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Cofano F, Boido M, Monticelli M, Zenga F, Ducati A, Vercelli A, Garbossa D. Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury: Current Options, Limitations, and Future of Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112698. [PMID: 31159345 PMCID: PMC6600381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) constitutes an inestimable public health issue. The most crucial phase in the pathophysiological process of SCI concerns the well-known secondary injury, which is the uncontrolled and destructive cascade occurring later with aberrant molecular signaling, inflammation, vascular changes, and secondary cellular dysfunctions. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represents one of the most important and promising tested strategies. Their appeal, among the other sources and types of stem cells, increased because of their ease of isolation/preservation and their properties. Nevertheless, encouraging promise from preclinical studies was followed by weak and conflicting results in clinical trials. In this review, the therapeutic role of MSCs is discussed, together with their properties, application, limitations, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Cofano
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Marina Boido
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neuroscience Institute "Cavalieri Ottolenghi", University of Turin, Consorzio Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.
| | - Matteo Monticelli
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Francesco Zenga
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Ducati
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Vercelli
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neuroscience Institute "Cavalieri Ottolenghi", University of Turin, Consorzio Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.
| | - Diego Garbossa
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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52
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Baez-Jurado E, Hidalgo-Lanussa O, Barrera-Bailón B, Sahebkar A, Ashraf GM, Echeverria V, Barreto GE. Secretome of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Its Potential Protective Effects on Brain Pathologies. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6902-6927. [PMID: 30941733 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1570-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a fundamental role in the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues. There is strong evidence showing that much of the beneficial effects of these cells are due to the secretion of bioactive molecules-besides microRNAs, hormones, and neurotrophins-with anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, angiogenic, and trophic effects. These factors have been reported by many studies to possess protective effects on the nervous tissue. Although the beneficial effects of the secretory factors of MSCs have been suggested for various neurological diseases, their actions on astrocytic cells are not well understood. Hence, it is important to recognize the specific effects of MSCs derived from adipose tissue, in addition to the differences presented by the secretome, depending on the source and methods of analysis. In this paper, the different sources of MSCs and their main characteristics are described, as well as the most significant advances in regeneration and protection provided by the secretome of MSCs. Also, we discuss the possible neuroprotective mechanisms of action of the MSC-derived biomolecules, with special emphasis on the effect of MSCs derived from adipose tissue and their impact on glial cells and brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Baez-Jurado
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Oscar Hidalgo-Lanussa
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Biviana Barrera-Bailón
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastian, Lientur 1457, 4080871, Concepción, Chile.,Research & Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, 33744, USA
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.
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53
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Studying Heterotypic Cell⁻Cell Interactions in the Human Brain Using Pluripotent Stem Cell Models for Neurodegeneration. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040299. [PMID: 30939814 PMCID: PMC6523455 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cerebral organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide novel tools for recapitulating the cytoarchitecture of the human brain and for studying biological mechanisms of neurological disorders. However, the heterotypic interactions of neurovascular units, composed of neurons, pericytes (i.e., the tissue resident mesenchymal stromal cells), astrocytes, and brain microvascular endothelial cells, in brain-like tissues are less investigated. In addition, most cortical organoids lack a microglia component, the resident immune cells in the brain. Impairment of the blood-brain barrier caused by improper crosstalk between neural cells and vascular cells is associated with many neurodegenerative disorders. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with a phenotype overlapping with pericytes, have promotion effects on neurogenesis and angiogenesis, which are mainly attributed to secreted growth factors and extracellular matrices. As the innate macrophages of the central nervous system, microglia regulate neuronal activities and promote neuronal differentiation by secreting neurotrophic factors and pro-/anti-inflammatory molecules. Neuronal-microglia interactions mediated by chemokines signaling can be modulated in vitro for recapitulating microglial activities during neurodegenerative disease progression. In this review, we discussed the cellular interactions and the physiological roles of neural cells with other cell types including endothelial cells and microglia based on iPSC models. The therapeutic roles of MSCs in treating neural degeneration and pathological roles of microglia in neurodegenerative disease progression were also discussed.
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54
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Pischiutta F, Sammali E, Parolini O, Carswell HVO, Zanier ER. Placenta-Derived Cells for Acute Brain Injury. Cell Transplant 2019; 27:151-167. [PMID: 29562781 PMCID: PMC6434489 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717732992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute brain injury resulting from ischemic/hemorrhagic or traumatic damage is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide and is a significant burden to society. Neuroprotective options to counteract brain damage are very limited in stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Given the multifaceted nature of acute brain injury and damage progression, several therapeutic targets may need to be addressed simultaneously to interfere with the evolution of the injury and improve the patient’s outcome. Stem cells are ideal candidates since they act on various mechanisms of protection and repair, improving structural and functional outcomes after experimental stroke or TBI. Stem cells isolated from placenta offer advantages due to their early embryonic origin, ease of procurement, and ethical acceptance. We analyzed the evidence for the beneficial effects of placenta-derived stem cells in acute brain injury, with the focus on experimental studies of TBI and stroke, the engineering strategies pursued to foster cell potential, and characterization of the bioactive molecules secreted by placental cells, known as their secretome, as an alternative cell-free strategy. Results from the clinical application of placenta-derived stem cells for acute brain injury and ongoing clinical trials are summarily discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pischiutta
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliana Sammali
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.,2 Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- 3 Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy.,4 Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Hilary V O Carswell
- 5 Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa R Zanier
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Acute Brain Injury and Therapeutic Strategies, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
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55
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Řehořová M, Vargová I, Forostyak S, Vacková I, Turnovcová K, Kupcová Skalníková H, Vodička P, Kubinová Š, Syková E, Jendelová P. A Combination of Intrathecal and Intramuscular Application of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Partly Reduces the Activation of Necroptosis in the Spinal Cord of SOD1 G93A Rats. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:535-547. [PMID: 30802001 PMCID: PMC6525562 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We compared the effect of repeated intrathecal applications of hMSC or their conditioned medium (CondM) using lumbar puncture or injection into the muscle (quadriceps femoris), or a combination of both applications in symptomatic SOD1G93A rats. We further assessed the effect of the treatment on three major cell death pathways (necroptosis, apoptosis, and autophagy) in the spinal cord tissue. All the animals were behaviorally tested (grip strength test, Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) test, and rotarod), and the tissue was analyzed immunohistochemically, by qPCR and Western blot. All symptomatic SOD1 rats treated with hMSC had a significantly increased lifespan, improved motor activity and reduced number of Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells. Moreover, a combined hMSC delivery increased motor neuron survival, maintained neuromuscular junctions in quadriceps femoris and substantially reduced the levels of proteins involved in necroptosis (Rip1, mixed lineage kinase‐like protein, cl‐casp8), apoptosis (cl‐casp 9) and autophagy (beclin 1). Furthermore, astrogliosis and elevated levels of Connexin 43 were decreased after combined hMSC treatment. The repeated application of CondM, or intramuscular injections alone, improved motor activity; however, this improvement was not supported by changes at the molecular level. Our results provide new evidence that a combination of repeated intrathecal and intramuscular hMSC applications protects motor neurons and neuromuscular junctions, not only through a reduction of apoptosis and autophagy but also through the necroptosis pathway, which is significantly involved in cell death in rodent SOD1G93A model of ALS. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:535–547
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Řehořová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ingrid Vargová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Serhiy Forostyak
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic.,Prime Cell Advanced Therapy A.S., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Vacková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Turnovcová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Petr Vodička
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Kubinová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Syková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavla Jendelová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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56
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells-derived Exosomes: A New Possible Therapeutic Strategy for Parkinson's Disease? Cells 2019; 8:cells8020118. [PMID: 30717429 PMCID: PMC6406999 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Clinically, it is characterized by severe motor complications caused by a progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DAn) and dopamine loss. Current treatment is focused on mitigating the symptoms through administration of levodopa, rather than on preventing DAn damage. Therefore, the use and development of neuroprotective/disease-modifying strategies is an absolute need, which can lead to promising gains on PD translational research. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)–derived exosomes have been proposed as a promising therapeutic tool, since it has been demonstrated that they can act as biological nanoparticles with beneficial effects in different pathological conditions, including PD. Thus, considering their potential protective action in lesioned sites, MSCs-derived exosomes might also be active modulators of the neuroregeneration processes, opening a door for their future use as therapeutical strategies in human clinical trials. Therefore, in this review, we analyze the current understanding of MSCs-derived exosomes as a new possible therapeutic strategy for PD, by providing an overview about the potential role of miRNAs in the cellular and molecular basis of PD.
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57
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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor modified human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-derived cholinergic-like neurons improve spatial learning and memory ability in Alzheimer's disease rats. Brain Res 2018; 1710:61-73. [PMID: 30586546 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease and the most common type of dementia. Although it is still incurable, stem cell replacement therapy provides new hope for AD. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) have multiple differentiation potentials, which can differentiate into cholinergic-like neurons and promote the release of acetylcholine. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can also promote neurogenesis and synaptic formation, reduce oxidative stress and cell death. Therefore, we investigated the therapeutic effects of BDNF modified hUC-MSCs-derived cholinergic-like neurons in AD rats in this study. To make AD models, 1 μl beta amyloid (Aβ)1-42 was injected into the right hippocampus of the rats. After two weeks, the hUC-MSCs-derived cholinergic-like neurons null cells or overexpressing BDNF cells delivered by lentiviralvectors were slowly injected into the right hippocampus of the AD rats. After 8 weeks of transplantation, Morris water maze test, Western blotting, Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence assay and TdT mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) detection were performed. Transplantation of BDNF modified hUC-MSCs-derived cholinergic-like neurons significantly improved spatial learning and memory abilities in the AD rats, increased the release of acetylcholine and ChAT expression in the hippocampus, enhanced the activation of astrocytes and microglia, reduced the expression of Aβ and recombinant human beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme1 (BACE1), inhibited neuronal apoptosis, and promoted neurogenesis. Our results demonstrate that BDNF modified hUC-MSCs-derived cholinergic-like neurons might be a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.
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58
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Duru LN, Quan Z, Qazi TJ, Qing H. Stem cells technology: a powerful tool behind new brain treatments. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:1564-1591. [PMID: 29916013 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell research has recently become a hot research topic in biomedical research due to the foreseen unlimited potential of stem cells in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. For many years, medicine has been facing intense challenges, such as an insufficient number of organ donations that is preventing clinicians to fulfill the increasing needs. To try and overcome this regrettable matter, research has been aiming at developing strategies to facilitate the in vitro culture and study of stem cells as a tool for tissue regeneration. Meanwhile, new developments in the microfluidics technology brought forward emerging cell culture applications that are currently allowing for a better chemical and physical control of cellular microenvironment. This review presents the latest developments in stem cell research that brought new therapies to the clinics and how the convergence of the microfluidics technology with stem cell research can have positive outcomes on the fields of regenerative medicine and high-throughput screening. These advances will bring new translational solutions for drug discovery and will upgrade in vitro cell culture to a new level of accuracy and performance. We hope this review will provide new insights into the understanding of new brain treatments from the perspective of stem cell technology especially regarding regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucienne N Duru
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Quan
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Talal Jamil Qazi
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Qing
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Separation and Analysis in Biomedical and Pharmaceuticals, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
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59
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Ferreira JR, Teixeira GQ, Santos SG, Barbosa MA, Almeida-Porada G, Gonçalves RM. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome: Influencing Therapeutic Potential by Cellular Pre-conditioning. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2837. [PMID: 30564236 PMCID: PMC6288292 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are self-renewing, culture-expandable adult stem cells that have been isolated from a variety of tissues, and possess multipotent differentiation capacity, immunomodulatory properties, and are relatively non-immunogenic. Due to this unique set of characteristics, these cells have attracted great interest in the field of regenerative medicine and have been shown to possess pronounced therapeutic potential in many different pathologies. MSCs' mode of action involves a strong paracrine component resulting from the high levels of bioactive molecules they secrete in response to the local microenvironment. For this reason, MSCs' secretome is currently being explored in several clinical contexts, either using MSC-conditioned media (CM) or purified MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) to modulate tissue response to a wide array of injuries. Rather than being a constant mixture of molecular factors, MSCs' secretome is known to be dependent on the diverse stimuli present in the microenvironment that MSCs encounter. As such, the composition of the MSCs' secretome can be modulated by preconditioning the MSCs during in vitro culture. This manuscript reviews the existent literature on how preconditioning of MSCs affects the therapeutic potential of their secretome, focusing on MSCs' immunomodulatory and regenerative features, thereby providing new insights for the therapeutic use of MSCs' secretome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana R Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Graciosa Q Teixeira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana G Santos
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário A Barbosa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Graça Almeida-Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Raquel M Gonçalves
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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60
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Relaño-Ginés A, Lehmann S, Crozet C. Cell-based therapy against prion diseases. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 44:8-14. [PMID: 30472550 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite multiple efforts to find treatments, prion diseases are still incurable. The currently available therapeutic strategies are mostly based on compounds to inhibit pathological PrP (PrPSc) accumulation, and cellular PrP (PrPC) conversion into PrPSc. However, they cannot reverse the pathological changes already present in the brain. Cell-based therapeutic strategies could promote the repair of the pre-existing brain damage. The few available data come mostly from preclinical studies using neural stem cells, bone marrow-derived microglia and mesenchymal stem cells, as cell sources. Moreover, the benefits of cell-based therapeutic strategies could be linked not only to the replacement of damaged cells, but also to the secretion of trophic factors by the grafted cells that might modulate inflammation, cell death, or endogenous neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroa Relaño-Ginés
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies (IRMB), Neural Stem Cell, MSC and Neurodegenerative Diseases - U1183 INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, 163 rue Auguste Broussonet, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies (IRMB), Neural Stem Cell, MSC and Neurodegenerative Diseases - U1183 INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, 163 rue Auguste Broussonet, 34090 Montpellier, France; Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Montpellier, 191 Av. du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Carole Crozet
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies (IRMB), Neural Stem Cell, MSC and Neurodegenerative Diseases - U1183 INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), 80 rue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France.
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61
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Marques CR, Marote A, Mendes-Pinheiro B, Teixeira FG, Salgado AJ. Cell secretome based approaches in Parkinson’s disease regenerative medicine. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:1235-1245. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1546840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia R. Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Marote
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Mendes-Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fábio G. Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António J. Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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62
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Influence of passage number on the impact of the secretome of adipose tissue stem cells on neural survival, neurodifferentiation and axonal growth. Biochimie 2018; 155:119-128. [PMID: 30342112 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and within them adipose tissue derived stem cells (ASCs), have been shown to have therapeutic effects on central nervous system (CNS) cell populations. Such effects have been mostly attributed to soluble factors, as well as vesicles, present in their secretome. Yet, little is known about the impact that MSC passaging might have in the secretion therapeutic profile. Our aim was to show how human ASCs (hASCs) passage number influences the effect of their secretome in neuronal survival, differentiation and axonal growth. For this purpose, post-natal rat hippocampal primary cultures, human neural progenitor cell (hNPCs) cultures and dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) explants were incubated with secretome, collected as conditioned media (CM), obtained from hASCs in P3, P6, P9 and P12. Results showed no differences when comparing percentages of MAP-2 positive cells (a mature neuronal marker) in neuronal cultures or hNPCs, after incubation with hASCs secretome from different passages. The same was observed regarding DRG neurite outgrowth. In order to characterize the secretomes obtained from different passages, a proteomic analysis was performed, revealing that its composition did not vary significantly with passage number P3 to P12. Results allowed us to identify several key proteins, such as pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF), DJ-1, interleucin-6 (IL-6) and galectin, all of which have already proven to play neuroprotective and neurodifferentiating roles. Proteins that promote neurite outgrowth were also found present, such as semaphorin 7A and glypican-1. We conclude that cellular passaging does not influence significantly hASCs's secretome properties especially their ability to support post-natal neuronal survival, induce neurodifferentiation and promote axonal growth.
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63
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Wu KJ, Yu SJ, Chiang CW, Lee YW, Yen BL, Hsu CS, Kuo LW, Wang Y. Wharton' jelly mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for ischemic brain injury. Brain Circ 2018; 4:124-127. [PMID: 30450419 PMCID: PMC6187942 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_16_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence have supported that Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cell (WJ-MSCs) have immunomodulatory and protective effects against several diseases including kidney, liver pathologies, and heart injury. Few in vitro studies have reported that WJ-MSCs reduced inflammation in hippocampal slices after oxygen–glucose deprivation. We recently reported the neuroprotective effects of human WJ-MSCs (hWJ-MSCs) in rats exposed to a transient right middle cerebral artery occlusion. hWJ-MSCs transplantation significantly reduced brain infarction and microglia activation in the penumbra leading with a significant reduction of neurological deficits. Interestingly, the grafted hWJ-MSCs in the ischemic core were mostly incorporated into IBA1 (+) cells, suggesting that hWJ-MSCs were immunorejected by the host. The immune rejection of hWJ-MSCs was reduced in after cyclosporine A treatment. Moreover, the glia cell line-derived neurotrophic factor expression was significantly increased in the host brain after hWJ-MSCs transplantation. In conclusion, these results suggest that the protective effect of hWJ-MSCs may be due to the secretion of trophic factors rather than to the survival of grafted cells. This paper is a review article. Referred literature in this paper has been listed in the references section. The data sets supporting the conclusions of this article are available online by searching various databases, including PubMed. Some original points in this article come from the laboratory practice in our research center and the authors’ experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Jen Wu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Seong-Jin Yu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Chiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Lee
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - B Linju Yen
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Sen Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
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Wu KJ, Yu SJ, Chiang CW, Lee YW, Yen BL, Tseng PC, Hsu CS, Kuo LW, Wang Y. Neuroprotective Action of Human Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Transplants in a Rodent Model of Stroke. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1603-1612. [PMID: 30284460 PMCID: PMC6299196 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718802754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (WJ-MSCs) have distinct immunomodulatory and protective effects against kidney, liver, or heart injury. Limited studies have shown that WJ-MSCs attenuates oxygen–glucose deprivation-mediated inflammation in hippocampal slices. The neuroprotective effect of intracerebral WJ-MSC transplantation against stroke has not been well characterized. The purpose of this study was to examine the neuroprotective effect of human WJ-MSC (hWJ-MSC) transplants in an animal model of stroke. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were anesthetized and placed in a stereotaxic frame. hWJ-MSCs, pre-labeled with chloromethyl benzamide 1,1’-dioctadecyl-3,3,3’3’- tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (CM-Dil), were transplanted to the right cerebral cortex at 10 min before a transient (60 min) right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Transplantation of hWJ-MSCs significantly reduced neurological deficits at 3 and 5 days after MCAo. hWJ-MSC transplants also significantly reduced brain infarction and microglia activation in the penumbra. Grafted cells carrying CM-Dil fluorescence were identified at the grafted site in the ischemic core; these cells were mostly incorporated into ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule (+) cells, suggesting these xenograft cells were immuno-rejected by the host. In another set of animals, hWJ-MSCs were transplanted in cyclosporine (CsA)-treated rats. hWJ-MSC transplants significantly reduced brain infarction, improved neurological function, and reduced neuroinflammation. Less phagocytosis of CM-dil-labeled grafted cells was found in the host brain after CsA treatment. Transplantation of hWJ-MSC significantly increased glia cell line-derived neurotrophic factor expression in the host brain. Taken together, our data support that intracerebral transplantation of hWJ-MSCs reduced neurodegeneration and inflammation in the stroke brain. The protective effect did not depend on the survival of grafted cells but may be indirectly mediated through the production of protective trophic factors from the transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Jen Wu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Seong-Jin Yu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Chiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, NHRI, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Lee
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, NHRI, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - B Linju Yen
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, NHRI, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chi Tseng
- Research and Development, HealthBanks Biotech Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Sen Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University
| | - Li-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, NHRI, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Miaoli, Taiwan
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Mendes-Pinheiro B, Teixeira FG, Anjo SI, Manadas B, Behie LA, Salgado AJ. Secretome of Undifferentiated Neural Progenitor Cells Induces Histological and Motor Improvements in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:829-838. [PMID: 30238668 PMCID: PMC6216452 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results from the death of dopamine (DA) neurons. Over recent years, differentiated or undifferentiated neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation has been widely used as a means of cell replacement therapy. However, compelling evidence has brought attention to the array of bioactive molecules produced by stem cells, defined as secretome. As described in the literature, other cell populations have a high‐neurotrophic activity, but little is known about NSCs. Moreover, the exploration of the stem cell secretome is only in its initial stages, particularly as applied to neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, we have characterized the secretome of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) through proteomic analysis and investigated its effects in a 6‐hydroxidopamine (6‐OHDA) rat model of PD in comparison with undifferentiated hNPCs transplantation. Results revealed that the injection of hNPCs secretome potentiated the histological recovery of DA neurons when compared to the untreated group 6‐OHDA and those transplanted with cells (hNPCs), thereby supporting the functional motor amelioration of 6‐OHDA PD animals. Additionally, hNPCs secretome proteomic characterization has revealed that these cells have the capacity to secrete a wide range of important molecules with neuroregulatory actions, which are most likely support the effects observed. Overall, we have concluded that the use of hNPCs secretome partially modulate DA neurons cell survival and ameliorate PD animals’ motor deficits, disclosing improved results when compared to cell transplantation approaches, indicating that the secretome itself could represent a route for new therapeutic options for PD regenerative medicine. stem cells translational medicine2018;7:829–838
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Mendes-Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fábio G Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sandra I Anjo
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Leo A Behie
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
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Faezi M, Nasseri Maleki S, Aboutaleb N, Nikougoftar M. The membrane mesenchymal stem cell derived conditioned medium exerts neuroprotection against focal cerebral ischemia by targeting apoptosis. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 94:21-31. [PMID: 30121327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mesenchymal stem cells derived from human amniotic membrane have the ability to secrete and release some factors that can promote the repair of damaged tissues. This secretome contains proteins and factors that reduce apoptosis and increase angiogenesis in the ischemia/reperfusion models. The present study was conducted to determine whether this secretome provides protection against transient focal cerebral ischemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rat model of focal cerebral ischemia was established through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 60 min and 24 h reperfusion. The amniotic mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned medium (AMSC-CM) at the dose of 0.5 μl was injected intracerebroventriculary (ICV) 30 min after reperfusion. Infarct volume, brain edema, neurobehavioral functions, and blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity were assessed 24 h after reperfusion. Neuronal loss and expression of caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 in motor cortex were evaluated by nissl staining and immunohistochemistry assay respectively. RESULTS ICV administration of AMSC-CM markedly reduced infarct volume, brain edema and the evans blue penetration rate compared with MCAO group (P < 0.05). Additionally, post-treatment with AMSC-CM significantly reduced neuronal loss, neurological motor disorders and expression of caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 in motor cortex compared with MCAO group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that treatment with AMSC-CM improves the pathological effects in the acute phase of cerebral ischemia. These findings establish a substantial foundation for stroke therapy and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Faezi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Nasseri Maleki
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Aboutaleb
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahin Nikougoftar
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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Hosseini SA, Mohammadi R, Noruzi S, Mohamadi Y, Azizian M, Mousavy SM, Ghasemi F, Hesari A, Sahebkar A, Salarinia R, Aghdam AM, Mirzaei H. Stem cell- and gene-based therapies as potential candidates in Alzheimer's therapy. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8723-8736. [PMID: 30074262 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which is associated with impairments of memory, thinking, language, and reasoning. Despite extensive research aiming at the treatment of AD, durable and complete remissions are rare. Hence, new therapeutic approaches are required. Among various therapeutic approaches, stem cells (ie, neural stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and embryonic stem cells) and delivery of protective genes such as encoding nerve growth factor, APOE, and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor have generated promise in AD therapy. Here, we summarized a variety of effective therapeutic approaches (ie, stem cells, and genes) in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyede Atefe Hosseini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Rezvan Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Somaye Noruzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Yousef Mohamadi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of medicine, Tehran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mitra Azizian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mojta Mousavy
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghasemi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - AmirReza Hesari
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Salarinia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Arad Mobasher Aghdam
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering and Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Assunção-Silva RC, Mendes-Pinheiro B, Patrício P, Behie LA, Teixeira FG, Pinto L, Salgado AJ. Exploiting the impact of the secretome of MSCs isolated from different tissue sources on neuronal differentiation and axonal growth. Biochimie 2018; 155:83-91. [PMID: 30077816 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell transplantation using Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) secretome have recently been presented as a possible free-based therapy for CNS related disorders. MSC secretome is rich in several bio-factors that act synergically towards the repair of damaged tissues, thus making it an ideal candidate for regenerative applications. Great effort is currently being made to map the molecules that compose the MSC secretome. Previous proteomic characterization of the secretome (in the form of conditioned media - CM) of MSCs derived from adipose tissue (ASC), bone-marrow (BMSC) and umbilical cord (HUCPVC) was performed by our group, where proteins relevant for neuroprotection, neurogenic, neurodifferentiation, axon guidance and growth functions were identified. Moreover, we have found significant differences among the expression of several molecules, which may indicate that their therapeutic outcome might be distinct. Having this in mind, in the present study, the neuroregulatory potential of ASC, BMSC and HUCPVC CM in promoting neurodifferentiation and axonal outgrowth was tested in vitro, using human telencephalon neuroprogenitor cells and dorsal root ganglion explants, respectively. The CM from the three MSC populations induced neuronal differentiation from human neural progenitor cells, as well as neurite outgrowth from dorsal root ganglion explants. Moreover, all the MSC populations promoted the same extent of neurodifferentiation, while ASC CM demonstrated higher potential in promoting axonal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Catarina Assunção-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4701-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; BnML, Behavioral and Molecular Lab, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Bárbara Mendes-Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4701-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Patrício
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4701-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; BnML, Behavioral and Molecular Lab, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Leo A Behie
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fábio Gabriel Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4701-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Luísa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4701-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; BnML, Behavioral and Molecular Lab, Braga, Portugal.
| | - António José Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4701-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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Grochowski C, Radzikowska E, Maciejewski R. Neural stem cell therapy-Brief review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2018; 173:8-14. [PMID: 30053745 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adult mammalian neural stem cells are unique because of their properties, such as differentiation capacity, self-renewal, quiescence, and also because they exist in specific niches, which are the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ) - the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. SVZ is situated along the ependymal cell layer, dividing the ventricular area and subventricular zone. There are several sources of neural stem cells such as human embryonic stem cells, human fetal brain-derived neural stem/progenitor cells, human induced pluripotent stem cells, direct reprogrammed astrocytes. Stem cell sciences are a promising tool for research purposes as well as therapy. Induced pluripotent stem cells appear to be very useful for human neuron studies, allowing the creation of defined neuron populations, particularly for neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases as well as ischemic events. Neural stem cell sciences have a promising future in terms of stem cell therapy as well as research. There is, however, still a great need for further research to overcome obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Grochowski
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Doktora Kazimierza Jaczewskiego 4, 20-400, Lublin, Poland; Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery in Lublin, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Radzikowska
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital of the MSWiA in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Doktora Kazimierza Jaczewskiego 4, 20-400, Lublin, Poland
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Park BN, Lim TS, Yoon JK, An YS. In vivo tracking of intravenously injected mesenchymal stem cells in an Alzheimer's animal model. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1203-1209. [PMID: 30008224 PMCID: PMC6434469 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718788067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate how intravenously injected bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are distributed in the body of an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) animal model. Methods: Stem cells were collected from bone marrow of mice and labeled with Indium-111 (111In). The 111In-labeled BMSCs were infused intravenously into 3×Tg-AD mice in the AD group and non-transgenic mice (B6129SF2/J) as controls. Biodistribution was evaluated with a gamma counter and gamma camera 24 and 48 h after injecting the stem cells. Results: A gamma count of the brain showed a higher distribution of labeled cells in the AD model than in the control group at 24 (p = .0004) and 48 h (p = .0016) after injection of the BMSCs. Similar results were observed by gamma camera imaging (i.e., brain uptake in the AD model was significantly higher than that in the control group). Among the other organs, uptake by the spleen was the highest in both groups. More BMSCs were found in the lungs of the control group than in those of the AD group. Conclusions: These results suggest that more intravenously infused BMSCs reached the brain in the AD model than in the control group, but the numbers of stem cells reaching the brain was very small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bok-Nam Park
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Suwon, Korea
| | - Tae Sung Lim
- 2 Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Joon-Kee Yoon
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young-Sil An
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Suwon, Korea
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Cizkova D, Cubinkova V, Smolek T, Murgoci AN, Danko J, Vdoviakova K, Humenik F, Cizek M, Quanico J, Fournier I, Salzet M. Localized Intrathecal Delivery of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Conditioned Medium Improves Functional Recovery in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030870. [PMID: 29543759 PMCID: PMC5877731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It was recently shown that the conditioned medium (CM) of mesenchymal stem cells can enhance viability of neural and glial cell populations. In the present study, we have investigated a cell-free approach via CM from rat bone marrow stromal cells (MScCM) applied intrathecally (IT) for spinal cord injury (SCI) recovery in adult rats. Functional in vitro test on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) primary cultures confirmed biological properties of collected MScCM for production of neurosphere-like structures and axon outgrowth. Afterwards, rats underwent SCI and were treated with IT delivery of MScCM or vehicle at postsurgical Days 1, 5, 9, and 13, and left to survive 10 weeks. Rats that received MScCM showed significantly higher motor function recovery, increase in spared spinal cord tissue, enhanced GAP-43 expression and attenuated inflammation in comparison with vehicle-treated rats. Spared tissue around the lesion site was infiltrated with GAP-43-labeled axons at four weeks that gradually decreased at 10 weeks. Finally, a cytokine array performed on spinal cord extracts after MScCM treatment revealed decreased levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNFα when compared to vehicle group. In conclusion, our results suggest that molecular cocktail found in MScCM is favorable for final neuroregeneration after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasa Cizkova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
- Université de Lille, Inserm, U-1192-Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Veronika Cubinkova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Tomas Smolek
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Adriana-Natalia Murgoci
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
- Université de Lille, Inserm, U-1192-Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Jan Danko
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Katarina Vdoviakova
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Filip Humenik
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Milan Cizek
- Department of Epizootology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Jusal Quanico
- Université de Lille, Inserm, U-1192-Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Isabelle Fournier
- Université de Lille, Inserm, U-1192-Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Michel Salzet
- Université de Lille, Inserm, U-1192-Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Kwak KA, Lee SP, Yang JY, Park YS. Current Perspectives regarding Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:6392986. [PMID: 29686714 PMCID: PMC5852851 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6392986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder featuring memory loss and cognitive impairment, is caused by synaptic failure and the excessive accumulation of misfolded proteins. Many unsuccessful attempts have been made to develop new small molecules or antibodies to intervene in the disease's pathogenesis. Stem cell-based therapies cast a new hope for AD treatment as a replacement or regeneration strategy. The results from recent preclinical studies regarding stem cell-based therapies are promising. Human clinical trials are now underway. However, a number of questions remain to be answered prior to safe and effective clinical translation. This review explores the pathophysiology of AD and summarizes the relevant stem cell research according to cell type. We also briefly summarize related clinical trials. Finally, future perspectives are discussed with regard to their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Ah Kwak
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Pyo Lee
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Yang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Daejeon Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seok Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Song L, Tsai AC, Yuan X, Bejoy J, Sart S, Ma T, Li Y. Neural Differentiation of Spheroids Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-Mesenchymal Stem Cells Coculture. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:915-929. [PMID: 29160172 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids, the condensed three-dimensional (3D) tissues emerged at the early stage of organogenesis, are a promising approach to regenerate functional and vascularized organ mimics. While incorporation of heterotypic cell types, such as human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)-derived neural progenitors aid neural organ development, the interactions of secreted factors during neurogenesis have not been well understood. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of the composition and structure of 3D hybrid spheroids of hiPSCs and hMSCs on dorsal cortical differentiation and the secretion of extracellular matrices and trophic factors in vitro. The hybrid spheroids were formed at different hiPSC:hMSC ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100) using direct mixing or pre-hiPSC aggregation method, which generated dynamic spheroid structure. The cellular organization, proliferation, neural marker expression, and the secretion of extracellular matrix proteins and the cytokines were characterized. The incorporation of MSCs upregulated Nestin and β-tubulin III expression (the dorsal cortical identity was shown by Pax6 and TBR1 expression), matrix remodeling proteins, and the secretion of transforming growth factor-β1 and prostaglandin E2. This study indicates that the appropriate composition and structure of hiPSC-MSC spheroids promote neural differentiation and trophic factor and matrix secretion due to the heterotypic cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Song
- 1 Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University; Tallahassee , Florida
| | - Ang-Chen Tsai
- 1 Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University; Tallahassee , Florida
| | - Xuegang Yuan
- 1 Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University; Tallahassee , Florida
| | - Julie Bejoy
- 1 Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University; Tallahassee , Florida
| | - Sébastien Sart
- 2 Hydrodynamics Laboratory (LadHyX) , Department of Mechanics, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7646, Palaiseau, France
| | - Teng Ma
- 1 Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University; Tallahassee , Florida
| | - Yan Li
- 1 Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University; Tallahassee , Florida
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Haque N, Abdullah BJJ, Kasim NHA. Secretome: Pharmaceuticals for Cell-Free Regenerative Therapy. STEM CELL DRUGS - A NEW GENERATION OF BIOPHARMACEUTICALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-99328-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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75
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Vieira de Castro J, Gomes ED, Granja S, Anjo SI, Baltazar F, Manadas B, Salgado AJ, Costa BM. Impact of mesenchymal stem cells' secretome on glioblastoma pathophysiology. J Transl Med 2017; 15:200. [PMID: 28969635 PMCID: PMC5625623 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive primary brain cancer, for which curative therapies are not available. An emerging therapeutic approach suggested to have potential to target malignant gliomas has been based on the use of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), either unmodified or engineered to deliver anticancer therapeutic agents, as these cells present an intrinsic capacity to migrate towards malignant tumors. Nevertheless, it is still controversial whether this innate tropism of MSCs towards the tumor area is associated with cancer promotion or suppression. Considering that one of the major mechanisms by which MSCs interact with and modulate tumor cells is via secreted factors, we studied how the secretome of MSCs modulates critical hallmark features of GBM cells. Methods The effect of conditioned media (CM) from human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs, a MSC population present in the Wharton’s jelly of the umbilical cord) on GBM cell viability, migration, proliferation and sensitivity to temozolomide treatment of U251 and SNB-19 GBM cells was evaluated. The in vivo chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay was used to evaluate the effect of HUCPVCs CM on tumor growth and angiogenesis. The secretome of HUCPVCs was characterized by proteomic analyses. Results We found that both tested GBM cell lines exposed to HUCPVCs CM presented significantly higher cellular viability, proliferation and migration. In contrast, resistance of GBM cells to temozolomide chemotherapy was not significantly affected by HUCPVCs CM. In the in vivo CAM assay, CM from HUCPVCs promoted U251 and SNB-19 tumor cells growth. Proteomic analysis to characterize the secretome of HUCPVCs identified several proteins involved in promotion of cell survival, proliferation and migration, revealing novel putative molecular mediators for the effects observed in GBM cells exposed to HUCPVCs CM. Conclusions These findings provide novel insights to better understand the interplay between GBM cells and MSCs, raising awareness to potential safety issues regarding the use of MSCs as stem-cell based therapies for GBM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1303-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Vieira de Castro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Eduardo D Gomes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sara Granja
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sandra I Anjo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno M Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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76
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Manufacturing of Human Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapeutics for Clinical Use. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061190. [PMID: 28587212 PMCID: PMC5486013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from stem and progenitor cells may have therapeutic effects comparable to their parental cells and are considered promising agents for the treatment of a variety of diseases. To this end, strategies must be designed to successfully translate EV research and to develop safe and efficacious therapies, whilst taking into account the applicable regulations. Here, we discuss the requirements for manufacturing, safety, and efficacy testing of EVs along their path from the laboratory to the patient. Development of EV-therapeutics is influenced by the source cell types and the target diseases. In this article, we express our view based on our experience in manufacturing biological therapeutics for routine use or clinical testing, and focus on strategies for advancing mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived EV-based therapies. We also discuss the rationale for testing MSC-EVs in selected diseases with an unmet clinical need such as critical size bone defects, epidermolysis bullosa and spinal cord injury. While the scientific community, pharmaceutical companies and clinicians are at the point of entering into clinical trials for testing the therapeutic potential of various EV-based products, the identification of the mode of action underlying the suggested potency in each therapeutic approach remains a major challenge to the translational path.
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Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents arguably the most significant social, economic, and medical crisis of our time. Characterized by progressive neurodegenerative pathology, AD is first and foremost a condition of neuronal and synaptic loss. Repopulation and regeneration of depleted neuronal circuitry by exogenous stem cells is therefore a rational therapeutic strategy. This review will focus on recent advances in stem cell therapies utilizing animal models of AD, as well as detailing the human clinical trials of stem cell therapies for AD that are currently undergoing development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Duncan
- Regenerative Neuroscience Group, Brain and Mind Centre & Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Michael Valenzuela
- Regenerative Neuroscience Group, Brain and Mind Centre & Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.
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Sandvig I, Gadjanski I, Vlaski-Lafarge M, Buzanska L, Loncaric D, Sarnowska A, Rodriguez L, Sandvig A, Ivanovic Z. Strategies to Enhance Implantation and Survival of Stem Cells After Their Injection in Ischemic Neural Tissue. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:554-565. [PMID: 28103744 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
High post-transplantation cell mortality is the main limitation of various approaches that are aimed at improving regeneration of injured neural tissue by an injection of neural stem cells (NSCs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MStroCs) in and/or around the lesion. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to identify efficient ways to increase cell transplant viability. We have previously proposed the "evolutionary stem cell paradigm," which explains the association between stem cell anaerobic/microaerophilic metabolic set-up and stem cell self-renewal and inhibition of differentiation. Applying these principles, we have identified the main critical point in the collection and preparation of these cells for experimental therapy: exposure of the cells to atmospheric O2, that is, to oxygen concentrations that are several times higher than the physiologically relevant ones. In this way, the primitive anaerobic cells become either inactivated or adapted, through commitment and differentiation, to highly aerobic conditions (20%-21% O2 in atmospheric air). This inadvertently compromises the cells' survival once they are transplanted into normal tissue, especially in the hypoxic/anoxic/ischemic environment, which is typical of central nervous system (CNS) lesions. In addition to the findings suggesting that stem cells can shift to glycolysis and can proliferate in anoxia, recent studies also propose that stem cells may be able to proliferate in completely anaerobic or ischemic conditions by relying on anaerobic mitochondrial respiration. In this systematic review, we propose strategies to enhance the survival of NSCs and MStroCs that are implanted in hypoxic/ischemic neural tissue by harnessing their anaerobic nature and maintaining as well as enhancing their anaerobic properties via appropriate ex vivo conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Sandvig
- 1 Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ivana Gadjanski
- 2 Innovation Center, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade , Belgrade, Serbia .,3 Belgrade Metropolitan University , Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Vlaski-Lafarge
- 4 French Blood Institute (EFS) , Aquitaine-Limousin Branch, Bordeaux, France .,5 U1035 INSERM/Bordeaux University , Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Leonora Buzanska
- 6 Stem Cell Bioengineering Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Darija Loncaric
- 4 French Blood Institute (EFS) , Aquitaine-Limousin Branch, Bordeaux, France .,5 U1035 INSERM/Bordeaux University , Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Ana Sarnowska
- 6 Stem Cell Bioengineering Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Laura Rodriguez
- 4 French Blood Institute (EFS) , Aquitaine-Limousin Branch, Bordeaux, France .,5 U1035 INSERM/Bordeaux University , Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Axel Sandvig
- 1 Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway .,7 Division of Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery and Clinical Neurophysiology, Umeå University Hospital , Umeå, Sweden
| | - Zoran Ivanovic
- 4 French Blood Institute (EFS) , Aquitaine-Limousin Branch, Bordeaux, France .,5 U1035 INSERM/Bordeaux University , Bordeaux Cedex, France
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Sevivas N, Teixeira FG, Portugal R, Araújo L, Carriço LF, Ferreira N, Vieira da Silva M, Espregueira-Mendes J, Anjo S, Manadas B, Sousa N, Salgado AJ. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome: A Potential Tool for the Prevention of Muscle Degenerative Changes Associated With Chronic Rotator Cuff Tears. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:179-188. [PMID: 27501832 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516657827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Massive rotator cuff tears (MRCTs) are usually chronic lesions with pronounced degenerative changes, where advanced fatty degeneration and atrophy can make the tear irreparable. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) secrete a range of growth factors and vesicular systems, known as secretome, that mediates regenerative processes in tissues undergoing degeneration. PURPOSE To study the effect of hMSC secretome on muscular degenerative changes and shoulder function on a rat MRCT model. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS A bilateral 2-tendon (supraspinatus and infraspinatus) section was performed to create an MRCT in a rat model. Forty-four Wistar-Han rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups: control group (sham surgery), lesion control group (MRCT), and 4 treated-lesion groups according to the site and periodicity of hMSC secretome injection: single local injection, multiple local injections, single systemic injection, and multiple systemic injections. Forelimb function was analyzed with the staircase test. Atrophy and fatty degeneration of the muscle were evaluated at 8 and 16 weeks after injury. A proteomic analysis was conducted to identify the molecules present in the hMSC secretome that can be associated with muscular degeneration prevention. RESULTS When untreated for 8 weeks, the MRCT rats exhibited a significantly higher fat content (0.73% ± 0.19%) compared with rats treated with a single local injection (0.21% ± 0.04%; P < .01) or multiple systemic injections (0.25% ± 0.10%; P < .05) of hMSC secretome. At 16 weeks after injury, a protective effect of the secretome in the multiple systemic injections (0.62% ± 0.14%; P < .001), single local injection (0.76% ± 0.17%; P < .001), and multiple local injections (1.35% ± 0.21%; P < .05) was observed when compared with the untreated MRCT group (2.51% ± 0.42%). Regarding muscle atrophy, 8 weeks after injury, only the single local injection group (0.0993% ± 0.0036%) presented a significantly higher muscle mass than that of the untreated MRCT group (0.0794% ± 0.0047%; P < .05). Finally, the proteomic analysis revealed the presence of important proteins with muscle regeneration, namely, pigment epithelium-derived factor and follistatin. CONCLUSION The study data suggest that hMSC secretome effectively decreases the fatty degeneration and atrophy of the rotator cuff muscles. CLINICAL RELEVANCE We describe a new approach for decreasing the characteristic muscle degeneration associated with chronic rotator cuff tears. This strategy is particularly important for patients whose tendon healing after later surgical repair could be compromised by the progressing degenerative changes. In addition, both precise intramuscular local injection and multiple systemic secretome injections have been shown to be promising delivery forms for preventing muscle degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Sevivas
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal Orthopaedics Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Estádio do Dragão, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fábio Gabriel Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Raquel Portugal
- Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Araújo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | - Nuno Ferreira
- Orthopaedics Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Estádio do Dragão, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Vieira da Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal Orthopaedics Department, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - João Espregueira-Mendes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Estádio do Dragão, Porto, Portugal 3B's Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sandra Anjo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal Biocant-Biotechnology Innovation Center, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Mueller M, Wolfs TGA, Schoeberlein A, Gavilanes AWD, Surbek D, Kramer BW. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells-a key mediator for regeneration after perinatal morbidity? Mol Cell Pediatr 2016; 3:6. [PMID: 26869264 PMCID: PMC4751100 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-016-0034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal complications in both term- and preterm-born infants are a leading cause of neonatal morbidities and mortality. Infants face different challenges in the neonatal intensive care unit with long-term morbidities such as perinatal brain injury and bronchopulmonary dysplasia being particularly devastating. While advances in perinatal medicine have improved our understanding of the pathogenesis, effective therapies to prevent and/or reduce the severity of these disorders are still lacking. The potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) therapy has emerged during the last two decades, and an increasing effort is conducted to address brain- and lung-related morbidities in neonates at risk. Various studies support the notion that MSCs have protective effects. MSCs are an easy source and may be readily available after birth in a clinical setting. MSCs' mechanisms of action are diverse, including migration and homing, release of growth factors and immunomodulation, and the potential to replace injured cells. Here, we review the pathophysiology of perinatally acquired brain and lung injuries and focus on MSCs as potential candidates for therapeutic strategies summarizing preclinical and clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mueller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Tim G A Wolfs
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Andreina Schoeberlein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Antonio W D Gavilanes
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Biomedicine, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
- Department of Neuropsychology, Division Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Daniel Surbek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Boris W Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Neuropsychology, Division Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Teixeira FG, Carvalho MM, Panchalingam KM, Rodrigues AJ, Mendes‐Pinheiro B, Anjo S, Manadas B, Behie LA, Sousa N, Salgado AJ. Impact of the Secretome of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Brain Structure and Animal Behavior in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:634-646. [PMID: 28191785 PMCID: PMC5442797 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in the last decade strongly suggests that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐mediated therapeutic benefits are mainly due to their secretome, which has been proposed as a possible therapeutic tool for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Indeed, it has been shown that the MSC secretome increases neurogenesis and cell survival, and has numerous neuroprotective actions under different conditions. Additionally, using dynamic culturing conditions (through computer‐controlled bioreactors) can further modulate the MSC secretome, thereby generating a more potent neurotrophic factor cocktail (i.e., conditioned medium). In this study, we have characterized the MSC secretome by proteomic‐based analysis, investigating its therapeutic effects on the physiological recovery of a 6‐hydroxidopamine (6‐OHDA) PD rat model. For this purpose, we injected MSC secretome into the substantia nigra (SNc) and striatum (STR), characterizing the behavioral performance and determining histological parameters for injected animals versus untreated groups. We observed that the secretome potentiated the increase of dopaminergic neurons (i.e., tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive cells) and neuronal terminals in the SNc and STR, respectively, thereby supporting the recovery observed in the Parkinsonian rats’ motor performance outcomes (assessed by rotarod and staircase tests). Finally, proteomic characterization of the MSC secretome (through combined mass spectrometry analysis and Bioplex assays) revealed the presence of important neuroregulatory molecules, namely cystatin C, glia‐derived nexin, galectin‐1, pigment epithelium‐derived factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, interleukin‐6, and glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor. Overall, we concluded that the use of human MSC secretome alone was able to partially revert the motor phenotype and the neuronal structure of 6‐OHDA PD animals. This indicates that the human MSC secretome could represent a novel therapeutic for the treatment of PD. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:634–646
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio G. Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Miguel M. Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Krishna M. Panchalingam
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ana J. Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Mendes‐Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sandra Anjo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Biocant ‐ Biotechnology Innovation Center, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Leo A. Behie
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António J. Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Marote A, Teixeira FG, Mendes-Pinheiro B, Salgado AJ. MSCs-Derived Exosomes: Cell-Secreted Nanovesicles with Regenerative Potential. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:231. [PMID: 27536241 PMCID: PMC4971062 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane-enclosed nanovesicles (30–150 nm) that shuttle active cargoes between different cells. These tiny extracellular vesicles have been recently isolated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) conditioned medium, a population of multipotent cells identified in several adult tissues. MSCs paracrine activity has been already shown to be the key mediator of their elicited regenerative effects. On the other hand, the individual contribution of MSCs-derived exosomes for these effects is only now being unraveled. The administration of MSCs-derived exosomes has been demonstrated to restore tissue function in multiple diseases/injury models and to induce beneficial in vitro effects, mainly mediated by exosomal-enclosed miRNAs. Additionally, the source and the culture conditions of MSCs have been shown to influence the regenerative responses induced by exosomes. Therefore, these studies reveal that MSCs-derived exosomes hold a great potential for cell-free therapies that are safer and easier to manipulate than cell-based products. Nevertheless, this is an emerging research field and hence, further studies are required to understand the full dimension of this complex intercellular communication system and how it can be optimized to take full advantage of its therapeutic effects. In this mini-review, we summarize the most significant new advances in the regenerative properties of MSCs-derived exosomes and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marote
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, BragaPortugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Fábio G Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, BragaPortugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Bárbara Mendes-Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, BragaPortugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, BragaPortugal; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/GuimarãesPortugal
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83
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Villalón H, Peñaloza G, Tuma D. TERAPIA REGENERATIVA EN NEONATOLOGÍA. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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84
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Teixeira FG, Panchalingam KM, Assunção-Silva R, Serra SC, Mendes-Pinheiro B, Patrício P, Jung S, Anjo SI, Manadas B, Pinto L, Sousa N, Behie LA, Salgado AJ. Modulation of the Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome Using Computer-Controlled Bioreactors: Impact on Neuronal Cell Proliferation, Survival and Differentiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27791. [PMID: 27301770 PMCID: PMC4908397 DOI: 10.1038/srep27791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years it has been shown that the therapeutic benefits of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) in the Central Nervous System (CNS) are mainly attributed to their secretome. The implementation of computer-controlled suspension bioreactors has shown to be a viable route for the expansion of these cells to large numbers. As hMSCs actively respond to their culture environment, there is the hypothesis that one can modulate its secretome through their use. Herein, we present data indicating that the use of computer-controlled suspension bioreactors enhanced the neuroregulatory profile of hMSCs secretome. Indeed, higher levels of in vitro neuronal differentiation and NOTCH1 expression in human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) were observed when these cells were incubated with the secretome of dynamically cultured hMSCs. A similar trend was also observed in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of rat brains where, upon injection, an enhanced neuronal and astrocytic survival and differentiation, was observed. Proteomic analysis also revealed that the dynamic culturing of hMSCs increased the secretion of several neuroregulatory molecules and miRNAs present in hMSCs secretome. In summary, the appropriate use of dynamic culture conditions can represent an important asset for the development of future neuro-regenerative strategies involving the use of hMSCs secretome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio G Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Lab, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Krishna M Panchalingam
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rita Assunção-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Lab, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sofia C Serra
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Lab, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Mendes-Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Lab, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Patrício
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Lab, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sunghoon Jung
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sandra I Anjo
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal.,Biocant - Biotechnology Innovation Center, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Luísa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Lab, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Lab, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Leo A Behie
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Lab, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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85
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Therapeutic Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cell Secretome for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment: An In Vitro Study. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:8102478. [PMID: 27403169 PMCID: PMC4923581 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8102478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The secretome obtained from stem cell cultures contains an array of neurotrophic factors and cytokines that might have the potential to treat neurodegenerative conditions. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common human late onset and sporadic neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of secretome derived from dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to reduce cytotoxicity and apoptosis caused by amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide. We determined whether DPSCs can secrete the Aβ-degrading enzyme, neprilysin (NEP), and evaluated the effects of NEP expression in vitro by quantitating Aβ-degrading activity. The results showed that DPSC secretome contains higher concentrations of VEGF, Fractalkine, RANTES, MCP-1, and GM-CSF compared to those of bone marrow and adipose stem cells. Moreover, treatment with DPSC secretome significantly decreased the cytotoxicity of Aβ peptide by increasing cell viability compared to nontreated cells. In addition, DPSC secretome stimulated the endogenous survival factor Bcl-2 and decreased the apoptotic regulator Bax. Furthermore, neprilysin enzyme was detected in DPSC secretome and succeeded in degrading Aβ 1-42 in vitro in 12 hours. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that DPSCs may serve as a promising source for secretome-based treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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86
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Teixeira FG, Panchalingam KM, Anjo SI, Manadas B, Pereira R, Sousa N, Salgado AJ, Behie LA. Do hypoxia/normoxia culturing conditions change the neuroregulatory profile of Wharton Jelly mesenchymal stem cell secretome? Stem Cell Res Ther 2015. [PMID: 26204925 PMCID: PMC4533943 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of human umbilical cord Wharton Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) has been considered a new potential source for future safe applications in regenerative medicine. Indeed, the application of hWJ-MSCs into different animal models of disease, including those from the central nervous system, has shown remarkable therapeutic benefits mostly associated with their secretome. Conventionally, hWJ-MSCs are cultured and characterized under normoxic conditions (21 % oxygen tension), although the oxygen levels within tissues are typically much lower (hypoxic) than these standard culture conditions. Therefore, oxygen tension represents an important environmental factor that may affect the performance of mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. However, the impact of hypoxic conditions on distinct mesenchymal stem cell characteristics, such as the secretome, still remains unclear. Methods In the present study, we have examined the effects of normoxic (21 % O2) and hypoxic (5 % O2) conditions on the hWJ-MSC secretome. Subsequently, we address the impact of the distinct secretome in the neuronal cell survival and differentiation of human neural progenitor cells. Results The present data indicate that the hWJ-MSC secretome collected from normoxic and hypoxic conditions displayed similar effects in supporting neuronal differentiation of human neural progenitor cells in vitro. However, proteomic analysis revealed that the use of hypoxic preconditioning led to the upregulation of several proteins within the hWJ-MSC secretome. Conclusions Our results suggest that the optimization of parameters such as hypoxia may lead to the development of strategies that enhance the therapeutic effects of the secretome for future regenerative medicine studies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio G Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Krishna M Panchalingam
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Sandra Isabel Anjo
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Biocant - Biotechnology Innovation Center, Cantanhede, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Leo A Behie
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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87
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Salgado AJ, Sousa JC, Costa BM, Pires AO, Mateus-Pinheiro A, Teixeira FG, Pinto L, Sousa N. Mesenchymal stem cells secretome as a modulator of the neurogenic niche: basic insights and therapeutic opportunities. Front Cell Neurosci 2015. [PMID: 26217178 PMCID: PMC4499760 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) share few characteristics apart from self-renewal and multipotency. In fact, the neurogenic and osteogenic stem cell niches derive from two distinct embryonary structures; while the later originates from the mesoderm, as all the connective tissues do, the first derives from the ectoderm. Therefore, it is highly unlikely that stem cells isolated from one niche could form terminally differentiated cells from the other. Additionally, these two niches are associated to tissues/systems (e.g., bone and central nervous system) that have markedly different needs and display diverse functions within the human body. Nevertheless they do share common features. For instance, the differentiation of both NSCs and MSCs is intimately associated with the bone morphogenetic protein family. Moreover, both NSCs and MSCs secrete a panel of common growth factors, such as nerve growth factor (NGF), glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), among others. But it is not the features they share but the interaction between them that seem most important, and worth exploring; namely, it has already been shown that there are mutually beneficially effects when these cell types are co-cultured in vitro. In fact the use of MSCs, and their secretome, become a strong candidate to be used as a therapeutic tool for CNS applications, namely by triggering the endogenous proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitors, among other mechanisms. Quite interestingly it was recently revealed that MSCs could be found in the human brain, in the vicinity of capillaries. In the present review we highlight how MSCs and NSCs in the neurogenic niches interact. Furthermore, we propose directions on this field and explore the future therapeutic possibilities that may arise from the combination/interaction of MSCs and NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joao C Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bruno M Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana O Pires
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António Mateus-Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - F G Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luisa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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