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Menberu MA, Liu S, Cooksley C, Hayes AJ, Psaltis AJ, Wormald PJ, Vreugde S. Corynebacterium accolens Has Antimicrobial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus Pathogens Isolated from the Sinonasal Niche of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020207. [PMID: 33672855 PMCID: PMC7918835 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium accolens is the predominant species of the healthy human nasal microbiota, and its relative abundance is decreased in the context of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of C. accolens isolated from a healthy human nasal cavity against planktonic and biofilm growth of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates (CIs) from CRS patients. Nasal swabs from twenty non-CRS control subjects were screened for the presence of C. accolens using microbiological and molecular techniques. C. accolens CIs and their culture supernatants were tested for their antimicrobial activity against eight S. aureus and eight MRSA 4CIs and S. aureus ATCC25923. The anti-biofilm potential of C. accolens cell-free culture supernatants (CFCSs) on S. aureus biofilms was also assessed. Of the 20 nasal swabs, 10 C. accolens CIs were identified and confirmed with rpoB gene sequencing. All isolates showed variable antimicrobial activity against eight out of 8 S. aureus and seven out of eight MRSA CIs. Culture supernatants from all C. accolens CIs exhibited a significant dose-dependent antibacterial activity (p < 0.05) against five out of five representative S. aureus and MRSA CIs. This inhibition was abolished after proteinase K treatment. C. accolens supernatants induced a significant reduction in metabolic activity and biofilm biomass of S. aureus and MRSA CIs compared to untreated growth control (p < 0.05). C. accolens exhibited antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and MRSA CIs in both planktonic and biofilm forms and holds promise for the development of innovative probiotic therapies to promote sinus health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Alemayehu Menberu
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville 5011, Australia; (M.A.M.); (S.L.); (C.C.); (A.J.P.); (P.-J.W.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar 196, Ethiopia
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville 5011, Australia; (M.A.M.); (S.L.); (C.C.); (A.J.P.); (P.-J.W.)
| | - Clare Cooksley
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville 5011, Australia; (M.A.M.); (S.L.); (C.C.); (A.J.P.); (P.-J.W.)
| | - Andrew James Hayes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3000, Australia;
| | - Alkis James Psaltis
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville 5011, Australia; (M.A.M.); (S.L.); (C.C.); (A.J.P.); (P.-J.W.)
| | - Peter-John Wormald
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville 5011, Australia; (M.A.M.); (S.L.); (C.C.); (A.J.P.); (P.-J.W.)
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville 5011, Australia; (M.A.M.); (S.L.); (C.C.); (A.J.P.); (P.-J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-(0)8-8222-6928
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Lee K, Tai J, Lee SH, Kim TH. Advances in the Knowledge of the Underlying Airway Remodeling Mechanisms in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Based on the Endotypes: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E910. [PMID: 33477617 PMCID: PMC7831322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa that affects up to 10% of the population worldwide. CRS is the most representative disease of the upper respiratory tract where airway remodeling occurs, including epithelial damage, thickening of the basement membrane, fibrosis, goblet cell hyperplasia, subepithelial edema, and osteitis. CRS is divided into two phenotypes according to the presence or absence of nasal polyps: CRS with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Based on the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism, CRS is also classified as eosinophilic CRS and non-eosinophilic CRS, owing to Type 2 T helper (Th2)-based inflammation and Type 1 T helper (Th1)/Type 17 T helper (Th17) skewed immune response, respectively. Differences in tissue remodeling in CRS are suggested to be based on the clinical phenotype and endotypes; this is because fibrosis is prominent in CRSsNP, whereas edematous changes occur in CRSwNP, especially in the eosinophilic type. This review aims to summarize the latest information on the different mechanisms of airway remodeling in CRS according to distinct endotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (K.L.); (J.T.); (S.H.L.)
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Kim KT, Jeong YH, Ahn SJ, Moon J, Cho YW, Chu K. Multiple Cranial Neuropathies Due to a Mixed Infection in Skull Base Osteomyelitis: A Nanopore Sequencing Study. J Clin Neurol 2021; 17:487-489. [PMID: 34184462 PMCID: PMC8242299 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2021.17.3.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keun Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yu Hun Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seon Jae Ahn
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jangsup Moon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Won Cho
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kon Chu
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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54
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Bartier S, Coste A, Béquignon E. Biotherapy and treatment of adult primary chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: Cellular and molecular bases. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2020; 138:355-362. [PMID: 33358657 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The present article reviews the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwCRSwNP) and underlying the action mechanisms of biotherapies. Biotherapy uses substances naturally produced by the organism or their specific antagonists targeting a proinflammatory mechanism. CRSwCRSwNP is a form of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), which is classically subdivided in to 2 types according to the presence of polyps. In recent years, the concept of endotypes emerged, with a more exhaustive definition of the types of CRS according to inflammatory mechanism, with a view to developing personalized treatments. CRSwNP pathophysiology is poorly understood. Polyps arise from a primary epithelial lesion in a context of chronic local inflammation, mainly type 2 in Europe, implicating eosinophils, IgE, Th2 cytokines (IL-4/IL-13, IL-5) and T and B cells. Biotherapy seems promising in CRSwNP. The present review details the various pathophysiological pathways underlying the action mechanisms of biotherapies, and the various published studies, assessing efficacy and mode of action in the treatment of CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bartier
- Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, 94000 Créteil, France; Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94000 Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Faculté de Médecine, 94000 Créteil, France; INSERM U955, 94000 Créteil, France; CNRS, ERL 7240, 94000 Créteil, France.
| | - A Coste
- Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, 94000 Créteil, France; Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94000 Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Faculté de Médecine, 94000 Créteil, France; INSERM U955, 94000 Créteil, France; CNRS, ERL 7240, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - E Béquignon
- Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, 94000 Créteil, France; Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94000 Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Faculté de Médecine, 94000 Créteil, France; INSERM U955, 94000 Créteil, France; CNRS, ERL 7240, 94000 Créteil, France
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Kaura A, Shukla R, Lamyman A, Almeyda R, Draper M, Martinez-Devesa P, Qureishi A. Photodynamic Therapy as a New Treatment for Chronic Rhinosinusitis - A Systematic Review. Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 58:254-267. [PMID: 33554201 DOI: 10.5152/tao.2020.5218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This review examines the latest evidence for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in treating chronic rhinosinusitis. MedLine, EMBASE and TRIP Database searches were conducted using the terms: "photodynamic" or "phototherapy" or "photo" and "sinusitis" or "rhinosinusitis," date range January 2000 to May 2020. A total of 192 records were initially identified, after duplicates and exclusions, 9 full papers and 3 abstracts were included. All study types including in-vitro, animal and human studies were evaluated. Whilst there is in-vitro evidence for the efficacy of PDT's bactericidal effect on drug resistant bacteria and biofilm viability, there are few clinical studies. PDT is a promising area of research, but larger, focused studies looking at the safety, delivery, efficacy, and patient selection are required before it can be considered a viable treatment for CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Kaura
- Ear Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rishi Shukla
- Department of ENT Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Abigail Lamyman
- Department of ENT Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Almeyda
- Department of ENT Surgery, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Craven Road, Reading, UK
| | - Mark Draper
- Department of ENT Surgery, Milton Keynes University Hospital, Standing Way, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Pablo Martinez-Devesa
- Department of ENT Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Ali Qureishi
- Department of ENT Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, UK
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Liu T, Sun Y, Bai W. The Role of Epigenetics in the Chronic Sinusitis with Nasal Polyp. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2020; 21:1. [PMID: 33236242 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-020-00976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common and heterogeneous inflammatory disease. The underlying epigenetic mechanisms and treatment of CRSwNP are partially understood. Of the different epigenetic changes in CRSwNP, histone deacetylases (HDACs), methylation of DNA, and the levels of miRNA are widely studied. Here, we review the human studies of epigenetic mechanisms in CRSwNP. RECENT FINDINGS The promoters of COL18A1, PTGES, PLAT, and TSLP genes are hypermethylated in CRSwNP compared with those of controls, while the promoters of PGDS, ALOX5AP, LTB4R, IL-8, and FZD5 genes are hypomethylated in CRSwNP. Promoter hypermethylation suppresses the gene expression, while promoter hypomethylation increases the gene expression. Studies have shown the elevation in the levels of HDAC2, HDAC4, and H3K4me3 in CRSwNP. In CRSwNP patients, there is also an upregulation of certain miRNAs including miR-125b, miR-155, miR-19a, miR-142-3p, and miR-21 and downregulation of miR-4492. Epigenetics takes part in the immunology of CRSwNP and may give rise to endotypes of CRSwNP. Both HDAC2 and the miRNA including miR-18a, miR-124a, and miR-142-3p may take function in the regulation of glucocorticoid resistance. HDAC inhibitors and KDM2B have shown effectiveness in decreasing nasal polyp, and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) or HDAC inhibitors may have a potential efficacy for the treatment of CRSwNP. Recent advances in the epigenetics of CRSwNP have led to the identification of several potential therapeutic targets for this disease. The use of epigenetics may provide novel and effective biomarkers and therapies for the treatment of nasal polyp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Weiliang Bai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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57
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Imoto Y, Takabayashi T, Sakashita M, Kato Y, Yoshida K, Kidoguchi M, Koyama K, Adachi N, Kimura Y, Ogi K, Ito Y, Kanno M, Okamoto M, Narita N, Fujieda S. Enhanced 15-Lipoxygenase 1 Production is Related to Periostin Expression and Eosinophil Recruitment in Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111568. [PMID: 33218117 PMCID: PMC7698943 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathological features of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) tissues include an eosinophilic infiltration pattern (eosinophilic CRS (ECRS)) or a less eosinophilic pattern (non-ECRS). Recently, it has been suggested that 15-lipoxygenase 1 (15-LOX-1) may have significant roles in allergic disease; however, the significance of 15-LOX-1 in CRS is not well understood. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the expression of 15-LOX-1 in CRS. METHODS The mRNA expression levels of 15-LOX-1 and periostin in nasal tissues were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We also performed an immunofluorescence study of nasal tissues. Cells of the Eol-1 eosinophilic leukemic cell line were stimulated with interleukin-33 to test the induction of 15-LOX-1. RESULTS The expression level of 15-LOX-1 mRNA in nasal polyps (NPs) was significantly higher in ECRS patients than in non-ECRS patients. The immunofluorescence study revealed that both airway epithelial cells and eosinophils in NPs expressed 15-LOX-1. A significant correlation was seen between the number of eosinophils and the mRNA expression levels of 15-LOX-1 and periostin in nasal polyps. Moreover, interleukin-33 enhanced 15-LOX-1 expression in Eol-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS 15-LOX-1 was shown to be a significant molecule that facilitates eosinophilic inflammation in ECRS.
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Staphylococcus aureus Infection and Persistence in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Focus on Leukocidin ED. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12110678. [PMID: 33126405 PMCID: PMC7692112 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12110678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is thought to be a multifactorial disease that includes a direct involvement of bacteria that trigger inflammation and contribute to CRS pathogenesis. Staphylococcus aureus infection and persistence is associated with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and it may be particularly relevant in the form with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The large array of exotoxins deployed by S. aureus is instrumental for the bacterium to warrant its infection and dissemination in different human body districts. Here, we analyze the common Th2 environment in CRSwNP and prospect a possible dynamic role played by S. aureus leukocidins in promoting this chronic inflammation, considering leukocidin ED (LukED) as a strong prototype candidate worth of therapeutic investigation. CCR5 is an essential target for LukED to exert its cytotoxicity towards T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Therefore, CCR5 blockade might be an interesting therapeutic option for CRS and, more specifically, persistent and relapsing CRSwNP. In this perspective, the arsenal of CCR5 antagonists being developed to inhibit HIV-1 entry (CCR5 being the major HIV-1 co-receptor) could be easily repurposed for CRS therapeutic investigation. Finally, direct targeting of LukED by neutralizing antibodies could represent an important additional solution to S. aureus infection.
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59
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Jorde I, Hildebrand CB, Kershaw O, Lücke E, Stegemann-Koniszewski S, Schreiber J. Modulation of Allergic Sensitization and Allergic Inflammation by Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin B in an Ovalbumin Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2020; 11:592186. [PMID: 33193436 PMCID: PMC7649385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.592186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The superantigen Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) enterotoxin B (SEB) has been proposed a central player in the associations between S. aureus nasal colonization and the development of allergic asthma. Previously, SEB has been shown to aggravate allergic sensitization and allergic airway inflammation (AAI) in experimental mouse models. Aiming at understanding the underlying immunological mechanisms, we tested the hypothesis that intranasal (i.n.) SEB-treatment divergently modulates AAI depending on the timing and intensity of the SEB-encounter. In an ovalbumin-mediated mouse model of AAI, we treated mice i.n. with 50 ng or 500 ng SEB either together with the allergic challenge or prior to the peripheral sensitization. We observed SEB to affect different hallmark parameters of AAI depending on the timing and the dose of treatment. SEB administered i.n. together with the allergic challenge significantly modulated respiratory leukocyte accumulation, intensified lymphocyte activation and, at the higher dose, induced a strong type-1 and pro-inflammatory cytokine response and alleviated airway hyperreactivity in AAI. SEB administered i.n. prior to the allergic sensitization at the lower dose significantly boosted the specific IgE response while administration of the higher dose led to a significantly reduced recruitment of immune cells, including eosinophils, to the respiratory tract and to a significantly dampened Th-2 cytokine response without inducing a Th-1 or pro-inflammatory response. We show a remarkably versatile potential for SEB to either aggravate or alleviate different parameters of allergic sensitization and AAI. Our study thereby not only highlights the complexity of the associations between S. aureus and allergic asthma but possibly even points at prophylactic and therapeutic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Jorde
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg/Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I³), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christina B Hildebrand
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg/Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I³), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Olivia Kershaw
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Lücke
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg/Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I³), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Stegemann-Koniszewski
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg/Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I³), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jens Schreiber
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg/Medical Faculty, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I³), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
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60
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Panchatcharam BS, Cooksley CM, Ramezanpour M, Vediappan RS, Bassiouni A, Wormald PJ, Psaltis AJ, Vreugde S. Staphylococcus aureus
biofilm exoproteins are cytotoxic to human nasal epithelial barrier in chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2020; 10:871-883. [DOI: 10.1002/alr.22566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beula Subashini Panchatcharam
- Department of Surgery‒Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Clare M. Cooksley
- Department of Surgery‒Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Mahnaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Surgery‒Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Rajan Sundaresan Vediappan
- Department of Surgery‒Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Ahmed Bassiouni
- Department of Surgery‒Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Peter J. Wormald
- Department of Surgery‒Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Alkis J. Psaltis
- Department of Surgery‒Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery‒Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryThe Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
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Gevaert P, Omachi TA, Corren J, Mullol J, Han J, Lee SE, Kaufman D, Ligueros-Saylan M, Howard M, Zhu R, Owen R, Wong K, Islam L, Bachert C. Efficacy and safety of omalizumab in nasal polyposis: 2 randomized phase 3 trials. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:595-605. [PMID: 32524991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by IgE hyperproduction and eosinophilic inflammation. The anti-IgE antibody, omalizumab, has demonstrated efficacy in patients with CRSwNP and comorbid asthma previously. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to determine omalizumab safety and efficacy in CRSwNP in phase 3 trials (POLYP 1 and POLYP 2). METHODS Adults with CRSwNP with inadequate response to intranasal corticosteroids were randomized (1:1) to omalizumab or placebo and intranasal mometasone for 24 weeks. Coprimary end points included change from baseline to week 24 in Nasal Polyp Score (NPS) and Nasal Congestion Score. Secondary end points included change from baseline to week 24 in Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) score, University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, sense of smell, postnasal drip, runny nose, and adverse events. RESULTS Patients in POLYP 1 (n = 138) and POLYP 2 (n = 127) exhibited severe CRSwNP and substantial quality of life impairment evidenced by a mean NPS higher than 6 and SNOT-22 score of approximately 60. Both studies met both the coprimary end points. SNOT-22 score, University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test score, sense of smell, postnasal drip, and runny nose were also significantly improved for omalizumab versus placebo. In POLYP 1 and POLYP 2, the mean changes from baseline at week 24 for omalizumab versus placebo were as follows: NPS, -1.08 versus 0.06 (P < .0001) and -0.90 versus -0.31 (P = .0140); Nasal Congestion Score, -0.89 versus -0.35 (P = .0004) and -0.70 versus -0.20 (P = .0017); and SNOT-22 score, -24.7 versus -8.6 (P < .0001) and -21.6 versus -6.6 (P < .0001). Adverse events were similar between groups. CONCLUSION Omalizumab significantly improved endoscopic, clinical, and patient-reported outcomes in severe CRSwNP with inadequate response to intranasal corticosteroids, and it was well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Gevaert
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Jonathan Corren
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERES, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joseph Han
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Va
| | - Stella E Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | | | | | | | - Rui Zhu
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, Calif
| | - Ryan Owen
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, Calif
| | - Kit Wong
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, Calif
| | | | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Division of ENT Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kumari A, Singh R. Medically important interactions of staphylococci with pathogenic fungi. Future Microbiol 2020; 14:1159-1170. [PMID: 31512519 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci are common inhabitants at several human body sites and are also implicated in infections either as primary or opportunistic pathogens. These bacteria can thus both contribute to the host defense being a part of the commensalistic microbiota or synergize with the other microbes during the infection process. Among fungi, staphylococci interact synergistically with Candida spp. and Aspergillus fumigatus, and antagonistically with Cryptococcus neoformans and Trichosporon asahii. These interactions are highly dynamic and are orchestrated by a multitude of microbial and host factors. During such cross-talks, staphylococci can modulate the virulence, immune response or drug resistance of the coexisting microbe(s), thereby influencing the infection course, disease severity, treatment strategy and the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjna Kumari
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rachna Singh
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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