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Mancinelli R, Onori P, Gaudio E, DeMorrow S, Franchitto A, Francis H, Glaser S, Carpino G, Venter J, Alvaro D, Kopriva S, White M, Kossie A, Savage J, Alpini G. Follicle-stimulating hormone increases cholangiocyte proliferation by an autocrine mechanism via cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Elk-1. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009; 297:G11-26. [PMID: 19389804 PMCID: PMC2711748 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00025.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sex hormones regulate cholangiocyte hyperplasia in bile duct-ligated (BDL) rats. We studied whether follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) regulates cholangiocyte proliferation. FSH receptor (FSHR) and FSH expression was evaluated in liver sections, purified cholangiocytes, and cholangiocyte cultures (NRICC). In vivo, normal female and male rats were treated with FSH or immediately after BDL with antide (a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist blocking FSH secretion) or a neutralizing FSH antibody for 1 wk. We evaluated 1) cholangiocyte proliferation in sections and cholangiocytes and 2) changes in secretin-stimulated cAMP (functional index of cholangiocyte growth) levels, and ERK1/2 and Elk-1 phosphorylation. NRICC were stimulated with FSH before evaluation of proliferation, cAMP/IP(3) levels, and ERK1/2 and Elk-1 phosphorylation. To determine whether FSH regulates cholangiocyte proliferation by an autocrine mechanism, we evaluated the effects of 1) cholangiocyte supernatant (containing FSH) on NRICC proliferation and 2) FSH silencing in NRICC before measuring proliferation and ERK1/2 and Elk-1 phosphorylation. Cholangiocytes and NRICC express FSHR and FSH and secrete FSH. In vivo administration of FSH to normal rats increased, whereas administration of antide and anti-FSH antibody to BDL rats decreased 1) ductal mass and 2) secretin-stimulated cAMP levels, proliferation, and ERK1/2 and Elk-1 phosphorylation in cholangiocytes compared with controls. In NRICC, FSH increased cholangiocyte proliferation, cAMP levels, and ERK1/2 and Elk-1 phosphorylation. The supernatant of cholangiocytes increased NRICC proliferation, inhibited by preincubation with anti-FSH antibody. Silencing of FSH gene decreases cholangiocyte proliferation and ERK1/2 and Elk-1 phosphorylation. Modulation of cholangiocyte FSH expression may be important for the management of cholangiopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Mancinelli
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, and Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Division of Research and Education, Scott & White, Temple, Texas; Department of Human Anatomy, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy, Department of Gastroenterology, Polo Pontino, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; and Department of Health Science, Istituto Universitario di Scienze Motorie, University of Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, and Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Division of Research and Education, Scott & White, Temple, Texas; Department of Human Anatomy, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy, Department of Gastroenterology, Polo Pontino, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; and Department of Health Science, Istituto Universitario di Scienze Motorie, University of Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, and Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Division of Research and Education, Scott & White, Temple, Texas; Department of Human Anatomy, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy, Department of Gastroenterology, Polo Pontino, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; and Department of Health Science, Istituto Universitario di Scienze Motorie, University of Rome, Italy
| | - Sharon DeMorrow
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, and Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Division of Research and Education, Scott & White, Temple, Texas; Department of Human Anatomy, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy, Department of Gastroenterology, Polo Pontino, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; and Department of Health Science, Istituto Universitario di Scienze Motorie, University of Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Franchitto
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, and Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Division of Research and Education, Scott & White, Temple, Texas; Department of Human Anatomy, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy, Department of Gastroenterology, Polo Pontino, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; and Department of Health Science, Istituto Universitario di Scienze Motorie, University of Rome, Italy
| | - Heather Francis
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, and Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Division of Research and Education, Scott & White, Temple, Texas; Department of Human Anatomy, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy, Department of Gastroenterology, Polo Pontino, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; and Department of Health Science, Istituto Universitario di Scienze Motorie, University of Rome, Italy
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, and Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Division of Research and Education, Scott & White, Temple, Texas; Department of Human Anatomy, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy, Department of Gastroenterology, Polo Pontino, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; and Department of Health Science, Istituto Universitario di Scienze Motorie, University of Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Carpino
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, and Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Division of Research and Education, Scott & White, Temple, Texas; Department of Human Anatomy, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy, Department of Gastroenterology, Polo Pontino, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; and Department of Health Science, Istituto Universitario di Scienze Motorie, University of Rome, Italy
| | - Julie Venter
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, and Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Division of Research and Education, Scott & White, Temple, Texas; Department of Human Anatomy, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy, Department of Gastroenterology, Polo Pontino, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; and Department of Health Science, Istituto Universitario di Scienze Motorie, University of Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, and Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Division of Research and Education, Scott & White, Temple, Texas; Department of Human Anatomy, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy, Department of Gastroenterology, Polo Pontino, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; and Department of Health Science, Istituto Universitario di Scienze Motorie, University of Rome, Italy
| | - Shelley Kopriva
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, and Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Division of Research and Education, Scott & White, Temple, Texas; Department of Human Anatomy, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy, Department of Gastroenterology, Polo Pontino, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; and Department of Health Science, Istituto Universitario di Scienze Motorie, University of Rome, Italy
| | - Mellanie White
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, and Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Division of Research and Education, Scott & White, Temple, Texas; Department of Human Anatomy, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy, Department of Gastroenterology, Polo Pontino, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; and Department of Health Science, Istituto Universitario di Scienze Motorie, University of Rome, Italy
| | - Ashley Kossie
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, and Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Division of Research and Education, Scott & White, Temple, Texas; Department of Human Anatomy, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy, Department of Gastroenterology, Polo Pontino, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; and Department of Health Science, Istituto Universitario di Scienze Motorie, University of Rome, Italy
| | - Jennifer Savage
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, and Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Division of Research and Education, Scott & White, Temple, Texas; Department of Human Anatomy, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy, Department of Gastroenterology, Polo Pontino, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; and Department of Health Science, Istituto Universitario di Scienze Motorie, University of Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, Department of Medicine, Division Gastroenterology, and Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Division of Research and Education, Scott & White, Temple, Texas; Department of Human Anatomy, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy, Department of Gastroenterology, Polo Pontino, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy; and Department of Health Science, Istituto Universitario di Scienze Motorie, University of Rome, Italy
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