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Blochberger M, Hupa L, Brauer DS. Influence of zinc and magnesium substitution on ion release from Bioglass 45S5 at physiological and acidic pH. BIOMEDICAL GLASSES 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/bglass-2015-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIon release of Mg- and Zn-substituted Bioglass 45S5 (46.1 SiO2-2.6 P2O5-26.9 CaO-24.3Na2O; mol%; with 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100% of calcium replaced bymagnesium/zinc) was investigated at pH 7.4 (Tris buffer) and pH 4 (acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer) in static and dynamic dissolution experiments. Despite Mg2+ and Zn2+ having the same charge and comparable ionic radii, they influenced the dissolution behaviour in very different ways. In Tris, Mgsubstituted glasses showed similar ion release as 45S5, while Zn-substituted glasses showed negligible ion release. At low pH, however, release behaviour was similar, with all glasses releasing large percentages of ions within a few minutes. Precipitation of crystalline phases also varied, as Mg- and Zn-substitution inhibited apatite formation, and Zn-substitution resulted in formation of zinc phosphate phases at low pH. These results are relevant for glasses used in aluminium-free glass ionomer bone cements, as they show that Zn/Mg-substituted glasses release ions similarly fast as glasses containing no Zn/Mg, suggesting that these ions are no prerequisite for ionomer glasses. Zn-substituted glasses may potentially be used as controlled-release materials, which release antibacterial zinc ions when needed only, i.e. at low pH conditions (e.g. bacterial infection), but not at normal physiological pH conditions.
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Cho JH, Upadhaya SD, Kim IH. Effects of dietary supplementation of modified zinc oxide on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, fecal microbial shedding and fecal score in weanling pigs. Anim Sci J 2014; 86:617-23. [PMID: 25473794 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and forty piglets ((Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc, 21 day of age) with an initial weight of 6.50 ± 0.71 kg, were randomly allotted into four treatments to determine the effects of a modified form of zinc oxide (ZnO) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, fecal microbial shedding and fecal score in weanling pigs. Dietary treatments were: (i) NC, negative control, basal diet containing zinc (Zn) from the premix; (ii) PC, positive control, basal diet containing Zn-free premix + 3000 ppm ZnO; (iii) H1, basal diet containing Zn-free premix + 3000 ppm ZnO (phase 1, days 1 to 14)/200 ppm modified ZnO (phase 2, days 15 to 42); (iv) H2, basal diet containing Zn-free premix + 300 ppm modified ZnO (phase 1)/200 ppm modified ZnO (phase 2). During days 1 to 14, average daily gains (ADG) were higher (P = 0.04) in PC, H1 and H2 groups than that in NC group. Overall, H1 treatment increased the ADG compared with NC (P = 0.05). On day 14, the alkaline phosphatase and plasma Zn concentration were increased (P = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively) in PC, H1 and H2 treatments compared with NC treatment. On days 14 and 42, the fecal Lactobacillus counts in NC group were lowest (P = 0.01, P = 0.04 respectively) among treatments. All supplemented groups showed lower (P = 0.03) fecal score than NC treatment on days 21 and 28. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with modified ZnO increased growth rates and reduced fecal scores in weanling pig. Modified ZnO could be used as a substitute to ZnO as a growth promoter and reduce Zn excretion to the environment because of the lower dosage. [Correction added on 3 February 2015, after first online publication: the initial weight of '6.50 ± 1.11 kg' has been replaced with '6.50 ± 0.71 kg' in the abstract.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ho Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | | | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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Chou J, Komuro M, Hao J, Kuroda S, Hattori Y, Ben-Nissan B, Milthorpe B, Otsuka M. Bioresorbable zinc hydroxyapatite guided bone regeneration membrane for bone regeneration. Clin Oral Implants Res 2014; 27:354-60. [PMID: 25363210 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the bone regenerative properties of a heat treated cross-linked GBR membrane with zinc hydroxyapatite powders in the rat calvarial defect model over a 6-week period. MATERIAL AND METHODS In vitro physio-chemical characterization involved X-ray diffraction analysis, surface topology by scanning electron microscopy, and zinc release studies in physiological buffers. Bilateral rat calvarial defects were used to compare the Zn-HAp membranes against the commercially available collagen membranes and the unfilled defect group through radiological and histological evaluation. RESULTS The synthesized Zn-MEM (100 μm thick) showed no zinc ions released in the phosphate buffer solution (PBS) buffer, but zinc was observed under acidic conditions. At 6 weeks, both the micro-CT and histological analyses revealed that the Zn-MEM group yielded significantly greater bone formation with 80 ± 2% of bone filled, as compared with 60 ± 5% in the collagen membrane and 40 ± 2% in the unfilled control group. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the use of heat treatment as an alternative method to cross-linking the Zn-MEM to be applied as a GBR membrane. Its synthesis and production are relatively simple to fabricate, and the membrane had rough surface features on one side, which might be beneficial for cellular activities. In a rat calvarial defect model, it was shown that new bone formation was accelerated in comparison with the collagen membrane and the unfilled defect groups. These results would suggest that Zn-MEM has the potential for further development in dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Chou
- Advanced Tissue Regeneration and Drug Delivery Group, Faculty of Science, P.O.Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Maki Komuro
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jia Hao
- Oral Implantology and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kuroda
- Oral Implantology and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hattori
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Besim Ben-Nissan
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce Milthorpe
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Makoto Otsuka
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
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Zheng J, Mao X, Ling J, He Q, Quan J. Low serum levels of zinc, copper, and iron as risk factors for osteoporosis: a meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 160:15-23. [PMID: 24908111 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) are essential trace elements for the growth, development, and maintenance of healthy bones. However, there are conflicting reports as to the relationship between serum level of Zn, Cu, or Fe and osteoporosis (OP). The purpose of the present study is to clarify the relationship between serum Zn, Cu, or Fe and OP using a meta-analysis approach. We searched all articles indexed in PubMed published up to May 2014 concerning the association between serum level of Zn, Cu, or Fe and OP. Eight eligible articles involving 2,188 subjects were identified. Overall, pooled analysis indicated that patients with OP had a lower serum level of Zn, Cu, or Fe than the healthy controls (Zn standardized mean difference (SMD) = -1.396, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [-2.129, -0.663]; Cu SMD = -0.386, 95% CI = [-0.538, -0.234]; Fe SMD = -0.22, 95% CI = [-0.30, -0.13]). Further subgroup analysis found that geographical location and gender had an influence on the serum level of Zn in OP and healthy controls, but not on the serum level of Cu or Fe. No evidence of publication bias was observed. In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests that low serum levels of Zn, Cu, and Fe seem to be important risk factors for OP and well-designed studies with adequate control for confounding factors are required in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmao Zheng
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, China
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Jin G, Cao H, Qiao Y, Meng F, Zhu H, Liu X. Osteogenic activity and antibacterial effect of zinc ion implanted titanium. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 117:158-65. [PMID: 24632388 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely used as orthopedic and dental implants. In this work, zinc (Zn) was implanted into oxalic acid etched titanium using plasma immersion ion implantation technology. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate the surface morphology and composition of Zn-implanted titanium. The results indicate that the depth profile of zinc in Zn-implanted titanium resembles a Gaussian distribution, and zinc exists in the form of ZnO at the surface whereas in the form of metallic Zn in the interior. The Zn-implanted titanium can significantly stimulate proliferation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells as well as initial adhesion, spreading activity, ALP activity, collagen secretion and extracellular matrix mineralization of the rat mesenchymal stem cells. The Zn-implanted titanium presents partly antibacterial effect on both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The ability of the Zn-implanted titanium to stimulate cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation as well as the antibacterial effect on E. coli can be improved by increasing implantation time even to 2 h in this work, indicating that the content of zinc implanted in titanium can easily be controlled within the safe concentration using plasma immersion ion implantation technology. The Zn-implanted titanium with excellent osteogenic activity and partly antibacterial effect can serve as useful candidates for orthopedic and dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiliang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanhao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongqin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China.
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Horiuchi S, Hiasa M, Yasue A, Sekine K, Hamada K, Asaoka K, Tanaka E. Fabrications of zinc-releasing biocement combining zinc calcium phosphate to calcium phosphate cement. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 29:151-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gomes S, Kaur A, Nedelec JM, Renaudin G. X-ray absorption spectroscopy shining (synchrotron) light onto the insertion of Zn2+in calcium phosphate ceramics and its influence on their behaviour under biological conditions. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:536-545. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21397h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chou J, Hao J, Kuroda S, Bishop D, Ben-Nissan B, Milthorpe B, Otsuka M. Bone regeneration of rat tibial defect by zinc-tricalcium phosphate (Zn-TCP) synthesized from porous Foraminifera carbonate macrospheres. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:5148-58. [PMID: 24351911 PMCID: PMC3877909 DOI: 10.3390/md11125148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Foraminifera carbonate exoskeleton was hydrothermally converted to biocompatible and biodegradable zinc-tricalcium phosphate (Zn-TCP) as an alternative biomimetic material for bone fracture repair. Zn-TCP samples implanted in a rat tibial defect model for eight weeks were compared with unfilled defect and beta-tricalcium phosphate showing accelerated bone regeneration compared with the control groups, with statistically significant bone mineral density and bone mineral content growth. CT images of the defect showed restoration of cancellous bone in Zn-TCP and only minimal growth in control group. Histological slices reveal bone in-growth within the pores and porous chamber of the material detailing good bone-material integration with the presence of blood vessels. These results exhibit the future potential of biomimetic Zn-TCP as bone grafts for bone fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Chou
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishitokyo-Shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan; E-Mail:
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; E-Mails: (D.B.); (B.B.-N.); (B.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +81-424-688-679
| | - Jia Hao
- Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; E-Mails: (J.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Shinji Kuroda
- Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; E-Mails: (J.H.); (S.K.)
| | - David Bishop
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; E-Mails: (D.B.); (B.B.-N.); (B.M.)
| | - Besim Ben-Nissan
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; E-Mails: (D.B.); (B.B.-N.); (B.M.)
| | - Bruce Milthorpe
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; E-Mails: (D.B.); (B.B.-N.); (B.M.)
| | - Makoto Otsuka
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishitokyo-Shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan; E-Mail:
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Ali S, Farooq I, Iqbal K. A review of the effect of various ions on the properties and the clinical applications of novel bioactive glasses in medicine and dentistry. Saudi Dent J 2013; 26:1-5. [PMID: 24526822 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive glass is a novel material that dissolves and forms a bond with bone when exposed to body fluids. Bioactive glasses are silicate-based, with calcium and phosphate in identical proportions to those of natural bone; therefore, they have high biocompatibility. Bioactive glasses have wide-ranging clinical applications, including the use as bone grafts, scaffolds, and coating materials for dental implants. This review will discuss the effects of ions on the various compositions of bioactive glasses, as well as the clinical applications of bioactive glasses in medicine and dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Ali
- Department of Oral Biology, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Imran Farooq
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kefi Iqbal
- Department of Dental Materials, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Suh KS, Lee YS, Seo SH, Kim YS, Choi EM. Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the function of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 155:287-94. [PMID: 23900646 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) can be ingested directly when used in food, food packaging, drug delivery, and cosmetics. This study evaluated the cellular effects of ZnO NPs (50 and 100 nm diameter particle sizes) on the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. ZnO NPs showed cytotoxicity at concentrations of above 50 μg/ml, and there was no significant effect of the size on the cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs. Within the testing concentrations of 0.01~1 μg/ml, which did not cause a marked drop in cell viability, ZnO NPs (0.1 μg/ml) caused a significant elevation of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen synthesis, mineralization, and osteocalcin content in the cells (P < 0.05). Moreover, pretreatment with ZnO NPs (0.01~1 μg/ml) significantly reduced antimycin A-induced cell damage by preventing mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation, complex IV inactivation, and ATP loss. Measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) indicated decrease in ROS level upon exposure to ZnO nanoparticles (0.01 μg/ml). Hence, our study indicated that ZnO nanoparticles can have protective effects on osteoblasts at low concentrations where there are little or no observable cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Sik Suh
- Research Institute of Endocrinology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, 1, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-702, South Korea
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61
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van Riet M, Millet S, Aluwé M, Janssens G. Impact of nutrition on lameness and claw health in sows. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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62
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Danscher G, Mosekilde L, Rungby J. Histochemical Detection of Zinc in Mineralizing Rat Bone: Autometallographic Tracing of Zinc Ions in the Mineralization Front, Osteocytes, and Osteoblasts. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.1999.22.2.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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63
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Jaiswal AK, Chhabra H, Kadam SS, Londhe K, Soni VP, Bellare JR. Hardystonite improves biocompatibility and strength of electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibers over hydroxyapatite: A comparative study. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:2926-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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64
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Gao F, Wang X, Li H, Ye X. New two-photon absorption organic chromophores containing imino and hydroxyl groups: synthesis, ESIPT and chemosensors. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.04.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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65
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Chemopreventive Effects of Selenium on Cancer Marker Indices and Ultrastructural Changes During 1,2 Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis in Rats. J Gastrointest Cancer 2012; 44:54-9. [PMID: 23138596 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-012-9451-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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66
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Shepherd JH, Shepherd DV, Best SM. Substituted hydroxyapatites for bone repair. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:2335-2347. [PMID: 22389101 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphates such as hydroxyapatite have a wide range of applications both in bone grafts and for the coating of metallic implants, largely as a result of their chemical similarity to the mineral component of bone. However, to more accurately mirror the chemistry, various substitutions, both cationic (substituting for the calcium) and anionic (substituting for the phosphate or hydroxyl groups) have been produced. Significant research has been carried out in the field of substituted apatites and this paper aims to summarise some of the key effect of substitutions including magnesium, zinc, strontium, silicon and carbonate on physical and biological characteristics. Even small substitutions have been shown to have very significant effects on thermal stability, solubility, osteoclastic and osteoblastic response in vitro and degradation and bone regeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Shepherd
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, New Museum's Site, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK.
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Gürsel FE, Ateş A, Bilal T, Altiner A. Effect of dietary Garcinia cambogia extract on serum essential minerals (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium) and trace elements (iron, copper, zinc) in rats fed with high-lipid diet. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 148:378-82. [PMID: 22419377 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Garcinia cambogia extract on serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) concentrations in rats fed with the normal or the high-lipid and -cholesterol diet. Thirty 1-year-old female Sprague-Dawley rats (pathogen-free), weighing an average of 229 g, were randomly assigned to three experimental groups of ten animals each. Diets and tap water were given ad libitum for 75 days. Group 1 (control group) was fed with basal diet (2 % liquid vegetable oil, 0 % cholesterol), while the diets of groups 2 and 3 contained vegetable oil (2 % liquid vegetable oil and 5 % hydrogenated vegetable oil) and cholesterol (3 %) in high levels. 4,5 % G. cambogia extract containing 65 % HCA was added to the diet of group 3 as from day 45. Blood samples were withdrawn on days 0, 45 and 75. Serum mineral levels were analyzed using standard enzymatic colorimetric methods with a spectrophotometer. All significant differences were p<0.05. Serum Ca levels were not significantly different between all groups on days 45 and 75. Serum P level was significantly higher in the group fed with high-lipid diet and G. cambogia extract than in the control group on day 45. Serum Mg level was significantly higher in group 2 than in the control group on day 45. Serum Fe levels were significantly lower in the control group than in the other groups on days 45 and 75. Serum Zn level of the group fed with high-lipid diet and G. cambogia extract was significantly higher than in the control group on day 75. Serum Cu levels were significantly higher in group 2 than in the control group, and in group 3 than in group 2 on day 75. In conclusion, a diet containing the high fat amounts may lead to the increase in circular levels of some minerals due to the short-chain fatty acid production lowering the luminal pH which increases mineral solubility, or serving as a fuel for mucosal cells and stimulating cell proliferation in the large intestine. G. cambogia extract may be used in the P and Cu deficiencies due to increases resulting in the present P and Cu amounts in G. cambogia extract, or the use of phytate P in diet. It was hoped that with further evidence-based study this product will enter to mainstream medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feraye Esen Gürsel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, 34320-Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Yamaguchi M. Nutritional factors and bone homeostasis: synergistic effect with zinc and genistein in osteogenesis. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 366:201-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Gomes S, Nedelec JM, Renaudin G. On the effect of temperature on the insertion of zinc into hydroxyapatite. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:1180-9. [PMID: 22186160 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Rietveld analysis of X-ray powder diffraction patterns recorded from 28 hydroxyapatite (HAp) samples containing various amounts of zinc (0, 1.6, 3.2 and 6.1wt.% Zn) and heat treated at various temperatures (between 500°C and 1100°C) has enabled the Zn insertion mechanism into the HAp crystal structure to be finely characterized. The formation of Zn-doped HAp was achieved above 900°C only. Zn-doped HAp has the Ca(10)Zn(x)(PO(4))(6)(OH)(2-2)(x)O(2)(x) (0<x⩽0.25) chemical composition with a constant Ca/P ratio of 1.67 due to the insertion mechanism into the hexagonal channel (partial occupancy of the 2b Wyckoff site with the formation of linear O-Zn-O entities). Samples heat treated at 500°C were almost single phase, HAp did not incorporate Zn and about half of the Zn atoms incorporated during the synthesis are not observable by X-ray powder diffraction (contained in an amorphous compound or physisorbed at the HAp surface). The reversible formation of Zn-doped β-TCP phase was observed at 600°C, reached its maximum content at 900°C and had almost vanished at 1100°C. The results presented here strengthen the recently described mechanism of Zn insertion in the interstitial 2b Wyckoff position of the HAp structure, and explain the origin of the contradictory reports in the corresponding literature.
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Shruti S, Salinas AJ, Malavasi G, Lusvardi G, Menabue L, Ferrara C, Mustarelli P, Vallet-Regì M. Structural and in vitro study of cerium, gallium and zinc containing sol–gel bioactive glasses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm31767b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Fielding GA, Bandyopadhyay A, Bose S. Effects of silica and zinc oxide doping on mechanical and biological properties of 3D printed tricalcium phosphate tissue engineering scaffolds. Dent Mater 2011; 28:113-22. [PMID: 22047943 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of silica (SiO(2)) (0.5 wt%) and zinc oxide (ZnO) (0.25 wt%) dopants on the mechanical and biological properties of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds with three dimensionally (3D) interconnected pores. METHODS Scaffolds were created with a commercial 3D printer. Post sintering phase analysis was determined by X-ray diffraction. Surface morphology of the scaffolds was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Mechanical strength was evaluated with a screw driven universal testing machine. MTT assay was used for cellular proliferation characteristics and cellular morphology was examined by FESEM. RESULTS Addition of dopants into TCP increased the average density of pure TCP from 90.8 ± 0.8% to 94.1 ± 1.6% and retarded the β to α phase transformation at high sintering temperatures, which resulted in up to 2.5 fold increase in compressive strength. In vitro cell-materials interaction studies, carried out using hFOB cells, confirmed that the addition of SiO(2) and ZnO to the scaffolds facilitated faster cell proliferation when compared to pure TCP scaffolds. SIGNIFICANCE Addition of SiO(2) and ZnO dopants to the TCP scaffolds showed increased mechanical strength as well as increased cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Fielding
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2920, USA
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72
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Salinas AJ, Shruti S, Malavasi G, Menabue L, Vallet-Regí M. Substitutions of cerium, gallium and zinc in ordered mesoporous bioactive glasses. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:3452-8. [PMID: 21672640 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ordered mesoporous glasses based on the 80% SiO(2)-15% CaO-5% P(2)O(5) system including up to 3.5% Ce(2)O(3), 3.5% Ga(2)O(3) or 7.0% ZnO (in mol.%) were synthesized by the evaporation-induced self-assembly process using Pluronic® 123 as a surfactant. An ordered hexagonal mesophase was observed in both the unsubstituted glass (denoted in this paper as B: blank) and glasses containing <0.4% of substituent by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. The increase in the amount of substituent led to a decrease in the mesopore order. B glass exhibited good textural properties: S(BET)=515m(2)g(-1), D(P)=4.7nm and V(P)=0.58cm(3)g(-1). With the inclusion of cerium, gallium and zinc oxides the textural properties decreased, but remained in amounts useful for clinical applications. Zinc-containing samples showed the highest decrement in the textural properties. Substituted glasses exhibited a quick in vitro bioactive response except when the ZnO content was over 0.4%. Taking into account the ordered mesoporosity, the quick in vitro bioactive response and the added values of the substituents, this new family of glasses are promising candidates for applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Salinas
- Departamento de Quimica Inorganica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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73
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Oh SA, Won JE, Kim HW. Composite membranes of poly(lactic acid) with zinc-added bioactive glass as a guiding matrix for osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomater Appl 2011; 27:413-22. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328211408944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to produce a degradable and bone-bioactive membrane for guiding bone regeneration by combining a degradable polymer, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), with a bioactive inorganic zinc-containing bioactive glass (ZnBG). The in vitro osteogenic development of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) upon different membrane substrates (pure PLA control, PLA–BG, and PLA–ZnBG) was investigated in terms of bone cell phenotype syntheses and mineralization. Results showed significantly stimulated production of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin at days 14 and 21 in the membranes containing BG and ZnBG, with more in the samples containing ZnBG. The addition of ZnBG in PLA allowed the rBMSCs to express a high level of bone sialoprotein as confirmed by immunostaining. Cellular mineralization of the secreted extracellular matrix showed a significantly higher Ca level on the BG- and ZnBG-added membrane than on the PLA, and the more so in the ZnBG-added one. Based on the in vitro assessments using rBMSCs, the ZnBG-added PLA is considered to be of potential use in guiding active bone regeneration within the periodontal pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ae Oh
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & WCU Research Center, Dankook University, South Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, South Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Won
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & WCU Research Center, Dankook University, South Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, South Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & WCU Research Center, Dankook University, South Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, South Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, South Korea
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74
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Brauer DS, Gentleman E, Farrar DF, Stevens MM, Hill RG. Benefits and drawbacks of zinc in glass ionomer bone cements. Biomed Mater 2011; 6:045007. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/6/4/045007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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75
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Oudadesse H, Dietrich E, Gal YL, Pellen P, Bureau B, Mostafa AA, Cathelineau G. Apatite forming ability and cytocompatibility of pure and Zn-doped bioactive glasses. Biomed Mater 2011; 6:035006. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/6/3/035006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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76
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Seo HJ, Cho YE, Kim T, Shin HI, Kwun IS. Zinc may increase bone formation through stimulating cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen synthesis in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Nutr Res Pract 2010; 4:356-61. [PMID: 21103080 PMCID: PMC2981717 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2010.4.5.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element required for bone formation, however not much has been clarified yet for its role in osteoblast. We hypothesized that zinc would increase osteogenetic function in osteoblasts. To test this, we investigated whether zinc treatment enhances bone formation by stimulating osteoblast proliferation, bone marker protein alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen synthesis in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured and treated with various concentrations of zinc (0, 1, 3, 15, 25 uM) along with a normal osteogenic medium (OSM) as control for 1, 5, 10 days. As measured by MTT assay for mitochondrial metabolic activity, cell proliferation was stimulated even at low zinc treatment (1-3 µM) compared to OSM, and it was stimulated in a zinc concentration-dependent manner during 5 and 10 days, with the most pronounced effect at 15 and 25 uM Zn. Cellular (synthesized) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was increased in a zinc concentration-dependent manner, so did medium (secreted) ALP activity. Cellular collagen concentration was increased by zinc as time went by, therefore with the maximum zinc stimulatory effect in 10 days, and medium collagen concentration showed the same pattern even on 1 and 5 day. This zinc stimulatory effect of collagen synthesis was observed in cell matrix collagen staining. The study results imply that zinc can increase osteogenic effect by stimulating cell proliferation, ALP activity and collagen synthesis in osteoblastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Seo
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Andong National University, 388 Songchun-dong, Andong, Kyungpook 760-749, Korea
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77
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Matos M, Terra J, Ellis DE. Mechanism of Zn stabilization in hydroxyapatite and hydrated (0 0 1) surfaces of hydroxyapatite. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:145502. [PMID: 21389531 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/14/145502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A basic understanding of Zn incorporation on bulk and hydrated (0 0 1) surfaces of hydroxyapatite (HA) is attained through electronic structure calculations which use a combined first principles density functional (DFT) and extended Hückel tight binding (EHTB) methodology. A Zn substituted hydroxyapatite relaxed structure is obtained through a periodic cell DFT geometry optimization method. Electronic structure properties are calculated by using both cluster DFT and periodic cell EHTB methods. Bond order calculations show that Zn preference for the Ca2 vacancy, near the OH channel and with greater structural flexibility, is associated with the formation of a four-fold (bulk) and nearly four-fold (surface) coordination, as in ZnO. When occupying the octahedral Ca1 vacancy, Zn remains six-fold in the bulk, but coordination decreases to five-fold in the surface. In the bulk and surface, Zn2 is found to be more covalent than Zn1, due to a decrease in bond lengths at the four-fold site, which approach the 1.99 Å ZnO value. Zn is however considerably less bound in the biomaterial than in the oxide, where calculated bond orders are twice as large as in HA. Surface phosphate groups (PO(4)) and hydroxide ions behave as compact individual units as in the bulk; no evidence is found for the presence of HPO(4). Ca-O bond orders decrease at the surface, with a consequent increase in ionicity. Comparison between DFT and EHTB results show that the latter method gives a good qualitative account of charge and bonding in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Matos
- Departamento de Física, PUC-Rio, Gávea, CEP 22453-900, Caixa Postal 38071, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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78
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The incorporation of strontium and zinc into a calcium-silicon ceramic for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2010; 31:3175-84. [PMID: 20117832 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study we developed novel scaffolds through the controlled substitution and incorporation of strontium and zinc into a calcium-silicon system to form Sr-Hardystonite (Sr-Ca(2)ZnSi(2)O(7), Sr-HT). The physical and biological properties of Sr-HT were compared to Hardystonite (Ca(2)ZnSi(2)O(7)) [HT]. We showed that Sr-HT scaffolds are porous with interconnected porous network (interconnectivity: 99%) and large pore size (300-500 microm) and an overall porosity of 78%, combined with a relatively high compressive strength (2.16+/-0.52 MPa). These properties are essential for enhancing bone ingrowth in load-bearing applications. Sr-HT ceramic scaffolds induced the attachment and differentiation of human bone derived cells (HOB), compared to that for the HT scaffolds. Sr-HT scaffolds enhanced expression of alkaline phosphatase, Runx-2, osteopontin, osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein. The in vivo osteoconductivity of the scaffolds was assessed at 3 and 6 weeks following implantation in tibial bone defects in rats. Histological staining revealed rapid new growth of bone into the pores of the 3D scaffolds with the Sr-HT and HT, relative to the beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP). In vivo, HT and Sr-HT produced distinct differences in the patterns of degradation of the materials, and their association with TRAP positive osteoclast-like cells with HT appearing more resistant compared to both Sr-HT and beta-TCP.
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79
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Yang L, Perez-Amodio S, Barrère-de Groot FYF, Everts V, van Blitterswijk CA, Habibovic P. The effects of inorganic additives to calcium phosphate on in vitro behavior of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Biomaterials 2010; 31:2976-89. [PMID: 20122718 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a medium-throughput system based on deposition of calcium phosphate films in multi-well tissue culture plates that can be used to study the effect of inorganic additives on the behavior of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in a standardized manner. All tested elements, copper, zinc, strontium, fluoride and carbonate were homogenously deposited into calcium phosphate films in varying concentrations by using a biomimetic approach. The additives affected morphology and composition of calcium phosphate films to different extent, depending on the concentration used. The effect on proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts depended on the compound and concentration tested. In general, copper and zinc ions showed an inhibitory effect on osteoblast proliferation, the effect of strontium was concentration dependent, whereas films containing fluoride and carbonate, respectively, augmented osteoblast proliferation. Copper and zinc had no effect or were mild inhibitory on osteoblast differentiation, while strontium, fluoride and carbonate ions demonstrated a clear decrease in differentiation in comparison to the control films without additives. Primary osteoclasts cultured on calcium phosphate films containing additives showed a significantly decreased resorptive activity as compared to the control, independent on the element incorporated. No cytotoxic effect of the elements in the concentrations tested was observed. The system presented in this study mimics bone mineral containing trace elements, making it useful for studying fundamental processes of bone formation and turnover. The present results can be used for modifying bone graft substitutes by addition of inorganic additives in order to affect their performance in bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yang
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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80
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Yamaguchi M. Role of nutritional zinc in the prevention of osteoporosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 338:241-54. [PMID: 20035439 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is known as an essential nutritional factor in the growth of the human and animals. Bone growth retardation is a common finding in various conditions associated with dietary zinc deficiency. Bone zinc content has been shown to decrease in aging, skeletal unloading, and postmenopausal conditions, suggesting its role in bone disorder. Zinc has been demonstrated to have a stimulatory effect on osteoblastic bone formation and mineralization; the metal directly activates aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, a rate-limiting enzyme at translational process of protein synthesis, in the cells, and it stimulates cellular protein synthesis. Zinc has been shown to stimulate gene expression of the transcription factors runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) that is related to differentiation into osteoblastic cells. Moreover, zinc has been shown to inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption due to inhibiting osteoclast-like cell formation from bone marrow cells and stimulating apoptotic cell death of mature osteoclasts. Zinc has a suppressive effect on the receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis. Zinc transporter has been shown to express in osteoblastic and osteoclastic cells. Zinc protein is involved in transcription. The intake of dietary zinc causes an increase in bone mass. beta-Alanyl-L: -histidinato zinc (AHZ) is a zinc compound, in which zinc is chelated to beta-alanyl-L: -histidine. The stimulatory effect of AHZ on bone formation is more intensive than that of zinc sulfate. Zinc acexamate has also been shown to have a potent-anabolic effect on bone. The oral administration of AHZ or zinc acexamate has the restorative effect on bone loss under various pathophysiologic conditions including aging, skeletal unloading, aluminum bone toxicity, calcium- and vitamin D-deficiency, adjuvant arthritis, estrogen deficiency, diabetes, and fracture healing. Zinc compounds may be designed as new supplementation factor in the prevention and therapy of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322-0001, USA.
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81
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Hesaraki S, Nemati R, Nazarian H. Physico-chemical andin vitrobiological study of zinc-doped calcium sulfate bone substitute. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 91:37-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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82
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Neel EAA, O'Dell LA, Chrzanowski W, Smith ME, Knowles JC. Control of surface free energy in titanium doped phosphate based glasses by co-doping with zinc. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 89:392-407. [PMID: 18837445 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To significantly improve the biocompatibility of titanium doped phosphate based glasses, codoping with zinc has been attempted. This study investigated the effect of doping a quaternary 15Na(2)O:30CaO:5TiO(2):50P(2)O(5) glass with zinc oxide (1, 3, and 5 mol %) on bulk, structural, surface, and biological properties; the results were compared with glasses free from ZnO and/or TiO(2). ZnO as adjunct to TiO(2) was effective in changing density, interchain bond forces, degradation behavior, and ions released from the degrading glasses. Incorporation of both TiO(2) and ZnO in T5Z1, T5Z3, and T5Z5 glasses reduced the level of Zn(2+) release by two to three orders of magnitude compared with glasses containing ZnO only (Z5). (31)P NMR results for T5Z1, T5Z3, and T5Z5 glasses showed the presence of Q(3) species suggesting that the TiO(2) is acting as a network former, and the phosphate network becomes slightly more connected with increasing ZnO incorporation. Regardless of their relative lower hydrophilicity and surface reactivity compared with the control glass free from TiO(2) and ZnO (T0Z0), these glasses have significantly higher surface reactivity compared with Thermanox. This has been also reflected in the maintenance of >98% viable Osteoblasts, proliferation rate, and expression level of osteoblastic marker genes in a comparable manner to Thermanox and T5 glasses, particularly T5Z1 and T5Z3 glasses. However, T0Z0 and Z5 glasses showed significantly reduced viability compared to Thermanox. Therefore, it can be concluded that ZnO doped titanium phosphate glasses, T5Z1 and T5Z3 in particular, can be promising substrates for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensanya Ali Abou Neel
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Austin O'Dell
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Wojciech Chrzanowski
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Edmund Smith
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Campbell Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
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83
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Hess SY, King JC. Effects of maternal zinc supplementation on pregnancy and lactation outcomes. Food Nutr Bull 2009; 30:S60-78. [PMID: 19472602 DOI: 10.1177/15648265090301s105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Observational studies in human populations suggest that maternal zinc deficiency during pregnancy may cause adverse pregnancy outcomes for the mother and fetus. Therefore, we reviewed the current evidence from studies of zinc supplementation, with or without other micronutrients, during pregnancy and lactation to assess its impact on maternal, fetal, and infant health. A meta-analysis of supplementation trials indicates a 14% reduction in premature delivery among zinc-supplemented women. Most studies found no significant impact of maternal zinc supplementation on infant birthweight, but a subset of studies conducted in underweight or zinc-deficient women suggests that there may be a positive effect of zinc supplementation in such women. However, the number of relevant studies is limited, and more information is needed to confirm these observations. The results for other pregnancy outcomes are inconsistent, and the number of available studies is small. Likewise, the impact of maternal zinc supplementation during pregnancy on infant postnatal growth and risk of infection is variable, and few studies are available. Thus, more research will be needed to allow definitive conclusions to be drawn, especially for the second half of infancy and later childhood. Studies found no adverse effects of maternal zinc supplementation on iron status during pregnancy. More information is required on other potential adverse effects, particularly with regard to a possible modifying effect of preexisting maternal zinc status. In view of the possible benefits of zinc supplementation for reducing the risk of premature delivery, the possible positive impact of zinc supplementation on infant birthweight among undernourished women, and the lack of reported adverse effects, zinc should be included in maternal supplements given during pregnancy in populations at risk for zinc deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Y Hess
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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84
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Effects of dietary lipid composition and inulin-type fructans on mineral bioavailability in growing rats. Nutrition 2009; 25:216-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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85
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Kim JT, Baek SH, Lee SH, Park EK, Kim EC, Kwun IS, Shin HI. Zinc-Deficient Diet Decreases Fetal Long Bone Growth Through Decreased Bone Matrix Formation in Mice. J Med Food 2009; 12:118-23. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2007.0647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Tak Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Heum Baek
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Kyun Park
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Hard Tissue and Bio-Tooth Regeneration, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental College, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sook Kwun
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, Gyeongpook, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-In Shin
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Hard Tissue and Bio-Tooth Regeneration, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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86
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Ovesen J, Møller-Madsen B, Nielsen PT, Christensen PH, Simonsen O, Hoeck HC, Laursen MB, Thomsen JS. Differences in zinc status between patients with osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2009; 23:1-8. [PMID: 19203710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Zinc has been suggested to play an important role in the development of osteoporosis, whereas the influence of zinc on osteoarthritis has attracted much less attention. The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the zinc status and bone turnover, density, and biomechanical properties of osteoarthritic and osteoporotic patients. The study comprised 40 women who underwent hip replacement due to osteoarthritis or osteoporosis. Serum and urine zinc content, and bone resorption markers and serum bone formation markers were determined. The unaffected hip and the exarticulated affected femoral head underwent DEXA scanning. Bone biopsies were obtained from the femoral heads and the biomechanical properties were determined. The biopsies were ashed and the bone zinc content was ascertained. Osteoarthritic patients had significantly higher serum zinc concentrations and lower urine zinc concentrations than osteoporotic patients, whereas the bone zinc content did not differ. The zinc status was not found to be a predictor for the bone strength. In conclusion, the finding that the zinc status of osteoporotic patients is significantly different from that of osteoartritic patients is new and supports the view that osteoporosis and osteoarthritis rarely occur in the same individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Ovesen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Randers Regional Hospital, DK-8900 Randers, Denmark.
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87
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The effect of Zn contents on phase composition, chemical stability and cellular bioactivity in Zn-Ca-Si system ceramics. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2008; 87:346-53. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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88
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Ramaswamy Y, Wu C, Zhou H, Zreiqat H. Biological response of human bone cells to zinc-modified Ca-Si-based ceramics. Acta Biomater 2008; 4:1487-97. [PMID: 18501689 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Revised: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Calcium silicate (CaSiO(3)) ceramics have received considerable attention in recent years due to their excellent bioactivity and degradability. However, their poor chemical stability limits their biological applications. Hardystonite (Ca(2)ZnSi(2)O(7)) ceramics are Ca-Si-based materials developed by incorporating zinc into the Ca-Si system to improve their chemical stability. However, the biological responses of Ca(2)ZnSi(2)O(7) to bone cells are unknown. The objective of this study is to investigate and compare the in vitro responses of human osteoblast-like cells (HOBs) and osteoclasts when cultured on Ca(2)ZnSi(2)O(7) and CaSiO(3) ceramic disks. The ability of Ca(2)ZnSi(2)O(7) ceramics to support HOB attachment, cytoskeleton organization, proliferation and differentiation was assessed by scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, alkaline phosphatase activity and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our results show that Ca(2)ZnSi(2)O(7) supported HOB attachment with a well-organized cytoskeleton structure, and significantly increased cellular proliferation and differentiation compared to CaSiO(3). In addition, Ca(2)ZnSi(2)O(7) showed increased expression levels of osteoblast-related mRNAs (alkaline phosphatase, collagen type I, osteocalcin, receptor activator of NF(kappa)B ligand and osteoprotegerin) compared to CaSiO(3). Ca(2)ZnSi(2)O(7) ceramic supported the formation of mature and functional osteoclasts and formed resorption imprints. On CaSiO(3) ceramics, the cells failed to differentiate from the monocytes into osteoclasts. Taken together, these results indicate that Hardystonite ceramics are conducive to both types of bone cells, osteoblast-like cells and osteoclasts, suggesting their potential use for skeletal tissue regeneration and as coatings onto currently available orthopedic and dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogambha Ramaswamy
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, Biomedical Engineering, School of AMME, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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89
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Gou Z, Weng W, Du P, Han G, Yan W. Tailoring of multilayered core-shell nanostructure for multicomponent administration and controllable release of biologically active ions. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 85:909-18. [PMID: 17896764 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The biomaterials that can control the active ions delivery to enhance cell activity are regarded as promising bone regenerative materials. In this study, a new approach aiming to layer-by-layer (LbL) assemble the bioavailable zinc ions in the core-shell-like silica@octacalcium phosphate (OCP) nanosphere and to analyze its efficacy on improving controlled-release was reported. Firstly, a pH-responsive electrostatic interaction was used to adsorb zinc ions on silica nanospheres with different zinc concentration, which was followed by coating silica gel layer. Then the nanospheres were LbL assembled with zinc ions and silica gel alternately until the desired multilayered nanospheres were achieved. Finally, the porous OCP shells were capped onto the outside surface of the nanospheres tailored by poly(aspartic acid) sodium molecules. The ion release tests in Tris buffers in vitro indicated that zinc release was controlled by pH and storage capacity, and silicon release was regulated by the OCP shell barrier. A temporal gradient within short times and sustained-dosage for a prolonged time toward the zinc and silicon ions could be obtained in this multilayer system. The results of this organized active ion assembly might open a promising future direction for effective delivery of trace elements in bone defect therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongru Gou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 37, Hangzhou 310027, China
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90
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Mölders M, Felix J, Bingmann D, Hirner A, Wiemann M. Uptake of nickel from 316L stainless steel into contacting osteoblastic cells and metal ion interference with BMP-2-induced alkaline phosphatase. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 83:303-12. [PMID: 17437303 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bone cells contacting nickel (Ni)-containing implant materials may be affected by Ni species via disturbed signaling pathways involved in bone cell development. Here we analyze effects of the Ni-containing steel 316L and major metal constituents thereof on bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of MC3T3-E1 cells. While cells grew normally on 316L, cellular Ni content increased 10-fold vs. control within 4 days. With respect to the major components of 316L, Ni2+ (3-50 microM) was most inhibitory to BMP-2-induced ALP, whereas even 50 microM Fe3+, Cr3+, Mo5+, or Mn2+ had no such effect. In line with this, BMP-2-induced ALP was significantly reduced in cells on 316L. This effect was not prevented by the metal ion chelator diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). Instead, DTPA abolished the stimulatory effect of BMP-2 on ALP, pointing to chelatable metal ions involved. Zn2+, as one possible candidate, antagonized the Ni2+ inhibition of BMP-2-induced ALP in both MC3T3-E1 and human bone marrow stromal cells. Results show that cells contacting 316L steel are exposed to increased concentrations of Ni which suffice to impair BMP-2-induced ALP activity. Zn2+, as a competitor of this inhibition, may help to restore normal osteoblastic function and bone development under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mölders
- Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
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91
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Cho YE, Lomeda RAR, Ryu SH, Sohn HY, Shin HI, Beattie JH, Kwun IS. Zinc deficiency negatively affects alkaline phosphatase and the concentration of Ca, Mg and P in rats. Nutr Res Pract 2007; 1:113-9. [PMID: 20535396 PMCID: PMC2882585 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2007.1.2.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Revised: 06/01/2007] [Accepted: 06/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Zn is an essential nutrient that is required in humans and animals for many physiological functions, including immune and antioxidant function, growth, and reproduction. The present study evaluated whether Zn deficiency would negatively affect bone-related enzyme, ALP, and other bone-related minerals (Ca, P and Mg) in rats. Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to one of the three different Zn dietary groups, such as Zn adequate (ZA, 35 mg/kg), pair fed (PF, 35 mg/kg), Zn deficient (ZD, 1 mg/kg) diet, and fed for 10 weeks. Food intake and body weight were measured daily and weekly, respectively. ALP was measured by spectrophotometry and mineral contents were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrophotometer (ICP-MS). Zn deficient rats showed decreased food intake and body weight compared with Zn adequate rats (p<0.05). Zn deficiency reduced ALP activity in blood (RBC, plasma) and the tissues (liver, kidney and small intestine) (p<0.05). Also, Zn deficiency reduced mineral concentrations in rat tissues (Ca for muscle and liver, and Mg for muscle and liver) (p<0.05). The study results imply the requirement of proper Zn nurture for maintaining bone growth and formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong, Gyeongpook 760-749, Korea
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92
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Aina V, Perardi A, Bergandi L, Malavasi G, Menabue L, Morterra C, Ghigo D. Cytotoxicity of zinc-containing bioactive glasses in contact with human osteoblasts. Chem Biol Interact 2007; 167:207-18. [PMID: 17399695 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Revised: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive glasses such as Hench's 45S5 have applications to tissue engineering and bone repair: the insertion of zinc has been proposed to improve their bone-bonding ability and to slacken their dissolution in extracellular body fluids. In view of a potential clinical application, we have investigated whether zinc-containing 45S5 (HZ) glasses might be cytotoxic for human MG-63 osteoblasts. In our experimental conditions, after 24h of incubation HZ glasses released significant amounts of Zn(2+) and induced in MG-63 cells release of lactate dehydrogenase (index of cytotoxicity) and the following indexes of oxidative stress: (i) accumulation of intracellular malonyldialdehyde, (ii) increased activity of pentose phosphate pathway, (iii) increased expression of heme oxygenase-1, (iv) increased activity of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase, (v) decreased level of intracellular thiols. These effects were inversely related to the zinc content of glass powders, were mimicked by ZnCl(2) solutions and were prevented by either metal chelators (EDTA, NTA) or the antioxidant ascorbate, suggesting that Zn(2+) released fastly from HZ glasses can cause MG-63 cell damage via an oxidative stress. This work highlights the importance of designing Zn-containing bioactive glasses without cytotoxic effects and gives supplementary information about the prooxidant role of zinc in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Aina
- Department of Chemistry IFM and Centre of Excellence NIS, University of Torino, Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
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93
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Cerovic A, Miletic I, Sobajic S, Blagojevic D, Radusinovic M, El-Sohemy A. Effects of zinc on the mineralization of bone nodules from human osteoblast-like cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2007; 116:61-71. [PMID: 17634628 DOI: 10.1007/bf02685919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2006] [Revised: 09/08/2006] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is an important mineral that is required for normal bone development. However, the direct effects of zinc on the mineralization of bone cells of human origin are not clear. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of zinc on the differentiation of SaOS-2 human osteoblastlike cells and the formation of mineralized bone nodules. Cells were cultured for 8 d and then transferred to zinc-free medium and treated with varying concentrations (0-50 microM) of zinc. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was used as a measure of osteoblast differentiation, and bone nodules were detected by von Kossa staining. After 4, 6, and 8 d of treatment, zinc increased ALP activity at 1 and 10 microM, but decreased activity at 50 microM. After 9 d of treatment, zinc increased both the number and area of mineralized bone nodules at low concentrations (1 and 10 microM), but decreased both at higher concentrations (25 and 50 microM). These findings demonstrate that zinc has biphasic effects on the differentiation and mineralization of human osteoblast-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Cerovic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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94
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Jaroch DB, Clupper DC. Modulation of zinc release from bioactive sol–gel derived SiO2-CaO-ZnO glasses and ceramics. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 82:575-88. [PMID: 17315234 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element which may be effective in promoting hard tissue healing. Glasses in the SiO(2)-CaO-ZnO system were synthesized via sol-gel methods. Using a constant silica content (70 mol %), the ratio of Ca to Zn was varied (1.5, 3.5, or 6.5), as was the stabilization temperature (650, 750, or 850 degrees C), to examine such effects on the bioactive response and zinc release in simulated body fluid (SBF). XRD revealed the development of CaSiO(3) and Ca(2)ZnSi(2)O(7) crystalline phases during stabilization at 850 degrees C only. N(2) adsorption analysis determined that the specific surface area (BET) varied between 14 and 179 m(2)/g and was dependent on composition and stabilization temperature, as was the average initial pore size (51-125 A). The formation of hydroxycarbonate (HCA) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) was observed at 14 days for samples stabilized at 650 or 750 degrees C. Only ACP layers were observed on such samples prior to 14 day. Relative to the Ca levels at 14 day (60-485 microg/ml), Zn levels in solution were relatively low (0.06-1.18 microg/ml). EDX and ICP data suggested that released Zn was incorporated into the forming calcium phosphate reaction layer, thereby preventing concentrations of the essential trace element from reaching potentially toxic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Jaroch
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA
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95
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Mollard RC, Weiler HA. Dietary arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid elevate femur calcium and reduce zinc content in piglets. Pediatr Res 2006; 60:418-22. [PMID: 16940244 DOI: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000238255.83621.5e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Specific dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and long chain PUFAs (LCPUFAs) elevate femur calcium content and enhance calcium balance. Mother's milk is associated with enhanced calcium balance and contains LCPUFAs; arachidonic acid (AA), and docosahexanoic acid (DHA). However, the effect of AA and DHA on calcium metabolism and other bone minerals during infancy is unknown. Thus, piglets received one of four formulas (15 d): control or with AA:DHA (0.5:0.1 g, 1.0:0.2 g, or 2.0:0.4 g/100 g of fat). Calcium absorption, femur mineral composition, and urinary mineral excretion. Main effects identified using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc analysis conducted using Duncan's multiple range test. Significant effects of diet were observed in femur calcium and zinc content, but not calcium absorption, urinary mineral excretion, femur ash weight, femur phosphorus, or femur magnesium content. The piglets receiving AA:DHA as 1.0:0.2 g/100 g of fat had 1.9% higher mg calcium/g of ash, but 8.6% lower mug zinc/g of ash compared with control. Thus, AA:DHA in a ratio of 5:1 does not affect mineral accretion, but AA plus DHA, in amounts similar to the upper limit of human milk, might be detrimental to bone mineralization over time due to lower zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Mollard
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
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96
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Hanai Y, Tokuda H, Yasuda E, Noda T, Ohta T, Takai S, Kozawa O. Up-regulation by zinc of FGF-2-induced VEGF release through enhancing p44/p42 MAP kinase activation in osteoblasts. Life Sci 2006; 80:230-4. [PMID: 17020773 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Revised: 08/18/2006] [Accepted: 09/05/2006] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) activates stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) and p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase resulting in the stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. In the present study, we investigated whether zinc affects the VEGF release by FGF-2 in MC3T3-E1 cells. The FGF-2-induced VEGF release was significantly enhanced by ZnSO(4) but not Na(2)SO(4). The enhancing effect of ZnSO(4) was dose-dependent between 1 and 100 muM. ZnSO(4) markedly enhanced the FGF-2-induced phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase while having little effect on the SAPK/JNK phosphorylation. PD98059 significantly reduced the amplification by ZnSO(4) of the FGF-2-stimulated VEGF release. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that zinc enhances FGF-2-stimulated VEGF release resulting from up-regulating activation of p44/p42 MAP kinase in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Hanai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital for Geriatric Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
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97
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Ito A, Senda K, Sogo Y, Oyane A, Yamazaki A, LeGeros RZ. Dissolution rate of zinc-containing β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics. Biomed Mater 2006; 1:134-9. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/1/3/007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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98
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Du RL, Chang J, Ni SY, Zhai WY, Wang JY. Characterization and in vitro bioactivity of zinc-containing bioactive glass and glass-ceramics. J Biomater Appl 2006; 20:341-60. [PMID: 16443621 DOI: 10.1177/0885328206054535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Zinc-containing glass is prepared by the substitution of CaO in 58S bioactive glass with 0.5 and 4 wt% ZnO, and glass-ceramics are obtained by heat-treating the glass at 1,200 C. The bending strength and in vitro bioactivity of the glass and glass-ceramics are evaluated. The results indicate that Zn promotes the crystallization of SiO(2) and wollastonite in glass-ceramics, and proper crystallization can enhance the bending strength of the glass-ceramic. The in vitro results show that ZnO in glass retards the hydroxyapatite (HA) nucleation at the initial stage of simulated body fluid (SBF) soaking, but does not affect the growth of HA after long periods of soaking, and the ionic products of 58S4Z glass can stimulate the proliferation of osteoblast at certain concentrations. Osteoblasts attach well on both glass samples and glass-ceramic samples, but the high Si ion concentration released from glass samples restrains the proliferation of osteoblasts after 3 days of culture. In contrast, osteoblasts show good proliferation on glass-ceramic samples, and ZnO in glass-ceramics promotes the proliferation rate. The results in this study suggest that the glass and glass-ceramics with different ZnO content might be used as bioactive bone implant materials in different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lin Du
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 200050
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99
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González-Reimers E, Durán-Castellón MC, Martín-Olivera R, López-Lirola A, Santolaria-Fernández F, De la Vega-Prieto MJ, Pérez-Ramírez A, García-Valdecasas Campelo E. Effect of Zinc supplementation on ethanol-mediated bone alterations. Food Chem Toxicol 2005; 43:1497-505. [PMID: 15964119 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol consumption leads to bone alterations, mainly osteoporosis. Ethanol itself may directly alter bone synthesis, but other factors, such as accompanying protein malnutrition--frequently observed in alcoholics, chronic alcoholic myopathy with muscle atrophy, alcohol induced hypogonadism or hypercortisolism, or liver damage, may all contribute to altered bone metabolism. Some data suggest that zinc may exert beneficial effects on bone growth. Based on these facts, we analyzed the relative and combined effects of ethanol, protein malnutrition and treatment with zinc, 227 mg/l in the form of zinc sulphate, on bone histology, biochemical markers of bone formation (osteocalcin) and resorption (urinary hydroxyproline excretion), and hormones involved in bone homeostasis (insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1), vitamin D, parathormone (PTH), free testosterone and corticosterone), as well as the association between these parameters and muscle fiber area and liver fibrosis, in eight groups of adult Sprague Dawley rats fed following the Lieber de Carli model during 5 weeks. Ethanol showed an independent effect on TBV (F=14.5, p<0.001), causing it to decrease, whereas a low protein diet caused a reduction in osteoid area (F=8.9, p<0.001). Treatment with zinc increased osteoid area (F=11.2, p<0.001) and serum vitamin D levels (F=3.74, p=0.057). Both ethanol (F=45, p<0.001) and low protein diet (F=46.8, p<0.01) decreased serum osteocalcin levels. Ethanol was the only factor independently related with serum IGF-1 (F=130.24, p<0.001), and also showed a synergistic interaction with protein deficiency (p=0.027). In contrast, no change was observed in hydroxyproline excretion and serum PTH levels. No correlation was found between TBM and muscle atrophy, liver fibrosis, corticosterone, or free testosterone levels, but a significant relationship was observed between type II-b muscle fiber area and osteoid area (rho=0.34, p<0.01). Osteoporosis is, therefore, present in alcohol treated rats. Both alcohol and protein deficiency lead to reduced bone formation. Muscle atrophy is related to osteoid area, suggesting a role for chronic alcoholic myopathy in decreased bone mass. Treatment with zinc increases osteoid area, but has no effect on TBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- E González-Reimers
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario, 38320 Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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100
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Yamaguchi M, Igarashi A, Sakai M, Degawa H, Ozawa Y. Prolonged Intake of Dietary Fermented Isoflavone-Rich Soybean Reinforced with Zinc Affects Circulating Bone Biochemical Markers in Aged Individuals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.51.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Molecular Metabolism, Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Aki Igarashi
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Molecular Metabolism, Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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