51
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Ni N, Fang X, Mullens DA, Cai JJ, Ivanov I, Bartholin L, Li Q. Transcriptomic Profiling of Gene Expression Associated with Granulosa Cell Tumor Development in a Mouse Model. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2184. [PMID: 35565312 PMCID: PMC9105549 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are rare sex cord-stromal tumors, accounting for ~5% ovarian tumors. The etiology of GCTs remains poorly defined. Genetically engineered mouse models are potentially valuable for understanding the pathogenesis of GCTs. Mice harboring constitutively active TGFβ signaling (TGFBR1-CA) develop ovarian GCTs that phenocopy several hormonal and molecular characteristics of human GCTs. To determine molecular alterations in the ovary upon TGFβ signaling activation, we performed transcriptomic profiling of gene expression associated with GCT development using ovaries from 1-month-old TGFBR1-CA mice and age-matched controls. RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analysis coupled with the validation of select target genes revealed dysregulations of multiple cellular events and signaling molecules/pathways. The differentially expressed genes are enriched not only for known GCT-related pathways and tumorigenic events but also for signaling events potentially mediated by neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, relaxin signaling, insulin signaling, and complements in TGFBR1-CA ovaries. Additionally, a comparative analysis of our data in mice with genes dysregulated in human GCTs or granulosa cells overexpressing a mutant FOXL2, the genetic hallmark of adult GCTs, identified some common genes altered in both conditions. In summary, this study has revealed the molecular signature of ovarian GCTs in a mouse model that harbors the constitutive activation of TGFBR1. The findings may be further exploited to understand the pathogenesis of a class of poorly defined ovarian tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ni
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (N.N.); (X.F.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (N.N.); (X.F.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Destiny A. Mullens
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.A.M.); (I.I.)
| | - James J. Cai
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (N.N.); (X.F.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.A.M.); (I.I.)
| | - Laurent Bartholin
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France;
- Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Qinglei Li
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (N.N.); (X.F.); (J.J.C.)
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52
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Lee M, Cho HJ, Park KS, Jung HY. ELK3 Controls Gastric Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion by Regulating ECM Remodeling-Related Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073709. [PMID: 35409069 PMCID: PMC8998440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer, including surgery and chemotherapy improve patient survival; however, the survival rate of patients with metastatic gastric cancer is very low. The molecular mechanisms underlying the dissemination of gastric cancer cells to distant organs are currently unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the E26 transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factor ELK3 (ELK3) gene is required for the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. The ELK3 gene modulates the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling-related genes, such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP1), lysyl oxidase like 2 (LOXL2), Snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (SNAI1), serpin family F member 1 (SERPINF1), decorin (DCN), and nidogen 1 (NID1) to facilitate cancer cell dissemination. Our in silico analyses indicated that ELK3 expression was positively associated with these ECM remodeling-related genes in gastric cancer cells and patient samples. The high expressions of ELK3 and other ECM remodeling-related genes were also closely associated with a worse prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. Collectively, these findings suggest that ELK3 acts as an important regulator of gastric cancer cell dissemination by regulating ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kyung-Soon Park
- Correspondence: (K.-S.P.); (H.-Y.J.); Tel.: +82-31-881-7144 (K.-S.P.); Fax: +82-31-881-7249 (K.-S.P.)
| | - Hae-Yun Jung
- Correspondence: (K.-S.P.); (H.-Y.J.); Tel.: +82-31-881-7144 (K.-S.P.); Fax: +82-31-881-7249 (K.-S.P.)
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53
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Skuladottir AT, Bjornsdottir G, Ferkingstad E, Einarsson G, Stefansdottir L, Nawaz MS, Oddsson A, Olafsdottir TA, Saevarsdottir S, Walters GB, Magnusson SH, Bjornsdottir A, Sveinsson OA, Vikingsson A, Hansen TF, Jacobsen RL, Erikstrup C, Schwinn M, Brunak S, Banasik K, Ostrowski SR, Troelsen A, Henkel C, Pedersen OB, Jonsdottir I, Gudbjartsson DF, Sulem P, Thorgeirsson TE, Stefansson H, Stefansson K. A genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 50 genetic loci associated with carpal tunnel syndrome. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1598. [PMID: 35332129 PMCID: PMC8948232 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29133-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy and has a largely unknown underlying biology. In a genome-wide association study of CTS (48,843 cases and 1,190,837 controls), we found 53 sequence variants at 50 loci associated with the syndrome. The most significant association is with a missense variant (p.Glu366Lys) in SERPINA1 that protects against CTS (P = 2.9 × 10-24, OR = 0.76). Through various functional analyses, we conclude that at least 22 genes mediate CTS risk and highlight the role of 19 CTS variants in the biology of the extracellular matrix. We show that the genetic component to the risk is higher in bilateral/recurrent/persistent cases than nonrecurrent/nonpersistent cases. Anthropometric traits including height and BMI are genetically correlated with CTS, in addition to early hormonal-replacement therapy, osteoarthritis, and restlessness. Our findings suggest that the components of the extracellular matrix play a key role in the pathogenesis of CTS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Muhammad Sulaman Nawaz
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Saedis Saevarsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - G Bragi Walters
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Arnor Vikingsson
- Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thomas Folkmann Hansen
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Louise Jacobsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Schwinn
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Troelsen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAG ROAD - Research OsteoArthritis Denmark, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Henkel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CORH, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Ole Birger Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital-Køge, Køge, Denmark.
| | | | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Sun C, Ma S, Chen Y, Kim NH, Kailas S, Wang Y, Gu W, Chen Y, Tuason JPW, Bhan C, Manem N, Huang Y, Cheng C, Zhou Z, Zhou Q, Zhu Y. Diagnostic Value, Prognostic Value, and Immune Infiltration of LOX Family Members in Liver Cancer: Bioinformatic Analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:843880. [PMID: 35311155 PMCID: PMC8931681 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.843880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cancer (LC) is well known for its prevalence as well as its poor prognosis. The aberrant expression of lysyl oxidase (LOX) family is associated with liver cancer, but their function and prognostic value in LC remain largely unclear. This study aimed to explore the function and prognostic value of LOX family in LC through bioinformatics analysis and meta-analysis. Results The expression levels of all LOX family members were significantly increased in LC. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of LOXL2 was 0.946 with positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.994. LOX and LOXL3 were correlated with worse prognosis. Meta-analysis also validated effect of LOX on prognosis. Nomogram of these two genes and other predictors was also plotted. There was insufficient data from original studies to conduct meta-analysis on LOXL3. The functions of LOX family members in LC were mostly involved in extracellular and functions and structures. The expressions of LOX family members strongly correlated with various immune infiltrating cells and immunomodulators in LC. Conclusions For LC patients, LOXL2 may be a potential diagnostic biomarker, while LOX and LOXL3 have potential prognostic and therapeutic values. Positive correlation between LOX family and infiltration of various immune cells and immunomodulators suggests the need for exploration of their roles in the tumor microenvironment and for potential immunotherapeutic to target LOX family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Sun
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shaodi Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of the First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Na Hyun Kim
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sujatha Kailas
- Gastroenterology, AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yichen Wang
- Mercy Internal Medicine Service, Trinity Health of New England, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Wenchao Gu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yisheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Chandur Bhan
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nikitha Manem
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yuting Huang
- University of Maryland Medical Center Midtown Campus, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ce Cheng
- College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Banner-University Medical Center South, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Yanzhe Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Yanzhe Zhu,
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55
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Venturelli S, Leischner C, Helling T, Renner O, Burkard M, Marongiu L. Minerals and Cancer: Overview of the Possible Diagnostic Value. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1256. [PMID: 35267564 PMCID: PMC8909570 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and is expected to increase by one-third over the next two decades, in parallel with the growing proportion of the elderly population. Treatment and control of cancer incidence is a global issue. Since there is no clear way to prevent or cure this deadly malignancy, diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic markers for oncological diseases are of great therapeutic value. Minerals and trace elements are important micronutrients for normal physiological function of the body. They are abundant in natural food sources and are regularly included in dietary supplements whereas highly processed industrial food often contains reduced or altered amounts of them. In modern society, the daily intake, storage pools, and homeostasis of these micronutrients are dependent on certain dietary habits and can be thrown out of balance by malignancies. The current work summarizes the data on minerals and trace elements associated with abnormal accumulation or depletion states in tumor patients and discusses their value as potential tumor-associated biomarkers that could be introduced into cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Venturelli
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (S.V.); (C.L.); (T.H.); (O.R.)
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Leischner
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (S.V.); (C.L.); (T.H.); (O.R.)
| | - Thomas Helling
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (S.V.); (C.L.); (T.H.); (O.R.)
| | - Olga Renner
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (S.V.); (C.L.); (T.H.); (O.R.)
| | - Markus Burkard
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (S.V.); (C.L.); (T.H.); (O.R.)
| | - Luigi Marongiu
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (S.V.); (C.L.); (T.H.); (O.R.)
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56
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Habanjar O, Diab-Assaf M, Caldefie-Chezet F, Delort L. The Impact of Obesity, Adipose Tissue, and Tumor Microenvironment on Macrophage Polarization and Metastasis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:339. [PMID: 35205204 PMCID: PMC8869089 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a major cause of death in cancer patients. It involves not only the intrinsic alterations within tumor cells, but also crosstalk between these cells and components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumorigenesis is a complex and dynamic process, involving the following three main stages: initiation, progression, and metastasis. The transition between these stages depends on the changes within the extracellular matrix (ECM), in which tumor and stromal cells reside. This matrix, under the effect of growth factors, cytokines, and adipokines, can be morphologically altered, degraded, or reorganized. Many cancers evolve to form an immunosuppressive TME locally and create a pre-metastatic niche in other tissue sites. TME and pre-metastatic niches include myofibroblasts, immuno-inflammatory cells (macrophages), adipocytes, blood, and lymphatic vascular networks. Several studies have highlighted the adipocyte-macrophage interaction as a key driver of cancer progression and dissemination. The following two main classes of macrophages are distinguished: M1 (pro-inflammatory/anti-tumor) and M2 (anti-inflammatory/pro-tumor). These cells exhibit distinct microenvironment-dependent phenotypes that can promote or inhibit metastasis. On the other hand, obesity in cancer patients has been linked to a poor prognosis. In this regard, tumor-associated adipocytes modulate TME through the secretion of inflammatory mediators, which modulate and recruit tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). Hereby, this review describes the cellular and molecular mechanisms that link inflammation, obesity, and cancer. It provides a comprehensive overview of adipocytes and macrophages in the ECM as they control cancer initiation, progression, and invasion. In addition, it addresses the mechanisms of tumor anchoring and recruitment for M1, M2, and TAM macrophages, specifically highlighting their origin, classification, polarization, and regulatory networks, as well as their roles in the regulation of angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression, specifically highlighting the role of adipocytes in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Habanjar
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, ECREIN, f-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
| | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- Equipe Tumorigénèse Pharmacologie moléculaire et anticancéreuse, Faculté des Sciences II, Université libanaise Fanar, Beyrouth 1500, Liban;
| | - Florence Caldefie-Chezet
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, ECREIN, f-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
| | - Laetitia Delort
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, ECREIN, f-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
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57
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Kuriyama S, Tanaka G, Takagane K, Itoh G, Tanaka M. Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor Is Involved in the Late Phase of Osteosarcoma Metastasis by Increasing Extravasation and Cell-Cell Adhesion. Front Oncol 2022; 12:818182. [PMID: 35174090 PMCID: PMC8842676 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.818182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ tropism of metastatic cells is not well understood. To determine the key factors involved in the selection of a specific organ upon metastasis, we established metastatic cell lines and analyzed their homing to specific tissues. Toward this, 143B osteosarcoma cells were injected intracardially until the kidney-metastasizing sub-cell line Bkid was established, which significantly differed from the parental 143B cells. The candidate genes responsible for kidney metastasis were validated, and SerpinF1/Pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) was identified as the primary target. Bkid cells with PEDF knockdown injected intracardially did not metastasize to the kidneys. In contrast, PEDF overexpressing 143B cells injected into femur metastasized to the lungs and kidneys. PEDF triggered mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) in vitro as well as in vivo. Based on these results, we hypothesized that the MET might be a potential barrier to extravasation. PEDF overexpression in various osteosarcoma cell lines increased their extravasation to the kidneys and lungs. Moreover, when cultured close to the renal endothelial cell line TKD2, Bkid cells disturbed the TKD2 layer and hindered wound healing via the PEDF-laminin receptor (lamR) axis. Furthermore, novel interactions were observed among PEDF, lamR, lysyl oxidase-like 1 (Loxl1), and SNAI3 (Snail-like transcription factor) during endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). Collectively, our results show that PEDF induces cancer cell extravasation by increasing the permeability of kidney and lung vasculature acting via lamR and its downstream genes. We also speculate that PEDF promotes extravasation via inhibiting EndoMT, and this warrants investigation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Kuriyama
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, Akita University, Akita City, Japan
| | - Gentaro Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, Akita University, Akita City, Japan.,Department of Lifescience, Faculty and Graduate School of Engineering and Resource Science, Akita University, Akita City, Japan
| | - Kurara Takagane
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, Akita University, Akita City, Japan
| | - Go Itoh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, Akita University, Akita City, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, Akita University, Akita City, Japan
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58
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Wang L, Cao S, Zhai R, Zhao Y, Song G. Systematic Analysis of Expression and Prognostic Values of Lysyl Oxidase Family in Gastric Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 12:760534. [PMID: 35126449 PMCID: PMC8812723 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.760534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) remains the fifth most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide, with a poor prognosis. The lysyl oxidase (LOX) family, a type of secreted copper-dependent amine oxidases, is comprised of LOX and four LOX-like (LOXL) 1–4 isoforms and has been reported to be dysregulated in a number of different type cancers. However, the diverse expression patterns and prognostic values of LOX family in GC have yet to be systematically analyzed. Methods: ONCOMINE, GEPIA, UALCAN, Kaplan–Meier Plotter, LOGpc, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA and Metascape databases were utilized in this study to analyze the expression, prognostic values, mutations and functional networks of LOX family in GC. Results: The mRNA expression levels of LOX, LOXL1 and LOXL2 were significantly higher in GC, the expression level of LOXL3 was contrary in different databases, while the expression level of LOXL4 made no difference; the expression levels of LOX, LOXL1 and LOXL3 were higher in stages 2–4 than that of normal tissues and stage 1, while the mRNA level of LOXL2 in stage 1–4 was higher than normal tissues; patients with high expression of LOX and LOXL 2-4 had poor OS; the genes correlated with LOX and LOXL2 were enriched in extracellular matrix organization, vasculature development and skeletal system development. Conclusion: Our results indicated that the LOX family, especially LOX and LOXL2, might play an important role in GC oncogenesis, and they may become biomarkers for predicting tumor prognosis and potential targets for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan Cao
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rujun Zhai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Radiology Department, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guodong Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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59
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Aptamer grafted nanoparticle as targeted therapeutic tool for the treatment of breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112530. [PMID: 34915416 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast carcinomas repeat their number and grow exponentially making it extremely frequent malignancy among women. Approximately, 70-80% of early diagnosed or non-metastatic conditions are treatable while the metastatic cases are considered ineffective to treat with current ample amount of therapy. Target based anti-cancer treatment has been in the limelight for decades and is perceived significant consideration of scientists. Aptamers are the 'coming of age' therapeutic approach, selected using an appropriate tool from the library of sequences. Aptamers are non-immunogenic, stable, and high-affinity ligand which are poised to reach the clinical benchmark. With the heed in nanoparticle application, the delivery of aptamer to the specific site could be enhanced which also protects them from nuclease degradation. Moreover, nanoparticles due to robust structure, high drug entrapment, and modifiable release of cargo could serve as a successful candidate in the treatment of breast carcinoma. This review would showcase the method and modified method of selection of aptamers, aptamers that were able to make its way towards clinical trial and their targetability and selectivity towards breast cancers. The appropriate usage of aptamer-based biosensor in breast cancer diagnosis have also been discussed.
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60
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Kannappan V, Ali M, Small B, Rajendran G, Elzhenni S, Taj H, Wang W, Dou QP. Recent Advances in Repurposing Disulfiram and Disulfiram Derivatives as Copper-Dependent Anticancer Agents. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:741316. [PMID: 34604310 PMCID: PMC8484884 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.741316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) plays a pivotal role in cancer progression by acting as a co-factor that regulates the activity of many enzymes and structural proteins in cancer cells. Therefore, Cu-based complexes have been investigated as novel anticancer metallodrugs and are considered as a complementary strategy for currently used platinum agents with undesirable general toxicity. Due to the high failure rate and increased cost of new drugs, there is a global drive towards the repositioning of known drugs for cancer treatment in recent years. Disulfiram (DSF) is a first-line antialcoholism drug used in clinics for more than 65 yr. In combination with Cu, it has shown great potential as an anticancer drug by targeting a wide range of cancers. The reaction between DSF and Cu ions forms a copper diethyldithiocarbamate complex (Cu(DDC)2 also known as CuET) which is the active, potent anticancer ingredient through inhibition of NF-κB and ubiquitin-proteasome system as well as alteration of the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Importantly, DSF/Cu inhibits several molecular targets related to drug resistance, stemness, angiogenesis and metastasis and is thus considered as a novel strategy for overcoming tumour recurrence and relapse in patients. Despite its excellent anticancer efficacy, DSF has proven unsuccessful in several cancer clinical trials. This is likely due to the poor stability, rapid metabolism and/or short plasma half-life of the currently used oral version of DSF and the inability to form Cu(DDC)2 at relevant concentrations in tumour tissues. Here, we summarize the scientific rationale, molecular targets, and mechanisms of action of DSF/Cu in cancer cells and the outcomes of oral DSF ± Cu in cancer clinical trials. We will focus on the novel insights on harnessing the immune system and hypoxic microenvironment using DSF/Cu complex and discuss the emerging delivery strategies that can overcome the shortcomings of DSF-based anticancer therapies and provide opportunities for translation of DSF/Cu or its Cu(DDC)2 complex into cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinodh Kannappan
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom.,Disulfican Ltd, University of Wolverhampton Science Park, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Misha Ali
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.,Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Benjamin Small
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Gowtham Rajendran
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Salena Elzhenni
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Hamza Taj
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Weiguang Wang
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom.,Disulfican Ltd, University of Wolverhampton Science Park, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Q Ping Dou
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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61
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Attaran S, Skoko JJ, Hopkins BL, Wright MK, Wood LE, Asan A, Woo HA, Feinberg A, Neumann CA. Peroxiredoxin-1 Tyr194 phosphorylation regulates LOX-dependent extracellular matrix remodelling in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1146-1157. [PMID: 34389806 PMCID: PMC8505437 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01510-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) belongs to an abundant family of peroxidases whose role in cancer is still unresolved. While mouse knockout studies demonstrate a tumour suppressive role for PRDX1, in cancer cell xenografts, results denote PRDX1 as a drug target. Probably, this phenotypic discrepancy stems from distinct roles of PRDX1 in certain cell types or stages of tumour progression. METHODS We demonstrate an important cell-autonomous function for PRDX1 utilising a syngeneic mouse model (BALB/c) and mammary fibroblasts (MFs) obtained from it. RESULTS Loss of PRDX1 in vivo promotes collagen remodelling known to promote breast cancer progression. PRDX1 inactivation in MFs occurs via SRC-induced phosphorylation of PRDX1 TYR194 and not through the expected direct oxidation of CYS52 in PRDX1 by ROS. TYR194-phosphorylated PRDX1 fails to bind to lysyl oxidases (LOX) and leads to the accumulation of extracellular LOX proteins which supports enhanced collagen remodelling associated with breast cancer progression. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a cell type-specific tumour suppressive role for PRDX1 that is supported by survival analyses, depending on PRDX1 protein levels in breast cancer cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen Attaran
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John J Skoko
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Barbara L Hopkins
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Megan K Wright
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Laurel E Wood
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alparslan Asan
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hyun Ae Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Adam Feinberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carola A Neumann
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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62
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Hu J, Guo J, Pei Y, Hu P, Li M, Sack I, Li W. Rectal Tumor Stiffness Quantified by In Vivo Tomoelastography and Collagen Content Estimated by Histopathology Predict Tumor Aggressiveness. Front Oncol 2021; 11:701336. [PMID: 34485136 PMCID: PMC8415020 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.701336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the significance of collagen in predicting the aggressiveness of rectal tumors in patients, examined in vivo based on tomoelastography quantified stiffness and ex vivo by histologically measured collagen volume fraction (CVF). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 170 patients with suspected rectal cancer were prospectively enrolled and underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and rectal tomoelastography, a technique based on multifrequency magnetic resonance elastography. Histopathologic analysis identified eighty patients with rectal cancer who were divided into subgroups by tumor-node (TN) stage, prognostic stage, and risk level. Rectal tumor stiffness was correlated with histopathologic CVF. Area-under-the-curve (AUC) and contingency analysis were used to evaluate the performance of rectal stiffness in distinguishing tumor stages which was compared to standard clinical MRI. RESULTS In vivo tomoelastography revealed that rectal tumor stiffened significantly with increased TN stage (p<0.05). Tumors with poorly differentiated status, perineural and lymphovascular invasion also displayed higher stiffness than well-to-moderately differentiated, noninvasive tumors (all p<0.05). Similar to in vivo stiffness, CVF indicated an abnormally high collagen content in tumors with perineural invasion and poor differentiation status. CVF was also positively correlated with stiffness (p<0.05). Most importantly, both stiffness (AUROC: 0.82) and CVF (AUROC: 0.89) demonstrated very good diagnostic accuracy in detecting rectal tumors that have high risk for progressing to an aggressive state with poorer prognosis. CONCLUSION In human rectal carcinomas, overexpression of collagen is correlated with increased tissue stiffness and high risk for tumor advancing more aggressively. In vivo tomoelastography quantifies rectal tumor stiffness which improves the diagnostic performance of standard MRI in the assessment of lymph nodes metastasis. Therefore, in vivo stiffness mapping by tomoelastography can predict rectal tumor aggressiveness and add diagnostic value to MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Hu
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Radiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yigang Pei
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengsi Li
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ingolf Sack
- Department of Radiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenzheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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63
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Kim KB, Soroceanu L, de Semir D, Millis SZ, Ross J, Vosoughi E, Dar AA, Nosrati M, Desprez PY, Ice R, Chen M, Chetal K, Bhattacharjee A, Moretto J, Leong SP, Singer MI, Parrett BM, Minor DR, McAllister S, Miller JR, Salomonis N, Kashani-Sabet M. Prevalence of Homologous Recombination Pathway Gene Mutations in Melanoma: Rationale for a New Targeted Therapeutic Approach. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2028-2036.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Tang LJW, Zaseela A, Toh CCM, Adine C, Aydar AO, Iyer NG, Fong ELS. Engineering stromal heterogeneity in cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113817. [PMID: 34087326 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Based on our exponentially increasing knowledge of stromal heterogeneity from advances in single-cell technologies, the notion that stromal cell types exist as a spectrum of unique subpopulations that have specific functions and spatial distributions in the tumor microenvironment has significant impact on tumor modeling for drug development and personalized drug testing. In this Review, we discuss the importance of incorporating stromal heterogeneity and tumor architecture, and propose an overall approach to guide the reconstruction of stromal heterogeneity in vitro for tumor modeling. These next-generation tumor models may support the development of more precise drugs targeting specific stromal cell subpopulations, as well as enable improved recapitulation of patient tumors in vitro for personalized drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Jia Wei Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ayshath Zaseela
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Christabella Adine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abdullah Omer Aydar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - N Gopalakrishna Iyer
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Eliza Li Shan Fong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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65
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Pradhan RN, Krishnamurty AT, Fletcher AL, Turley SJ, Müller S. A bird's eye view of fibroblast heterogeneity: A pan-disease, pan-cancer perspective. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:299-320. [PMID: 34164824 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts, custodians of tissue architecture and function, are no longer considered a monolithic entity across tissues and disease indications. Recent advances in single-cell technologies provide an unrestricted, high-resolution view of fibroblast heterogeneity that exists within and across tissues. In this review, we summarize a compendium of single-cell transcriptomic studies and provide a comprehensive accounting of fibroblast subsets, many of which have been described to occupy specific niches in tissues at homeostatic and pathologic states. Understanding this heterogeneity is particularly important in the context of cancer, as the diverse cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) phenotypes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are directly impacted by the expression phenotypes of their predecessors. Relationships between these heterogeneous populations often accompany and influence response to therapy in cancer and fibrosis. We further highlight the importance of integrating single-cell studies to deduce common fibroblast phenotypes across disease states, which will facilitate the identification of common signaling pathways, gene regulatory programs, and cell surface markers that are going to advance drug discovery and targeting.
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66
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Vasiukov G, Menshikh A, Owens P, Novitskaya T, Hurley P, Blackwell T, Feoktistov I, Novitskiy SV. Adenosine/TGFβ axis in regulation of mammary fibroblast functions. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252424. [PMID: 34101732 PMCID: PMC8186761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) play a key role in cancer progression and metastasis. Diminished TGFβ response on CAF correlates with poor outcome and recurrence in cancer patients. Mechanisms behind lost TGFβ signaling on CAF are poorly understood, but, utilizing MMTV-PyMT mouse model, we have previously demonstrated that in tumor microenvironment myeloid cells, producing adenosine, contribute to downregulated TGFβ signaling on CAFs. In the current work, we performed serial in vitro studies to investigate the role of adenosine/TGFβ axis in mouse mammary fibroblast functions, i.e., proliferation, protein expression, migration, and contractility. We found that adenosine analog NECA diminished TGFβ-induced CCL5 and MMP9 expression. Additionally, we discovered that NECA completely inhibited effect of TGFβ to upregulate αSMA, key protein of cytoskeletal rearrangements, necessary for migration and contractility of fibroblasts. Our results show that TGFβ increases contractility of mouse mammary fibroblasts and human fibroblast cell lines, and NECA attenuates theses effects. Using pharmacological approach and genetically modified animals, we determined that NECA effects on TGFβ pathway occur via A2A/A2B adenosine receptor—AC—PKA dependent manner. Using isolated CD11b+ cells from tumor tissue of CD73-KO and CD39-KO animals in co-culture experiments with ATP and AMP, we confirmed that myeloid cells can affect functions of mammary fibroblasts through adenosine signaling. Our data suggest a novel mechanism of interaction between adenosine and TGFβ signaling pathways that can impact phenotype of fibroblasts in a tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgii Vasiukov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Anna Menshikh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Philip Owens
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Boulder, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Tatiana Novitskaya
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Paula Hurley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Timothy Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Igor Feoktistov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Sergey V. Novitskiy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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67
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Han S, Wang Z, Liu J, Wang HMD, Yuan Q. miR-29a-3p-dependent COL3A1 and COL5A1 expression reduction assists sulforaphane to inhibit gastric cancer progression. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114539. [PMID: 33819468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The antitumor properties of cruciferous vegetables are mainly due to their high content of isothiocyanates, and sulforaphane (SFA) is the most well-known compound. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism of SFA inhibiting gastric cancer (GC) progression. After verifying SFA suppressing GC growth in vivo, we utilized the GSE79973 and GSE118916 datasets to identify the GC development signatures that overlap with the RNA-seq analysis in SFA-treated AGS cells. GSEA of the RNA-seq data indicated that SFA regulation of GC progression was related to extracellular matrix and collagens; thus, we identified COL3A1 and COL5A1 as the targets of SFA, which functioned as oncogenes. We found positive correlations between COL3A1 and COL5A1 expression in GC cells, and confirmed that miR-29a-3p is the common regulator of their expression. RNA immunoprecipitation assays based on Ago2, Dicer, and exportin-5 showed that SFA could promote mature miR-29a-3p generation. We also proved that SFA inactivated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in GC cells in a miR-29a-3p-dependent manner. Overall, SFA boosts miR-29a-3p maturation to downregulate COL3A1 and COL5A1 and inactivate the Wnt/ β -catenin pathway to suppress GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jining Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen City 361021 Fujia Province, PR China; Undergraduate Program Study of Biomedical Engineering, Physics Department, Airlangga University, Surabaya City 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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Cheng W, Zhou L, Hu K, Kong D, Huang W, Xu C, Li H, Li J. Enzyme-Initiated Assembly of an Extracellular-Like Two-Dimensional Nanonetwork as a Method to Detect Procancerous Activity. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1815-1822. [PMID: 33909412 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) enzymes such as lysyl oxidase (LOX) provide a new possibility to contain the invasive progress of cancer. Unlike conventional enzymes, the activity of ECM enzymes is not simply the conversion of the substrate to the product; the amount of enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases in the ECM changes the structural integrity and morphology of the ECM. These are all important aspects that must be monitored in a spatiotemporally coupled fashion to fully understand their procancerous effect. To achieve this goal, a new molecular probe is developed, which, unlike antibodies or aptamers, can interact with the target enzyme in a more interactive way: the probe can withdraw the metal ion cofactor of the enzyme and modulate its catalytic ability. This can lead to self-propagated cross-linking of the probes to form a network not dissimilar to the collagen and elastin network of the ECM, formed through LOX activity. Thus, the biosensing process itself is a biomimetic of what may occur in vivo in the ECM, and three distinct types of signal readouts can be simultaneously recorded on the sensing surface to provide a fuller picture of ECM enzyme activity, not achievable with traditional designs. Using this method, a parallel between the detected signal and the progress of colorectal cancer can be observed. These results may point to prospective application of this method in evaluating ECM-related tumor invasiveness in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital, Nanjing 211300, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, No. 106 Jiwei Road, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Dehua Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital, Nanjing 211300, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital, Nanjing 211300, China
| | - Chuanjun Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210003, China
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Ozols M, Eckersley A, Mellody KT, Mallikarjun V, Warwood S, O'Cualain R, Knight D, Watson REB, Griffiths CEM, Swift J, Sherratt MJ. Peptide location fingerprinting reveals modification-associated biomarker candidates of ageing in human tissue proteomes. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13355. [PMID: 33830638 PMCID: PMC8135079 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dysfunctional protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is a key factor in many age-related diseases, the untargeted identification of structurally modified proteins remains challenging. Peptide location fingerprinting is a proteomic analysis technique capable of identifying structural modification-associated differences in mass spectrometry (MS) data sets of complex biological samples. A new webtool (Manchester Peptide Location Fingerprinter), applied to photoaged and intrinsically aged skin proteomes, can relatively quantify peptides and map statistically significant differences to regions within protein structures. New photoageing biomarker candidates were identified in multiple pathways including extracellular matrix organisation (collagens and proteoglycans), protein synthesis and folding (ribosomal proteins and TRiC complex subunits), cornification (keratins) and hemidesmosome assembly (plectin and integrin α6β4). Crucially, peptide location fingerprinting uniquely identified 120 protein biomarker candidates in the dermis and 71 in the epidermis which were modified as a consequence of photoageing but did not differ significantly in relative abundance (measured by MS1 ion intensity). By applying peptide location fingerprinting to published MS data sets, (identifying biomarker candidates including collagen V and versican in ageing tendon) we demonstrate the potential of the MPLF webtool for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matiss Ozols
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Alexander Eckersley
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Kieran T. Mellody
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Venkatesh Mallikarjun
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine The University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Wellcome Centre for Cell‐Matrix Research The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Stacey Warwood
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine The University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Research Facility School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Ronan O'Cualain
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine The University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Research Facility School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - David Knight
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine The University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Research Facility School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Rachel E. B. Watson
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research CentreCentral Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustManchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester UK
| | - Christopher E. M. Griffiths
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research CentreCentral Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustManchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester UK
| | - Joe Swift
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine The University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Wellcome Centre for Cell‐Matrix Research The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Michael J. Sherratt
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine The University of Manchester Manchester UK
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Kalita B, Coumar MS. Deciphering molecular mechanisms of metastasis: novel insights into targets and therapeutics. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:751-775. [PMID: 33914273 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transition of a primary tumour to metastatic progression is driven by dynamic molecular changes, including genetic and epigenetic alterations. The metastatic cascade involves bidirectional interactions among extracellular and intracellular components leading to disintegration of cellular junctions, cytoskeleton reorganization and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. These events promote metastasis by reprogramming the primary cancer cell's molecular framework, enabling them to cause local invasion, anchorage-independent survival, cell death and immune resistance, extravasation and colonization of distant organs. Metastasis follows a site-specific pattern that is still poorly understood at the molecular level. Although various drugs have been tested clinically across different metastatic cancer types, it has remained difficult to develop efficacious therapeutics due to complex molecular layers involved in metastasis as well as experimental limitations. CONCLUSIONS In this review, a systemic evaluation of the molecular mechanisms of metastasis is outlined and the potential molecular components and their status as therapeutic targets and the associated pre-clinical and clinical agents available or under investigations are discussed. Integrative methods like pan-cancer data analysis, which can provide clinical insights into both targets and treatment decisions and help in the identification of crucial components driving metastasis such as mutational profiles, gene signatures, associated pathways, site specificities and disease-gene phenotypes, are discussed. A multi-level data integration of the metastasis signatures across multiple primary and metastatic cancer types may facilitate the development of precision medicine and open up new opportunities for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikashita Kalita
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Mohane Selvaraj Coumar
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, 605014, India.
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Haas G, Fan S, Ghadimi M, De Oliveira T, Conradi LC. Different Forms of Tumor Vascularization and Their Clinical Implications Focusing on Vessel Co-option in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:612774. [PMID: 33912554 PMCID: PMC8072376 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.612774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern anti-cancer therapy of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) the anti-angiogenic treatment targeting sprouting angiogenesis is firmly established for more than a decade. However, its clinical benefits still remain limited. As liver metastases (LM) represent the most common metastatic site of colorectal cancer and affect approximately one-quarter of the patients diagnosed with this malignancy, its treatment is an essential aspect for patients' prognosis. Especially in the perioperative setting, the application of anti-angiogenic drugs represents a therapeutic option that may be used in case of high-risk or borderline resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM) in order to achieve secondary resectability. Regarding CRCLM, one reason for the limitations of anti-angiogenic treatment may be represented by vessel co-option (VCO), which is an alternative mechanism of blood supply that differs fundamentally from the well-known sprouting angiogenesis and occurs in a significant fraction of CRCLM. In this scenario, tumor cells hijack pre-existing mature vessels of the host organ independently from stimulating new vessels formation. This represents an escape mechanism from common anti-angiogenic anti-cancer treatments, as they primarily target the main trigger of sprouting angiogenesis, the vascular endothelial growth factor A. Moreover, the mechanism of blood supply in CRCLM can be deduced from their phenotypic histopathological growth pattern (HGP). For that, a specific guideline has already been implemented. These HGP vary not only regarding their blood supply, but also concerning their tumor microenvironment (TME), as notable differences in immune cell infiltration and desmoplastic reaction surrounding the CRCLM can be observed. The latter actually serves as one of the central criteria for the classification of the HGP. Regarding the clinically relevant effects of the HGP, it is still a topic of research whether the VCO-subgroup of CRCLM results in an impaired treatment response to anti-angiogenic treatment when compared to an angiogenic subgroup. However, it is well-proved, that VCO in CRCLM generally relates to an inferior survival compared to the angiogenic subgroup. Altogether the different types of blood supply result in a relevant influence on the patients' prognosis. This reinforces the need of an extended understanding of the underlying mechanisms of VCO in CRCLM with the aim to generate more comprehensive approaches which can target tumor vessels alternatively or even other components of the TME. This review aims to augment the current state of knowledge on VCO in CRCLM and other tumor entities and its impact on anti-angiogenic anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn Haas
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shuang Fan
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Ghadimi
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago De Oliveira
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena-Christin Conradi
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Ozturk II, Sirinkaya ET, Cakmak M, Gürgan M, Ceyhan D, Panagiotou N, Tasiopoulos AJ. Structural and biological features of bismuth(III) halide complexes with heterocyclic thioamides. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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73
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Takemoto R, Kamiya T, Atobe T, Hara H, Adachi T. Regulation of lysyl oxidase expression in THP-1 cell-derived M2-like macrophages. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:777-786. [PMID: 33644883 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is a copper-containing enzyme and its overexpression in tumor tissues promote tumor metastasis through the crosslinking of extracellular matrix. Our previous report demonstrated that LOX expression is significantly increased in human leukemic THP-1 cell-derived M2-like macrophages, and histone modification plays a key role in its induction. However, the rigorous mechanism of LOX regulation remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of functional transcription factors, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) in LOX regulation in M2-like macrophages. HIF1α expression was significantly increased in M2-like macrophages, and HIF1α inhibitor, TX402, suppressed LOX induction. The significant STAT3 activation was also observed in M2-like macrophages. Additionally, LOX induction was canceled in the presence of STAT3 inhibitor, S3I-201, suggesting that HIF1α and STAT3 pathways play a critical role in LOX induction. On the other hand, our ChIP results clearly indicated that the enrichment of FOXO1 within the lox promoter region was dramatically decreased in M2-like macrophages. In this context, knockdown of FOXO1 further enhanced LOX induction. LOX induction and HIF1α binding to the lox promoter region were suppressed in FOXO1-overexpressed cells, suggesting that the FOXO1 binding to the lox promoter region counteracted HIF1α binding to that region. Overall, the present data suggested that both of HIF1α and STAT3 were required for LOX induction in M2-like macrophages, and loss of FOXO1 within the lox promoter region facilitated HIF1α binding to that region which promoted LOX induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuhei Takemoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kamiya
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Taku Atobe
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hara
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Adachi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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Redmond J, McCarthy H, Buchanan P, Levingstone TJ, Dunne NJ. Advances in biofabrication techniques for collagen-based 3D in vitro culture models for breast cancer research. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 122:111944. [PMID: 33641930 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), therefore it represents an ideal biomaterial for the culture of a variety of cell types. Recently, collagen-based scaffolds have shown promise as 3D culture platforms for breast cancer-based research. Two-dimensional (2D) in vitro culture models, while useful for gaining preliminary insights, are ultimately flawed as they do not adequately replicate the tumour microenvironment. As a result, they do not facilitate proper 3D cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions and often an exaggerated response to therapeutic agents occurs. The ECM plays a crucial role in the development and spread of cancer. Alterations within the ECM have a significant impact on the pathogenesis of cancer, the initiation of metastasis and ultimate progression of the disease. 3D in vitro culture models that aim to replicate the tumour microenvironment have the potential to offer a new frontier for cancer research with cell growth, morphology and genetic properties that more closely match in vivo cancers. While initial 3D in vitro culture models used in breast cancer research consisted of simple hydrogel platforms, recent advances in biofabrication techniques, including freeze-drying, electrospinning and 3D bioprinting, have enabled the fabrication of biomimetic collagen-based platforms that more closely replicate the breast cancer ECM. This review highlights the current application of collagen-based scaffolds as 3D in vitro culture models for breast cancer research, specifically for adherence-based scaffolds (i.e. matrix-assisted). Finally, the future perspectives of 3D in vitro breast cancer models and their potential to lead to an improved understanding of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Redmond
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Centre for Medical Engineering Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Helen McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom; School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paul Buchanan
- School of Nursing and Human Science, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; National Institute of Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Tanya J Levingstone
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Centre for Medical Engineering Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Nicholas J Dunne
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Centre for Medical Engineering Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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75
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Luo C, Hu C, Li B, Liu J, Hu L, Dong R, Liao X, Zhou J, Xu L, Liu S, Li Y, Yuan D, Jiang W, Yan J. Polymorphisms in Lysyl Oxidase Family Genes Are Associated With Intracranial Aneurysm Susceptibility in a Chinese Population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:642698. [PMID: 34393991 PMCID: PMC8355735 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.642698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Intracranial aneurysms (IA) comprise a multifactorial disease with unclear physiological mechanisms. The lysyl oxidase (LOX) family genes (LOX, LOX-like 1-4) plays important roles in extracellular matrix (ECM) reconstruction and has been investigated in terms of susceptibility to IA in a few populations. We aimed to determine whether polymorphisms in LOX family genes are associated with susceptibility to IA in a Chinese population. METHODS This case-control study included 384 patients with IA and 384 healthy individuals without IA (controls). We genotyped 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of LOX family genes using the Sequenom MassARRAY® platform. These SNPs were adjusted for known risk factors and then, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were evaluated using binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The result showed that LOX rs10519694 was associated with the risk of IA in recessive (OR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.12-13.47) and additive (OR, 1.56; 95%CI, 1.05-2.34) models. Stratified analyses illustrated that LOX rs10519694 was associated with the risk of single IA in the recessive (OR, 3.95; 95%CI, 1.04-15.11) and additive (OR, 1.64; 95%CI, 1.04-2.56) models. The LOXL2 rs1010156 polymorphism was associated with multiple IA in the dominant model (OR, 1.92; 95%CI, 1.02-3.62). No associations were observed between SNPs of LOXL1, LOXL3, and LOXL4 and risk of IA. CONCLUSION LOX and LOXL2 polymorphisms were associated with risk of single IA and multiple IA in a Chinese population, suggesting potential roles of these genes in IA. The effects of these genes on IA require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chongyu Hu
- Department of Neurology, Hunan People’s Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Bingyang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Information Statistics, Changsha Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Changsha Eight Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Junyu Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liming Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Liao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Scientific Research, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jilin Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Songlin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yifeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dun Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weixi Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junxia Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Junxia Yan,
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Vallet SD, Berthollier C, Salza R, Muller L, Ricard-Blum S. The Interactome of Cancer-Related Lysyl Oxidase and Lysyl Oxidase-Like Proteins. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:E71. [PMID: 33383846 PMCID: PMC7794802 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family are amine oxidases, which initiate the covalent cross-linking of the extracellular matrix (ECM), regulate ECM stiffness, and contribute to cancer progression. The aim of this study was to build the first draft of the interactome of the five members of the LOX family in order to determine its molecular functions, the biological and signaling pathways mediating these functions, the biological processes it is involved in, and if and how it is rewired in cancer. In vitro binding assays, based on surface plasmon resonance and bio-layer interferometry, combined with queries of interaction databases and interaction datasets, were used to retrieve interaction data. The interactome was then analyzed using computational tools. We identified 31 new interactions and 14 new partners of LOXL2, including the α5β1 integrin, and built an interactome comprising 320 proteins, 5 glycosaminoglycans, and 399 interactions. This network participates in ECM organization, degradation and cross-linking, cell-ECM interactions mediated by non-integrin and integrin receptors, protein folding and chaperone activity, organ and blood vessel development, cellular response to stress, and signal transduction. We showed that this network is rewired in colorectal carcinoma, leading to a switch from ECM organization to protein folding and chaperone activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain D. Vallet
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France; (S.D.V.); (C.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Coline Berthollier
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France; (S.D.V.); (C.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Romain Salza
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France; (S.D.V.); (C.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Laurent Muller
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France;
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne CEDEX, France; (S.D.V.); (C.B.); (R.S.)
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77
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Identifying the p65-Dependent Effect of Sulforaphene on Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression via Bioinformatics Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010060. [PMID: 33374641 PMCID: PMC7793474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism by which sulforaphene (SFE) affects esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) contributes to the application of this isothiocyanate as a chemotherapeutic agent. Thus, we attempted to investigate SFE regulation of ESCC characteristics more deeply. We performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) on microarray data of SFE-treated ESCC cells and found that differentially expressed genes are enriched in TNFα_Signaling_via_the_NFκB_Pathway. Coupled with the expression profile data from the GSE20347 and GSE75241 datasets, we narrowed the set to 8 genes, 4 of which (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), TNF alpha induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3), inhibin subunit beta A (INHBA), and plasminogen activator, urokinase (PLAU)) were verified as the targets of SFE. RNA-sequence (RNA-seq) data of 182 ESCC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were grouped into two phenotypes for GSEA according to the expression of CXCL10, TNFAIP3, INHBA, and PLAU. The enrichment results proved that they were all involved in the NFκB pathway. ChIP-seq analyses obtained from the Cistrome database indicated that NFκB-p65 is likely to control the transcription of CXCL10, TNFAIP3, INHBA, and PLAU, and considering TNFAIP3 and PLAU are the most significantly differentially expressed genes, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-PCR) to verify the regulation of p65 on their expression. The results demonstrated that SFE suppresses ESCC progression by down-regulating TNFAIP3 and PLAU expression in a p65-dependent manner.
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78
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Roles of Lysyl Oxidase Family Members in the Tumor Microenvironment and Progression of Liver Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249751. [PMID: 33371259 PMCID: PMC7766343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysyl oxidase (LOX) family members are secreted copper-dependent amine oxidases, comprised of five paralogues: LOX and LOX-like l-4 (LOXL1-4), which are characterized by catalytic activity contributing to the remodeling of the cross-linking of the structural extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM remodeling plays a key role in the angiogenesis surrounding tumors, whereby a corrupt tumor microenvironment (TME) takes shape. Primary liver cancer includes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), ranked as the seventh most common cancer globally, with limited therapeutic options for advanced stages. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has revealed the key roles of LOX family members in the pathogenesis of liver cancer and the shaping of TME, indicating their notable potential as therapeutic targets. We herein review the clinical value and novel biological roles of LOX family members in tumor progression and the TME of liver cancers. In addition, we highlight recent insights into their mechanisms and their potential involvement in the development of target therapy for liver cancer.
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79
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Lelièvre P, Sancey L, Coll JL, Deniaud A, Busser B. The Multifaceted Roles of Copper in Cancer: A Trace Metal Element with Dysregulated Metabolism, but Also a Target or a Bullet for Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3594. [PMID: 33271772 PMCID: PMC7760327 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human body, copper (Cu) is a major and essential player in a large number of cellular mechanisms and signaling pathways. The involvement of Cu in oxidation-reduction reactions requires close regulation of copper metabolism in order to avoid toxic effects. In many types of cancer, variations in copper protein levels have been demonstrated. These variations result in increased concentrations of intratumoral Cu and alterations in the systemic distribution of copper. Such alterations in Cu homeostasis may promote tumor growth or invasiveness or may even confer resistance to treatments. Once characterized, the dysregulated Cu metabolism is pinpointing several promising biomarkers for clinical use with prognostic or predictive capabilities. The altered Cu metabolism in cancer cells and the different responses of tumor cells to Cu are strongly supporting the development of treatments to disrupt, deplete, or increase Cu levels in tumors. The metallic nature of Cu as a chemical element is key for the development of anticancer agents via the synthesis of nanoparticles or copper-based complexes with antineoplastic properties for therapy. Finally, some of these new therapeutic strategies such as chelators or ionophores have shown promising results in a preclinical setting, and others are already in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lelièvre
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, UGA INSERM U1209 CNRS UMR5309, 38700 La Tronche, France; (P.L.); (L.S.); (J.-L.C.)
| | - Lucie Sancey
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, UGA INSERM U1209 CNRS UMR5309, 38700 La Tronche, France; (P.L.); (L.S.); (J.-L.C.)
| | - Jean-Luc Coll
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, UGA INSERM U1209 CNRS UMR5309, 38700 La Tronche, France; (P.L.); (L.S.); (J.-L.C.)
| | - Aurélien Deniaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Busser
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, UGA INSERM U1209 CNRS UMR5309, 38700 La Tronche, France; (P.L.); (L.S.); (J.-L.C.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, 38043 Grenoble, France
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80
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Hu Q, Masuda T, Kuramitsu S, Tobo T, Sato K, Kidogami S, Nambara S, Ueda M, Tsuruda Y, Kuroda Y, Ito S, Oki E, Mori M, Mimori K. Potential association of LOXL1 with peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer possibly via promotion of EMT. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241140. [PMID: 33095806 PMCID: PMC7584171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peritoneal dissemination (PD) frequently occurs in gastric cancer (GC) and is incurable. In this study, we aimed to identify novel PD-associated genes and clarify their clinical and biological significance in GC. Materials and methods We identified LOXL1 as a PD-associated candidate gene by in silico analysis of GC datasets (highly disseminated peritoneal GC cell line and two freely available GC datasets, GSE15459 and TCGA). Next, we evaluated the clinical significance of LOXL1 expression using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry staining (IHC) in a validation cohort (Kyushu cohort). Moreover, we performed gene expression analysis, including gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) with GSE15459 and TCGA datasets. Finally, we performed a series of in vitro experiments using GC cells. Results In silico analysis showed that LOXL1 was overexpressed in tumor tissues of GC patients with PD and in highly disseminated peritoneal GC cells, relative to that in the control GC patients and cells, respectively. High expression of LOXL1 was a poor prognostic factor in the TCGA dataset. Next, IHC showed that LOXL1 was highly expressed in GC cells. High LOXL1 mRNA expression was associated with poorly differentiated histological type, lymph node metastasis, and was an independent poor prognostic factor in the Kyushu validation cohort. Moreover, LOXL1 expression was positively correlated with the EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) gene set in GSEA. Finally, LOXL1-overexpressing GC cells changed their morphology to a spindle-like form. LOXL1 overexpression reduced CDH1 expression; increased the expression of VIM, CDH2, SNAI2, and PLS3; and promoted the migration capacity of GC cells. Conclusions LOXL1 is associated with PD in GC, possibly through the induction of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjiang Hu
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
- Department of Surgery and Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Shotaro Kuramitsu
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Taro Tobo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Sato
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Shinya Kidogami
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Sho Nambara
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Masami Ueda
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsuruda
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kuroda
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Shuhei Ito
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Surgery and Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koshi Mimori
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
- * E-mail:
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81
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Miki Y, Yashiro M, Moyano-Galceran L, Sugimoto A, Ohira M, Lehti K. Crosstalk Between Cancer Associated Fibroblasts and Cancer Cells in Scirrhous Type Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:568557. [PMID: 33178597 PMCID: PMC7596590 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.568557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause among all cancer deaths globally. Although the treatment outcome of GC has improved, the survival of patients with GC at stages III and IV remains unsatisfactory. Among several types of GC, scirrhous type GC (SGC) shows highly aggressive growth and invasive activity, leading to frequent peritoneal metastasis. SGC is well known to accompany abundant stromal cells that compose the tumor microenvironment (TME) along with the produced extracellular matrix (ECM) and secreted factors. One of the main stromal components is cancer associated fibroblast (CAF). In the SGC microenvironment, CAFs are a source of various secreted factors, including fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), which mediate prominent tumor-stimulating activity. In turn, cancer cells also secrete numerous factors, which can activate and educate CAFs. Current findings suggest that cancer cells and stromal cells communicate interactively via the soluble factors, the ECM, and likely also by exosomes. In this review, we focus on the soluble factors mediating communication between cancer cells and CAFs in SGC, and consider how they are related to the modulation of TME and the high rate of peritoneal metastasis. At last, we discuss the perspectives on targeting these communication pathways for improved future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Miki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Lidia Moyano-Galceran
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Atsushi Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Lysyl oxidase inhibition enhances browning of white adipose tissue and adaptive thermogenesis. Genes Dis 2020; 9:140-150. [PMID: 35005114 PMCID: PMC8720662 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from both animal and human studies suggests that activation of beige fat increases cellular energy expenditure, ultimately reducing adiposity. Here, we report the central role of adipocyte-derived lysyl oxidase (Lox) in the formation of thermogenic beige fat. Mice exposed to cold or a β3 agonist showed drastically lower Lox expression in thermogenically activated beige fat. Importantly, inhibition of Lox activity with BAPN stimulated biogenesis of beige fat in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) under housing conditions and potentiated cold-induced adaptive thermogenesis and beiging in both iWAT and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). Notably, white adipocytes with Lox repression undergo transdifferentiation into beige adipocytes which can be suppressed by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) via ERK activation. This work provides new insight into the molecular control to expand beige fat by Lox inhibition and suggest the potential for utilizing inhibitor of Lox to treat the emerging epidemics of obesity and diabetes.
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83
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Sala M, Ros M, Saltel F. A Complex and Evolutive Character: Two Face Aspects of ECM in Tumor Progression. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1620. [PMID: 32984031 PMCID: PMC7485352 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment, including extracellular matrix (ECM) and stromal cells, is a key player during tumor development, from initiation, growth and progression to metastasis. During all of these steps, remodeling of matrix components occurs, changing its biochemical and physical properties. The global and basic cancer ECM model is that tumors are surrounded by activated stromal cells, that remodel physiological ECM to evolve into a stiffer and more crosslinked ECM than in normal conditions, thereby increasing invasive capacities of cancer cells. In this review, we show that this too simple model does not consider the complexity, specificity and heterogeneity of each organ and tumor. First, we describe the general ECM in context of cancer. Then, we go through five invasive and most frequent cancers from different origins (breast, liver, pancreas, colon, and skin), and show that each cancer has its own specific matrix, with different stromal cells, ECM components, biochemical properties and activated signaling pathways. Furthermore, in these five cancers, we describe the dual role of tumor ECM: as a protective barrier against tumor cell proliferation and invasion, and as a major player in tumor progression. Indeed, crosstalk between tumor and stromal cells induce changes in matrix organization by remodeling ECM through invadosome formation in order to degrade it, promoting tumor progression and cell invasion. To sum up, in this review, we highlight the specificities of matrix composition in five cancers and the necessity not to consider the ECM as one general and simple entity, but one complex, dynamic and specific entity for each cancer type and subtype.
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84
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Azevedo H, Pessoa GC, de Luna Vitorino FN, Nsengimana J, Newton-Bishop J, Reis EM, da Cunha JPC, Jasiulionis MG. Gene co-expression and histone modification signatures are associated with melanoma progression, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:127. [PMID: 32831131 PMCID: PMC7444266 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously developed a murine cellular system that models the transformation from melanocytes to metastatic melanoma cells. This model was established by cycles of anchorage impediment of melanocytes and consists of four cell lines: differentiated melanocytes (melan-a), pre-malignant melanocytes (4C), malignant (4C11-), and metastasis-prone (4C11+) melanoma cells. Here, we searched for transcriptional and epigenetic signatures associated with melanoma progression and metastasis by performing a gene co-expression analysis of transcriptome data and a mass-spectrometry-based profiling of histone modifications in this model. RESULTS Eighteen modules of co-expressed genes were identified, and some of them were associated with melanoma progression, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and metastasis. The genes in these modules participate in biological processes like focal adhesion, cell migration, extracellular matrix organization, endocytosis, cell cycle, DNA repair, protein ubiquitination, and autophagy. Modules and hub signatures related to EMT and metastasis (turquoise, green yellow, and yellow) were significantly enriched in genes associated to patient survival in two independent melanoma cohorts (TCGA and Leeds), suggesting they could be sources of novel prognostic biomarkers. Clusters of histone modifications were also linked to melanoma progression, EMT, and metastasis. Reduced levels of H4K5ac and H4K8ac marks were seen in the pre-malignant and tumorigenic cell lines, whereas the methylation patterns of H3K4, H3K56, and H4K20 were related to EMT. Moreover, the metastatic 4C11+ cell line showed higher H3K9me2 and H3K36me3 methylation, lower H3K18me1, H3K23me1, H3K79me2, and H3K36me2 marks and, in agreement, downregulation of the H3K36me2 methyltransferase Nsd1. CONCLUSIONS We uncovered transcriptional and histone modification signatures that may be molecular events driving melanoma progression and metastasis, which can aid in the identification of novel prognostic genes and drug targets for treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hátylas Azevedo
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Cavalcante Pessoa
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669 5 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039032, Brazil
| | | | - Jérémie Nsengimana
- Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds School of Medicine, Leeds, UK
- Biostatistics Research Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Newton-Bishop
- Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds School of Medicine, Leeds, UK
| | - Eduardo Moraes Reis
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júlia Pinheiro Chagas da Cunha
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular, Center of Toxins, Immune Response and Cell Signaling - CeTICS, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miriam Galvonas Jasiulionis
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo 669 5 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039032, Brazil.
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85
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Ye M, Song Y, Pan S, Chu M, Wang ZW, Zhu X. Evolving roles of lysyl oxidase family in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 215:107633. [PMID: 32693113 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The lysyl oxidase (LOX) family is comprised of LOX and four LOX-like proteins (LOXL1, LOXL2, LOXL3, and LOXL4), and mainly functions in the remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) and the cross-linking of collagen and elastic fibers. Recently, a growing body of research has demonstrated that LOX family is critically involved in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis. In this review, we discuss the roles of LOX family members in the development and progression of different types of human cancers. Furthermore, we also describe the potential inhibitors of LOX family proteins and highlight that LOX family might be an important therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Ye
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yizuo Song
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Shuya Pan
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Man Chu
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China..
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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86
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van Huizen NA, Ijzermans JNM, Burgers PC, Luider TM. Collagen analysis with mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:309-335. [PMID: 31498911 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based techniques can be applied to investigate collagen with respect to identification, quantification, supramolecular organization, and various post-translational modifications. The continuous interest in collagen research has led to a shift from techniques to analyze the physical characteristics of collagen to methods to study collagen abundance and modifications. In this review, we illustrate the potential of mass spectrometry for in-depth analyses of collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick A van Huizen
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N M Ijzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C Burgers
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M Luider
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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87
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Li Y. Copper homeostasis: Emerging target for cancer treatment. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1900-1908. [PMID: 32599675 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient involved in a variety of fundamental biological processes. Recently, disorder of Cu homeostasis can be observed in many malignancies. Elevated Cu levels in serum and tissue are correlated with cancer progression. Hence, targeting Cu has emerged as a novel strategy in cancer treatment. This review provides an overview of physiological Cu metabolism and its homeostasis, followed by a discussion of the dysregulation of Cu homeostasis in cancer and the effects of Cu on cancer progression. Finally, recent therapeutic advances using Cu coordination complexes as anticancer agents, as well as the mechanisms of their anti-cancer action are discussed. This review contributes full comprehension to the role of Cu in cancer and demonstrates the broad application prospect of Cu coordination compounds as potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Liver Manifestation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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88
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Palmieri V, Lazaris A, Mayer TZ, Petrillo SK, Alamri H, Rada M, Jarrouj G, Park WY, Gao ZH, McDonald PP, Metrakos P. Neutrophils expressing lysyl oxidase-like 4 protein are present in colorectal cancer liver metastases resistant to anti-angiogenic therapy. J Pathol 2020; 251:213-223. [PMID: 32297656 DOI: 10.1002/path.5449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM) that present with a replacement histopathological growth pattern (HGP) are resistant to neoadjuvant anti-angiogenic therapy. Surrogate biomarkers are not available to preoperatively identify patients with these tumors. Here we identify differentially expressed genes between CRCLM with a replacement HGP and those with a desmoplastic HGP using RNA sequencing. We demonstrate that LOXL4 is transcriptionally upregulated in replacement HGP CRCLM compared with desmoplastic HGP CRCLM and the adjacent normal liver. Interestingly, lysyl oxidase-like 4 (LOXL4) protein was expressed by neutrophils present in the tumor microenvironment in replacement HGP CRCLM. We further demonstrate that LOXL4 expression is higher in circulating neutrophils of cancer patients compared with healthy control patients and its expression can be induced by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and TNF-α. Our study is the first to show the expression of LOXL4 in neutrophils and reveals the potential for LOXL4-expressing neutrophils to support the replacement HGP phenotype and to serve as a surrogate biomarker for this subtype of CRCLM. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthoula Lazaris
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Thomas Z Mayer
- Pulmonary Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | | | - Hussam Alamri
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Miran Rada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - George Jarrouj
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Zu-Hua Gao
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Patrick P McDonald
- Pulmonary Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Peter Metrakos
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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89
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Gong X, Kulwatno J, Mills K. Rapid fabrication of collagen bundles mimicking tumor-associated collagen architectures. Acta Biomater 2020; 108:128-141. [PMID: 32194262 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stromal collagen is upregulated surrounding a solid tumor and presents as dense, thick, linearized, and aligned bundles. The collagen bundles are continually remodeled during tumor progression, and their orientation with respect to the tumor boundary has been correlated with invasive state. Currently, reconstituted-collagen gels are the standard in vitro tumor cell-extracellular matrix interaction model. The reticular, dense, and isotropic nanofiber (~900 nm-diameter, on average) gels do not, however, recapitulate the in vivo structural features of collagen bundling and alignment. Here, we present a rapid and simple method to fabricate bundles of collagen type I, whose average thickness may be varied between about 4 μm and 9 μm dependent upon diluent temperature and ionic strength. The durability and versatility of the collagen bundles was demonstrated with their incorporation into two in vitro models where the thickness and alignment of the collagen bundles resembled various in vivo arrangements. First, collagen bundles aligned by a microfluidic device elicited cancer cell contact guidance and enhanced their directional migration. Second, the presence of the collagen bundles in a bio-inert agarose hydrogel was shown to provide a route for cancer cell outgrowth. The unique structural features of the collagen bundles advance the physiological relevance of in vitro collagen-based tumor models for accurately capturing tumor cell-extracellular matrix interactions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Collagen in the tumor microenvironment is upregulated and remodeled into dense, thick, and aligned bundles that are associated with invasive state. Current collagen-based in vitro models are based on reticular, isotropic nanofiber gels that do not fully recapitulate in vivo tumor stromal collagen. We present a simple and robust method of rapidly fabricating cell-scale collagen bundles that better mimic the remodeled collagen surrounding a tumor. Interacting with the bundles, cancer cells exhibited drastically different phenotypic behaviors, compared to nanofiber scaffolds. This work reveals the importance of microscale architecture of in vitro tumor models. The collagen bundles provide physiologically relevant collagen morphologies that may be easily incorporated into existing models of tumor cell-extracellular matrix interactions.
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90
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Xu X, Zhang X, Cui Y, Yang H, Ping X, Wu J, Yu X, Jin X, Huang X, Shentu X. Three novel variants identified within ECM-related genes in Chinese Han keratoconus patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5844. [PMID: 32246022 PMCID: PMC7125089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62572-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As the primary indication for corneal transplantation, the pathogenesis of keratoconus remains elusive. Aiming to identify whether any mutation from extracellular-matrix (ECM)-related genes contributes to the patients with sporadic cases of keratoconus (KC) from Chinese Han population, one hundred and fifty-three participants in total were enrolled in our study, including fifty-three KC patients and one hundred healthy controls. Mutational analysis of three ECM-related genes (LOX, COL5A1 and TIMP3) with next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing was performed. To further confirm the function of three ECM-related genes in the pathogenesis of keratoconus, we performed Real-time Quantitative PCR in vitro. Results showed that three new sequence variants (c.95 G > A in LOX, c.1372 C > T in COL5A1 and c.476 C > T in TIMP3) were identified in aforementioned ECM-related genes in KC patients without being detected among the healthy controls. According to the results of QPCR, we found that the expression levels of LOX and TIMP3 were decreased in the KC patients, while COL5A1 showed no significant difference of expression. This is the first time to screen so many ECM-related genes in Chinese keratoconus patients using next-generation sequencing. We find numerous underlying causal variants, enlarging lots of mutation spectrums and thus providing new sites for other investigators to replicate and for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yilei Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiyuan Ping
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoning Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiuming Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingchao Shentu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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91
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Smithen D, Leung LMH, Challinor M, Lawrence R, Tang H, Niculescu-Duvaz D, Pearce SP, Mcleary R, Lopes F, Aljarah M, Brown M, Johnson L, Thomson G, Marais R, Springer C. 2-Aminomethylene-5-sulfonylthiazole Inhibitors of Lysyl Oxidase (LOX) and LOXL2 Show Significant Efficacy in Delaying Tumor Growth. J Med Chem 2020; 63:2308-2324. [PMID: 31430136 PMCID: PMC7073924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The lysyl oxidase (LOX) family of extracellular proteins plays a vital role in catalyzing the formation of cross-links in fibrillar elastin and collagens leading to extracellular matrix (ECM) stabilization. These enzymes have also been implicated in tumor progression and metastatic disease and have thus become an attractive therapeutic target for many types of invasive cancers. Following our recently published work on the discovery of aminomethylenethiophenes (AMTs) as potent, orally bioavailable LOX/LOXL2 inhibitors, we report herein the discovery of a series of dual LOX/LOXL2 inhibitors, as well as a subseries of LOXL2-selective inhibitors, bearing an aminomethylenethiazole (AMTz) scaffold. Incorporation of a thiazole core leads to improved potency toward LOXL2 inhibition via an irreversible binding mode of inhibition. SAR studies have enabled the discovery of a predictive 3DQSAR model. Lead AMTz inhibitors exhibit improved pharmacokinetic properties and excellent antitumor efficacy, with significantly reduced tumor growth in a spontaneous breast cancer genetically engineered mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah
A. Smithen
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
- Cancer
Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Leo M. H. Leung
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
- Cancer
Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Mairi Challinor
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Rae Lawrence
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - HaoRan Tang
- Molecular
Oncology Team, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Niculescu-Duvaz
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
- Cancer
Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Simon P. Pearce
- Clinical
and Experimental Pharmacology, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Mcleary
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
- Cancer
Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Filipa Lopes
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
- Cancer
Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Aljarah
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
- Cancer
Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Brown
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
- Cancer
Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Johnson
- Cancer
Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Thomson
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Marais
- Molecular
Oncology Team, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Springer
- Drug
Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
- Cancer
Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
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92
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Feifei W, Hui G, Ruiqiang Z, Qunxiang J, Yu'an X. MAGP2, a Component of Extracellular Matrix, Is Upregulated in Colorectal Cancer and Negatively Modulated by miR-200b-3p. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 18:1533033819870777. [PMID: 31426719 PMCID: PMC6702771 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819870777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide, but its mechanism has not been clarified clearly. Microfibrial-associated glycoprotein 2 is mainly located in extracellular matrix, and its role in colorectal cancer is obscure. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to compare the expression level of microfibrial-associated glycoprotein 2 in colorectal cancer tissues and adjacent tissues. Western blot was used to detect the expression of microfibrial-associated glycoprotein 2 in colorectal cancer cell lines and normal colonic epithelium cell line. Kaplan-Meier analysis and χ2 test were applied to evaluate the potential of microfibrial-associated glycoprotein 2 to function as cancer biomarker. Lentiviral transduction was used to induce microfibrial-associated glycoprotein 2 overexpression in HCT116 cells and NCM460 cells, followed by detecting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate the changes in downstream genes after microfibrial-associated glycoprotein 2 overexpression. Luciferase assay was conducted to validate whether miR-200b-3p can directly target microfibrial-associated glycoprotein 2. Results: We validated that microfibrial-associated glycoprotein 2 was upregulated in colorectal cancer samples and cells. We also demonstrated its upregulation was associated with several clinicopathologic features such as Dukes stage (P = .048), differentiation status (P = .034), and local lymphatic metastasis (P = .036) of patients with colorectal cancer, and its high expression indicated shorter overall survival of the patients. Microfibrial-associated glycoprotein 2 overexpression remarkably promoted cell proliferation and metastasis via regulating the downstream genes of Notch, including hes family bHLH transcription factor 1 (HES1), Slug, Snail, matrix metalloproteinase 2, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and Kruppel-like factor 4. We also identified miR-200b-3p as a posttranscriptional regulator of microfibrial-associated glycoprotein 2, which partly explain the high expression mechanism of microfibrial-associated glycoprotein 2 in cancer tissues. Conclusion: Microfibrial-associated glycoprotein 2, negatively modulated by miR-200b-3p, is an oncogene of colorectal cancer associated with patients’ prognosis. It may function as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feifei
- 1 Department of Experimental Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guo Hui
- 1 Department of Experimental Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhao Ruiqiang
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiang Qunxiang
- 1 Department of Experimental Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xie Yu'an
- 1 Department of Experimental Research, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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93
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Yao LW, Wu LL, Zhang LH, Zhou W, Wu L, He K, Ren JC, Deng YC, Yang DM, Wang J, Mu GG, Xu M, Zhou J, Xiang GA, Ding QS, Yang YN, Yu HG. MFAP2 is overexpressed in gastric cancer and promotes motility via the MFAP2/integrin α5β1/FAK/ERK pathway. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:17. [PMID: 32054827 PMCID: PMC7018958 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-0198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies and its prognosis is extremely poor. This study identifies a novel oncogene, microfibrillar-associated protein 2 (MFAP2) in GC. With integrative reanalysis of transcriptomic data, we found MFAP2 as a GC prognosis-related gene. And the aberrant expression of MFAP2 was explored in GC samples. Subsequent experiments indicated that silencing and exogenous MFAP2 could affect motility of cancer cells. The inhibition of silencing MFAP2 could be rescued by another FAK activator, fibronectin. This process is probably through affecting the activation of focal adhesion process via modulating ITGB1 and ITGA5. MFAP2 regulated integrin expression through ERK1/2 activation. Silencing MFAP2 by shRNA inhibited tumorigenicity and metastasis in nude mice. We also revealed that MFAP2 is a novel target of microRNA-29, and miR-29/MFAP2/integrin α5β1/FAK/ERK1/2 could be an important oncogenic pathway in GC progression. In conclusion, our data identified MFAP2 as a novel oncogene in GC and revealed that miR-29/MFAP2/integrin α5β1/FAK/ERK1/2 could be an important oncogenic pathway in GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wen Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key laboratory of Digestive System, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China
| | - Lian-Lian Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key laboratory of Digestive System, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key laboratory of Digestive System, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key laboratory of Digestive System, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key laboratory of Digestive System, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ke He
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510317, P.R. China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Cai Ren
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Chao Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key laboratory of Digestive System, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key laboratory of Digestive System, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key laboratory of Digestive System, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China
| | - Gang-Gang Mu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key laboratory of Digestive System, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key laboratory of Digestive System, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key laboratory of Digestive System, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China
| | - Guo-An Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510317, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Shan Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China. .,Hubei Key laboratory of Digestive System, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China.
| | - Yan-Ning Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China.
| | - Hong-Gang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China. .,Hubei Key laboratory of Digestive System, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, P.R. China.
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94
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Takemoto R, Kamiya T, Hara H, Adachi T. Lysyl oxidase expression is regulated by the H3K27 demethylase Jmjd3 in tumor-associated M2-like macrophages. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 66:110-115. [PMID: 32231406 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is one of the essential micronutrients, and copper-containing enzymes contribute to crucial functions in the body. Lysyl oxidase is a copper-containing enzyme that remodels the extracellular matrix by cross-linking collagen and elastin. The overexpression of lysyl oxidase was recently shown to promote tumor metastasis. M2-like macrophages were also found to significantly accumulate in the tumor microenvironment, and correlated with a poor patient's outcome. We speculate that M2-like macrophages promote tumor progression via lysyl oxidase expression. Epigenetics, a mitotically heritable change in gene expression without any change in DNA sequencing, is also associated with tumor progression. However, the relationship between lysyl oxidase expression in M2-like macrophages and epigenetics remains unclear. Lysyl oxidase expression was significantly induced in human leukemic THP-1 cell-derived M2-like macrophages. Furthermore, the level of histone H3 tri-methylation at lysine 27 was decreased, and a pre-treatment with a H3K27 demethylase inhibitor notably suppressed lysyl oxidase expression in M2-like macrophages. Lysyl oxidase derived from M2-like macrophages also enhanced breast cancer cell migration, and this was suppressed by a H3K27 demethylase inhibitor. The present results suggest the mechanism of lysyl oxidase expression in M2-like macrophages as an aspect of epigenetics, particularly histone methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuhei Takemoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kamiya
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hara
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Adachi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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95
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Single-cell tracking demonstrates copper chaperone Atox1 to be required for breast cancer cell migration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:2014-2019. [PMID: 31932435 PMCID: PMC6995000 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910722117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper ions are needed for several hallmarks of cancer. However, the involved pathways, mechanisms, and copper-binding proteins are mostly unknown. We recently found that cytoplasmic Antioxidant 1 copper chaperone (Atox1), which is up-regulated in breast cancer, is localized at the lamellipodia edges of aggressive breast cancer cells. To reveal molecular insights into a putative role in cell migration, we here investigated breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-231) migration by video microscopy as a function of Atox1. Tracking of hundreds of individual cells (per condition) over a 9-h time series revealed that cell migration velocity and directionality are significantly reduced upon Atox1 silencing in the cells. Because silencing of the copper transporter ATP7A also reduced cell migration, these proteins appear to be on the same pathway, suggesting that their well-known copper transport activity is involved. In-cell proximity ligation assays demonstrated that Atox1, ATP7A, and the proenzyme of lysyl oxidase (LOX; copper-loaded via ATP7A) are all in close proximity and that LOX activity is reduced upon Atox1 silencing in the cells. Since LOX is an established player in cancer cell migration, our results imply that Atox1 mediates breast cancer cell migration via coordinated copper transport in the ATP7A-LOX axis. Because individual cell migration is an early step in breast cancer metastasis, Atox1 levels in tumor cells may be a predictive measure of metastasis potential and serve as a biomarker for copper depletion therapy.
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96
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Almacellas-Rabaiget O, Monaco P, Huertas-Martinez J, García-Monclús S, Chicón-Bosch M, Maqueda-Marcos S, Fabra-Heredia I, Herrero-Martín D, Rello-Varona S, de Alava E, López-Alemany R, Giangrande PH, Tirado OM. LOXL2 promotes oncogenic progression in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma independently of its catalytic activity. Cancer Lett 2020; 474:1-14. [PMID: 31911079 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue malignancy in childhood and adolescence. Patients with the most aggressive histological variant have an unfavorable prognosis due to a high metastasis incidence. Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) is a lysyl oxidase, member of a family of extracellular matrix (ECM) crosslinking enzymes that recently have emerged as important regulators of tumor progression and metastasis. We report that LOXL2 is overexpressed in RMS, suggesting a potential role for LOXL2 in RMS oncogenic progression. Consistently, transient and stable LOXL2 knockdown decreased cell migratory and invasive capabilities in two ARMS cell lines. Furthermore, introduction of LOXL2 in RMS non-expressing cells using wild type or mutated (catalytically inactive) constructs resulted in increased cell migration, cell invasion and number and incidence of spontaneous lung metastasis in vivo, independently of its catalytic activity. To further study the molecular mechanism associated with LOXL2 expression, a pull-down assay on LOXL2-transfected cells was performed and analyzed by mass spectrometry. The intermediated filament protein vimentin was validated as a LOXL2-interactor. Thus, our results suggest an oncogenic role of LOXL2 in RMS by regulating cytoskeleton dynamics and cell motility capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Almacellas-Rabaiget
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paola Monaco
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Huertas-Martinez
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia García-Monclús
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Chicón-Bosch
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Maqueda-Marcos
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Fabra-Heredia
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Herrero-Martín
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Rello-Varona
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique de Alava
- CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Roser López-Alemany
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paloma H Giangrande
- Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Oscar M Tirado
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Institut Català D'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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97
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Rojas A, Araya P, Gonzalez I, Morales E. Gastric Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1226:23-35. [PMID: 32030673 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36214-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A compelling body of evidence has demonstrated that gastric cancer has a very particular tumor microenvironment, a signature very suitable to promote tumor progression and metastasis. Recent investigations have provided new insights into the multiple molecular mechanisms, defined by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, supporting a very active cross talk between the components of the tumor microenvironment and thus defining the fate of tumor progression. In this review, we intend to highlight the role of very active contributors at gastric cancer TME, particularly cancer-associated fibroblasts, bone marrow-derived cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and tumor-infiltrating neutrophils, all of them surrounded by an overtime changing extracellular matrix. In addition, the very active cross talk between the components of the tumor microenvironment, defined by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, thus defining the fate of tumor progression, is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Rojas
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile.
| | - Paulina Araya
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Ileana Gonzalez
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Erik Morales
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
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98
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Ionizing radiation attracts tumor targeting and apoptosis by radiotropic lysyl oxidase traceable nanoparticles. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 24:102141. [PMID: 31830613 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is a cell-secreted amine oxidase that crosslinks collagen and elastin in extracellular microenvironment. LOX-traceable nanoparticles (LOXab-NPs) consisting of LOX antibodies (LOXab) and paclitaxel, can accumulate at high concentrations at radiation-treated target sites, as a tumor-targeting drug carrier for chemotherapy. Tumor-targeting and anticancer effects of PLGA based LOXab-NPs in vitro and in vivo were evaluated at radiation-targeted site. In the in vivo A549 lung carcinoma xenograft model, we showed highly specific tumor targeting (above 7.0 times higher) of LOXab-NPs on irradiated tumors. Notably, systemically administered NPs delayed tumor growth, reducing tumor volumes by more than 2 times compared with non-irradiated groups (222% vs. >500%) over 2 weeks. Radiotropic LOXab-NPs can serve as chemotherapeutic vehicles for combined targeted chemo-radiotherapy in clinical oncology.
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99
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Mohan V, Das A, Sagi I. Emerging roles of ECM remodeling processes in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 62:192-200. [PMID: 31518697 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a central and dynamic role in the creation of tumor microenvironment. Herein we discuss the emerging biophysical and biochemical aspects of ECM buildup and proteolysis in cancer niche formation. Dysregulated ECM remodeling by cancer cells facilitate irreversible proteolysis and crosslinking, which in turn influence cell signaling, micro environmental cues, angiogenesis and tissue biomechanics. Further, we introduce the emerging roles of cancer microbiome in aberrant tumor ECM remodeling and membrane bound nano-sized vesicles called exosomes in creation of distant pre-metastatic niches. A detailed molecular and biophysical understanding of the ECM morphologies and its components such as key enzymes, structural and signaling molecules are critical in identifying the next generation of therapeutic and diagnostic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Mohan
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alakesh Das
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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100
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De Luca A, Barile A, Arciello M, Rossi L. Copper homeostasis as target of both consolidated and innovative strategies of anti-tumor therapy. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 55:204-213. [PMID: 31345360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper was reported to be involved in the onset and progression of cancer. Proteins in charge of copper uptake and distribution, as well as cuproenzymes, are altered in cancer. More recently, proteins involved in signaling cascades, regulating cell proliferation, and anti-apoptotic protein factors were found to interact with copper. Therefore, therapeutic strategies using copper complexing molecules have been proposed for cancer therapy and used in clinical trials. OBJECTIVES This review will focus on novel findings about the involvement of copper and cupro-proteins in cancer dissemination process, epithelium to mesenchymal transition and vascularization. Particularly, implication of well-established (e.g. lysil oxidase) or newly identified copper-binding proteins (e.g. MEMO1), as well as their interplay, will be discussed. Moreover, we will describe recently synthesized copper complexes, including plant-derived ones, and their efficacy in contrasting cancer development. CONCLUSIONS The research on the involvement of copper in cancer is still an open field. Further investigation is required to unveil the mechanisms involved in copper delivery to the novel copper-binding proteins, which may identify other possible gene and protein targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Barile
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mario Arciello
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luisa Rossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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