51
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Draheim KM, Huet-Calderwood C, Simon B, Calderwood DA. Nuclear Localization of Integrin Cytoplasmic Domain-associated Protein-1 (ICAP1) Influences β1 Integrin Activation and Recruits Krev/Interaction Trapped-1 (KRIT1) to the Nucleus. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1884-1898. [PMID: 28003363 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.762393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Binding of ICAP1 (integrin cytoplasmic domain-associated protein-1) to the cytoplasmic tails of β1 integrins inhibits integrin activation. ICAP1 also binds to KRIT1 (Krev interaction trapped-1), a protein whose loss of function leads to cerebral cavernous malformation, a cerebrovascular dysplasia occurring in up to 0.5% of the population. We previously showed that KRIT1 functions as a switch for β1 integrin activation by antagonizing ICAP1-mediated inhibition of integrin activation. Here we use overexpression studies, mutagenesis, and flow cytometry to show that ICAP1 contains a functional nuclear localization signal and that nuclear localization impairs the ability of ICAP1 to suppress integrin activation. Moreover, we find that ICAP1 drives the nuclear localization of KRIT1 in a manner dependent upon a direct ICAP1/KRIT1 interaction. Thus, nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of ICAP1 influences both integrin activation and KRIT1 localization, presumably impacting nuclear functions of KRIT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Draheim
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Clotilde Huet-Calderwood
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Bertrand Simon
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - David A Calderwood
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; the Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.
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52
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Changede R, Sheetz M. Integrin and cadherin clusters: A robust way to organize adhesions for cell mechanics. Bioessays 2016; 39:1-12. [PMID: 27930828 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies at the nanometer scale have revealed that relatively uniform clusters of adhesion proteins (50-100 nm) constitute the modular units of cell adhesion sites in both cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesions. Super resolution microscopy and membrane protein diffusion studies both suggest that even large focal adhesions are formed of 100 nm clusters that are loosely aggregated. Clusters of 20-50 adhesion molecules (integrins or cadherins) can support large forces through avidity binding interactions but can also be disassembled or endocytosed rapidly. Assembly of the clusters of integrins is force-independent and involves gathering integrins at ligand binding sites where they are stabilized by cytoplasmic adhesion proteins that crosslink the integrin cytoplasmic tails plus connect the clusters to the cell cytoskeleton. Cooperative-signaling events can occur in a single cluster without cascading to other clusters. Thus, the clusters appear to be very important elements in many cellular processes and can be considered as a critical functional module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishita Changede
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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53
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Lu Z, Mathew S, Chen J, Hadziselimovic A, Palamuttam R, Hudson BG, Fässler R, Pozzi A, Sanders CR, Zent R. Implications of the differing roles of the β1 and β3 transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains for integrin function. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27929375 PMCID: PMC5207772 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors composed of α and β subunits. Although most integrins contain β1, canonical activation mechanisms are based on studies of the platelet integrin, αIIbβ3. Its inactive conformation is characterized by the association of the αIIb transmembrane and cytosolic domain (TM/CT) with a tilted β3 TM/CT that leads to activation when disrupted. We show significant structural differences between β1 and β3 TM/CT in bicelles. Moreover, the 'snorkeling' lysine at the TM/CT interface of β subunits, previously proposed to regulate αIIbβ3 activation by ion pairing with nearby lipids, plays opposite roles in β1 and β3 integrin function and in neither case is responsible for TM tilt. A range of affinities from almost no interaction to the relatively high avidity that characterizes αIIbβ3 is seen between various α subunits and β1 TM/CTs. The αIIbβ3-based canonical model for the roles of the TM/CT in integrin activation and function clearly does not extend to all mammalian integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Sijo Mathew
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Jiang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Arina Hadziselimovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Riya Palamuttam
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, United States.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Charles R Sanders
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, United States
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54
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Fan Z, Ley K. Leukocyte arrest: Biomechanics and molecular mechanisms of β2 integrin activation. Biorheology 2016; 52:353-77. [PMID: 26684674 DOI: 10.3233/bir-15085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are a group of heterodimeric transmembrane receptors that play essential roles in cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction. Integrins are important in many physiological processes and diseases. Integrins acquire affinity to their ligand by undergoing molecular conformational changes called activation. Here we review the molecular biomechanics during conformational changes of integrins, integrin functions in leukocyte biorheology (adhesive functions during rolling and arrest) and molecules involved in integrin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Fan
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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55
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Singh D, Upadhyay G, Sengupta A, Biplob MA, Chakyayil S, George T, Saleque S. Cooperative Stimulation of Megakaryocytic Differentiation by Gfi1b Gene Targets Kindlin3 and Talin1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164506. [PMID: 27768697 PMCID: PMC5074496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the production and differentiation of megakaryocytes from progenitors is crucial for realizing the biology and functions of these vital cells. Previous gene ablation studies demonstrated the essential role of the transcriptional repressor Gfi1b (growth factor independence 1b) in the generation of both erythroid and megakaryocytic cells. However, our recent work has demonstrated the down-regulation of this factor during megakaryocytic differentiation. In this study we identify two new gene targets of Gfi1b, the cytoskeletal proteins Kindlin3 and Talin1, and demonstrate the inverse expression and functions of these cytoskeletal targets relative to Gfi1b, during megakaryocytic differentiation. Both kindlin3 and talin1 promoters exhibit dose dependent Gfi1b and LSD1 (lysine specific demethylase 1; a Gfi1b cofactor) enrichment in megakaryocytes and repression in non-hematopoietic cells. Accordingly the expression of these genes is elevated in gfi1b mutant and LSD1 inhibited hematopoietic cells, while during megakaryocytic differentiation, declining Gfi1b levels fostered the reciprocal upregulation of these cytoskeletal factors. Concordantly, manipulation of Kindlin3 and Talin1 expression demonstrated positive correlation with megakaryocytic differentiation with over-expression stimulating, and inhibition diminishing, this process. Co-operativity between these factors and integrins in promoting differentiation was further underscored by physical interactions between them and integrinβ3/CD61 and by stimulation of differentiation by the Talin1 head domain, which is necessary and sufficient for integrin activation. Therefore this study demonstrates the significance of Gfi1b regulated Kindlin3-Talin1 expression in driving megakaryocytic differentiation and highlights the contribution of cytoskeletal agents in the developmental progression of these platelet progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Singh
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, United States of America
| | - Ghanshyam Upadhyay
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, United States of America
| | - Ananya Sengupta
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, United States of America
| | - Mohammed A. Biplob
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, United States of America
| | - Shaleen Chakyayil
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, United States of America
| | - Tiji George
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, United States of America
| | - Shireen Saleque
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York and The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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56
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Li Z, Lee H, Zhu C. Molecular mechanisms of mechanotransduction in integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesion. Exp Cell Res 2016; 349:85-94. [PMID: 27720950 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell-matrix adhesion complexes are multi-protein structures linking the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the cytoskeleton. They are essential to both cell motility and function by bidirectionally sensing and transmitting mechanical and biochemical stimulations. Several types of cell-matrix adhesions have been identified and they share many key molecular components, such as integrins and actin-integrin linkers. Mechanochemical coupling between ECM molecules and the actin cytoskeleton has been observed from the single cell to the single molecule level and from immune cells to neuronal cells. However, the mechanisms underlying force regulation of integrin-mediated mechanotransduction still need to be elucidated. In this review article, we focus on integrin-mediated adhesions and discuss force regulation of cell-matrix adhesions and key adaptor molecules, three different force-dependent behaviors, and molecular mechanisms for mechanochemical coupling in force regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhai Li
- Molecular Modeling and Simulation Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; George W Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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57
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Kim J, Jang J, Yang C, Kim EJ, Jung H, Kim C. Vimentin filament controls integrin α5β1-mediated cell adhesion by binding to integrin through its Ser38 residue. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3517-3525. [PMID: 27658040 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of integrin affinity for its ligand is essential for cell adhesion and migration. Here, we found that direct interaction of vimentin with integrin β1 can enhance binding of integrin α5β1 to its ligand, fibronectin. Conversely, blocking the interaction reduced fibronectin binding, cell migration on a fibronectin-coated surface, and neural tube closure during Xenopus embryogenesis. We also found that withaferin A (WFA), a natural compound known to inhibit vimentin function, can suppress the vimentin-integrin interaction and abolish fibronectin binding. Finally, we identified Ser38 of vimentin as a critical residue for integrin binding. Our results suggest that phosphorylation of vimentin at Ser38 may regulate the integrin-ligand interaction, thus providing a molecular basis for antivimentin therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungim Jang
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chansik Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hosung Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chungho Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
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58
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Roles of integrin β3 cytoplasmic tail in bidirectional signal transduction in a trans-dominant inhibition model. Front Med 2016; 10:311-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11684-016-0460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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59
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Yurdagul A, Orr AW. Blood Brothers: Hemodynamics and Cell-Matrix Interactions in Endothelial Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:415-34. [PMID: 26715135 PMCID: PMC5011636 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Alterations in endothelial function contribute to a variety of vascular diseases. In pathological conditions, the endothelium shows a reduced ability to regulate vasodilation (endothelial dysfunction) and a conversion toward a proinflammatory and leaky phenotype (endothelial activation). At the interface between the vessel wall and blood, the endothelium exists in a complex microenvironment and must translate changes in these environmental signals to alterations in vessel function. Mechanical stimulation and endothelial cell interactions with the vascular matrix, as well as a host of soluble factors, coordinately contribute to this dynamic regulation. RECENT ADVANCES Blood hemodynamics play an established role in the regulation of endothelial function. However, a growing body of work suggests that subendothelial matrix composition similarly and coordinately regulates endothelial cell phenotype such that blood flow affects matrix remodeling, which affects the endothelial response to flow. CRITICAL ISSUES Hemodynamics and soluble factors likely affect endothelial matrix remodeling through multiple mechanisms, including transforming growth factor β signaling and alterations in cell-matrix receptors, such as the integrins. Likewise, differential integrin signaling following matrix remodeling appears to regulate several key flow-induced responses, including nitric oxide production, regulation of oxidant stress, and activation of proinflammatory signaling and gene expression. Microvascular remodeling responses, such as angiogenesis and arteriogenesis, may also show coordinated regulation by flow and matrix. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Identifying the mechanisms regulating the dynamic interplay between hemodynamics and matrix remodeling and their contribution to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease remains an important research area with therapeutic implications across a variety of conditions. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 415-434.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Yurdagul
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - A. Wayne Orr
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center–Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
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60
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Hoja-Łukowicz D, Przybyło M, Duda M, Pocheć E, Bubka M. On the trail of the glycan codes stored in cancer-related cell adhesion proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:3237-3257. [PMID: 27565356 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the profile of protein glycosylation are a hallmark of ongoing neoplastic transformation. A unique set of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens expressed on the surface of malignant cells may serve as powerful diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Cell-surface proteins with altered glycosylation affect the growth, proliferation and survival of those cells, and contribute to their acquisition of the ability to migrate and invade. They may also facilitate tumor-induced immunosuppression and the formation of distant metastases. Deciphering the information encoded in these particular glycan portions of glycoconjugates may shed light on the mechanisms of cancer progression and metastasis. A majority of the related review papers have focused on overall changes in the patterns of cell-surface glycans in various cancers, without pinpointing the molecular carriers of these glycan structures. The present review highlights the ways in which particular tumor-associated glycan(s) coupled with a given membrane-bound protein influence neoplastic cell behavior during the development and progression of cancer. We focus on altered glycosylated cell-adhesion molecules belonging to the cadherin, integrin and immunoglobulin-like superfamilies, examined in the context of molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Hoja-Łukowicz
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Przybyło
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Duda
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Ewa Pocheć
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Monika Bubka
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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61
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Salmela M, Rappu P, Lilja J, Niskanen H, Taipalus E, Jokinen J, Heino J. Tumor promoter PMA enhances kindlin-2 and decreases vimentin recruitment into cell adhesion sites. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 78:22-30. [PMID: 27373681 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Phorbol diester PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) is a well-known promoter of tumor progression. PMA also regulates cell adhesion by several mechanisms including conformational activation of integrins and integrin clustering. Here, PMA was shown to induce lamellipodia formation and reorganization of the adhesion sites as well as actin and vimentin filaments independently of integrin preactivation. To further analyze the mechanism of PMA action, the protein composition in the α1β1 integrin/collagen IV adhesion sites was analyzed by mass spectrometry and proteomics. In four independent experiments we observed the reduced recruitment of vimentin in relation to integrin α1 subunit. This was in full agreement with the fact that we also detected the retraction of vimentin from cell adhesions by confocal microscopy. Furthermore, the accumulation of kindlin-2 into cell adhesions was significantly increased after PMA treatment. Kindlin-2 siRNA inhibited cell spreading as well as the formation of actin fibrils and cell adhesions, but did not prevent the effect of PMA on lamellipodia formation. Thus, kindlin-2 recruitment was considered to be a consequence rather than the primary cause for the loss of connection between vimentin and the adhesion sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Salmela
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Rappu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Lilja
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Henri Niskanen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Taipalus
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Jokinen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jyrki Heino
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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62
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The Rap1-RIAM-talin axis of integrin activation and blood cell function. Blood 2016; 128:479-87. [PMID: 27207789 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-12-638700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin adhesion receptors mediate the adhesion of blood cells, such as leukocytes, to other cells, such as endothelial cells. Integrins also are critical for anchorage of hematopoietic precursors to the extracellular matrix. Blood cells can dynamically regulate the affinities of integrins for their ligands ("activation"), an event central to their functions. Here we review recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of integrin activation with a focus on the functions of blood cells. We discuss how talin binding to the integrin β cytoplasmic domain, in conjunction with the plasma membrane, induces long-range allosteric rearrangements that lead to integrin activation. Second, we review our understanding of how signaling events, particularly those involving Rap1 small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)hydrolases, can regulate the talin-integrin interaction and resulting activation. Third, we review recent findings that highlight the role of the Rap1-GTP-interacting adapter molecule (RIAM), encoded by the APBB1IP gene, in leukocyte integrin activation and consequently in leukocyte trafficking.
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63
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Mediates Integrin Signaling To Control RNA Polymerase I Transcriptional Activity. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:1555-68. [PMID: 26976639 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00004-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase I-mediated rRNA production is a key determinant of cell growth. Despite extensive studies, the signaling pathways that control RNA polymerase I-mediated rRNA production are not well understood. Here we provide original evidence showing that RNA polymerase I transcriptional activity is tightly controlled by integrin signaling. Furthermore, we show that a signaling axis consisting of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Src, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and mTOR mediates the effect of integrin signaling on rRNA transcription. Additionally, we show that in kindlin-2 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts, overactivation of Ras, Akt, and Src can successfully rescue the defective RNA polymerase I activity induced by the loss of kindlin-2. Finally, through experiments with inhibitors of FAK, Src, and PI3K and rescue experiments in MEFs, we found that the FAK/Src/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to control rRNA transcription is linear. Collectively, these studies reveal, for the first time, a pivotal role of integrin signaling in regulation of RNA polymerase I transcriptional activity and shed light on the downstream signaling axis that participates in regulation of this key aspect of cell growth.
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64
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Live cell imaging of actin dynamics in dexamethasone-treated porcine trabecular meshwork cells. Exp Eye Res 2016; 145:393-400. [PMID: 26927931 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells is important for controlling outflow of the aqueous humor. In some reports, dexamethasone (DEX) increased the aqueous humor outflow resistance and induced unusual actin structures, such as cross-linked actin networks (CLAN), in TM cells. However, the functions and dynamics of CLAN in TM cells are not completely known, partly because actin stress fibers have been observed only in fixed cells. We conducted live-cell imaging of the actin dynamics in TM cells with or without DEX treatment. An actin-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion construct with a modified insect virus was transfected into porcine TM cells. Time-lapse imaging of live TM cells treated with 25 μM Y-27632 and 100 nM DEX was performed using an inverted fluorescence microscope. Fluorescent images were recorded every 15 s for 30 min after Y-27632 treatment or every 30 min for 72 h after DEX treatment. The GFP-actin was expressed in 22.7 ± 10.9% of the transfected TM cells. In live TM cells, many actin stress fibers were observed before the Y-27632 treatment. Y-27632 changed the cell shape and decreased stress fibers in a time-dependent manner. In fixed cells, CLAN-like structures were seen in 26.5 ± 1.7% of the actin-GFP expressed PTM cells treated with DEX for 72 h. In live imaging, there was 28% CLAN-like structure formation at 72 h after DEX treatment, and the lifetime of CLAN-like structures increased after DEX treatment. The DEX-treated cells with CLAN-like structures showed less migration than DEX-treated cells without CLAN-like structures. Furthermore, the control cells (without DEX treatment) with CLAN-like structures also showed less migration than the control cells without CLAN-like structures. These results suggested that CLAN-like structure formation was correlated with cell migration in TM cells. Live cell imaging of the actin cytoskeleton provides valuable information on the actin dynamics in TM cells.
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65
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Haining AWM, Lieberthal TJ, Hernández ADR. Talin: a mechanosensitive molecule in health and disease. FASEB J 2016; 30:2073-85. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500080r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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66
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Qu J, Ero R, Feng C, Ong LT, Tan HF, Lee HS, Ismail MHB, Bu WT, Nama S, Sampath P, Gao YG, Tan SM. Kindlin-3 interacts with the ribosome and regulates c-Myc expression required for proliferation of chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18491. [PMID: 26677948 PMCID: PMC4683439 DOI: 10.1038/srep18491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Kindlins are FERM-containing cytoplasmic proteins that regulate integrin-mediated cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) attachments. Kindlin-3 is expressed in hematopoietic cells, platelets, and endothelial cells. Studies have shown that kindlin-3 stabilizes cell adhesion mediated by ß1, ß2, and ß3 integrins. Apart from integrin cytoplasmic tails, kindlins are known to interact with other cytoplasmic proteins. Here we demonstrate that kindlin-3 can associate with ribosome via the receptor for activated-C kinase 1 (RACK1) scaffold protein based on immunoprecipitation, ribosome binding, and proximity ligation assays. We show that kindlin-3 regulates c-Myc protein expression in the human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line K562. Cell proliferation was reduced following siRNA reduction of kindlin-3 expression and a significant reduction in tumor mass was observed in xenograft experiments. Mechanistically, kindlin-3 is involved in integrin α5ß1-Akt-mTOR-p70S6K signaling; however, its regulation of c-Myc protein expression could be independent of this signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Rya Ero
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Chen Feng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Li-Teng Ong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Hui-Foon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Hui-Shan Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Muhammad H B Ismail
- Institute of Medical Biology, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Wen-Ting Bu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Srikanth Nama
- Institute of Medical Biology, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Prabha Sampath
- Institute of Medical Biology, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117597,Singapore.,Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Yong-Gui Gao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Suet-Mien Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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67
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Klapproth S, Moretti FA, Zeiler M, Ruppert R, Breithaupt U, Mueller S, Haas R, Mann M, Sperandio M, Fässler R, Moser M. Minimal amounts of kindlin-3 suffice for basal platelet and leukocyte functions in mice. Blood 2015; 126:2592-600. [PMID: 26438512 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-04-639310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic cells depend on integrin-mediated adhesion and signaling, which is induced by kindlin-3 and talin-1. To determine whether platelet and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) functions require specific thresholds of kindlin-3, we generated mouse strains expressing 50%, 10%, or 5% of normal kindlin-3 levels. We report that in contrast to kindlin-3-null mice, which die perinatally of severe bleeding and leukocyte adhesion deficiency, mice expressing as little as 5% of kindlin-3 were viable and protected from spontaneous bleeding and infections. However, platelet adhesion and aggregation were reduced in vitro and bleeding times extended. Similarly, leukocyte adhesion, extravasation, and bacterial clearance were diminished. Quantification of protein copy numbers revealed stoichiometric quantities of kindlin-3 and talin-1 in platelets and neutrophils, indicating that reduction of kindlin-3 in our mouse strains progressively impairs the cooperation with talin-1. Our findings show that very low levels of kindlin-3 enable basal platelet and neutrophil functions, whereas in stress situations such as injury and infection, platelets and neutrophils require a maximum of functional integrins that is achieved with high and stoichiometric quantities of kindlin-3 and talin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Klapproth
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany; Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Federico A Moretti
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Marlis Zeiler
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Martinsried, Germany; and
| | - Raphael Ruppert
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ute Breithaupt
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, and
| | - Susanna Mueller
- Institute for Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Haas
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, and
| | - Matthias Mann
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Martinsried, Germany; and
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Markus Moser
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Martinsried, Germany
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68
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Orłowski A, Kukkurainen S, Pöyry A, Rissanen S, Vattulainen I, Hytönen VP, Róg T. PIP2 and Talin Join Forces to Activate Integrin. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:12381-9. [PMID: 26309152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b06457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are major players in cell adhesion and migration, and malfunctions in controlling their activity are associated with various diseases. Nevertheless, the details of integrin activation are not completely understood, and the role of lipids in the process is largely unknown. Herein, we show using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations that the interplay of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and talin may directly alter the conformation of integrin αIIbβ3. Our results provide a new perspective on the role of PIP2 in integrin activation and indicate that the charged PIP2 lipid headgroup can perturb a clasp at the cytoplasmic face of the integrin heterodimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Orłowski
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sampo Kukkurainen
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere , FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories Ltd. , FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Annika Pöyry
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Rissanen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere , FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories Ltd. , FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
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69
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Yago T, Tsukamoto H, Liu Z, Wang Y, Thompson LF, McEver RP. Multi-Inhibitory Effects of A2A Adenosine Receptor Signaling on Neutrophil Adhesion Under Flow. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3880-9. [PMID: 26355151 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) signaling negatively regulates inflammatory responses in many disease models, but the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. We used the selective A2AAR agonist, ATL313, to examine how A2AAR signaling affects human and murine neutrophil adhesion under flow. Treating neutrophils with ATL313 inhibited selectin-induced, β2 integrin-dependent slow rolling and chemokine-induced, β2 integrin-dependent arrest on ICAM-1. ATL313 inhibited selectin-induced β2 integrin extension, which supports slow rolling, and chemokine-induced hybrid domain "swing-out," which supports arrest. Furthermore, ATL313 inhibited integrin outside-in signaling as revealed by reduced neutrophil superoxide production and spreading on immobilized anti-β2 integrin Ab. ATL313 suppressed selectin-triggered activation of Src family kinases (SFKs) and p38 MAPK, chemokine-triggered activation of Ras-related protein 1, and β2 integrin-triggered activation of SFKs and Vav cytoskeletal regulatory proteins. ATL313 activated protein kinase A and its substrate C-terminal Src kinase, an inhibitor of SFKs. Treating neutrophils with a protein kinase A inhibitor blocked the actions of ATL313. In vivo, ATL313-treated neutrophils rolled faster and arrested much less frequently in postcapillary venules of the murine cremaster muscle after TNF-α challenge. Furthermore, ATL313 markedly suppressed neutrophil migration into the peritoneum challenged with thioglycollate. ATL313 did not affect A2AAR-deficient neutrophils, confirming its specificity. Our findings provide new insights into the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of A2AAR signaling and the potential utility of A2AAR agonists in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadayuki Yago
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Hiroki Tsukamoto
- Immunobiology and Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Ying Wang
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and
| | - Linda F Thompson
- Immunobiology and Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Rodger P McEver
- Cardiovascular Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and
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70
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McEver RP. Selectins: initiators of leucocyte adhesion and signalling at the vascular wall. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:331-9. [PMID: 25994174 PMCID: PMC4592324 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The selectins are transmembrane, Ca(2+)-dependent lectins that mediate leucocyte rolling on vascular surfaces, the first adhesive step during inflammation and immune surveillance. Leucocytes express L-selectin, activated platelets express P-selectin, and activated endothelial cells express E- and P-selectin. Rolling involves force-regulated, rapidly reversible interactions of selectins with a limited number of glycosylated cell surface ligands. Rolling permits leucocytes to interact with immobilized chemokines that convert β2 integrins to high-affinity conformations, which mediate arrest, post-arrest adhesion strengthening, and transendothelial migration. However, rolling leucocytes also transduce signals through selectin ligands, the focus of this review. These signals include serial activation of kinases and recruitment of adaptors that convert integrins to intermediate-affinity conformations, which decrease rolling velocities. In vitro, selectin signalling enables myeloid cells to respond to suboptimal levels of chemokines and other agonists. This cooperative signalling triggers effector responses such as degranulation, superoxide production, chemokine synthesis, and release of procoagulant/proinflammatory microparticles. In vivo, selectin-mediated adhesion and signalling likely contributes to atherosclerosis, arterial and deep vein thrombosis, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodger P McEver
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 825 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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71
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Yago T, Petrich BG, Zhang N, Liu Z, Shao B, Ginsberg MH, McEver RP. Blocking neutrophil integrin activation prevents ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Exp Med 2015; 212:1267-81. [PMID: 26169939 PMCID: PMC4516797 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20142358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil recruitment, mediated by β2 integrins, combats pyogenic infections but also plays a key role in ischemia-reperfusion injury and other inflammatory disorders. Talin induces allosteric rearrangements in integrins that increase affinity for ligands (activation). Talin also links integrins to actin and other proteins that enable formation of adhesions. Structural studies have identified a talin1 mutant (L325R) that perturbs activation without impairing talin's capacity to link integrins to actin and other proteins. Here, we found that mice engineered to express only talin1(L325R) in myeloid cells were protected from renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Dissection of neutrophil function in vitro and in vivo revealed that talin1(L325R) neutrophils had markedly impaired chemokine-induced, β2 integrin-mediated arrest, spreading, and migration. Surprisingly, talin1(L325R) neutrophils exhibited normal selectin-induced, β2 integrin-mediated slow rolling, in sharp contrast to the defective slow rolling of neutrophils lacking talin1 or expressing a talin1 mutant (W359A) that blocks talin interaction with integrins. These studies reveal the importance of talin-mediated activation of integrins for renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. They further show that neutrophil arrest requires talin recruitment to and activation of integrins. However, although neutrophil slow rolling requires talin recruitment to integrins, talin-mediated integrin activation is dispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadayuki Yago
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Brian G Petrich
- Department of Pediatrics and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 Department of Pediatrics and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Bojing Shao
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Mark H Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Rodger P McEver
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
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72
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Iwamoto DV, Calderwood DA. Regulation of integrin-mediated adhesions. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2015; 36:41-7. [PMID: 26189062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane adhesion receptors that couple the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular environment and bidirectionally relay signals across the cell membrane. These processes are critical for cell attachment, migration, differentiation, and survival, and therefore play essential roles in metazoan development, physiology, and pathology. Integrin-mediated adhesions are regulated by diverse factors, including the conformation-specific affinities of integrin receptors for their extracellular ligands, the clustering of integrins and their intracellular binding partners into discrete adhesive structures, mechanical forces exerted on the adhesion, and the intracellular trafficking of integrins themselves. Recent advances shed light onto how the interaction of specific intracellular proteins with the short cytoplasmic tails of integrins controls each of these activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V Iwamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - David A Calderwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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73
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Abstract
During the past decade, advanced techniques in structural biology have provided atomic level information on the platelet integrin αIIbβ3 activation mechanism that results in it adopting a high-affinity ligand-binding conformation(s). This review focuses on advances in imaging intact αIIbβ3 in a lipid bilayer in the absence of detergent and new structural insights into the changes in the ligand-binding pocket with receptor activation and ligand binding. It concludes with descriptions of novel therapeutic αIIbβ3 antagonists being developed based on an advanced knowledge of the receptor's structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Coller
- Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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74
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De Franceschi N, Ivaska J. Integrin bondage: filamin takes control. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2015; 22:355-7. [DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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75
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Tan CL, Kwok JCF, Heller JPD, Zhao R, Eva R, Fawcett JW. Full length talin stimulates integrin activation and axon regeneration. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 68:1-8. [PMID: 25771432 PMCID: PMC4604251 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin function is regulated by activation involving conformational changes that modulate ligand-binding affinity and downstream signaling. Activation is regulated through inside-out signaling which is controlled by many signaling pathways via a final common pathway through kindlin and talin, which bind to the intracellular tail of beta integrins. Previous studies have shown that the axon growth inhibitory molecules NogoA and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) inactivate integrins. Overexpressing kindlin-1 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons activates integrins, enabling their axons to overcome inhibitory molecules in the environment, and promoting regeneration in vivo following dorsal root crush. Other studies have indicated that expression of the talin head alone or with kindlin can enhance integrin activation. Here, using adult rat DRG neurons, we investigate the effects of overexpressing various forms of talin on axon growth and integrin signaling. We found that overexpression of the talin head activated axonal integrins but inhibited downstream signaling via FAK, and did not promote axon growth. Similarly, co-expression of the talin head and kindlin-1 prevented the growth-promoting effect of kindlin-1, suggesting that the talin head acts as a form of dominant negative for integrin function. Using full-length talin constructs in PC12 cells we observed that neurite growth was enhanced by the expression of wild-type talin and more so by two ‘activated’ forms of talin produced by point mutation (on laminin and aggrecan–laminin substrates). Nevertheless, co-expression of full-length talin with kindlin did not promote neurite growth more than either molecule alone. In vivo, we find that talin is present in PNS axons (sciatic nerve), and also in CNS axons of the corticospinal tract. Full length talin can activate integrins and stimulate axon regeneration on inhibitory CSPGs. The talin head domain can activate integrins, but acts as a dominant negative for talin function. Talin and kindlins do not have additive effects on axon growth. Talin is transported into the axons of the sciatic nerve and the corticospinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Lik Tan
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Jessica C F Kwok
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Janosch P D Heller
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Rongrong Zhao
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Richard Eva
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - James W Fawcett
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK.
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76
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Yoneda A. Fibronectin Matrix Assembly and Its Significant Role in Cancer Progression and Treatment. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2015. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1421.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Yoneda
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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77
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Truong T, Shams H, Mofrad MRK. Mechanisms of integrin and filamin binding and their interplay with talin during early focal adhesion formation. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:1285-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00133a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of the interplay among filamin, integrin and talin during early focal adhesion formation were explored using molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Truong
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory
- Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering
- University of California Berkeley
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Hengameh Shams
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory
- Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering
- University of California Berkeley
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Mohammad R. K. Mofrad
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory
- Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering
- University of California Berkeley
- Berkeley
- USA
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78
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79
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Structural and mechanistic insights into the recruitment of talin by RIAM in integrin signaling. Structure 2014; 22:1810-1820. [PMID: 25465129 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane (PM)-bound GTPase Rap1 recruits the Rap1-interacting-adaptor-molecule (RIAM), which in turn recruits talin to bind and activate integrins. However, it is unclear how RIAM recruits talin and why its close homolog lamellipodin does not. Here, we report that, although RIAM possesses two talin-binding sites (TBS1 and TBS2), only TBS1 is capable of recruiting cytoplasmic talin to the PM, and the R8 domain is the strongest binding site in talin. Crystal structure of an R7R8:TBS1 complex reveals an unexpected kink in the TBS1 helix that is not shared in the homologous region of lamellipodin. This kinked helix conformation is required for the colocalization of RIAM and talin at the PM and proper activation of integrin. Our findings provide the structural and mechanistic insight into talin recruitment by RIAM that underlies integrin activation and explain the differential functions of the otherwise highly homologous RIAM and lamellipodin in integrin signaling.
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80
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Qu H, Tu Y, Guan JL, Xiao G, Wu C. Kindlin-2 tyrosine phosphorylation and interaction with Src serve as a regulatable switch in the integrin outside-in signaling circuit. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31001-13. [PMID: 25237194 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.580811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin-mediated cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion is critical for control of intracellular signaling; however, the mechanisms underlying this "outside-in" signaling are incompletely understood. Here we show that depletion of kindlin-2 impairs integrin outside-in signaling. Kindlin-2 is tyrosine-phosphorylated upon cell-ECM adhesion. Furthermore, kindlin-2 binds Src in a cell-ECM adhesion-regulatable fashion. At the molecular level, the kindlin-2·Src interaction is mediated by the kindlin-2 F0 and the Src SH2 and SH3 domains. Src activation increases kindlin-2 tyrosine phosphorylation and the kindlin-2·Src interaction. Conversely, inhibition of Src reduces kindlin-2 tyrosine phosphorylation and diminishes the kindlin-2·Src interaction. Finally, disruption of the kindlin-2·Src interaction, unlike depletion of kindlin-2, impairs neither cell-ECM adhesion nor cell-ECM adhesion-induced focal adhesion kinase Tyr-397 phosphorylation. However, it markedly inhibits cell-ECM adhesion-induced paxillin tyrosine phosphorylation, cell migration, and proliferation. These results suggest that kindlin-2 tyrosine phosphorylation and interaction with Src serve as a regulatable switch downstream of focal adhesion kinase in the integrin outside-in signaling circuit, relaying signals from cell-ECM adhesion to paxillin that control cell migration and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qu
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 15261
| | - Yizeng Tu
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 15261
| | - Jun-Lin Guan
- the Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, and
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- the Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Chuanyue Wu
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 15261,
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81
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Li A, Guo Q, Kim C, Hu W, Ye F. Integrin αII b tail distal of GFFKR participates in inside-out αII b β3 activation. J Thromb Haemost 2014; 12:1145-55. [PMID: 24837519 PMCID: PMC4107134 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increases in ligand binding to integrins (activation) play critical roles in platelet and leukocyte function. Integrin activation requires talin and kindlin binding to integrin β cytoplasmic tails. Research has focused on the conserved GFFKR motif in integrin αII b tails, integrin β cytoplasmic tails and the binding partners of β tails. However, the roles of αII b tail distal of GFFKR motif are unexplored. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of αII b tail distal of GFFKR in talin-mediated inside-out integrin signaling. METHODS We used model cell systems to examine the role of αII b tail distal of GFFKR in bidirectional αII b β3 signaling and αII b β3 -talin interactions. RESULTS Deletion of amino acid residues after the GFFKR motif in αII b tail moderately decreased β3 (D723R)-induced activation, abolished talin-induced αII b β3 activation in model cells, and inhibited agonist-induced αII b β3 activation in megakaryocytic cells. Furthermore, residues in αII b tail distal of GFFKR did not affect outside-in αII b β3 signaling or αII b β3 -talin interaction. Addition of non-homologous or non-specific amino acids to the GFFKR motif restored αII b β3 activation in model cells and in megakaryocytic cells. Molecular modeling indicates that β3 -bound talin sterically clashes with the αII b tail in the αII b β3 complexes, potentially disfavoring the α-β interactions that keep αII b β3 inactive. CONCLUSION The αII b tail sequences distal of GFFKR participate in talin-mediated inside-out αII b β3 activation through its steric clashes with β3 -bound talin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chungho Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Weiming Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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Shishido S, Bönig H, Kim YM. Role of integrin alpha4 in drug resistance of leukemia. Front Oncol 2014; 4:99. [PMID: 24904821 PMCID: PMC4033044 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drug resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a significant problem, resulting in poor responsiveness to first-line treatment or relapse after transient remission. Classical anti-leukemic drugs are non-specific cell cycle poisons; some more modern drugs target oncogenic pathways in leukemia cells, although in ALL these do not play a very significant role. By contrast, the molecular interactions between microenvironment and leukemia cells are often neglected in the design of novel therapies against drug resistant leukemia. It was shown however, that chemotherapy resistance is promoted in part through cell–cell contact of leukemia cells with bone marrow (BM) stromal cells, also called cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR). Incomplete response to chemotherapy results in persistence of resistant clones with or without detectable minimal residual disease (MRD). Approaches for how to address CAM-DR and MRD remain elusive. Specifically, studies using anti-functional antibodies and genetic models have identified integrin alpha4 as a critical molecule regulating BM homing and active retention of normal and leukemic cells. Pre-clinical evidence has been provided that interference with alpha4-mediated adhesion of ALL cells can sensitize them to chemotherapy and thus facilitate eradication of ALL cells in an MRD setting. To this end, Andreeff and colleagues recently provided evidence of stroma-induced and alpha4-mediated nuclear factor-κB signaling in leukemia cells, disruption of which depletes leukemia cells of strong survival signals. We here review the available evidence supporting the targeting of alpha4 as a novel strategy for treatment of drug resistant leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Shishido
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Halvard Bönig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Goethe University , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Yong-Mi Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA , USA
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