-498. [PMID: 38512684 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3629-9_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Drosophila is a powerful model to study human diseases thanks to its genetic tools and ease of screening. Human genes can be expressed in targeted organs and their toxicity assessed on easily scorable external phenotypes that can be used as readouts to perform genetic screens of toxicity modifiers. In this chapter, I describe how to express human Tau protein in the Drosophila eye, assess protein expression by Western blot, assess Tau toxicity by quantifying the size of the Tau-induced rough eye, and perform a genetic screen of modifiers of Tau toxicity in the Drosophila eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Dourlen
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France.
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Canepari M, Ross WN. Spatial and temporal aspects of neuronal calcium and sodium signals measured with low-affinity fluorescent indicators. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:39-48. [PMID: 37798555 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02865-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Low-affinity fluorescent indicators for Ca2+ or Na+ allow measuring the dynamics of intracellular concentration of these ions with little perturbation from physiological conditions because they are weak buffers. When using synthetic indicators, which are small molecules with fast kinetics, it is also possible to extract spatial and temporal information on the sources of ion transients, their localization, and their disposition. This review examines these important aspects from the biophysical point of view, and how they have been recently exploited in neurophysiological studies. We first analyze the environment where Ca2+ and Na+ indicators are inserted, highlighting the interpretation of the two different signals. Then, we address the information that can be obtained by analyzing the rising phase and the falling phase of the Ca2+ and Na+ transients evoked by different stimuli, focusing on the kinetics of ionic currents and on the spatial interpretation of these measurements, especially on events in axons and dendritic spines. Finally, we suggest how Ca2+ or Na+ imaging using low-affinity synthetic fluorescent indicators can be exploited in future fundamental or applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Canepari
- LIPhy, CNRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
- Laboratories of Excellence, Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Valbonne, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.
| | - William N Ross
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
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Di Ieva A. Fractals in Neuroanatomy and Basic Neurosciences: An Overview. Adv Neurobiol 2024; 36:141-147. [PMID: 38468030 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The introduction of fractal geometry to the neurosciences has been a major paradigm shift over the last decades as it has helped overcome approximations and limitations that occur when Euclidean and reductionist approaches are used to analyze neurons or the entire brain. Fractal geometry allows for quantitative analysis and description of the geometric complexity of the brain, from its single units to the neuronal networks.As illustrated in the second section of this book, fractal analysis provides a quantitative tool for the study of the morphology of brain cells (i.e., neurons and microglia) and its components (e.g., dendritic trees, synapses), as well as the brain structure itself (cortex, functional modules, neuronal networks). The self-similar logic which generates and shapes the different hierarchical systems of the brain and even some structures related to its "container," that is, the cranial sutures on the skull, is widely discussed in the following chapters, with a link between the applications of fractal analysis to the neuroanatomy and basic neurosciences to the clinical applications discussed in the third section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Ieva
- Computational NeuroSurgery (CNS) Lab & Macquarie Neurosurgery, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Human and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Naito M, Kumanogoh A. The role of semaphorins in allergic diseases. Allergol Int 2024; 73:31-39. [PMID: 37635021 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins were originally identified as guidance molecules in neural development. However, accumulating evidence indicates that 'immune semaphorins' are critically involved in regulating immune cell activation, differentiation, mobility and migration. Semaphorins are also intimately associated with the pathogenesis of allergic diseases including asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. Interestingly, reflecting their function in positive or negative regulation of immune cells, levels of some semaphorins are increased while others are decreased in patients with allergic diseases. This review presents the pathogenic functions of immune semaphorins in allergic inflammation and discusses the potential use of these molecules as therapeutic targets for allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Naito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development - Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Chen Y, Xiao L, Qiu J. Neuronomodulation of Excitable Neurons. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:103-112. [PMID: 37584858 PMCID: PMC10774251 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01095-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronomodulation refers to the modulation of neural conduction and synaptic transmission (i.e., the conduction process involved in synaptic transmission) of excitable neurons via changes in the membrane potential in response to chemical substances, from spillover neurotransmitters to paracrine or endocrine hormones circulating in the blood. Neuronomodulation can be direct or indirect, depending on the transduction pathways from the ligand binding site to the ion pore, either on the same molecule, i.e. the ion channel, or through an intermediate step on different molecules. The major players in direct neuronomodulation are ligand-gated or voltage-gated ion channels. The key process of direct neuronomodulation is the binding and chemoactivation of ligand-gated or voltage-gated ion channels, either orthosterically or allosterically, by various ligands. Indirect neuronomodulation involves metabotropic receptor-mediated slow potentials, where steroid hormones, cytokines, and chemokines can implement these actions. Elucidating neuronomodulation is of great significance for understanding the physiological mechanisms of brain function, and the occurrence and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhang Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Lin Xiao
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences of Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Jian Qiu
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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Ito S, Kawauchi T. Immunocytochemistry of Primary Cultured Cerebral Cortical Neurons. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2794:177-186. [PMID: 38630229 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3810-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Immunocytochemistry combined with confocal or superresolution microscopy allows us to observe molecular localization and intracellular structures. However, it is challenging to analyze individual neurons in brain tissue, where neurons are densely packed. In contrast, we can easily observe structures such as the axonal growth cone and dendritic spines in dissociated individual neurons. Thus, the immunocytochemistry of primary cultured neurons is often used because it reflects the in vivo condition at least in part. Here, we describe a method for indirect fluorescence immunocytochemistry of primary cultured neurons from the embryonic cerebral cortex. This involves multiple steps including fixation, permeabilization, and antibody reaction, and in particular, we introduce an optimized protocol for permeabilization to enable the precise localization of target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Ito
- Department of Adaptive and Maladaptive Responses in Health and Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawauchi
- Department of Adaptive and Maladaptive Responses in Health and Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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