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Steinthorsdottir V, Halldorsson BV, Jonsson H, Palsson G, Oddsson A, Westergaard D, Arnadottir GA, Stefansdottir L, Banasik K, Esplin MS, Hansen TF, Brunak S, Nyegaard M, Ostrowski SR, Pedersen OBV, Erikstrup C, Thorleifsson G, Nadauld LD, Haraldsson A, Steingrimsdottir T, Tryggvadottir L, Jonsdottir I, Gudbjartsson DF, Hoffmann ER, Sulem P, Holm H, Nielsen HS, Stefansson K. Variant in the synaptonemal complex protein SYCE2 associates with pregnancy loss through effect on recombination. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024; 31:710-716. [PMID: 38287193 PMCID: PMC11026158 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Two-thirds of all human conceptions are lost, in most cases before clinical detection. The lack of detailed understanding of the causes of pregnancy losses constrains focused counseling for future pregnancies. We have previously shown that a missense variant in synaptonemal complex central element protein 2 (SYCE2), in a key residue for the assembly of the synaptonemal complex backbone, associates with recombination traits. Here we show that it also increases risk of pregnancy loss in a genome-wide association analysis on 114,761 women with reported pregnancy loss. We further show that the variant associates with more random placement of crossovers and lower recombination rate in longer chromosomes but higher in the shorter ones. These results support the hypothesis that some pregnancy losses are due to failures in recombination. They further demonstrate that variants with a substantial effect on the quality of recombination can be maintained in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bjarni V Halldorsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Technology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - David Westergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Sean Esplin
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Intermountain Health, Murray, UT, USA
| | - Thomas Folkmann Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Headache Center & Danish Multiple Sclerose Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Birger Vesterager Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Asgeir Haraldsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Children's Hospital Iceland, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thora Steingrimsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Laufey Tryggvadottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Cancer Society Research and Registration Center, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Eva R Hoffmann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Henriette Svarre Nielsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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2
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Thorolfsdottir RB, Jonsdottir AB, Sveinbjornsson G, Aegisdottir HM, Oddsson A, Stefansson OA, Halldorsson GH, Saevarsdottir S, Thorleifsson G, Stefansdottir L, Pedersen OB, Sørensen E, Ghouse J, Raja AA, Zheng C, Silajdzija E, Rand SA, Erikstrup C, Ullum H, Mikkelsen C, Banasik K, Brunak S, Ivarsdottir EV, Sigurdsson A, Beyter D, Sturluson A, Einarsson H, Tragante V, Helgason H, Lund SH, Halldorsson BV, Sigurpalsdottir BD, Olafsson I, Arnar DO, Thorgeirsson G, Knowlton KU, Nadauld LD, Gretarsdottir S, Helgadottir A, Ostrowski SR, Gudbjartssson DF, Jonsdottir I, Bundgaard H, Holm H, Sulem P, Stefansson K. Variants at the Interleukin 1 Gene Locus and Pericarditis. JAMA Cardiol 2024; 9:165-172. [PMID: 38150231 PMCID: PMC10753444 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2023.4820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Importance Recurrent pericarditis is a treatment challenge and often a debilitating condition. Drugs inhibiting interleukin 1 cytokines are a promising new treatment option, but their use is based on scarce biological evidence and clinical trials of modest sizes, and the contributions of innate and adaptive immune processes to the pathophysiology are incompletely understood. Objective To use human genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics to shed light on the pathogenesis of pericarditis. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of pericarditis from 5 countries. Associations were examined between the pericarditis-associated variants and pericarditis subtypes (including recurrent pericarditis) and secondary phenotypes. To explore mechanisms, associations with messenger RNA expression (cis-eQTL), plasma protein levels (pQTL), and CpG methylation of DNA (ASM-QTL) were assessed. Data from Iceland (deCODE genetics, 1983-2020), Denmark (Copenhagen Hospital Biobank/Danish Blood Donor Study, 1977-2022), the UK (UK Biobank, 1953-2021), the US (Intermountain, 1996-2022), and Finland (FinnGen, 1970-2022) were included. Data were analyzed from September 2022 to August 2023. Exposure Genotype. Main Outcomes and Measures Pericarditis. Results In this genome-wide association study of 4894 individuals with pericarditis (mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 51.4 [17.9] years, 2734 [67.6%] male, excluding the FinnGen cohort), associations were identified with 2 independent common intergenic variants at the interleukin 1 locus on chromosome 2q14. The lead variant was rs12992780 (T) (effect allele frequency [EAF], 31%-40%; odds ratio [OR], 0.83; 95% CI, 0.79-0.87; P = 6.67 × 10-16), downstream of IL1B and the secondary variant rs7575402 (A or T) (EAF, 45%-55%; adjusted OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.85-0.93; adjusted P = 9.6 × 10-8). The lead variant rs12992780 had a smaller odds ratio for recurrent pericarditis (0.76) than the acute form (0.86) (P for heterogeneity = .03) and rs7575402 was associated with CpG methylation overlapping binding sites of 4 transcription factors known to regulate interleukin 1 production: PU.1 (encoded by SPI1), STAT1, STAT3, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (encoded by CEBPB). Conclusions and Relevance This study found an association between pericarditis and 2 independent sequence variants at the interleukin 1 gene locus. This finding has the potential to contribute to development of more targeted and personalized therapy of pericarditis with interleukin 1-blocking drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gisli H. Halldorsson
- deCODE genetics, Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Saedis Saevarsdottir
- deCODE genetics, Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Ole B. Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Ghouse
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Axelsson Raja
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chaoqun Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elvira Silajdzija
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Albertsen Rand
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Christina Mikkelsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karina Banasik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Hafsteinn Einarsson
- deCODE genetics, Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Hannes Helgason
- deCODE genetics, Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Bjarni V. Halldorsson
- deCODE genetics, Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Technology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Brynja D. Sigurpalsdottir
- deCODE genetics, Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Technology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - David O. Arnar
- deCODE genetics, Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Kirk U. Knowlton
- Intermountain Medical Center, Intermountain Heart Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Lincoln D. Nadauld
- Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, Saint George, Utah
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | | | - Sisse R. Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel F. Gudbjartssson
- deCODE genetics, Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE genetics, Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics, Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics, Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Styrkarsdottir U, Tragante V, Stefansdottir L, Thorleifsson G, Oddsson A, Sørensen E, Erikstrup C, Schwarz P, Jørgensen HL, Lauritzen JB, Brunak S, Knowlton KU, Nadauld LD, Ullum H, Pedersen OBV, Ostrowski SR, Holm H, Gudbjartsson DF, Sulem P, Stefansson K. Obesity variants in the GIPR gene do not associate with risk of fracture or bone mineral density. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023:dgad734. [PMID: 38118020 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the risk of fracture and bone mineral density (BMD) of sequence variants in GIPR that reduce the activity of the GIPR receptor and have been associated with reduced body mass index (BMI). METHODS We analysed the association of three missense variants in GIPR, a common variant, rs1800437 (p.Glu354Gln), and two rare variants, rs139215588 (p.Arg190Gln) and rs143430880 (p.Glu288Gly), as well as a burden of predicted loss of function (LoF) variants with risk of fracture and with BMD in a large meta-analysis of up to 1.2 million participants. We analysed associations with fractures at different skeletal sites in the general population; any fractures, hip fractures, vertebral fractures and forearm fractures, and specifically non-vertebral and osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. We also evaluated associations with BMD at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total body measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and with BMD estimated from heel ultrasound (eBMD). RESULTS None of the three missense variants in GIPR associated significantly with increased risk of fractures or with lower BMD. Burden of LoF variants in GIPR were not associated with fractures or with BMD measured with clinically validated DXA, but associated with eBMD. CONCLUSION Missense variants in GIPR, or burden of LoF variants in the gene, do not associate with risk of fractures or with lower BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Schwarz
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Løvendahl Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Amager Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jes Bruun Lauritzen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Ole Birger Vesterager Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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4
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Jensson BO, Arnadottir GA, Katrinardottir H, Fridriksdottir R, Helgason H, Oddsson A, Sveinbjornsson G, Eggertsson HP, Halldorsson GH, Atlason BA, Jonsson H, Oskarsson GR, Sturluson A, Gudjonsson SA, Thorisson GA, Zink F, Moore KHS, Palsson G, Sigurdsson A, Jonasdottir A, Jonasdottir A, Magnusson MK, Helgadottir A, Steinthorsdottir V, Gudmundsson J, Stacey SN, Hilmarsson R, Olafsson I, Johannsson OT, Arnar DO, Saemundsdottir J, Magnusson OT, Masson G, Halldorsson BV, Helgason A, Stefansson H, Jonsdottir I, Holm H, Rafnar T, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson DF, Stefansson K, Sulem P. Actionable Genotypes and Their Association with Life Span in Iceland. N Engl J Med 2023; 389:1741-1752. [PMID: 37937776 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2300792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2021, the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) recommended reporting actionable genotypes in 73 genes associated with diseases for which preventive or therapeutic measures are available. Evaluations of the association of actionable genotypes in these genes with life span are currently lacking. METHODS We assessed the prevalence of coding and splice variants in genes on the ACMG Secondary Findings, version 3.0 (ACMG SF v3.0), list in the genomes of 57,933 Icelanders. We assigned pathogenicity to all reviewed variants using reported evidence in the ClinVar database, the frequency of variants, and their associations with disease to create a manually curated set of actionable genotypes (variants). We assessed the relationship between these genotypes and life span and further examined the specific causes of death among carriers. RESULTS Through manual curation of 4405 sequence variants in the ACMG SF v3.0 genes, we identified 235 actionable genotypes in 53 genes. Of the 57,933 participants, 2306 (4.0%) carried at least one actionable genotype. We found shorter median survival among persons carrying actionable genotypes than among noncarriers. Specifically, we found that carrying an actionable genotype in a cancer gene was associated with survival that was 3 years shorter than that among noncarriers, with causes of death among carriers attributed primarily to cancer-related conditions. Furthermore, we found evidence of association between carrying an actionable genotype in certain genes in the cardiovascular disease group and a reduced life span. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the ACMG SF v3.0 guidelines, we found that approximately 1 in 25 Icelanders carried an actionable genotype and that carrying such a genotype was associated with a reduced life span. (Funded by deCODE Genetics-Amgen.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brynjar O Jensson
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gudny A Arnadottir
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hildigunnur Katrinardottir
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Run Fridriksdottir
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hannes Helgason
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Asmundur Oddsson
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gardar Sveinbjornsson
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hannes P Eggertsson
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gisli H Halldorsson
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bjarni A Atlason
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hakon Jonsson
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gudjon R Oskarsson
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Arni Sturluson
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sigurjon A Gudjonsson
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gudmundur A Thorisson
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Florian Zink
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kristjan H S Moore
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gunnar Palsson
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Asgeir Sigurdsson
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Adalbjorg Jonasdottir
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Aslaug Jonasdottir
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Magnus K Magnusson
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Anna Helgadottir
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Julius Gudmundsson
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Simon N Stacey
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Rafn Hilmarsson
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Isleifur Olafsson
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Oskar T Johannsson
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - David O Arnar
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jona Saemundsdottir
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Olafur T Magnusson
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gisli Masson
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bjarni V Halldorsson
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Agnar Helgason
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hreinn Stefansson
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorunn Rafnar
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Patrick Sulem
- From deCODE Genetics-Amgen (B.O.J., G.A.A., H.K., R.F., H. Helgason, A.O., G.S., H.P.E., G.H.H., B.A.A., H.J., G.R.O., A. Sturluson, S.A.G., G.A.T., F.Z., K.H.S.M., G.P., A. Sigurdsson, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Aslaug Jonasdottir, M.K.M., A. Helgadottir, V.S., J.G., S.N.S., D.O.A., J.S., O.T.M., G.M., B.V.H., A. Helgason, H.S., I.J., H. Holm, T.R., U.T., D.F.G., K.S., P.S.), the Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (G.A.A., M.K.M., R.H., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.), the Department of Anthropology (K.H.S.M., A. Helgason), and the School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (H. Helgason, G.H.H., D.F.G.), University of Iceland, the Departments of Urology (R.H.), Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Oncology (O.T.J.), Medicine (D.O.A.), and Immunology (I.J.), Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, and the School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University (B.V.H.) - all in Reykjavik, Iceland
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5
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Nethander M, Movérare-Skrtic S, Kämpe A, Coward E, Reimann E, Grahnemo L, Borbély É, Helyes Z, Funck-Brentano T, Cohen-Solal M, Tuukkanen J, Koskela A, Wu J, Li L, Lu T, Gabrielsen ME, Mägi R, Hoff M, Lerner UH, Henning P, Ullum H, Erikstrup C, Brunak S, Langhammer A, Tuomi T, Oddsson A, Stefansson K, Pettersson-Kymmer U, Ostrowski SR, Pedersen OBV, Styrkarsdottir U, Mäkitie O, Hveem K, Richards JB, Ohlsson C. An atlas of genetic determinants of forearm fracture. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1820-1830. [PMID: 37919453 PMCID: PMC10632131 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporotic fracture is among the most common and costly of diseases. While reasonably heritable, its genetic determinants have remained elusive. Forearm fractures are the most common clinically recognized osteoporotic fractures with a relatively high heritability. To establish an atlas of the genetic determinants of forearm fractures, we performed genome-wide association analyses including 100,026 forearm fracture cases. We identified 43 loci, including 26 new fracture loci. Although most fracture loci associated with bone mineral density, we also identified loci that primarily regulate bone quality parameters. Functional studies of one such locus, at TAC4, revealed that Tac4-/- mice have reduced mechanical bone strength. The strongest forearm fracture signal, at WNT16, displayed remarkable bone-site-specificity with no association with hip fractures. Tall stature and low body mass index were identified as new causal risk factors for fractures. The insights from this atlas may improve fracture prediction and enable therapeutic development to prevent fractures.
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Grants
- Wellcome Trust
- IngaBritt och Arne Lundbergs Forskningsstiftelse (Ingabritt and Arne Lundberg Research Foundation)
- Novo Nordisk Fonden (Novo Nordisk Foundation)
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse (Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation)
- the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF-agreement (ALFGBG-720331 and ALFGBG-965235)
- the Hungarian Brain research Program 3.0, Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office (OTKA K- 138046, OTKA FK-137951, TKP2021-EGA-16), New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology (ÚNKP-22-5-PTE-1447), János Bolyai János Scholarship (BO/00496/21/5) of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eotvos Lorad Research Network, National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development.
- Vetenskapsrådet (Swedish Research Council)
- Svenska Läkaresällskapet (Swedish Society of Medicine)
- Kempestiftelserna (Kempe Foundations)
- the Swedish Sports Research Council (87/06) the Medical Faculty of Umeå University (ALFVLL:968:22-2005, ALFVLL: 937-2006, ALFVLL:223:11-2007, ALFVLL:78151-2009) the county council of Västerbotten (Spjutspetsanslag VLL:159:33-2007)
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nethander
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Movérare-Skrtic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Kämpe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eivind Coward
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ene Reimann
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Louise Grahnemo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Éva Borbély
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Budapest, Hungary
- Eotvos Lorand Research Network, Chronic Pain Research Group, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Thomas Funck-Brentano
- BIOSCAR UMRS 1132, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- BIOSCAR UMRS 1132, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Juha Tuukkanen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Koskela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jianyao Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tianyuan Lu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maiken E Gabrielsen
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mari Hoff
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Rheumatology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulf H Lerner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Henning
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen Hospital Biobank Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Birger Vesterager Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark
| | | | - Outi Mäkitie
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Children's Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, and Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - J Brent Richards
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Drug Treatment, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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6
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Bjornsdottir G, Chalmer MA, Stefansdottir L, Skuladottir AT, Einarsson G, Andresdottir M, Beyter D, Ferkingstad E, Gretarsdottir S, Halldorsson BV, Halldorsson GH, Helgadottir A, Helgason H, Hjorleifsson Eldjarn G, Jonasdottir A, Jonasdottir A, Jonsdottir I, Knowlton KU, Nadauld LD, Lund SH, Magnusson OT, Melsted P, Moore KHS, Oddsson A, Olason PI, Sigurdsson A, Stefansson OA, Saemundsdottir J, Sveinbjornsson G, Tragante V, Unnsteinsdottir U, Walters GB, Zink F, Rødevand L, Andreassen OA, Igland J, Lie RT, Haavik J, Banasik K, Brunak S, Didriksen M, T Bruun M, Erikstrup C, Kogelman LJA, Nielsen KR, Sørensen E, Pedersen OB, Ullum H, Masson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Olesen J, Ludvigsson P, Thorarensen O, Bjornsdottir A, Sigurdardottir GR, Sveinsson OA, Ostrowski SR, Holm H, Gudbjartsson DF, Thorleifsson G, Sulem P, Stefansson H, Thorgeirsson TE, Hansen TF, Stefansson K. Rare variants with large effects provide functional insights into the pathology of migraine subtypes, with and without aura. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1843-1853. [PMID: 37884687 PMCID: PMC10632135 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Migraine is a complex neurovascular disease with a range of severity and symptoms, yet mostly studied as one phenotype in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Here we combine large GWAS datasets from six European populations to study the main migraine subtypes, migraine with aura (MA) and migraine without aura (MO). We identified four new MA-associated variants (in PRRT2, PALMD, ABO and LRRK2) and classified 13 MO-associated variants. Rare variants with large effects highlight three genes. A rare frameshift variant in brain-expressed PRRT2 confers large risk of MA and epilepsy, but not MO. A burden test of rare loss-of-function variants in SCN11A, encoding a neuron-expressed sodium channel with a key role in pain sensation, shows strong protection against migraine. Finally, a rare variant with cis-regulatory effects on KCNK5 confers large protection against migraine and brain aneurysms. Our findings offer new insights with therapeutic potential into the complex biology of migraine and its subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mona A Chalmer
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bjarni V Halldorsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Reykjavik University, School of Technology, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gisli H Halldorsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Hannes Helgason
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Sigrun H Lund
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Physical Sciences, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Pall Melsted
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Linn Rødevand
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jannicke Igland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Health and Social Science, Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Western Norway University of Applied Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolv T Lie
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Didriksen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mie T Bruun
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lisette J A Kogelman
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaspar R Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole B Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jes Olesen
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petur Ludvigsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Landspitali University Hostpital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Olafur Thorarensen
- Department of Pediatrics, Landspitali University Hostpital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Olafur A Sveinsson
- Laeknasetrid Clinic, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Neurology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sisse R Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas F Hansen
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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7
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Eldjarn GH, Ferkingstad E, Lund SH, Helgason H, Magnusson OT, Gunnarsdottir K, Olafsdottir TA, Halldorsson BV, Olason PI, Zink F, Gudjonsson SA, Sveinbjornsson G, Magnusson MI, Helgason A, Oddsson A, Halldorsson GH, Magnusson MK, Saevarsdottir S, Eiriksdottir T, Masson G, Stefansson H, Jonsdottir I, Holm H, Rafnar T, Melsted P, Saemundsdottir J, Norddahl GL, Thorleifsson G, Ulfarsson MO, Gudbjartsson DF, Thorsteinsdottir U, Sulem P, Stefansson K. Large-scale plasma proteomics comparisons through genetics and disease associations. Nature 2023; 622:348-358. [PMID: 37794188 PMCID: PMC10567571 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput proteomics platforms measuring thousands of proteins in plasma combined with genomic and phenotypic information have the power to bridge the gap between the genome and diseases. Here we performed association studies of Olink Explore 3072 data generated by the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project1 on plasma samples from more than 50,000 UK Biobank participants with phenotypic and genotypic data, stratifying on British or Irish, African and South Asian ancestries. We compared the results with those of a SomaScan v4 study on plasma from 36,000 Icelandic people2, for 1,514 of whom Olink data were also available. We found modest correlation between the two platforms. Although cis protein quantitative trait loci were detected for a similar absolute number of assays on the two platforms (2,101 on Olink versus 2,120 on SomaScan), the proportion of assays with such supporting evidence for assay performance was higher on the Olink platform (72% versus 43%). A considerable number of proteins had genomic associations that differed between the platforms. We provide examples where differences between platforms may influence conclusions drawn from the integration of protein levels with the study of diseases. We demonstrate how leveraging the diverse ancestries of participants in the UK Biobank helps to detect novel associations and refine genomic location. Our results show the value of the information provided by the two most commonly used high-throughput proteomics platforms and demonstrate the differences between them that at times provides useful complementarity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sigrun H Lund
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hannes Helgason
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Bjarni V Halldorsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Technology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Agnar Helgason
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Anthropology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Magnus K Magnusson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Saedis Saevarsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Pall Melsted
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Magnus O Ulfarsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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8
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Sveinbjornsson G, Benediktsdottir BD, Sigfusson G, Norland K, Davidsson OB, Thorolfsdottir RB, Tragante V, Arnadottir GA, Jensson BO, Katrinardottir H, Fridriksdottir R, Gudmundsdottir H, Aegisdottir HM, Fridriksson B, Thorgeirsson G, Magnusson V, Oddsson A, Sulem P, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Arnar DO, Stefansson K. Screening for Rare Coding Variants That Associate With the QTc Interval in Iceland. J Am Heart Assoc 2023:e029845. [PMID: 37449562 PMCID: PMC10382112 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.029845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Long-QT syndrome (LQTS) is a cardiac repolarization abnormality that can lead to sudden cardiac death. The most common causes are rare coding variants in the genes KCNQ1, KCNH2, and SCN5A. The data on LQTS epidemiology are limited, and information on expressivity and penetrance of pathogenic variants is sparse. Methods and Results We screened for rare coding variants associated with the corrected QT (QTc) interval in Iceland. We explored the frequency of the identified variants, their penetrance, and their association with severe events. Twelve variants were associated with the QTc interval. Five in KCNQ1, 3 in KCNH2, 2 in cardiomyopathy genes MYBPC3 and PKP2, and 2 in genes where coding variants have not been associated with the QTc interval, ISOC1 and MYOM2. The combined carrier frequency of the 8 variants in the previously known LQTS genes was 530 per 100 000 individuals (1:190). p.Tyr315Cys and p.Leu273Phe in KCNQ1 were associated with having a mean QTc interval longer than 500 ms (P=4.2×10-7; odds ratio [OR], 38.6; P=8.4×10-10, OR, 26.5; respectively), and p.Leu273Phe was associated with sudden cardiac death (P=0.0034; OR, 2.99). p.Val215Met in KCNQ1 was carried by 1 in 280 Icelanders, had a smaller effect on the QTc interval (P=1.8×10-44; effect, 22.8 ms), and did not associate with severe clinical events. Conclusions The carrier frequency of associating variants in LQTS genes was higher than previous estimates of the prevalence of LQTS. The variants have variable effects on the QTc interval, and carriers of p.Tyr315Cys and p.Leu273Phe have a more severe disease than carriers of p.Val215Met. These data could lead to improved identification, risk stratification, and a more precise clinical approach to those with QTc prolongation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bara D Benediktsdottir
- Internal Medicine, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland
| | - Gunnlaugur Sigfusson
- Children's Medical Center Landspítali-The National University Hospital of Iceland Reykjavík Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vidar Magnusson
- The Capital District Fire and Rescue Service Reykjavik Iceland
- Department of Anesthesia, Landspitali The National University Hospital of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland
| | | | | | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc. Reykjavik Iceland
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc. Reykjavik Iceland
| | - David O Arnar
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc. Reykjavik Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland
- Cardiovascular Center, Landspitali The National University Hospital of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland
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9
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Kristjansson RP, Oskarsson GR, Skuladottir A, Oddsson A, Rognvaldsson S, Sveinbjornsson G, Lund SH, Jensson BO, Styrmisdottir EL, Halldorsson GH, Ferkingstad E, Eldjarn GH, Beyter D, Kristmundsdottir S, Juliusson K, Fridriksdottir R, Arnadottir GA, Katrinardottir H, Snorradottir MH, Tragante V, Stefansdottir L, Ivarsdottir EV, Bjornsdottir G, Halldorsson BV, Thorleifsson G, Ludviksson BR, Onundarson PT, Saevarsdottir S, Melsted P, Norddahl GL, Bjornsdottir US, Olafsdottir T, Gudbjartsson DF, Thorsteinsdottir U, Jonsdottir I, Sulem P, Stefansson K. Sequence variant affects GCSAML splicing, mast cell specific proteins, and risk of urticaria. Commun Biol 2023; 6:703. [PMID: 37430141 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Urticaria is a skin disorder characterized by outbreaks of raised pruritic wheals. In order to identify sequence variants associated with urticaria, we performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for urticaria with a total of 40,694 cases and 1,230,001 controls from Iceland, the UK, Finland, and Japan. We also performed transcriptome- and proteome-wide analyses in Iceland and the UK. We found nine sequence variants at nine loci associating with urticaria. The variants are at genes participating in type 2 immune responses and/or mast cell biology (CBLB, FCER1A, GCSAML, STAT6, TPSD1, ZFPM1), the innate immunity (C4), and NF-κB signaling. The most significant association was observed for the splice-donor variant rs56043070[A] (hg38: chr1:247556467) in GCSAML (MAF = 6.6%, OR = 1.24 (95%CI: 1.20-1.28), P-value = 3.6 × 10-44). We assessed the effects of the variants on transcripts, and levels of proteins relevant to urticaria pathophysiology. Our results emphasize the role of type 2 immune response and mast cell activation in the pathogenesis of urticaria. Our findings may point to an IgE-independent urticaria pathway that could help address unmet clinical need.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gudjon R Oskarsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Snædis Kristmundsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Erna V Ivarsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Bjarni V Halldorsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Bjorn R Ludviksson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Pall T Onundarson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Saedis Saevarsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Pall Melsted
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Unnur S Bjornsdottir
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- The Medical Center Mjodd, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorunn Olafsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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10
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Oddsson A, Sulem P, Sveinbjornsson G, Arnadottir GA, Steinthorsdottir V, Halldorsson GH, Atlason BA, Oskarsson GR, Helgason H, Nielsen HS, Westergaard D, Karjalainen JM, Katrinardottir H, Fridriksdottir R, Jensson BO, Tragante V, Ferkingstad E, Jonsson H, Gudjonsson SA, Beyter D, Moore KHS, Thordardottir HB, Kristmundsdottir S, Stefansson OA, Rantapää-Dahlqvist S, Sonderby IE, Didriksen M, Stridh P, Haavik J, Tryggvadottir L, Frei O, Walters GB, Kockum I, Hjalgrim H, Olafsdottir TA, Selbaek G, Nyegaard M, Erikstrup C, Brodersen T, Saevarsdottir S, Olsson T, Nielsen KR, Haraldsson A, Bruun MT, Hansen TF, Steingrimsdottir T, Jacobsen RL, Lie RT, Djurovic S, Alfredsson L, Lopez de Lapuente Portilla A, Brunak S, Melsted P, Halldorsson BV, Saemundsdottir J, Magnusson OT, Padyukov L, Banasik K, Rafnar T, Askling J, Klareskog L, Pedersen OB, Masson G, Havdahl A, Nilsson B, Andreassen OA, Daly M, Ostrowski SR, Jonsdottir I, Stefansson H, Holm H, Helgason A, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Gudbjartsson DF. Publisher Correction: Deficit of homozygosity among 1.52 million individuals and genetic causes of recessive lethality. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3923. [PMID: 37400429 PMCID: PMC10318025 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39492-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gudny A Arnadottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Henriette Svarre Nielsen
- Deptartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Westergaard
- Deptartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Methods and Analysis, Statistics Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juha M Karjalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kristjan H S Moore
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Anthropology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Helga B Thordardottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Ida Elken Sonderby
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Didriksen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernilla Stridh
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bergen Center of Brain Plasticity, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Laufey Tryggvadottir
- Icelandic Cancer Registry, Icelandic Cancer Society, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, BMC, Laeknagardur, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ingrid Kockum
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hjalgrim
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Geir Selbaek
- Norwegian National Centre of Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tonsberg, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- Deptartment of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thorsten Brodersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Koge, Denmark
| | - Saedis Saevarsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaspar Rene Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Asgeir Haraldsson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Children's Hospital Iceland, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Mie Topholm Bruun
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Folkmann Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Thora Steingrimsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Rikke Louise Jacobsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rolv T Lie
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Soren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pall Melsted
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bjarni V Halldorsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Leonid Padyukov
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Johan Askling
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Klareskog
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ole Birger Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Koge, Denmark
| | | | - Alexandra Havdahl
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjorn Nilsson
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mark Daly
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Deptartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Agnar Helgason
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Anthropology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
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11
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Oddsson A, Sulem P, Sveinbjornsson G, Arnadottir GA, Steinthorsdottir V, Halldorsson GH, Atlason BA, Oskarsson GR, Helgason H, Nielsen HS, Westergaard D, Karjalainen JM, Katrinardottir H, Fridriksdottir R, Jensson BO, Tragante V, Ferkingstad E, Jonsson H, Gudjonsson SA, Beyter D, Moore KHS, Thordardottir HB, Kristmundsdottir S, Stefansson OA, Rantapää-Dahlqvist S, Sonderby IE, Didriksen M, Stridh P, Haavik J, Tryggvadottir L, Frei O, Walters GB, Kockum I, Hjalgrim H, Olafsdottir TA, Selbaek G, Nyegaard M, Erikstrup C, Brodersen T, Saevarsdottir S, Olsson T, Nielsen KR, Haraldsson A, Bruun MT, Hansen TF, Steingrimsdottir T, Jacobsen RL, Lie RT, Djurovic S, Alfredsson L, Lopez de Lapuente Portilla A, Brunak S, Melsted P, Halldorsson BV, Saemundsdottir J, Magnusson OT, Padyukov L, Banasik K, Rafnar T, Askling J, Klareskog L, Pedersen OB, Masson G, Havdahl A, Nilsson B, Andreassen OA, Daly M, Ostrowski SR, Jonsdottir I, Stefansson H, Holm H, Helgason A, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Gudbjartsson DF. Deficit of homozygosity among 1.52 million individuals and genetic causes of recessive lethality. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3453. [PMID: 37301908 PMCID: PMC10257723 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Genotypes causing pregnancy loss and perinatal mortality are depleted among living individuals and are therefore difficult to find. To explore genetic causes of recessive lethality, we searched for sequence variants with deficit of homozygosity among 1.52 million individuals from six European populations. In this study, we identified 25 genes harboring protein-altering sequence variants with a strong deficit of homozygosity (10% or less of predicted homozygotes). Sequence variants in 12 of the genes cause Mendelian disease under a recessive mode of inheritance, two under a dominant mode, but variants in the remaining 11 have not been reported to cause disease. Sequence variants with a strong deficit of homozygosity are over-represented among genes essential for growth of human cell lines and genes orthologous to mouse genes known to affect viability. The function of these genes gives insight into the genetics of intrauterine lethality. We also identified 1077 genes with homozygous predicted loss-of-function genotypes not previously described, bringing the total set of genes completely knocked out in humans to 4785.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gudny A Arnadottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Henriette Svarre Nielsen
- Deptartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Westergaard
- Deptartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Methods and Analysis, Statistics Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juha M Karjalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kristjan H S Moore
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Anthropology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Helga B Thordardottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Ida Elken Sonderby
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Didriksen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernilla Stridh
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bergen Center of Brain Plasticity, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Laufey Tryggvadottir
- Icelandic Cancer Registry, Icelandic Cancer Society, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, BMC, Laeknagardur, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ingrid Kockum
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hjalgrim
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Geir Selbaek
- Norwegian National Centre of Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tonsberg, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- Deptartment of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thorsten Brodersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Koge, Denmark
| | - Saedis Saevarsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaspar Rene Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Asgeir Haraldsson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Children's Hospital Iceland, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Mie Topholm Bruun
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Folkmann Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Thora Steingrimsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Rikke Louise Jacobsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rolv T Lie
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Soren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pall Melsted
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bjarni V Halldorsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Leonid Padyukov
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Johan Askling
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Klareskog
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ole Birger Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Koge, Denmark
| | | | - Alexandra Havdahl
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjorn Nilsson
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mark Daly
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Deptartment of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Agnar Helgason
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Anthropology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
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12
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Aegisdottir HM, Thorolfsdottir RB, Sveinbjornsson G, Stefansson OA, Gunnarsson B, Tragante V, Thorleifsson G, Stefansdottir L, Thorgeirsson TE, Ferkingstad E, Sulem P, Norddahl G, Rutsdottir G, Banasik K, Christensen AH, Mikkelsen C, Pedersen OB, Brunak S, Bruun MT, Erikstrup C, Jacobsen RL, Nielsen KR, Sørensen E, Frigge ML, Hjorleifsson KE, Ivarsdottir EV, Helgadottir A, Gretarsdottir S, Steinthorsdottir V, Oddsson A, Eggertsson HP, Halldorsson GH, Jones DA, Anderson JL, Knowlton KU, Nadauld LD, Haraldsson M, Thorgeirsson G, Bundgaard H, Arnar DO, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson DF, Ostrowski SR, Holm H, Stefansson K. Genetic variants associated with syncope implicate neural and autonomic processes. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:1070-1080. [PMID: 36747475 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Syncope is a common and clinically challenging condition. In this study, the genetics of syncope were investigated to seek knowledge about its pathophysiology and prognostic implications. METHODS AND RESULTS This genome-wide association meta-analysis included 56 071 syncope cases and 890 790 controls from deCODE genetics (Iceland), UK Biobank (United Kingdom), and Copenhagen Hospital Biobank Cardiovascular Study/Danish Blood Donor Study (Denmark), with a follow-up assessment of variants in 22 412 cases and 286 003 controls from Intermountain (Utah, USA) and FinnGen (Finland). The study yielded 18 independent syncope variants, 17 of which were novel. One of the variants, p.Ser140Thr in PTPRN2, affected syncope only when maternally inherited. Another variant associated with a vasovagal reaction during blood donation and five others with heart rate and/or blood pressure regulation, with variable directions of effects. None of the 18 associations could be attributed to cardiovascular or other disorders. Annotation with regard to regulatory elements indicated that the syncope variants were preferentially located in neural-specific regulatory regions. Mendelian randomization analysis supported a causal effect of coronary artery disease on syncope. A polygenic score (PGS) for syncope captured genetic correlation with cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, depression, and shortened lifespan. However, a score based solely on the 18 syncope variants performed similarly to the PGS in detecting syncope risk but did not associate with other disorders. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that syncope has a distinct genetic architecture that implicates neural regulatory processes and a complex relationship with heart rate and blood pressure regulation. A shared genetic background with poor cardiovascular health was observed, supporting the importance of a thorough assessment of individuals presenting with syncope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildur M Aegisdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Egil Ferkingstad
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | | | | | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Alex Hoerby Christensen
- The Unit for Inherited Cardiac Diseases, Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 1, Herlev 2730, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Christina Mikkelsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Ole Birger Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital - Køge, Lykkebækvej 1, Køge 4600, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Mie Topholm Bruun
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Rikke Louise Jacobsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Kaspar Rene Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Urbansgade 32, Aalborg 9000, Denmark
| | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Michael L Frigge
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | | | | | - Anna Helgadottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | | | | | - Asmundur Oddsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | | | | | - David A Jones
- Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, 600 S. Medical Center Drive, Saint George, UT 84790, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Anderson
- Intermountain Medical Center, Intermountain Heart Institute, 5171 S. Cottonwood Street Building 1, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, 30 N 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Kirk U Knowlton
- Intermountain Medical Center, Intermountain Heart Institute, 5171 S. Cottonwood Street Building 1, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, 30 N 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Lincoln D Nadauld
- Precision Genomics, Intermountain Healthcare, 600 S. Medical Center Drive, Saint George, UT 84790, USA
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Magnus Haraldsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Department of Psychiatry, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Gudmundur Thorgeirsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- The Capital Regions Unit for Inherited Cardiac Diseases, Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - David O Arnar
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Hjardarhagi 4, Reykjavik 107, Iceland
| | - Sisse R Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
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13
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Uglebjerg N, Ahmadizar F, Aly DM, Cañadas-Garre M, Hill C, Naber A, Oddsson A, Singh SS, Smyth L, Trégouët DA, Chaker L, Ghanbari M, Steinthorsdottir V, Ahlqvist E, Hadjadj S, Van Hoek M, Kavousi M, McKnight AJ, Sijbrands EJ, Stefansson K, Simons M, Rossing P, Ahluwalia TS. Four missense genetic variants in CUBN are associated with higher levels of eGFR in non-diabetes but not in diabetes mellitus or its subtypes: A genetic association study in Europeans. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1081741. [PMID: 36926036 PMCID: PMC10011651 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1081741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Rare genetic variants in the CUBN gene encoding the main albumin-transporter in the proximal tubule of the kidneys have previously been associated with microalbuminuria and higher urine albumin levels, also in diabetes. Sequencing studies in isolated proteinuria suggest that these variants might not affect kidney function, despite proteinuria. However, the relation of these CUBN missense variants to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is largely unexplored. We hereby broadly examine the associations between four CUBN missense variants and eGFRcreatinine in Europeans with Type 1 (T1D) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Furthermore, we sought to deepen our understanding of these variants in a range of single- and aggregate- variant analyses of other kidney-related traits in individuals with and without diabetes mellitus. METHODS We carried out a genetic association-based linear regression analysis between four CUBN missense variants (rs141640975, rs144360241, rs45551835, rs1801239) and eGFRcreatinine (ml/min/1.73 m2, CKD-EPIcreatinine(2012), natural log-transformed) in populations with T1D (n ~ 3,588) or T2D (n ~ 31,155) from multiple European studies and in individuals without diabetes from UK Biobank (UKBB, n ~ 370,061) with replication in deCODE (n = 127,090). Summary results of the diabetes-group were meta-analyzed using the fixed-effect inverse-variance method. RESULTS Albeit we did not observe associations between eGFRcreatinine and CUBN in the diabetes-group, we found significant positive associations between the minor alleles of all four variants and eGFRcreatinine in the UKBB individuals without diabetes with rs141640975 being the strongest (Effect=0.02, PeGFR_creatinine=2.2 × 10-9). We replicated the findings for rs141640975 in the Icelandic non-diabetes population (Effect=0.026, PeGFR_creatinine=7.7 × 10-4). For rs141640975, the eGFRcreatinine-association showed significant interaction with albuminuria levels (normo-, micro-, and macroalbuminuria; p = 0.03). An aggregated genetic risk score (GRS) was associated with higher urine albumin levels and eGFRcreatinine. The rs141640975 variant was also associated with higher levels of eGFRcreatinine-cystatin C (ml/min/1.73 m2, CKD-EPI2021, natural log-transformed) and lower circulating cystatin C levels. CONCLUSIONS The positive associations between the four CUBN missense variants and eGFR in a large population without diabetes suggests a pleiotropic role of CUBN as a novel eGFR-locus in addition to it being a known albuminuria-locus. Additional associations with diverse renal function measures (lower cystatin C and higher eGFRcreatinine-cystatin C levels) and a CUBN-focused GRS further suggests an important role of CUBN in the future personalization of chronic kidney disease management in people without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoline Uglebjerg
- Complications Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Fariba Ahmadizar
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Data Science & Biostatistics, Julius Global Health, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dina M. Aly
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marisa Cañadas-Garre
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Claire Hill
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Annemieke Naber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Sunny S. Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura Smyth
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Layal Chaker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Samy Hadjadj
- Nantes Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Mandy Van Hoek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Amy Jayne McKnight
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Eric J. Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics, Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Matias Simons
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Rossing
- Complications Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia
- Complications Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- The Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia,
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14
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Saevarsdottir S, Stefansdottir L, Sulem P, Thorleifsson G, Ferkingstad E, Rutsdottir G, Glintborg B, Westerlind H, Grondal G, Loft IC, Sorensen SB, Lie BA, Brink M, Ärlestig L, Arnthorsson AO, Baecklund E, Banasik K, Bank S, Bjorkman LI, Ellingsen T, Erikstrup C, Frei O, Gjertsson I, Gudbjartsson DF, Gudjonsson SA, Halldorsson GH, Hendricks O, Hillert J, Hogdall E, Jacobsen S, Jensen DV, Jonsson H, Kastbom A, Kockum I, Kristensen S, Kristjansdottir H, Larsen MH, Linauskas A, Hauge EM, Loft AG, Ludviksson BR, Lund SH, Markusson T, Masson G, Melsted P, Moore KHS, Munk H, Nielsen KR, Norddahl GL, Oddsson A, Olafsdottir TA, Olason PI, Olsson T, Ostrowski SR, Hørslev-Petersen K, Rognvaldsson S, Sanner H, Silberberg GN, Stefansson H, Sørensen E, Sørensen IJ, Turesson C, Bergman T, Alfredsson L, Kvien TK, Brunak S, Steinsson K, Andersen V, Andreassen OA, Rantapää-Dahlqvist S, Hetland ML, Klareskog L, Askling J, Padyukov L, Pedersen OB, Thorsteinsdottir U, Jonsdottir I, Stefansson K. Multiomics analysis of rheumatoid arthritis yields sequence variants that have large effects on risk of the seropositive subset. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:1085-1095. [PMID: 35470158 PMCID: PMC9279832 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To find causal genes for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its seropositive (RF and/or ACPA positive) and seronegative subsets. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 31 313 RA cases (68% seropositive) and ~1 million controls from Northwestern Europe. We searched for causal genes outside the HLA-locus through effect on coding, mRNA expression in several tissues and/or levels of plasma proteins (SomaScan) and did network analysis (Qiagen). RESULTS We found 25 sequence variants for RA overall, 33 for seropositive and 2 for seronegative RA, altogether 37 sequence variants at 34 non-HLA loci, of which 15 are novel. Genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of these yielded 25 causal genes in seropositive RA and additional two overall. Most encode proteins in the network of interferon-alpha/beta and IL-12/23 that signal through the JAK/STAT-pathway. Highlighting those with largest effect on seropositive RA, a rare missense variant in STAT4 (rs140675301-A) that is independent of reported non-coding STAT4-variants, increases the risk of seropositive RA 2.27-fold (p=2.1×10-9), more than the rs2476601-A missense variant in PTPN22 (OR=1.59, p=1.3×10-160). STAT4 rs140675301-A replaces hydrophilic glutamic acid with hydrophobic valine (Glu128Val) in a conserved, surface-exposed loop. A stop-mutation (rs76428106-C) in FLT3 increases seropositive RA risk (OR=1.35, p=6.6×10-11). Independent missense variants in TYK2 (rs34536443-C, rs12720356-C, rs35018800-A, latter two novel) associate with decreased risk of seropositive RA (ORs=0.63-0.87, p=10-9-10-27) and decreased plasma levels of interferon-alpha/beta receptor 1 that signals through TYK2/JAK1/STAT4. CONCLUSION Sequence variants pointing to causal genes in the JAK/STAT pathway have largest effect on seropositive RA, while associations with seronegative RA remain scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saedis Saevarsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland .,Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Medicine, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bente Glintborg
- The DANBIO registry, the Danish Rheumatologic Biobank and Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helga Westerlind
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerdur Grondal
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Medicine, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Isabella C Loft
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Signe Bek Sorensen
- Molecular Diagnostics and Clinical Research Unit, IRS-Center Sonderjylland, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Benedicte A Lie
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mikael Brink
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lisbeth Ärlestig
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Rheumatology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Eva Baecklund
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Bank
- Molecular Diagnostics and Clinical Research Unit, IRS-Center Sonderjylland, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Lena I Bjorkman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Torkell Ellingsen
- OPEN Explorative Network, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Rheumatology Research Unit, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Gjertsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Gisli H Halldorsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Oliver Hendricks
- Danish Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Sønderborg, Denmark.,Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Hillert
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Estrid Hogdall
- Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Jacobsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Lupus and Vasculitis Clinic, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte Vendelbo Jensen
- Department of Rheumatology, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Gentofte and Herlev Hospital, Rønne, Denmark
| | - Helgi Jonsson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Medicine, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Alf Kastbom
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Salome Kristensen
- Department of Rheumatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Helga Kristjansdottir
- Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Margit H Larsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asta Linauskas
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Hjørring, Denmark
| | - Ellen-Margrethe Hauge
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne G Loft
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bjorn R Ludviksson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Immunology, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Thorsteinn Markusson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Pall Melsted
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Heidi Munk
- OPEN Explorative Network, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Rheumatology Research Unit, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kaspar R Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Thorunn A Olafsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Hørslev-Petersen
- Danish Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | | | - Helga Sanner
- Section of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gilad N Silberberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inge J Sørensen
- Copenhagen Lupus and Vasculitis Clinic, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carl Turesson
- Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Thomas Bergman
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tore K Kvien
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristján Steinsson
- Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Vibeke Andersen
- Molecular Diagnostics and Clinical Research Unit, IRS-Center Sonderjylland, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark.,OPEN Explorative Network, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Merete Lund Hetland
- The DANBIO registry, the Danish Rheumatologic Biobank and Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Centre for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Klareskog
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Askling
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonid Padyukov
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ole Bv Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Immunology, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland .,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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15
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Halldorsson BV, Eggertsson HP, Moore KHS, Hauswedell H, Eiriksson O, Ulfarsson MO, Palsson G, Hardarson MT, Oddsson A, Jensson BO, Kristmundsdottir S, Sigurpalsdottir BD, Stefansson OA, Beyter D, Holley G, Tragante V, Gylfason A, Olason PI, Zink F, Asgeirsdottir M, Sverrisson ST, Sigurdsson B, Gudjonsson SA, Sigurdsson GT, Halldorsson GH, Sveinbjornsson G, Norland K, Styrkarsdottir U, Magnusdottir DN, Snorradottir S, Kristinsson K, Sobech E, Jonsson H, Geirsson AJ, Olafsson I, Jonsson P, Pedersen OB, Erikstrup C, Brunak S, Ostrowski SR, Thorleifsson G, Jonsson F, Melsted P, Jonsdottir I, Rafnar T, Holm H, Stefansson H, Saemundsdottir J, Gudbjartsson DF, Magnusson OT, Masson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Helgason A, Jonsson H, Sulem P, Stefansson K. The sequences of 150,119 genomes in the UK Biobank. Nature 2022; 607:732-740. [PMID: 35859178 PMCID: PMC9329122 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04965-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Detailed knowledge of how diversity in the sequence of the human genome affects phenotypic diversity depends on a comprehensive and reliable characterization of both sequences and phenotypic variation. Over the past decade, insights into this relationship have been obtained from whole-exome sequencing or whole-genome sequencing of large cohorts with rich phenotypic data1,2. Here we describe the analysis of whole-genome sequencing of 150,119 individuals from the UK Biobank3. This constitutes a set of high-quality variants, including 585,040,410 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, representing 7.0% of all possible human single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and 58,707,036 indels. This large set of variants allows us to characterize selection based on sequence variation within a population through a depletion rank score of windows along the genome. Depletion rank analysis shows that coding exons represent a small fraction of regions in the genome subject to strong sequence conservation. We define three cohorts within the UK Biobank: a large British Irish cohort, a smaller African cohort and a South Asian cohort. A haplotype reference panel is provided that allows reliable imputation of most variants carried by three or more sequenced individuals. We identified 895,055 structural variants and 2,536,688 microsatellites, groups of variants typically excluded from large-scale whole-genome sequencing studies. Using this formidable new resource, we provide several examples of trait associations for rare variants with large effects not found previously through studies based on whole-exome sequencing and/or imputation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjarni V Halldorsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland. .,School of Technology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | | | | | | | | | - Magnus O Ulfarsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Marteinn T Hardarson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Technology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Snaedis Kristmundsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Technology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Brynja D Sigurpalsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Technology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Helgi Jonsson
- Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Palmi Jonsson
- Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ole Birger Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Clinical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Pall Melsted
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Agnar Helgason
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Anthropology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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16
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Skuladottir AT, Bjornsdottir G, Ferkingstad E, Einarsson G, Stefansdottir L, Nawaz MS, Oddsson A, Olafsdottir TA, Saevarsdottir S, Walters GB, Magnusson SH, Bjornsdottir A, Sveinsson OA, Vikingsson A, Hansen TF, Jacobsen RL, Erikstrup C, Schwinn M, Brunak S, Banasik K, Ostrowski SR, Troelsen A, Henkel C, Pedersen OB, Jonsdottir I, Gudbjartsson DF, Sulem P, Thorgeirsson TE, Stefansson H, Stefansson K. A genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 50 genetic loci associated with carpal tunnel syndrome. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1598. [PMID: 35332129 PMCID: PMC8948232 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29133-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy and has a largely unknown underlying biology. In a genome-wide association study of CTS (48,843 cases and 1,190,837 controls), we found 53 sequence variants at 50 loci associated with the syndrome. The most significant association is with a missense variant (p.Glu366Lys) in SERPINA1 that protects against CTS (P = 2.9 × 10-24, OR = 0.76). Through various functional analyses, we conclude that at least 22 genes mediate CTS risk and highlight the role of 19 CTS variants in the biology of the extracellular matrix. We show that the genetic component to the risk is higher in bilateral/recurrent/persistent cases than nonrecurrent/nonpersistent cases. Anthropometric traits including height and BMI are genetically correlated with CTS, in addition to early hormonal-replacement therapy, osteoarthritis, and restlessness. Our findings suggest that the components of the extracellular matrix play a key role in the pathogenesis of CTS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Muhammad Sulaman Nawaz
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Saedis Saevarsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - G Bragi Walters
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Arnor Vikingsson
- Landspitali-the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thomas Folkmann Hansen
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Louise Jacobsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Schwinn
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Troelsen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAG ROAD - Research OsteoArthritis Denmark, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Henkel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CORH, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Ole Birger Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital-Køge, Køge, Denmark.
| | | | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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17
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Bjornsdottir G, Stefansdottir L, Thorleifsson G, Sulem P, Norland K, Ferkingstad E, Oddsson A, Zink F, Lund SH, Nawaz MS, Bragi Walters G, Skuladottir AT, Gudjonsson SA, Einarsson G, Halldorsson GH, Bjarnadottir V, Sveinbjornsson G, Helgadottir A, Styrkarsdottir U, Gudmundsson LJ, Pedersen OB, Hansen TF, Werge T, Banasik K, Troelsen A, Skou ST, Thørner LW, Erikstrup C, Nielsen KR, Mikkelsen S, Jonsdottir I, Bjornsson A, Olafsson IH, Ulfarsson E, Blondal J, Vikingsson A, Brunak S, Ostrowski SR, Ullum H, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson H, Gudbjartsson DF, Thorgeirsson TE, Stefansson K. Rare SLC13A1 variants associate with intervertebral disc disorder highlighting role of sulfate in disc pathology. Nat Commun 2022; 13:634. [PMID: 35110524 PMCID: PMC8810832 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Back pain is a common and debilitating disorder with largely unknown underlying biology. Here we report a genome-wide association study of back pain using diagnoses assigned in clinical practice; dorsalgia (119,100 cases, 909,847 controls) and intervertebral disc disorder (IDD) (58,854 cases, 922,958 controls). We identify 41 variants at 33 loci. The most significant association (ORIDD = 0.92, P = 1.6 × 10−39; ORdorsalgia = 0.92, P = 7.2 × 10−15) is with a 3’UTR variant (rs1871452-T) in CHST3, encoding a sulfotransferase enzyme expressed in intervertebral discs. The largest effects on IDD are conferred by rare (MAF = 0.07 − 0.32%) loss-of-function (LoF) variants in SLC13A1, encoding a sodium-sulfate co-transporter (LoF burden OR = 1.44, P = 3.1 × 10−11); variants that also associate with reduced serum sulfate. Genes implicated by this study are involved in cartilage and bone biology, as well as neurological and inflammatory processes. Little is known about the biology of back pain, a leading cause of disability. Here the authors report 30 new back pain loci, implicating genes involved in cartilage/bone biology, as well as neurological and inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Muhammad S Nawaz
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - G Bragi Walters
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Gisli H Halldorsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ole B Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Folkmann Hansen
- Danish Headache Center, Dept. Neurology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Lundbeck Foundation for GeoGenetics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Troelsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAG ROAD-Research OsteoArthritis Denmark, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Soren T Skou
- Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,The Research Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Næstved, Denmark
| | - Lise Wegner Thørner
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kaspar Rene Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Susan Mikkelsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Aron Bjornsson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingvar H Olafsson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Elfar Ulfarsson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Josep Blondal
- Health Care Institution of West Iceland, Stykkisholmur, Iceland
| | | | - Soren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse R Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Ullum
- Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland. .,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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18
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Laursen IH, Banasik K, Haue AD, Petersen O, Holm PC, Westergaard D, Bundgaard H, Brunak S, Frikke-Schmidt R, Holm H, Sørensen E, Thørner LW, Larsen MAH, Schwinn M, Køber L, Torp-Pedersen C, Ostrowski SR, Erikstrup C, Nyegaard M, Stefánsson H, Gylfason A, Zink F, Walters GB, Oddsson A, Þorleifsson G, Másson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson D, Pedersen OB, Stefánsson K, Ullum H. Cohort profile: Copenhagen Hospital Biobank - Cardiovascular Disease Cohort (CHB-CVDC): Construction of a large-scale genetic cohort to facilitate a better understanding of heart diseases. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e049709. [PMID: 36070241 PMCID: PMC8719218 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of Copenhagen Hospital Biobank-Cardiovascular Disease Cohort (CHB-CVDC) is to establish a cohort that can accelerate our understanding of CVD initiation and progression by jointly studying genetics, diagnoses, treatments and risk factors. PARTICIPANTS The CHB-CVDC is a large genomic cohort of patients with CVD. CHB-CVDC currently includes 96 308 patients. The cohort is part of CHB initiated in 2009 in the Capital Region of Denmark. CHB is continuously growing with ~40 000 samples/year. Patients in CHB were included in CHB-CVDC if they were above 18 years of age and assigned at least one cardiovascular diagnosis. Additionally, up-to 110 000 blood donors can be analysed jointly with CHB-CVDC. Linkage with the Danish National Health Registries, Electronic Patient Records, and Clinical Quality Databases allow up-to 41 years of medical history. All individuals are genotyped using the Infinium Global Screening Array from Illumina and imputed using a reference panel consisting of whole-genome sequence data from 8429 Danes along with 7146 samples from North-Western Europe. Currently, 39 539 of the patients are deceased. FINDINGS TO DATE Here, we demonstrate the utility of the cohort by showing concordant effects between known variants and selected CVDs, that is, >93% concordance for coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure and cholesterol measurements and 85% concordance for hypertension. Furthermore, we evaluated multiple study designs and the validity of using Danish blood donors as part of CHB-CVDC. Lastly, CHB-CVDC has already made major contributions to studies of sick sinus syndrome and the role of phytosterols in development of atherosclerosis. FUTURE PLANS In addition to genetics, electronic patient records, national socioeconomic and health registries extensively characterise each patient in CHB-CVDC and provides a promising framework for improved understanding of risk and protective variants. We aim to include other measurable biomarkers for example, proteins in CHB-CVDC making it a platform for multiomics cardiovascular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina H Laursen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amalie D Haue
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oscar Petersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter C Holm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Westergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise W Thørner
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margit A H Larsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Schwinn
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Køber
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Torp-Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Investigation and Cardiology, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Sisse R Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - G Bragi Walters
- deCODE genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ole B Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital Køge, Køge, Denmark
| | - Kári Stefánsson
- deCODE genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Henrik Ullum
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Ivarsdottir EV, Holm H, Benonisdottir S, Olafsdottir T, Sveinbjornsson G, Thorleifsson G, Eggertsson HP, Halldorsson GH, Hjorleifsson KE, Melsted P, Gylfason A, Arnadottir GA, Oddsson A, Jensson BO, Jonasdottir A, Jonasdottir A, Juliusdottir T, Stefansdottir L, Tragante V, Halldorsson BV, Petersen H, Thorgeirsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Sulem P, Hinriksdottir I, Jonsdottir I, Gudbjartsson DF, Stefansson K. The genetic architecture of age-related hearing impairment revealed by genome-wide association analysis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:706. [PMID: 34108613 PMCID: PMC8190123 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI) is the most common sensory disorder in older adults. We conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 121,934 ARHI cases and 591,699 controls from Iceland and the UK. We identified 21 novel sequence variants, of which 13 are rare, under either additive or recessive models. Of special interest are a missense variant in LOXHD1 (MAF = 1.96%) and a tandem duplication in FBF1 covering 4 exons (MAF = 0.22%) associating with ARHI (OR = 3.7 for homozygotes, P = 1.7 × 10-22 and OR = 4.2 for heterozygotes, P = 5.7 × 10-27, respectively). We constructed an ARHI genetic risk score (GRS) using common variants and showed that a common variant GRS can identify individuals at risk comparable to carriers of rare high penetrance variants. Furthermore, we found that ARHI and tinnitus share genetic causes. This study sheds a new light on the genetic architecture of ARHI, through several rare variants in both Mendelian deafness genes and genes not previously linked to hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna V Ivarsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gisli H Halldorsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kristjan E Hjorleifsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Pall Melsted
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bjarni V Halldorsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Technology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hannes Petersen
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Akureyri Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Gudmundur Thorgeirsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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20
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Thorolfsdottir RB, Sveinbjornsson G, Aegisdottir HM, Benonisdottir S, Stefansdottir L, Ivarsdottir EV, Halldorsson GH, Sigurdsson JK, Torp-Pedersen C, Weeke PE, Brunak S, Westergaard D, Pedersen OB, Sorensen E, Nielsen KR, Burgdorf KS, Banasik K, Brumpton B, Zhou W, Oddsson A, Tragante V, Hjorleifsson KE, Davidsson OB, Rajamani S, Jonsson S, Torfason B, Valgardsson AS, Thorgeirsson G, Frigge ML, Thorleifsson G, Norddahl GL, Helgadottir A, Gretarsdottir S, Sulem P, Jonsdottir I, Willer CJ, Hveem K, Bundgaard H, Ullum H, Arnar DO, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Stefansson K. Genetic insight into sick sinus syndrome. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:1959-1971. [PMID: 36282123 PMCID: PMC8140484 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The aim of this study was to use human genetics to investigate the pathogenesis of sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and the role of risk factors in its development. Methods and results We performed a genome-wide association study of 6469 SSS cases and 1 000 187 controls from deCODE genetics, the Copenhagen Hospital Biobank, UK Biobank, and the HUNT study. Variants at six loci associated with SSS, a reported missense variant in MYH6, known atrial fibrillation (AF)/electrocardiogram variants at PITX2, ZFHX3, TTN/CCDC141, and SCN10A and a low-frequency (MAF = 1.1–1.8%) missense variant, p.Gly62Cys in KRT8 encoding the intermediate filament protein keratin 8. A full genotypic model best described the p.Gly62Cys association (P = 1.6 × 10−20), with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.44 for heterozygotes and a disproportionally large OR of 13.99 for homozygotes. All the SSS variants increased the risk of pacemaker implantation. Their association with AF varied and p.Gly62Cys was the only variant not associating with any other arrhythmia or cardiovascular disease. We tested 17 exposure phenotypes in polygenic score (PGS) and Mendelian randomization analyses. Only two associated with the risk of SSS in Mendelian randomization, AF, and lower heart rate, suggesting causality. Powerful PGS analyses provided convincing evidence against causal associations for body mass index, cholesterol, triglycerides, and type 2 diabetes (P > 0.05). Conclusion We report the associations of variants at six loci with SSS, including a missense variant in KRT8 that confers high risk in homozygotes and points to a mechanism specific to SSS development. Mendelian randomization supports a causal role for AF in the development of SSS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jon K Sigurdsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Christian Torp-Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Research and Cardiology, Nordsjaelland Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, Hillerød 3400, Denmark
| | - Peter E Weeke
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - David Westergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Ole B Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Naestved Hospital, Ringstedgade 77B, Naestved 4700, Denmark
| | - Erik Sorensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Kaspar R Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital North, Urbansgade 36, Aalborg 9000, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer S Burgdorf
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Ben Brumpton
- Department of Thoracic and Occupational Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, Trondheim 7030, Norway
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 100 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2218, USA
| | - Asmundur Oddsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | | | - Kristjan E Hjorleifsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,Department of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd. MC 305-16, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | | | - Stefan Jonsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Bjarni Torfason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Atli S Valgardsson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Gudmundur Thorgeirsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,Department of Medicine, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Michael L Frigge
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | | | | | - Anna Helgadottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | | | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,Department of Immunology, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 100 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2218, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine: Cardiology, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 -5368, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, 4909 Buhl Building, 1241 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109 -5618, USA
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Erling Skjalgssons gt. 1, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Postboks 8905, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Forskningsveien 2, Levanger 7600, Norway
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Henrik Ullum
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.,Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, Copenhagen 2300, Denmark
| | - David O Arnar
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,Department of Medicine, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Hjardarhagi 4, Reykjavik 107, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik 101, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
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21
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Olafsdottir T, Stacey SN, Sveinbjornsson G, Thorleifsson G, Norland K, Sigurgeirsson B, Thorisdottir K, Kristjansson AK, Tryggvadottir L, Sarin KY, Benediktsson R, Jonasson JG, Sigurdsson A, Jonasdottir A, Kristmundsdottir S, Jonsson H, Gylfason A, Oddsson A, Fridriksdottir R, Gudjonsson SA, Zink F, Lund SH, Rognvaldsson S, Melsted P, Steinthorsdottir V, Gudmundsson J, Mikaelsdottir E, Olason PI, Stefansdottir L, Eggertsson HP, Halldorsson BV, Thorsteinsdottir U, Agustsson TT, Olafsson K, Olafsson JH, Sulem P, Rafnar T, Gudbjartsson DF, Stefansson K. Loss-of-Function Variants in the Tumor-Suppressor Gene PTPN14 Confer Increased Cancer Risk. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1954-1964. [PMID: 33602785 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The success of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in identifying common, low-penetrance variant-cancer associations for the past decade is undisputed. However, discovering additional high-penetrance cancer mutations in unknown cancer predisposing genes requires detection of variant-cancer association of ultra-rare coding variants. Consequently, large-scale next-generation sequence data with associated phenotype information are needed. Here, we used genotype data on 166,281 Icelanders, of which, 49,708 were whole-genome sequenced and 408,595 individuals from the UK Biobank, of which, 41,147 were whole-exome sequenced, to test for association between loss-of-function burden in autosomal genes and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most common cancer in Caucasians. A total of 25,205 BCC cases and 683,058 controls were tested. Rare germline loss-of-function variants in PTPN14 conferred substantial risks of BCC (OR, 8.0; P = 1.9 × 10-12), with a quarter of carriers getting BCC before age 70 and over half in their lifetime. Furthermore, common variants at the PTPN14 locus were associated with BCC, suggesting PTPN14 as a new, high-impact BCC predisposition gene. A follow-up investigation of 24 cancers and three benign tumor types showed that PTPN14 loss-of-function variants are associated with high risk of cervical cancer (OR, 12.7, P = 1.6 × 10-4) and low age at diagnosis. Our findings, using power-increasing methods with high-quality rare variant genotypes, highlight future prospects for new discoveries on carcinogenesis. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies the tumor-suppressor gene PTPN14 as a high-impact BCC predisposition gene and indicates that inactivation of PTPN14 by germline sequence variants may also lead to increased risk of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bardur Sigurgeirsson
- Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kristin Thorisdottir
- Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Arni Kjalar Kristjansson
- Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Kavita Y Sarin
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, California
| | - Rafn Benediktsson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Jon G Jonasson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Pathology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pall Melsted
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bjarni V Halldorsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tomas T Agustsson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland.,Faculty of Odontology, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Karl Olafsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jon H Olafsson
- Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland. .,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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22
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Bell S, Rigas AS, Magnusson MK, Ferkingstad E, Allara E, Bjornsdottir G, Ramond A, Sørensen E, Halldorsson GH, Paul DS, Burgdorf KS, Eggertsson HP, Howson JMM, Thørner LW, Kristmundsdottir S, Astle WJ, Erikstrup C, Sigurdsson JK, Vuckovic D, Dinh KM, Tragante V, Surendran P, Pedersen OB, Vidarsson B, Jiang T, Paarup HM, Onundarson PT, Akbari P, Nielsen KR, Lund SH, Juliusson K, Magnusson MI, Frigge ML, Oddsson A, Olafsson I, Kaptoge S, Hjalgrim H, Runarsson G, Wood AM, Jonsdottir I, Hansen TF, Sigurdardottir O, Stefansson H, Rye D, Peters JE, Westergaard D, Holm H, Soranzo N, Banasik K, Thorleifsson G, Ouwehand WH, Thorsteinsdottir U, Roberts DJ, Sulem P, Butterworth AS, Gudbjartsson DF, Danesh J, Brunak S, Di Angelantonio E, Ullum H, Stefansson K. A genome-wide meta-analysis yields 46 new loci associating with biomarkers of iron homeostasis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:156. [PMID: 33536631 PMCID: PMC7859200 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for many biological functions and iron deficiency and overload have major health implications. We performed a meta-analysis of three genome-wide association studies from Iceland, the UK and Denmark of blood levels of ferritin (N = 246,139), total iron binding capacity (N = 135,430), iron (N = 163,511) and transferrin saturation (N = 131,471). We found 62 independent sequence variants associating with iron homeostasis parameters at 56 loci, including 46 novel loci. Variants at DUOX2, F5, SLC11A2 and TMPRSS6 associate with iron deficiency anemia, while variants at TF, HFE, TFR2 and TMPRSS6 associate with iron overload. A HBS1L-MYB intergenic region variant associates both with increased risk of iron overload and reduced risk of iron deficiency anemia. The DUOX2 missense variant is present in 14% of the population, associates with all iron homeostasis biomarkers, and increases the risk of iron deficiency anemia by 29%. The associations implicate proteins contributing to the main physiological processes involved in iron homeostasis: iron sensing and storage, inflammation, absorption of iron from the gut, iron recycling, erythropoiesis and bleeding/menstruation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Bell
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andreas S Rigas
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magnus K Magnusson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | | | - Elias Allara
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Anna Ramond
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Dirk S Paul
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kristoffer S Burgdorf
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Joanna M M Howson
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lise W Thørner
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - William J Astle
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Dragana Vuckovic
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Khoa M Dinh
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vinicius Tragante
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Praveen Surendran
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Rutherford Fund Fellow, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ole B Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Næstved Hospital, Næstved, Denmark
| | | | - Tao Jiang
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Helene M Paarup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pall T Onundarson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Parsa Akbari
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Kaspar R Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Stephen Kaptoge
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Henrik Hjalgrim
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Angela M Wood
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thomas F Hansen
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital MHC Sct. Hans, Roskilde, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - David Rye
- Department of Neurology and Program in Sleep, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James E Peters
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Westergaard
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karina Banasik
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Willem H Ouwehand
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UK National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - David J Roberts
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Health Service Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- UK National Health Service Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9BQ, UK
| | | | - Adam S Butterworth
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - John Danesh
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Søren Brunak
- Translational Disease Systems Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- UK National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Henrik Ullum
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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23
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Gisladottir RS, Ivarsdottir EV, Helgason A, Jonsson L, Hannesdottir NK, Rutsdottir G, Arnadottir GA, Skuladottir A, Jonsson BA, Norddahl GL, Ulfarsson MO, Helgason H, Halldorsson BV, Nawaz MS, Tragante V, Sveinbjornsson G, Thorgeirsson T, Oddsson A, Kristjansson RP, Bjornsdottir G, Thorgeirsson G, Jonsdottir I, Holm H, Gudbjartsson DF, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson H, Sulem P, Stefansson K. Sequence Variants in TAAR5 and Other Loci Affect Human Odor Perception and Naming. Curr Biol 2020; 30:4643-4653.e3. [PMID: 33035477 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory receptor (OR) genes in humans form a special class characterized by unusually high DNA sequence diversity, which should give rise to differences in perception and behavior. In the largest genome-wide association study to date based on olfactory testing, we investigated odor perception and naming with smell tasks performed by 9,122 Icelanders, with replication in a separate sample of 2,204 individuals. We discovered an association between a low-frequency missense variant in TAAR5 and reduced intensity rating of fish odor containing trimethylamine (p.Ser95Pro, pcombined = 5.6 × 10-15). We demonstrate that TAAR5 genotype affects aversion to fish odor, reflected by linguistic descriptions of the odor and pleasantness ratings. We also discovered common sequence variants in two canonical olfactory receptor loci that associate with increased intensity and naming of licorice odor (trans-anethole: lead variant p.Lys233Asn in OR6C70, pcombined = 8.8 × 10-16 and pcombined = 1.4 × 10-9) and enhanced naming of cinnamon (trans-cinnamaldehyde; intergenic variant rs317787-T, pcombined = 5.0 × 10-17). Together, our results show that TAAR5 genotype variation influences human odor responses and highlight that sequence diversity in canonical OR genes can lead to enhanced olfactory ability, in contrast to the view that greater tolerance for mutations in the human OR repertoire leads to diminished function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa S Gisladottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; School of Humanities, University of Iceland, Saemundargata 2, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Erna V Ivarsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 5, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Agnar Helgason
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Anthropology, University of Iceland, Saemundargata 10, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lina Jonsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 13, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden; The Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 15, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Magnus O Ulfarsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 5, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hannes Helgason
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bjarni V Halldorsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; School of Technology, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Muhammad S Nawaz
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Asmundur Oddsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Gudmundur Thorgeirsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Immunology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 5, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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24
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Oskarsson GR, Oddsson A, Magnusson MK, Kristjansson RP, Halldorsson GH, Ferkingstad E, Zink F, Helgadottir A, Ivarsdottir EV, Arnadottir GA, Jensson BO, Katrinardottir H, Sveinbjornsson G, Kristinsdottir AM, Lee AL, Saemundsdottir J, Stefansdottir L, Sigurdsson JK, Davidsson OB, Benonisdottir S, Jonasdottir A, Jonasdottir A, Jonsson S, Gudmundsson RL, Asselbergs FW, Tragante V, Gunnarsson B, Masson G, Thorleifsson G, Rafnar T, Holm H, Olafsson I, Onundarson PT, Gudbjartsson DF, Norddahl GL, Thorsteinsdottir U, Sulem P, Stefansson K. Predicted loss and gain of function mutations in ACO1 are associated with erythropoiesis. Commun Biol 2020; 3:189. [PMID: 32327693 PMCID: PMC7181819 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0921-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin is the essential oxygen-carrying molecule in humans and is regulated by cellular iron and oxygen sensing mechanisms. To search for novel variants associated with hemoglobin concentration, we performed genome-wide association studies of hemoglobin concentration using a combined set of 684,122 individuals from Iceland and the UK. Notably, we found seven novel variants, six rare coding and one common, at the ACO1 locus associating with either decreased or increased hemoglobin concentration. Of these variants, the missense Cys506Ser and the stop-gained Lys334Ter mutations are specific to eight and ten generation pedigrees, respectively, and have the two largest effects in the study (EffectCys506Ser = -1.61 SD, CI95 = [-1.98, -1.35]; EffectLys334Ter = 0.63 SD, CI95 = [0.36, 0.91]). We also find Cys506Ser to associate with increased risk of persistent anemia (OR = 17.1, P = 2 × 10-14). The strong bidirectional effects seen in this study implicate ACO1, a known iron sensing molecule, as a major homeostatic regulator of hemoglobin concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudjon R Oskarsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Magnus K Magnusson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amy L Lee
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vinicius Tragante
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Pall T Onundarson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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25
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Olafsdottir T, Thorleifsson G, Sulem P, Stefansson OA, Medek H, Olafsson K, Ingthorsson O, Gudmundsson V, Jonsdottir I, Halldorsson GH, Kristjansson RP, Frigge ML, Stefansdottir L, Sigurdsson JK, Oddsson A, Sigurdsson A, Eggertsson HP, Melsted P, Halldorsson BV, Lund SH, Styrkarsdottir U, Steinthorsdottir V, Gudmundsson J, Holm H, Tragante V, Asselbergs FW, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson DF, Jonsdottir K, Rafnar T, Stefansson K. Genome-wide association identifies seven loci for pelvic organ prolapse in Iceland and the UK Biobank. Commun Biol 2020; 3:129. [PMID: 32184442 PMCID: PMC7078216 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a downward descent of one or more of the pelvic organs, resulting in a protrusion of the vaginal wall and/or uterus. We performed a genome-wide association study of POP using data from Iceland and the UK Biobank, a total of 15,010 cases with hospital-based diagnosis code and 340,734 female controls, and found eight sequence variants at seven loci associating with POP (P < 5 × 10-8); seven common (minor allele frequency >5%) and one with minor allele frequency of 4.87%. Some of the variants associating with POP also associated with traits of similar pathophysiology. Of these, rs3820282, which may alter the estrogen-based regulation of WNT4, also associates with leiomyoma of uterus, gestational duration and endometriosis. Rs3791675 at EFEMP1, a gene involved in connective tissue homeostasis, also associates with hernias and carpal tunnel syndrome. Our results highlight the role of connective tissue metabolism and estrogen exposure in the etiology of POP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Helga Medek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Karl Olafsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Orri Ingthorsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akureyri Hospital, 600, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Valur Gudmundsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akureyri Hospital, 600, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pall Melsted
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bjarni V Halldorsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sigrun H Lund
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Vinicius Tragante
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kristin Jonsdottir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorunn Rafnar
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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26
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Benonisdottir S, Kristjansson RP, Oddsson A, Steinthorsdottir V, Mikaelsdottir E, Kehr B, Jensson BO, Arnadottir GA, Sulem G, Sveinbjornsson G, Kristmundsdottir S, Ivarsdottir EV, Tragante V, Gunnarsson B, Runolfsdottir HL, Arthur JG, Deaton AM, Eyjolfsson GI, Davidsson OB, Asselbergs FW, Hreidarsson AB, Rafnar T, Thorleifsson G, Edvardsson V, Sigurdsson G, Helgadottir A, Halldorsson BV, Masson G, Holm H, Onundarson PT, Indridason OS, Benediktsson R, Palsson R, Gudbjartsson DF, Olafsson I, Thorsteinsdottir U, Sulem P, Stefansson K. Sequence variants associating with urinary biomarkers. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:1199-1211. [PMID: 30476138 PMCID: PMC6423415 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Urine dipstick tests are widely used in routine medical care to diagnose kidney and urinary tract and metabolic diseases. Several environmental factors are known to affect the test results, whereas the effects of genetic diversity are largely unknown. We tested 32.5 million sequence variants for association with urinary biomarkers in a set of 150 274 Icelanders with urine dipstick measurements. We detected 20 association signals, of which 14 are novel, associating with at least one of five clinical entities defined by the urine dipstick: glucosuria, ketonuria, proteinuria, hematuria and urine pH. These include three independent glucosuria variants at SLC5A2, the gene encoding the sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT2), a protein targeted pharmacologically to increase urinary glucose excretion in the treatment of diabetes. Two variants associating with proteinuria are in LRP2 and CUBN, encoding the co-transporters megalin and cubilin, respectively, that mediate proximal tubule protein uptake. One of the hematuria-associated variants is a rare, previously unreported 2.5 kb exonic deletion in COL4A3. Of the four signals associated with urine pH, we note that the pH-increasing alleles of two variants (POU2AF1, WDR72) associate significantly with increased risk of kidney stones. Our results reveal that genetic factors affect variability in urinary biomarkers, in both a disease dependent and independent context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Birte Kehr
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Snaedis Kristmundsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Erna V Ivarsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Vinicius Tragante
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Joseph G Arthur
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Astradur B Hreidarsson
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Internal Medicine Services, Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Vidar Edvardsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- The Rare Kidney Stone Consortium, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Children's Medical Center, Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gunnar Sigurdsson
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Internal Medicine Services, Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kópavogur, Iceland
| | | | - Bjarni V Halldorsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Pall T Onundarson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Olafur S Indridason
- Division of Nephrology, Internal Medicine Services, Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Rafn Benediktsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Internal Medicine Services, Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Runolfur Palsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- The Rare Kidney Stone Consortium, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Internal Medicine Services, Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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27
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Ivarsdottir EV, Benonisdottir S, Thorleifsson G, Sulem P, Oddsson A, Styrkarsdottir U, Kristmundsdottir S, Arnadottir GA, Thorgeirsson G, Jonsdottir I, Zoega GM, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson DF, Jonasson F, Holm H, Stefansson K. Sequence variation at ANAPC1 accounts for 24% of the variability in corneal endothelial cell density. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1284. [PMID: 30894546 PMCID: PMC6427039 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09304-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The corneal endothelium is vital for transparency and proper hydration of the cornea. Here, we conduct a genome-wide association study of corneal endothelial cell density (cells/mm2), coefficient of cell size variation (CV), percentage of hexagonal cells (HEX) and central corneal thickness (CCT) in 6,125 Icelanders and find associations at 10 loci, including 7 novel. We assess the effects of these variants on various ocular biomechanics such as corneal hysteresis (CH), as well as eye diseases such as glaucoma and corneal dystrophies. Most notably, an intergenic variant close to ANAPC1 (rs78658973[A], frequency = 28.3%) strongly associates with decreased cell density and accounts for 24% of the population variance in cell density (β = -0.77 SD, P = 1.8 × 10-314) and associates with increased CH (β = 0.19 SD, P = 2.6 × 10-19) without affecting risk of corneal diseases and glaucoma. Our findings indicate that despite correlations between cell density and eye diseases, low cell density does not increase the risk of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna V Ivarsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gudmundur Thorgeirsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gunnar M Zoega
- Department of Ophthalmology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Fridbert Jonasson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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28
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Halldorsson BV, Palsson G, Stefansson OA, Jonsson H, Hardarson MT, Eggertsson HP, Gunnarsson B, Oddsson A, Halldorsson GH, Zink F, Gudjonsson SA, Frigge ML, Thorleifsson G, Sigurdsson A, Stacey SN, Sulem P, Masson G, Helgason A, Gudbjartsson DF, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K. Characterizing mutagenic effects of recombination through a sequence-level genetic map. Science 2019; 363:363/6425/eaau1043. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aau1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genetic diversity arises from recombination and de novo mutation (DNM). Using a combination of microarray genotype and whole-genome sequence data on parent-child pairs, we identified 4,531,535 crossover recombinations and 200,435 DNMs. The resulting genetic map has a resolution of 682 base pairs. Crossovers exhibit a mutagenic effect, with overrepresentation of DNMs within 1 kilobase of crossovers in males and females. In females, a higher mutation rate is observed up to 40 kilobases from crossovers, particularly for complex crossovers, which increase with maternal age. We identified 35 loci associated with the recombination rate or the location of crossovers, demonstrating extensive genetic control of meiotic recombination, and our results highlight genes linked to the formation of the synaptonemal complex as determinants of crossovers.
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29
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Kristjansson RP, Benonisdottir S, Davidsson OB, Oddsson A, Tragante V, Sigurdsson JK, Stefansdottir L, Jonsson S, Jensson BO, Arthur JG, Arnadottir GA, Sulem G, Halldorsson BV, Gunnarsson B, Halldorsson GH, Stefansson OA, Oskarsson GR, Deaton AM, Olafsson I, Eyjolfsson GI, Sigurdardottir O, Onundarson PT, Gislason D, Gislason T, Ludviksson BR, Ludviksdottir D, Olafsdottir TA, Rafnar T, Masson G, Zink F, Bjornsdottir G, Magnusson OT, Bjornsdottir US, Thorleifsson G, Norddahl GL, Gudbjartsson DF, Thorsteinsdottir U, Jonsdottir I, Sulem P, Stefansson K. A loss-of-function variant in ALOX15 protects against nasal polyps and chronic rhinosinusitis. Nat Genet 2019; 51:267-276. [PMID: 30643255 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nasal polyps (NP) are lesions on the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa and are a risk factor for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). We performed genome-wide association studies on NP and CRS in Iceland and the UK (using UK Biobank data) with 4,366 NP cases, 5,608 CRS cases, and >700,000 controls. We found 10 markers associated with NP and 2 with CRS. We also tested 210 markers reported to associate with eosinophil count, yielding 17 additional NP associations. Of the 27 NP signals, 7 associate with CRS and 13 with asthma. Most notably, a missense variant in ALOX15 that causes a p.Thr560Met alteration in arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) confers large genome-wide significant protection against NP (P = 8.0 × 10-27, odds ratio = 0.32; 95% confidence interval = 0.26, 0.39) and CRS (P = 1.1 × 10-8, odds ratio = 0.64; 95% confidence interval = 0.55, 0.75). p.Thr560Met, carried by around 1 in 20 Europeans, was previously shown to cause near total loss of 15-LO enzymatic activity. Our findings identify 15-LO as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in NP and CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vinicius Tragante
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bjarni V Halldorsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Pall T Onundarson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Laboratory Hematology, Landspítali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - David Gislason
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Medicine, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorarinn Gislason
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Sleep, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bjorn R Ludviksson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Immunology, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Dora Ludviksdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorunn A Olafsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Unnur S Bjornsdottir
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,The Medical Center Mjodd, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland. .,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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30
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Palsson R, Indridason OS, Edvardsson VO, Oddsson A. Genetics of common complex kidney stone disease: insights from genome-wide association studies. Urolithiasis 2018; 47:11-21. [PMID: 30523390 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-018-1094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Kidney stone disease is a common disorder in Western countries that is associated with significant suffering, morbidity, and cost for the healthcare system. Numerous studies have demonstrated familial aggregation of nephrolithiasis and a twin study estimated the heritability to be 56%. Over the past decade, genome-wide association studies have uncovered several sequence variants that confer increased risk of common complex kidney stone disease. The first reported variants were observed at the CLDN14 locus in the Icelandic population. This finding has since been replicated in other populations. The CLDN14 gene is expressed in tight junctions of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, where the protein is believed to play a role in regulation of calcium transport. More recent studies have uncovered variants at the ALPL, SLC34A1, CASR, and TRPV5 loci, the first two genes playing a role in renal handling of phosphate, while the latter two are involved in calcium homeostasis. Although genetic data have provided insights into the molecular basis of kidney stone disease, much remains to be learned about the contribution of genetic factors to stone formation. Nevertheless, the progress made in recent years indicates that exciting times lie ahead in genetic research on kidney stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runolfur Palsson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. .,Division of Nephrology, Internal Medicine Services, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Olafur S Indridason
- Division of Nephrology, Internal Medicine Services, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Vidar O Edvardsson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Children's Medical Center, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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31
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Ferkingstad E, Oddsson A, Gretarsdottir S, Benonisdottir S, Thorleifsson G, Deaton AM, Jonsson S, Stefansson OA, Norddahl GL, Zink F, Arnadottir GA, Gunnarsson B, Halldorsson GH, Helgadottir A, Jensson BO, Kristjansson RP, Sveinbjornsson G, Sverrisson DA, Masson G, Olafsson I, Eyjolfsson GI, Sigurdardottir O, Holm H, Jonsdottir I, Olafsson S, Steingrimsdottir T, Rafnar T, Bjornsson ES, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson DF, Sulem P, Stefansson K. Genome-wide association meta-analysis yields 20 loci associated with gallstone disease. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5101. [PMID: 30504769 PMCID: PMC6269469 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07460-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallstones are responsible for one of the most common diseases in the Western world and are commonly treated with cholecystectomy. We perform a meta-analysis of two genome-wide association studies of gallstone disease in Iceland and the UK, totaling 27,174 cases and 736,838 controls, uncovering 21 novel gallstone-associated variants at 20 loci. Two distinct low frequency missense variants in SLC10A2, encoding the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT), associate with an increased risk of gallstone disease (Pro290Ser: OR = 1.36 [1.25-1.49], P = 2.1 × 10-12, MAF = 1%; Val98Ile: OR = 1.15 [1.10-1.20], P = 1.8 × 10-10, MAF = 4%). We demonstrate that lower bile acid transport by ASBT is accompanied by greater risk of gallstone disease and highlight the role of the intestinal compartment of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in gallstone disease susceptibility. Additionally, two low frequency missense variants in SERPINA1 and HNF4A and 17 common variants represent novel associations with gallstone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Florian Zink
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gisli Masson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspítali University Hospital, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | | | - Olof Sigurdardottir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Akureyri Hospital, Akureyri, 600, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Sigurdur Olafsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Thora Steingrimsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | | | - Einar S Bjornsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.
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32
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Rafnar T, Gunnarsson B, Stefansson OA, Sulem P, Ingason A, Frigge ML, Stefansdottir L, Sigurdsson JK, Tragante V, Steinthorsdottir V, Styrkarsdottir U, Stacey SN, Gudmundsson J, Arnadottir GA, Oddsson A, Zink F, Halldorsson G, Sveinbjornsson G, Kristjansson RP, Davidsson OB, Salvarsdottir A, Thoroddsen A, Helgadottir EA, Kristjansdottir K, Ingthorsson O, Gudmundsson V, Geirsson RT, Arnadottir R, Gudbjartsson DF, Masson G, Asselbergs FW, Jonasson JG, Olafsson K, Thorsteinsdottir U, Halldorsson BV, Thorleifsson G, Stefansson K. Variants associating with uterine leiomyoma highlight genetic background shared by various cancers and hormone-related traits. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3636. [PMID: 30194396 PMCID: PMC6128903 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas are common benign tumors of the myometrium. We performed a meta-analysis of two genome-wide association studies of leiomyoma in European women (16,595 cases and 523,330 controls), uncovering 21 variants at 16 loci that associate with the disease. Five variants were previously reported to confer risk of various malignant or benign tumors (rs78378222 in TP53, rs10069690 in TERT, rs1800057 and rs1801516 in ATM, and rs7907606 at OBFC1) and four signals are located at established risk loci for hormone-related traits (endometriosis and breast cancer) at 1q36.12 (CDC42/WNT4), 2p25.1 (GREB1), 20p12.3 (MCM8), and 6q26.2 (SYNE1/ESR1). Polygenic score for leiomyoma, computed using UKB data, is significantly correlated with risk of cancer in the Icelandic population. Functional annotation suggests that the non-coding risk variants affect multiple genes, including ESR1. Our results provide insights into the genetic background of leiomyoma that are shared by other benign and malignant tumors and highlight the role of hormones in leiomyoma growth. Uterine leiomyomas are common benign tumors. Here, a meta-analysis of two European leiomyoma GWAS uncovers 21 leiomyoma risk variants at 16 loci, providing evidence of genetic overlap between leiomyoma and various benign and malignant tumors and highlighting the role of estrogen in tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorunn Rafnar
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | | | | | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Andres Ingason
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Vinicius Tragante
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Simon N Stacey
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Florian Zink
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Salvarsdottir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Asgeir Thoroddsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Elisabet A Helgadottir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Katrin Kristjansdottir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Orri Ingthorsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akureyri Hospital, 600, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Valur Gudmundsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akureyri Hospital, 600, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Reynir T Geirsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ragnheidur Arnadottir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gisli Masson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, 3501 DG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.,Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Jon G Jonasson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Pathology, Landspitali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Karl Olafsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bjarni V Halldorsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland. .,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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33
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Oskarsson GR, Kristjansson RP, Lee AL, Sveinbjornsson G, Magnusson MK, Ivarsdottir EV, Benonisdottir S, Oddsson A, Davidsson OB, Saemundsdottir J, Halldorsson GH, Arthur J, Arnadottir GA, Masson G, Jensson BO, Holm H, Olafsson I, Onundarson PT, Gudbjartsson DF, Norddahl GL, Thorsteinsdottir U, Sulem P, Stefansson K. A truncating mutation in EPOR leads to hypo-responsiveness to erythropoietin with normal haemoglobin. Commun Biol 2018; 1:49. [PMID: 30271932 PMCID: PMC6123817 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine erythropoietin (EPO), signalling through the EPO receptor (EPO-R), is essential for the formation of red blood cells. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) testing 32.5 million sequence variants for association with serum EPO levels in a set of 4187 individuals. We detect an association between a rare and well imputed stop-gained variant rs370865377[A] (p.Gln82Ter) in EPOR, carried by 1 in 550 Icelanders, and increased serum EPO levels (MAF = 0.09%, Effect = 1.47 SD, P = 3.3 × 10-7). We validated these findings by measuring serum EPO levels in 34 additional pairs of carriers and matched controls and found carriers to have 3.23-fold higher EPO levels than controls (P = 1.7 × 10-6; P combined = 1.6 × 10-11). In contrast to previously reported EPOR mutations, p.Gln82Ter does not associate with haemoglobin levels (Effect = -0.045 SD, P = 0.32, N = 273,160), probably due to a compensatory EPO upregulation in response to EPO-R hypo-responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amy L Lee
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Magnus K Magnusson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Erna V Ivarsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gisli Masson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspítali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Pall T Onundarson
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Landspítali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland.
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34
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Kong A, Thorleifsson G, Frigge ML, Vilhjalmsson BJ, Young AI, Thorgeirsson TE, Benonisdottir S, Oddsson A, Halldorsson BV, Masson G, Gudbjartsson DF, Helgason A, Bjornsdottir G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K. The nature of nurture: Effects of parental genotypes. Science 2018; 359:424-428. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aan6877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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35
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Jonsson L, Magnusson TE, Thordarson A, Jonsson T, Geller F, Feenstra B, Melbye M, Nohr EA, Vucic S, Dhamo B, Rivadeneira F, Ongkosuwito EM, Wolvius EB, Leslie EJ, Marazita ML, Howe BJ, Moreno Uribe LM, Alonso I, Santos M, Pinho T, Jonsson R, Audolfsson G, Gudmundsson L, Nawaz MS, Olafsson S, Gustafsson O, Ingason A, Unnsteinsdottir U, Bjornsdottir G, Walters GB, Zervas M, Oddsson A, Gudbjartsson DF, Steinberg S, Stefansson H, Stefansson K. Rare and Common Variants Conferring Risk of Tooth Agenesis. J Dent Res 2018; 97:515-522. [PMID: 29364747 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517750109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present association results from a large genome-wide association study of tooth agenesis (TA) as well as selective TA, including 1,944 subjects with congenitally missing teeth, excluding third molars, and 338,554 controls, all of European ancestry. We also tested the association of previously identified risk variants, for timing of tooth eruption and orofacial clefts, with TA. We report associations between TA and 9 novel risk variants. Five of these variants associate with selective TA, including a variant conferring risk of orofacial clefts. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the genetic architecture of tooth development and disease. The few variants previously associated with TA were uncovered through candidate gene studies guided by mouse knockouts. Knowing the etiology and clinical features of TA is important for planning oral rehabilitation that often involves an interdisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jonsson
- 1 deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.,2 Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - T E Magnusson
- 3 Faculty of Odontology, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - A Thordarson
- 3 Faculty of Odontology, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - T Jonsson
- 3 Faculty of Odontology, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - F Geller
- 4 Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Feenstra
- 4 Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Melbye
- 4 Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,5 Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,6 Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - E A Nohr
- 7 Research Unit for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - S Vucic
- 8 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,9 Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Dhamo
- 8 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,9 Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Rivadeneira
- 9 Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,10 Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,11 Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E M Ongkosuwito
- 8 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,9 Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E B Wolvius
- 8 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,9 Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E J Leslie
- 12 Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,13 Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M L Marazita
- 12 Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,14 Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,15 Clinical and Translational Science, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - B J Howe
- 16 Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - L M Moreno Uribe
- 16 Department of Family Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - I Alonso
- 17 i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,18 UnIGENe, Instituto Biologia Molecular Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Santos
- 17 i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,18 UnIGENe, Instituto Biologia Molecular Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - T Pinho
- 17 i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,18 UnIGENe, Instituto Biologia Molecular Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,19 CESPU, Instituto de Investigacão e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, Gandra-PRD, Portugal
| | - R Jonsson
- 20 Icelandic Health Insurance, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - G Audolfsson
- 21 Department of Plastic Surgery, Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - M S Nawaz
- 1 deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.,22 Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - S Olafsson
- 1 deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - A Ingason
- 1 deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - G B Walters
- 1 deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.,22 Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - M Zervas
- 1 deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - A Oddsson
- 1 deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - K Stefansson
- 1 deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.,22 Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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36
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Jensson BO, Hansdottir S, Arnadottir GA, Sulem G, Kristjansson RP, Oddsson A, Benonisdottir S, Jonsson H, Helgason A, Saemundsdottir J, Magnusson OT, Masson G, Thorisson GA, Jonasdottir A, Jonasdottir A, Sigurdsson A, Jonsdottir I, Petursdottir V, Kristinsson JR, Gudbjartsson DF, Thorsteinsdottir U, Arngrimsson R, Sulem P, Gudmundsson G, Stefansson K. COPA syndrome in an Icelandic family caused by a recurrent missense mutation in COPA. BMC Med Genet 2017; 18:129. [PMID: 29137621 PMCID: PMC5686906 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Rare missense mutations in the gene encoding coatomer subunit alpha (COPA) have recently been shown to cause autoimmune interstitial lung, joint and kidney disease, also known as COPA syndrome, under a dominant mode of inheritance. Case presentation Here we describe an Icelandic family with three affected individuals over two generations with a rare clinical presentation of lung and joint disease and a histological diagnosis of follicular bronchiolitis. We performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of the three affected as well as three unaffected members of the family, and searched for rare genotypes associated with disease using 30,067 sequenced Icelanders as a reference population. We assessed all coding and splicing variants, prioritizing variants in genes known to cause interstitial lung disease. We detected a heterozygous missense mutation, p.Glu241Lys, in the COPA gene, private to the affected family members. The mutation occurred de novo in the paternal germline of the index case and was absent from 30,067 Icelandic genomes and 141,353 individuals from the genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The mutation occurs within the conserved and functionally important WD40 domain of the COPA protein. Conclusions This is the second report of the p.Glu241Lys mutation in COPA, indicating the recurrent nature of the mutation. The mutation was reported to co-segregate with COPA syndrome in a large family from the USA with five affected members, and classified as pathogenic. The two separate occurrences of the p.Glu241Lys mutation in cases and its absence from a large number of sequenced genomes confirms its role in the pathogenesis of the COPA syndrome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-017-0490-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sif Hansdottir
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Gerald Sulem
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Asmundur Oddsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Hakon Jonsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Agnar Helgason
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Anthropology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Gisli Masson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Vigdis Petursdottir
- Department of Pathology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jon R Kristinsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Reynir Arngrimsson
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Gunnar Gudmundsson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc, Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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37
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Arnadottir GA, Jensson BO, Marelsson SE, Sulem G, Oddsson A, Kristjansson RP, Benonisdottir S, Gudjonsson SA, Masson G, Thorisson GA, Saemundsdottir J, Magnusson OT, Jonasdottir A, Jonasdottir A, Sigurdsson A, Gudbjartsson DF, Thorsteinsdottir U, Arngrimsson R, Sulem P, Stefansson K. Compound heterozygous mutations in UBA5 causing early-onset epileptic encephalopathy in two sisters. BMC Med Genet 2017; 18:103. [PMID: 28965491 PMCID: PMC5623963 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Epileptic encephalopathies are a group of childhood epilepsies that display high phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. The recent, extensive use of next-generation sequencing has identified a large number of genes in epileptic encephalopathies, including UBA5 in which biallelic mutations were first described as pathogenic in 2016 (Colin E et al., Am J Hum Genet 99(3):695-703, 2016. Muona M et al., Am J Hum Genet 99(3):683-694, 2016). UBA5 encodes an activating enzyme for a post-translational modification mechanism known as ufmylation, and is the first gene from the ufmylation pathway that is linked to disease. Case presentation We sequenced the genomes of two sisters with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy along with their unaffected parents in an attempt to find a genetic cause for their condition. The sisters, born in 2004 and 2006, presented with infantile spasms at six months of age, which later progressed to recurrent, treatment-resistant seizures. We detected a compound heterozygous genotype in UBA5 in the sisters, a genotype not seen elsewhere in an Icelandic reference set of 30,067 individuals nor in public databases. One of the mutations, c.684G > A, is a paternally inherited exonic splicing mutation, occuring at the last nucleotide of exon 7 of UBA5. The mutation is predicted to disrupt the splice site, resulting in loss-of-function of one allele of UBA5. The second mutation is a maternally inherited missense mutation, p.Ala371Thr, previously reported as pathogenic when in compound heterozygosity with a loss-of-function mutation in UBA5 and is believed to produce a hypomorphic allele. Supportive of this, we have identified three adult Icelanders homozygous for the p.Ala371Thr mutation who show no signs of neurological disease. Conclusions We describe compound heterozygous mutations in the UBA5 gene in two sisters with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy. To our knowledge, this is the first description of mutations in UBA5 since the initial discovery that pathogenic biallelic variants in the gene cause early-onset epileptic encephalopathy. We further provide confirmatory evidence that p.Ala371Thr is a hypomorphic mutation, by presenting three adult homozygotes who show no signs of neurological disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-017-0466-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gerald Sulem
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Asmundur Oddsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Gisli Masson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Reynir Arngrimsson
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Sturlugata 8, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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38
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Jonsson S, Sveinbjornsson G, de Lapuente Portilla AL, Swaminathan B, Plomp R, Dekkers G, Ajore R, Ali M, Bentlage AEH, Elmér E, Eyjolfsson GI, Gudjonsson SA, Gullberg U, Gylfason A, Halldorsson BV, Hansson M, Holm H, Johansson Å, Johnsson E, Jonasdottir A, Ludviksson BR, Oddsson A, Olafsson I, Olafsson S, Sigurdardottir O, Sigurdsson A, Stefansdottir L, Masson G, Sulem P, Wuhrer M, Wihlborg AK, Thorleifsson G, Gudbjartsson DF, Thorsteinsdottir U, Vidarsson G, Jonsdottir I, Nilsson B, Stefansson K. Identification of sequence variants influencing immunoglobulin levels. Nat Genet 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/ng.3897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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39
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Kristjansson RP, Benonisdottir S, Oddsson A, Galesloot TE, Thorleifsson G, Aben KK, Davidsson OB, Jonsson S, Arnadottir GA, Jensson BO, Walters GB, Sigurdsson JK, Sigurdsson S, Holm H, Arnar DO, Thorgeirsson G, Alexiusdottir K, Jonsdottir I, Thorsteinsdottir U, Kiemeney LA, Jonsson T, Gudbjartsson DF, Rafnar T, Sulem P, Stefansson K. Sequence variant at 4q25 near PITX2 associates with appendicitis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3119. [PMID: 28596592 PMCID: PMC5465083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Appendicitis is one of the most common conditions requiring acute surgery and can pose a threat to the lives of affected individuals. We performed a genome-wide association study of appendicitis in 7,276 Icelandic and 1,139 Dutch cases and large groups of controls. In a combined analysis of the Icelandic and Dutch data, we detected a single signal represented by an intergenic variant rs2129979 [G] close to the gene PITX2 associating with increased risk of appendicitis (OR = 1.15, P = 1.8 × 10-11). We only observe the association in patients diagnosed in adulthood. The marker is close to, but distinct from, a set of markers reported to associate with atrial fibrillation, which have been linked to PITX2. PITX2 has been implicated in determination of right-left symmetry during development. Anomalies in organ arrangement have been linked to increased prevalence of gastrointestinal and intra-abdominal complications, which may explain the effect of rs2129979 on appendicitis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tessel E Galesloot
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department for Health Evidence, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Katja K Aben
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department for Health Evidence, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, PO Box 19079, 3501 DB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - David O Arnar
- Department of Medicine, Landspítali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gudmundur Thorgeirsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Landspítali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kristin Alexiusdottir
- Department of Medicine, Landspítali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department for Health Evidence, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thorvaldur Jonsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Surgery, Landspítali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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40
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Bjornsson E, Helgason H, Halldorsson G, Helgadottir A, Gylfason A, Kehr B, Jonasdottir A, Jonasdottir A, Sigurdsson A, Oddsson A, Thorleifsson G, Magnusson OT, Gretarsdottir S, Zink F, Kristjansson RP, Asgeirsdottir M, Swinkels DW, Kiemeney LA, Eyjolfsson GI, Sigurdardottir O, Masson G, Olafsson I, Thorgeirsson G, Holm H, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson DF, Sulem P, Stefansson K. A rare splice donor mutation in the haptoglobin gene associates with blood lipid levels and coronary artery disease. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:2364-2376. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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41
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Benonisdottir S, Oddsson A, Helgason A, Kristjansson RP, Sveinbjornsson G, Oskarsdottir A, Thorleifsson G, Davidsson OB, Arnadottir GA, Sulem G, Jensson BO, Holm H, Alexandersson KF, Tryggvadottir L, Walters GB, Gudjonsson SA, Ward LD, Sigurdsson JK, Iordache PD, Frigge ML, Rafnar T, Kong A, Masson G, Helgason H, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson DF, Sulem P, Stefansson K. Epigenetic and genetic components of height regulation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13490. [PMID: 27848971 PMCID: PMC5116096 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult height is a highly heritable trait. Here we identified 31.6 million sequence variants by whole-genome sequencing of 8,453 Icelanders and tested them for association with adult height by imputing them into 88,835 Icelanders. Here we discovered 13 novel height associations by testing four different models including parent-of-origin (|β|=0.4-10.6 cm). The minor alleles of three parent-of-origin signals associate with less height only when inherited from the father and are located within imprinted regions (IGF2-H19 and DLK1-MEG3). We also examined the association of these sequence variants in a set of 12,645 Icelanders with birth length measurements. Two of the novel variants, (IGF2-H19 and TET1), show significant association with both adult height and birth length, indicating a role in early growth regulation. Among the parent-of-origin signals, we observed opposing parental effects raising questions about underlying mechanisms. These findings demonstrate that common variations affect human growth by parental imprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agnar Helgason
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Anthropology, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gerald Sulem
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Laufey Tryggvadottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Icelandic Cancer Registry, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Lucas D Ward
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Paul D Iordache
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Reykjavik University, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Augustine Kong
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gisli Masson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hannes Helgason
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
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42
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Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Sulem P, Masson G, Oddsson A, Magnusson OT, Saemundsdottir J, Helgadottir HT, Helgason H, Johannsdottir H, Gretarsdottir S, Gudjonsson SA, Njølstad I, Løchen ML, Baum L, Ma RCW, Sigfusson G, Kong A, Thorgeirsson G, Sverrisson JT, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Arnar DO. A frameshift deletion in the sarcomere gene MYL4 causes early-onset familial atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2016; 38:27-34. [PMID: 27742809 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia in man, causing substantial morbidity and mortality with a major worldwide public health impact. It is increasingly recognized as a highly heritable condition. This study aimed to determine genetic risk factors for early-onset AF. METHODS AND RESULTS We sequenced the whole genomes of 8453 Icelanders and imputed genotypes of the 25.5 million sequence variants we discovered into 1799 Icelanders with early-onset AF (diagnosed before 60 years of age) and 337 453 controls. Each sequence variant was tested for association based on multiplicative and recessive inheritance models. We discovered a rare frameshift deletion in the myosin MYL4 gene (c.234delC) that associates with early-onset AF under a recessive mode of inheritance (allelic frequency = 0.58%). We found eight homozygous carriers of the mutation, all of whom had early-onset AF. Six of the homozygotes were diagnosed by the age of 30 and the remaining two in their 50s. Three of the homozygotes had received pacemaker implantations due to sick sinus syndrome, three had suffered an ischemic stroke, and one suffered sudden cardiac death. CONCLUSIONS Through a population approach we found a loss of function mutation in the myosin gene MYL4 that, in the homozygous state, is completely penetrant for early-onset AF. The finding may provide novel mechanistic insight into the pathophysiology of this complex arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland .,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Hjardarhaga 4, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Medicine, Landspitali- The National University Hospital, Hringbraut, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE genetics, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gisli Masson
- deCODE genetics, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Inger Njølstad
- Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Postboks 6050, Langnes, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maja-Lisa Løchen
- Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Postboks 6050, Langnes, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Sykehusvegen 38, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Larry Baum
- School of Pharmacy, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30 Ngan Shing Street, Sha Tin 999077 Hong Kong
| | - Gunnlaugur Sigfusson
- Children's Hospital, Landspitali- The National University Hospital, Hringbraut 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Augustine Kong
- deCODE genetics, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Hjardarhaga 4, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Guðmundur Thorgeirsson
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali- The National University Hospital, Hringbraut, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegi 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jon Th Sverrisson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Akureyri Hospital, Eyrarlandsvegur, 600 Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegi 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegi 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - David O Arnar
- deCODE genetics, Sturlugata 8, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland .,Department of Medicine, Landspitali- The National University Hospital, Hringbraut, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegi 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
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43
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Rodriguez PQ, Oddsson A, Ebarasi L, He B, Hultenby K, Wernerson A, Betsholtz C, Tryggvason K, Patrakka J. Knockdown of Tmem234 in zebrafish results in proteinuria. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F955-66. [PMID: 26377798 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00525.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are highly specialized epithelial cells located at the outer aspects of the glomerular capillary tuft and critical components of the kidney filtration barrier. To maintain their unique features, podocytes express a number of proteins that are only sparsely found elsewhere in the body. In this study, we have identified four (Tmem234, Znf185, Lrrc49, and Slfn5) new highly podocyte-enriched proteins. The proteins are strongly expressed by podocytes, while other parts of the kidney show only weak or no expression. Tmem234, Slfn5, and Lrrc49 are located in foot processes, whereas Znf185 is found in both foot and major processes. Expressional studies in developing kidneys show that these proteins are first expressed at the capillary stage glomerulus, the same stage when the formation of major and foot processes begins. We identified zebrafish orthologs for Tmem234 and Znf185 genes and knocked down their expression using morpholino technology. Studies in zebrafish larvae indicate that Tmem234 is essential for the organization and functional integrity of the pronephric glomerulus filtration barrier, as inactivation of Tmem234 expression results in foot process effacement and proteinuria. In summary, we have identified four novel highly podocyte-enriched proteins and show that one of them, Tmem234, is essential for the normal filtration barrier in the zebrafish pronephric glomerulus. Identification of new molecular components of the kidney filtration barrier opens up possibilities to study their role in glomerulus biology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Q Rodriguez
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asmundur Oddsson
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lwaki Ebarasi
- KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bing He
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Wernerson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jaakko Patrakka
- KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden;
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Gretarsdottir S, Helgason H, Helgadottir A, Sigurdsson A, Thorleifsson G, Magnusdottir A, Oddsson A, Steinthorsdottir V, Rafnar T, de Graaf J, Daneshpour MS, Hedayati M, Azizi F, Grarup N, Jørgensen T, Vestergaard H, Hansen T, Eyjolfsson G, Sigurdardottir O, Olafsson I, Kiemeney LA, Pedersen O, Sulem P, Thorgeirsson G, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K. A Splice Region Variant in LDLR Lowers Non-high Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Protects against Coronary Artery Disease. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005379. [PMID: 26327206 PMCID: PMC4556698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Through high coverage whole-genome sequencing and imputation of the identified variants into a large fraction of the Icelandic population, we found four independent signals in the low density lipoprotein receptor gene (LDLR) that associate with levels of non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Two signals are novel with respect to association with non-HDL-C and are represented by non-coding low frequency variants (between 2–4% frequency), the splice region variant rs72658867-A in intron 14 and rs17248748-T in intron one. These two novel associations were replicated in three additional populations. Both variants lower non-HDL-C levels (rs72658867-A, non-HDL-C effect = -0.44 mmol/l, Padj = 1.1 × 10−80 and rs17248748-T, non-HDL-C effect = -0.13 mmol/l, Padj = 1.3 × 10−12) and confer protection against CAD (rs72658867-A, OR = 0.76 and Padj = 2.7 × 10−8 and rs17248748-T, OR = 0.92 and Padj = 0.022). The LDLR splice region variant, rs72658867-A, located at position +5 in intron 14 (NM_000527:c.2140+5G>A), causes retention of intron 14 during transcription and is expected to produce a truncated LDL receptor lacking domains essential for function of the receptor. About half of the transcripts generated from chromosomes carrying rs72658867-A are characterized by this retention of the intron. The same variant also increases LDLR mRNA expression, however, the wild type transcripts do not exceed levels in non-carriers. This demonstrates that sequence variants that disrupt the LDL receptor can lower non-HDL-C and protect against CAD. Cholesterol levels in the bloodstream, in particular elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), are strong risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and LDL-C reduction reduces mortality in people at risk. One of the major determinants of plasma LDL-C levels is the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) that acts as a scavenger for cholesterol rich lipoprotein particles. Mutations that disrupt the function of the LDLR or lead to reduction in the number of LDLR usually result in elevated LDL-C in blood. In the current study, we identified, through whole-genome sequencing and imputation into a large fraction of the Icelandic population, four LDLR gene variants that affect non-HDL-C levels (that includes cholesterol in LDL and other pro-atherogenic lipoproteins) and risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Two variants are known and two are novel. One of them, a splice region variant in intron 14 (rs72658867-A), affects normal splicing and is predicted to generate a truncated LDLR, lacking domains essential for receptor function. Despite this, rs72658867-A lowers non-HDL-C substantially and protects against CAD in the general population, demonstrating that variants that disrupt the LDLR can result in lower cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannes Helgason
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Anna Helgadottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jacqueline de Graaf
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maryam S. Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I. R. Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I. R. Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I. R. Iran
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark
- Institute of Public Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lambertus A. Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Gudmundur Thorgeirsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F. Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- * E-mail: (UT); (KS)
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- * E-mail: (UT); (KS)
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Oddsson A, Sulem P, Helgason H, Edvardsson VO, Thorleifsson G, Sveinbjörnsson G, Haraldsdottir E, Eyjolfsson GI, Sigurdardottir O, Olafsson I, Masson G, Holm H, Gudbjartsson DF, Thorsteinsdottir U, Indridason OS, Palsson R, Stefansson K. Common and rare variants associated with kidney stones and biochemical traits. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7975. [PMID: 26272126 PMCID: PMC4557269 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney stone disease is a complex disorder with a strong genetic component. We conducted a genome-wide association study of 28.3 million sequence variants detected through whole-genome sequencing of 2,636 Icelanders that were imputed into 5,419 kidney stone cases, including 2,172 cases with a history of recurrent kidney stones, and 279,870 controls. We identify sequence variants associating with kidney stones at ALPL (rs1256328[T], odds ratio (OR)=1.21, P=5.8 × 10−10) and a suggestive association at CASR (rs7627468[A], OR=1.16, P=2.0 × 10−8). Focusing our analysis on coding sequence variants in 63 genes with preferential kidney expression we identify two rare missense variants SLC34A1 p.Tyr489Cys (OR=2.38, P=2.8 × 10−5) and TRPV5 p.Leu530Arg (OR=3.62, P=4.1 × 10−5) associating with recurrent kidney stones. We also observe associations of the identified kidney stone variants with biochemical traits in a large population set, indicating potential biological mechanism. Kidney stone formation is influenced by genetic factors and recurrent stone formation places a significant burden on health care systems. Here Oddsson et al. perform a large-scale genome-wide association study and uncover new genetic variants associated with kidney stone susceptibility and associated biochemical traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hannes Helgason
- 1] deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland [2] School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Vidar O Edvardsson
- 1] Children's Medical Center, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland [2] Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland [3] The Rare Kidney Stone Consortium, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gudmundur I Eyjolfsson
- Icelandic Medical Center (Laeknasetrid), Laboratory in Mjodd (RAM), Reykjavik 109, Iceland
| | - Olof Sigurdardottir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Akureyri Hospital, Akureyri, 600, Iceland
| | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Gisli Masson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- 1] deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland [2] School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- 1] deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland [2] Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Olafur S Indridason
- Division of Nephrology, Internal Medicine Services, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik Iceland
| | - Runolfur Palsson
- 1] Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland [2] The Rare Kidney Stone Consortium, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA [3] Division of Nephrology, Internal Medicine Services, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- 1] deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik 101, Iceland [2] Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
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Hultcrantz M, Lund SH, Landgren O, Samuelsson J, Goldin LR, Oddsson A, Björkholm M, Kristinsson SY. Survival in patients with familial and sporadic myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood 2015; 125:3665-6. [PMID: 26045595 PMCID: PMC4458805 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-04-639039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Malin Hultcrantz
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sigrún H Lund
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland Department of Hematology, Landspitali National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ola Landgren
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jan Samuelsson
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, South Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lynn R Goldin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Magnus Björkholm
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sigurdur Y Kristinsson
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland Department of Hematology, Landspitali National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Oddsson A, Kristinsson SY, Helgason H, Gudbjartsson DF, Masson G, Sigurdsson A, Jonasdottir A, Jonasdottir A, Steingrimsdottir H, Vidarsson B, Reykdal S, Eyjolfsson GI, Olafsson I, Onundarson PT, Runarsson G, Sigurdardottir O, Kong A, Rafnar T, Sulem P, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K. The germline sequence variant rs2736100_C in TERT associates with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Leukemia 2014; 28:1371-4. [PMID: 24476768 PMCID: PMC4051217 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Oddsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - S Y Kristinsson
- 1] Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland [2] Department of Hematology, Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - H Helgason
- 1] deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland [2] School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - G Masson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - H Steingrimsdottir
- Department of Hematology, Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - B Vidarsson
- Department of Hematology, Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - S Reykdal
- Department of Hematology, Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - I Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - P T Onundarson
- 1] Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland [2] Department of Hematology, Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - G Runarsson
- Department of Hematology, Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - O Sigurdardottir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Akureyri Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - A Kong
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - T Rafnar
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - P Sulem
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - U Thorsteinsdottir
- 1] deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland [2] Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - K Stefansson
- 1] deCODE Genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland [2] Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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48
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Styrkarsdottir U, Thorleifsson G, Sulem P, Gudbjartsson DF, Sigurdsson A, Jonasdottir A, Jonasdottir A, Oddsson A, Helgason A, Magnusson OT, Walters GB, Frigge ML, Helgadottir HT, Johannsdottir H, Bergsteinsdottir K, Ogmundsdottir MH, Center JR, Nguyen TV, Eisman JA, Christiansen C, Steingrimsson E, Jonasson JG, Tryggvadottir L, Eyjolfsson GI, Theodors A, Jonsson T, Ingvarsson T, Olafsson I, Rafnar T, Kong A, Sigurdsson G, Masson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K. Nonsense mutation in the LGR4 gene is associated with several human diseases and other traits. Nature 2013; 497:517-20. [DOI: 10.1038/nature12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Nishibori Y, Katayama K, Parikka M, Oddsson A, Nukui M, Hultenby K, Wernerson A, He B, Ebarasi L, Raschperger E, Norlin J, Uhlén M, Patrakka J, Betsholtz C, Tryggvason K. Glcci1 deficiency leads to proteinuria. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 22:2037-46. [PMID: 21949092 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2010111147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Unbiased transcriptome profiling and functional genomics approaches identified glucocorticoid-induced transcript 1 (GLCCI1) as being a transcript highly specific for the glomerulus, but its role in glomerular development and disease is unknown. Here, we report that mouse glomeruli express far greater amounts of Glcci1 protein compared with the rest of the kidney. RT-PCR and Western blotting demonstrated that mouse glomerular Glcci1 is approximately 60 kD and localizes to the cytoplasm of podocytes in mature glomeruli. In the fetal kidney, intense Glcci1 expression occurs at the capillary-loop stage of glomerular development. Using gene knockdown in zebrafish with morpholinos, morphants lacking Glcci1 function had collapsed glomeruli with foot-process effacement. Permeability studies of the glomerular filtration barrier in these zebrafish morphants demonstrated a disruption of the selective glomerular permeability filter. Taken together, these data suggest that Glcci1 promotes the normal development and maintenance of podocyte structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukino Nishibori
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Matrix Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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50
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Patrakka J, Xiao Z, Nukui M, Takemoto M, He L, Oddsson A, Perisic L, Kaukinen A, Szigyarto CAK, Uhlén M, Jalanko H, Betsholtz C, Tryggvason K. Expression and Subcellular Distribution of Novel Glomerulus-Associated Proteins Dendrin, Ehd3, Sh2d4a, Plekhh2, and 2310066E14Rik. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:689-97. [PMID: 17251388 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2006060675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The glomerular capillary tuft is a highly specialized microcapillary that is dedicated to function as a sophisticated molecular sieve. The glomerulus filter has a unique molecular composition, and several essential glomerular proteins are expressed in the kidney exclusively by glomerular podocytes. A catalog of >300 glomerulus-upregulated transcripts that were identified using expressed sequence tag profiling and microarray analysis was published recently. This study characterized the expression profile of five glomerulus-upregulated transcripts/proteins (ehd3, dendrin, sh2d4a, plekhh2, and 2310066E14Rik) in detail. The expression pattern of these novel glomerular transcripts in various mouse tissues was studied using reverse transcriptase-PCR, Northern blotting, and in situ hybridization. For studying the distribution of corresponding proteins, polyclonal antibodies were raised against the gene products, and Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunoelectron microscopic analyses were performed. Remarkably, it was discovered that all five transcripts/proteins were expressed in the kidney exclusively by glomerular cells. Ehd3 was expressed only by glomerular endothelial cells. Importantly, ehd3 is the first gene ever shown to be expressed exclusively by glomerular endothelial cells and not by other endothelial cells in the kidney. Dendrin, sh2d4a, plekhh2, and 2310066E14Rik, however, were transcribed solely by podocytes. With the use of polyclonal antibodies, dendrin, sh2d4a, and plekhh2 proteins were localized to the slit diaphragm and the foot process, whereas 2310066E14Rik protein was localized to the podocyte major processes and cell body. This study provides fresh insights into glomerular biology and uncovers new possibilities to explore the role of these novel proteins in the glomerular physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Patrakka
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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