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Beneficial impact of a mix of dairy fat with rapeseed oil on n-6 and n-3 PUFA metabolism in the rat: A small enrichment in dietary alpha-linolenic acid greatly increases its conversion to DHA in the liver. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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López-Domínguez JA, Ramsey JJ, Tran D, Imai DM, Koehne A, Laing ST, Griffey SM, Kim K, Taylor SL, Hagopian K, Villalba JM, López-Lluch G, Navas P, McDonald RB. The Influence of Dietary Fat Source on Life Span in Calorie Restricted Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 70:1181-8. [PMID: 25313149 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) without malnutrition extends life span in several animal models. It has been proposed that a decrease in the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and especially n-3 fatty acids, in membrane phospholipids may contribute to life span extension with CR. Phospholipid PUFAs are sensitive to dietary fatty acid composition, and thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of dietary lipids on life span in CR mice. C57BL/6J mice were assigned to four groups (a 5% CR control group and three 40% CR groups) and fed diets with soybean oil (high in n-6 PUFAs), fish oil (high in n-3 PUFAs), or lard (high in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids) as the primary lipid source. Life span was increased (p < .05) in all CR groups compared to the Control mice. Life span was also increased (p < .05) in the CR lard mice compared to animals consuming either the CR fish or soybean oil diets. These results indicate that dietary lipid composition can influence life span in mice on CR, and suggest that a diet containing a low proportion of PUFAs and high proportion of monounsaturated and saturated fats may maximize life span in animals maintained on CR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Denise M Imai
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, and
| | - Amanda Koehne
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, and
| | - Steven T Laing
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, and
| | - Stephen M Griffey
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, and
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis
| | - Sandra L Taylor
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis
| | | | - José M Villalba
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
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Mennitti LV, Oliveira JL, Morais CA, Estadella D, Oyama LM, Oller do Nascimento CM, Pisani LP. Type of fatty acids in maternal diets during pregnancy and/or lactation and metabolic consequences of the offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 26:99-111. [PMID: 25459884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy and/or lactation, maternal nutrition is related to the adequate development of the fetus, newborn and future adult, likely by modifications in fetal programming and epigenetic regulation. Fetal programming is characterized by adaptive responses to specific environmental conditions during early life stages, which may alter gene expression and permanently affect the structure and function of several organs and tissues, thus influencing the susceptibility to metabolic disorders. Regarding lipid metabolism during the first two trimesters of pregnancy, the maternal body accumulates fat, whereas in late pregnancy, the lipolytic activity in the maternal adipose tissue is increased. However, an excess or deficiency of certain fatty acids may lead to adverse consequences to the fetuses and newborns. Fetal exposure to trans fatty acids appears to promote early deleterious effects in the offspring's health, thereby increasing the individual risk for developing metabolic diseases throughout life. Similarly, the maternal intake of saturated fatty acids seems to trigger alterations in the liver and adipose tissue function associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly long-chain PUFAs (long-chain PUFA-arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid), play an important and beneficial physiologic role in the offspring who receive this fatty acid during critical periods of development. Therefore, the maternal nutritional condition and fatty acid intake during pregnancy and/or lactation are critical factors that are strongly associated with normal fetal and postnatal development, which influence the modifications in fetal programming and in the individual risk for developing metabolic diseases throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís V Mennitti
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos/SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana L Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Carina A Morais
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos/SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Estadella
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos/SP, Brazil
| | - Lila M Oyama
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana P Pisani
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos/SP, Brazil.
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Chung DWD, Frausto RF, Ann LB, Jang MS, Aldave AJ. Functional impact of ZEB1 mutations associated with posterior polymorphous and Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophies. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:6159-66. [PMID: 25190660 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-15247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the impact of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) gene mutations associated with posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy 3 (PPCD3) and Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). METHODS Thirteen of the 27 previously reported ZEB1 truncating mutations associated with PPCD3 and the six previously reported ZEB1 missense mutations associated with FECD were generated and transiently transfected into a corneal endothelial cell line. Protein abundance was determined by immunoblotting, while intracellular localization was determined by fluorescence confocal microscopy. RESULTS Three of the 13 ZEB1 truncated mutants, and none of the missense mutants, showed significant decrease in mutant ZEB1 protein levels. Predominant nuclear localization was observed for truncated ZEB1 mutant proteins with a predicted molecular weight of less than 92 kilodaltons. The two largest mutant proteins that lacked a putative nuclear localization signal (NLS), p.(Ser638Cysfs*5) and p.(Gln884Argfs*37), primarily localized to the cytoplasm, while the NLS-containing mutant proteins, p.(Glu997Alafs*7) and p.(Glu1039Glyfs*6), primarily localized to the nucleus. All the missense ZEB1 mutant proteins were exclusively present in the nucleus. CONCLUSIONS ZEB1 truncating mutations result in a significant decrease and/or impaired nuclear localization of the encoded protein, indicating that ZEB1 haploinsufficiency in PPCD3 may result from decreased protein production and/or impaired cellular localization. Conversely, as the reported ZEB1 missense mutations do not significantly impact protein abundance or nuclear localization, the effect of these mutations on ZEB1 function and their relationship to FECD, if any, remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk-Won D Chung
- The Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Ricardo F Frausto
- The Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Lydia B Ann
- The Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Michelle S Jang
- The Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Anthony J Aldave
- The Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
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Visioli F, Strata A. Milk, dairy products, and their functional effects in humans: a narrative review of recent evidence. Adv Nutr 2014; 5:131-43. [PMID: 24618755 PMCID: PMC3951796 DOI: 10.3945/an.113.005025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk is a widely consumed beverage that is essential to the diet of several millions of people worldwide because it provides important macro- and micronutrients. Milk is recognized as being useful during childhood and adolescence because of its composition; however, its relatively high saturated fat proportion raises issues of potential detrimental effects, namely on the cardiovascular system. This review evaluates the most recent literature on dairy and human health, framed within epidemiologic, experimental, and biochemical evidence. As an example, the effects of milk (notably skimmed milk) on body weight appear to be well documented, and the conclusions of the vast majority of published studies indicate that dairy consumption does not increase cardiovascular risk or the incidence of some cancers. Even though the available evidence is not conclusive, some studies suggest that milk and its derivatives might actually be beneficial to some population segments. Although future studies will help elucidate the role of milk and dairy products in human health, their use within a balanced diet should be considered in the absence of clear contraindications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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MacFarlane AA, Orriss G, Okun N, Meier M, Klonisch T, Khajehpour M, Stetefeld J. The pentameric channel of COMPcc in complex with different fatty acids. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48130. [PMID: 23133613 PMCID: PMC3487892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COMPcc forms a pentameric left-handed coiled coil that is known to bind hydrophilic signaling molecules such as vitamin D(3), and vitamin A. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In an integrated approach we reveal the unique binding properties of COMPcc for saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Our observations suggest that residues Met33 (gating pore), Thr40/Asn41 (water chamber) and Gln54 (electrostatic trap) are key elements for the binding of fatty acids by COMPcc. In addition, this work characterizes the binding of various fatty acids to COMPcc using fluorescence spectroscopy. Our findings reveal a binding trend within the hydrophobic channel of COMPcc, namely, that is driven by length of the methylene tail and incorporation of unsaturation. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE The unique binding properties imply that COMPcc may be involved in signalling functions in which hydrophilic ligands are involved. The pentameric channel is a unique carrier for lipophilic compounds. This opens the exciting possibility that COMPcc could be developed as a targeted drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Orriss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Natalie Okun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Markus Meier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Human Anatomy & Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Jörg Stetefeld
- Department of Chemistry, Microbiology, Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Whitten KM, Makriyannis A, Vadivel SK. Application of Chemoenzymatic Hydrolysis in the Synthesis of 2-Monoacylglycerols. Tetrahedron 2012; 68:5422-5428. [PMID: 22822273 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The selective biocatalyzed synthesis of 2-monoacylglycerols (2-MAGs) through the use of commercially available immobilized Candida antarctica (Novozym435) and Rhizomucor miehei is explored. Reactions at room temperature result in the formation of a 2-MAG and a corresponding ethyl ester of the fatty acid with immobilized Candida antarctica within 2h with yields ranging from 36%-83%. Similar reaction conditions with immobilized Rhizomucor miehei yielded exclusively the 2-MAG after 24h with yields ranging from 37% to 88%. Yields vary on the acyl group at the sn-2 position and choice of enzyme involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Whitten
- Center for Drug Discovery, 116 Mugar Hall, 360 Huntington Avenue, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
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60
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A mini-review on health and nutritional aspects of cheese with a focus on bioactive peptides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-012-0066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wong BXW, Kyle RA, Myhill PC, Croft KD, Quinn CM, Jessup W, Yeap BB. Dyslipidemic diabetic serum increases lipid accumulation and expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase in human macrophages. Lipids 2011; 46:931-41. [PMID: 21674150 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-011-3578-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, mechanisms by which hypertriglyceridemia influences atherogenesis remain unclear. We examined effects of dyslipidemic diabetic serum on macrophage lipid accumulation as a model of foam cell formation. Normal human macrophages were cultured in media supplemented with 10% serum from non-diabetic normolipidemic or non-diabetic hypercholesterolemic adults versus adults with Type 2 diabetes; diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia; or diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. Exposure to diabetic sera resulted in increased macrophage fatty acids (2-3 fold higher, both saturated and unsaturated). Macrophage expression of CD36, scavenger receptor A (SR-A) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) was increased, most prominently in macrophages exposed to hypertriglyceridemic diabetic serum (twofold increase in CD36 and fourfold increase in SCD, p < 0.05). In these conditions, RNA inhibition of CD36 reduced macrophage free cholesterol (163.9 ± 10.5 vs. 221.9 ± 26.2 mmol free cholesterol/g protein, p = 0.04). RNA inhibition of SCD decreased macrophage fatty acid content, increased ABCA1 level and enhanced cholesterol efflux (18.0 ± 3.9 vs. 8.0 ± 0.8% at 48 h, p = 0.03). Diabetic dyslipidemia may contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis via alterations in macrophage lipid metabolism favoring foam cell formation. Increased expression of CD36 and SR-A would facilitate macrophage lipid uptake, while increased expression of SCD could block compensatory upregulation of ABCA1 and cholesterol efflux. Further studies are needed to clarify whether modulation of macrophage lipid metabolism might reduce progression of diabetic atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce X W Wong
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle and Royal Perth Hospitals, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Iggman D, Risérus U. Role of different dietary saturated fatty acids for cardiometabolic risk. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.11.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Wong BXW, Kyle RA, Croft KD, Quinn CM, Jessup W, Yeap BB. Modulation of macrophage fatty acid content and composition by exposure to dyslipidemic serum in vitro. Lipids 2011; 46:371-80. [PMID: 21286835 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-011-3528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages in arterial walls accumulate lipids leading to the development of atherosclerotic plaques. However, mechanisms underlying macrophage lipid accumulation and foam cell formation are often studied without accounting for risk factors such as dyslipidemia. We investigated the effect of varying concentrations of triglyceride (TG) within physiological range on macrophage fatty acid (FA) accumulation and expression of cholesterol efflux proteins. Human monocytes were cultured in media supplemented with 10% sera containing low (0.7 mmol/L) to high (1.4 mmol/L) TG. The resulting macrophages were harvested after 10 days for analysis of FA content and composition and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Exposure to higher TG and lower HDL concentrations in media increased macrophage lipid content. Macrophages exposed to higher TG had increased total FA content compared with controls (876 μg/mg protein vs. 652 μg/mg protein) and greater proportions of C16:0, C18:1 and C18:2. Macrophage expression of both ABCA1 and ABCG1 cholesterol efflux proteins were reduced when higher TG concentrations were present in the media. Expression of scavenger receptor CD36, involved in lipoprotein uptake, was also downregulated in macrophages exposed to higher TG. Culturing macrophages in conditions of higher versus lower TG influenced macrophage FA content and composition, and levels of regulatory proteins. Replicating in vitro levels of dyslipidemia encountered in vivo may provide an informative model for investigation of atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce X W Wong
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle and Royal Perth Hospitals, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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