51
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Reconstruction of rod self-aggregates of natural bacteriochlorophylls-c from Chloroflexus aurantiacus. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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52
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Tsukatani Y, Harada J, Mizoguchi T, Tamiaki H. Bacteriochlorophyll homolog compositions in the bchU mutants of green sulfur bacteria. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2013; 12:2195-201. [DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50253h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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53
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Panda MK, Ladomenou K, Coutsolelos AG. Porphyrins in bio-inspired transformations: Light-harvesting to solar cell. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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54
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Shoji S, Hashishin T, Tamiaki H. Construction of Chlorosomal Rod Self-Aggregates in the Solid State on Any Substrates from Synthetic Chlorophyll Derivatives Possessing an Oligomethylene Chain at the 17-Propionate Residue. Chemistry 2012; 18:13331-41. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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55
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Chen Z, Fimmel B, Würthner F. Solvent and substituent effects on aggregation constants of perylene bisimide π-stacks--a linear free energy relationship analysis. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:5845-55. [PMID: 22391667 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob07131b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of six perylene bisimides (PBIs) with hydrophilic and hydrophobic side chains at the imide nitrogens were applied for a comparative study of the solvent and structural effects on the aggregation behaviour of this class of dyes. A comparison of the binding constants in tetrachloromethane at room temperature revealed the highest binding constant of about 10(5) M(-1) for a PBI bearing 3,4,5-tridodecyloxyphenyl substituents at the imide nitrogens, followed by 3,4,5-tridodecylphenyl and alkyl-substituted PBIs, whereas no aggregation could be observed in the accessible concentration range for PBIs equipped with bulky 2,6-diisopropylphenyl substituents at the imide nitrogens. The aggregation behaviour of three properly soluble compounds was investigated in 17 different solvents covering a broad polarity range from nonpolar n-hexane to highly polar DMSO and water. Linear free energy relationships (LFER) revealed a biphasic behaviour between Gibbs free energies of aggregation and common empirical solvent polarity scales indicating particularly strong π-π stacking interactions in nonpolar aliphatic and polar alcoholic solvents whilst the weakest binding is observed in dichloromethane and chloroform. Accordingly, PBI aggregation is dominated by electrostatic interactions in nonpolar solvents and by solvophobic interactions in protic solvents. In water, the aggregation constant is increased far beyond LFER expectations pointing at a pronounced hydrophobic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Chen
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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56
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Kobuke Y. Porphyrin supramolecules by complementary coordination for units constructing photosynthetic systems. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424604000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Among unique structural arrangements provided by nature, special pair and macroring antenna complexes in bacterial photosynthetic systems have been mimicked by simple organization of choromophores. The special pair was mimicked by imidazolyl-substituted porphyrinatozinc which gave a complementary coordination dimer of slipped cofacial orientation with an extremely large stability constant of 1010 M-1 in CHCl 3. When two imidazolylporphyrinatozinc units were linked directly at the meso positions, linear and continuous growth of the complementary coordination lead to porphyrin arrays of a few hundreds nanometer scale, corresponding to molecular weights of a few 105. At the same time, the porphyrin array could be dissociated into the monomeric unit by competitive coordination of solvents. This provided a way of terminating or initiating the oligomeric porphyrin array with appropriate chain terminals/initiators. Two imidazolylporphyrinatozinc complexes were then linked by a m-phenylene unit with an angle of 120°. The linear and macrocyclic oligomer mixtures initially obtained were converged smoothly by reorganization equilibrium into a mixture of hexameric and pentameric macrocycles under high-dilution conditions. The ring mimicked the structure and function of the light harvesting complexes of bacterial photosynthetic systems. The covalent linking of coordination organized porphyrins was also developed to maintain the structure even in highly coordinating solvents such as pyridine. The linear array formation and the facile introduction of specific terminal/initiator groups by complementary coordination were then applied to introduce antenna function onto solar cell. Through thiolate attachment on a gold surface, imidazolylporphyrinatozinc initiated the growth of meso-meso linked porphyrin arrays by successive complementary coordination. This methodology improved the efficiency of absorption of incident photon and increased significantly the total photocurrent generation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Kobuke
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
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57
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Jesorka A, Holzwarth AR, Eichhöfer A, Reddy CM, Kinoshita Y, Tamiaki H, Katterle M, Naubron JV, Balaban TS. Water coordinated zinc dioxo-chlorin and porphyrin self-assemblies as chlorosomal mimics: variability of supramolecular interactions. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:1069-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c2pp25016k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sengupta S, Würthner F. Covalently stabilized self-assembled chlorophyll nanorods by olefin metathesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:5730-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc32314a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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59
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Sengupta S, Uemura S, Patwardhan S, Huber V, Grozema FC, Siebbeles LDA, Baumeister U, Würthner F. Columnar Mesophases Based on Zinc Chlorophyll Derivatives Functionalized with Peripheral Dendron Wedges. Chemistry 2011; 17:5300-10. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanchita Sengupta
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 931‐31‐84756
| | - Shinobu Uemura
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 931‐31‐84756
| | - Sameer Patwardhan
- OptoElectronic Materials Section, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft (The Netherlands)
| | - Valerie Huber
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 931‐31‐84756
| | - Ferdinand C. Grozema
- OptoElectronic Materials Section, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft (The Netherlands)
| | - Laurens D. A. Siebbeles
- OptoElectronic Materials Section, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft (The Netherlands)
| | - Ute Baumeister
- Martin‐Luther‐Universität Halle‐Wittenberg, Institut für Chemie, Physikalische Chemie, von‐Danckelmann‐Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Germany)
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany), Fax: (+49) 931‐31‐84756
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Kunieda M, Mizoguchi T, Tamiaki H. Diastereoselective Self-aggregation of Synthetic 3-(1-Hydroxyethyl)-bacteriopyrochlophyll-a as a Novel Photosynthetic Antenna Model Absorbing Near the Infrared Region¶. Photochem Photobiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2004.tb09857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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61
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Tamiaki H, Morishita H. Vibrational Spectroscopic Analysis of Self-Aggregates of Synthetic Zinc and Cadmium 131-18O-Labeled Bacteriochlorophyll-dAnalogs. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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62
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Self-aggregates of natural chlorophylls and their synthetic analogues in aqueous media for making light-harvesting systems. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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63
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Morishita H, Mizoguchi T, Tamiaki H. Synthesis of ¹⁸O-labeled photosynthetically active chlorophylls at the 3- or 7-carbonyl group with high regioselectivity. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2010; 105:257-263. [PMID: 20803070 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-010-9590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The 3- and 7-formyl groups of chlorophyll-d (Chl-d) and bacteriochlorophyll-e (BChl-e), respectively, were regioselectively labeled with an isotopically stable oxygen-18 (¹⁸O) atom to give 3¹-¹⁸O-labeled Chl-d and 7¹-¹⁸O-labeled BChl-e (ca. 90% ¹⁸O) by exchanging the carbonyl oxygen atoms in the presence of acidic H₂ ¹⁸O (ca. 95% ¹⁸O). Another photosynthetically active chlorophyll, BChl-a possessing the 3-acetyl group was treated under similar acidic conditions to afford a trace amount of 3¹-¹⁸O-labeled BChl-a and further demetallated compound, the corresponding 3¹-¹⁸O-labeled bacteriopheophytin-a as the major product with 55% ¹⁸O-degree. The FT-IR spectra of ¹⁸O-(un)labeled chlorophylls in the solution and the solid states showed that the 3- and 7-carbonyl stretching vibration modes moved to about a 30-cm⁻¹ lower wavenumber by ¹⁸O-labeling at the 3¹- and 7¹-oxo moieties. In artificial chlorosome-like self-aggregates of BChl-e, the ¹⁸O-labeled 7-carbonyl stretching mode was completely resolved from the specially hydrogen-bonded 13-C=O stretching mode, evidently indicating no interaction of the 7-CHO with other functional groups in the supramolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetada Morishita
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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Spectral properties of single light-harvesting complexes in bacterial photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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66
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Sridharan A, Muthuswamy J, Pizziconi VB. Optoelectronic energy transfer at novel biohybrid interfaces using light harvesting complexes from Chloroflexus aurantiacus. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:6508-6516. [PMID: 19405485 DOI: 10.1021/la900112p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In nature, nanoscale supramolecular light harvesting complexes initiate the photosynthetic energy collection process at high quantum efficiencies. In this study, the distinctive antenna structure from Chloroflexus aurantiacusthe chlorosomeis assessed for potential exploitation in novel biohybrid optoelectronic devices. Electrochemical characterization of bacterial fragments containing intact chlorosomes with the photosynthetic apparatus show an increase in the charge storage density near the working electrode upon light stimulation and suggest that chlorosomes contribute approximately one-third of the overall photocurrent. Further, isolated chlorosomes (without additional photosynthetic components, e.g., reaction centers, biochemical mediators) produce a photocurrent (approximately 8-10 nA) under light saturation conditions. Correlative experiments indicate that the main chlorosome pigment, bacteriochlorophyll-c, contributes to the photocurrent via an oxidative mechanism. The results reported herein are the first to demonstrate that isolated chlorosomes (lipid-enclosed sacs of pigments) directly transduce light energy in an electrochemical manner, laying an alternative, biomimetic approach for designing photosensitized interfaces in biofuel cells and biomedical devices, such as bioenhanced retinal prosthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arati Sridharan
- Harrington Department of Bioengineering, Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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Brandel J, Trabolsi A, Traboulsi H, Melin F, Koepf M, Wytko JA, Elhabiri M, Weiss J, Albrecht-Gary AM. Molecular Tools for the Self-Assembly of Bisporphyrin Photodyads: A Comprehensive Physicochemical and Photophysical Study. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:3743-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ic802407x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Brandel
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Bioinorganique, ULP-CNRS (UMR 7177), Institut de Chimie, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67200 Strasbourg, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie des Ligands à Architecture Contrôlée, ULP-CNRS (UMR 7177), Institut de Chimie, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ali Trabolsi
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Bioinorganique, ULP-CNRS (UMR 7177), Institut de Chimie, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67200 Strasbourg, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie des Ligands à Architecture Contrôlée, ULP-CNRS (UMR 7177), Institut de Chimie, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Hassan Traboulsi
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Bioinorganique, ULP-CNRS (UMR 7177), Institut de Chimie, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67200 Strasbourg, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie des Ligands à Architecture Contrôlée, ULP-CNRS (UMR 7177), Institut de Chimie, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric Melin
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Bioinorganique, ULP-CNRS (UMR 7177), Institut de Chimie, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67200 Strasbourg, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie des Ligands à Architecture Contrôlée, ULP-CNRS (UMR 7177), Institut de Chimie, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Matthieu Koepf
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Bioinorganique, ULP-CNRS (UMR 7177), Institut de Chimie, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67200 Strasbourg, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie des Ligands à Architecture Contrôlée, ULP-CNRS (UMR 7177), Institut de Chimie, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jennifer A. Wytko
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Bioinorganique, ULP-CNRS (UMR 7177), Institut de Chimie, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67200 Strasbourg, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie des Ligands à Architecture Contrôlée, ULP-CNRS (UMR 7177), Institut de Chimie, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mourad Elhabiri
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Bioinorganique, ULP-CNRS (UMR 7177), Institut de Chimie, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67200 Strasbourg, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie des Ligands à Architecture Contrôlée, ULP-CNRS (UMR 7177), Institut de Chimie, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Weiss
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Bioinorganique, ULP-CNRS (UMR 7177), Institut de Chimie, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67200 Strasbourg, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie des Ligands à Architecture Contrôlée, ULP-CNRS (UMR 7177), Institut de Chimie, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Marie Albrecht-Gary
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Bioinorganique, ULP-CNRS (UMR 7177), Institut de Chimie, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67200 Strasbourg, France, and Laboratoire de Chimie des Ligands à Architecture Contrôlée, ULP-CNRS (UMR 7177), Institut de Chimie, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Morishita H, Tamiaki H. Specific coupling between the 13-keto carbonyl and chlorin skeletal vibrational modes of synthetic 13(1)-(18)O-(un)labelled metallochlorophyll derivatives. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 72:274-279. [PMID: 19022702 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2008.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Revised: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Metal complexes of methyl 13(1)-(18)O-labelled pyropheophorbide-a1-M-(18)O (M=Zn, Cu and Ni) were prepared by metallation of the (18)O-labelled free base (1-(18)O) and (18)O-labelling of unlabelled nickel complex (1-Ni). The FT-IR spectra of 1-Zn and 1-Zn-(18)O in CH(2)Cl(2) showed that the 13-keto carbonyl stretching vibration mode moved to about a 30-cm(-1) lower wavenumber by (18)O-labelling of the 13(1)-oxo moiety. In 1-Cu-(18)O and 1-Ni-(18)O, the 13-C==(18)O stretching modes were close to the highest-energy wavenumber mode of chlorin skeletal C-C/C-N vibrations at around 1650cm(-1) and they were coupled in CH(2)Cl(2) to give two split IR bands (Fermi resonance). A similar coupling was observed in the resonance Raman scattering of 1-Ni-(18)O in the solid state. The hydrogen-bonded 13-C==(16)O vibration mode of 1-Ni similarly coupled with the skeletal C-C/C-N mode in CCl(4) containing 1% (v/v) 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol, while such a coupling was not observed in a neat CCl(4) solution of 1-Ni possessing the 13-C==(16)O free from any interaction. The skeletal C-C/C-N band selectively coupled with the 13-C==O, not with the 3-C==O, when the difference in their peak maxima was less than 20 cm(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetada Morishita
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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69
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Siebbeles LDA, Huijser A, Savenije TJ. Effects of molecular organization on exciton diffusion in thin films of bioinspired light-harvesting molecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b902593f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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70
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Chen Z, Lohr A, Saha-Möller CR, Würthner F. Self-assembled π-stacks of functional dyes in solution: structural and thermodynamic features. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:564-84. [DOI: 10.1039/b809359h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 838] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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71
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Tamiaki H, Kotegawa Y, Nitta SI, Sasaki SI, Mizutani K. Synthesis of 32-substituted bacteriochlorophyll-d analogs and their self-aggregation in a nonpolar organic solvent. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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72
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Liu C, Dobhal MP, Ethirajan M, Missert JR, Pandey RK, Balasubramanian S, Sukumaran DK, Zhang M, Kadish KM, Ohkubo K, Fukuzumi S. Highly Selective Synthesis of the Ring-B Reduced Chlorins by Ferric Chloride-Mediated Oxidation of Bacteriochlorins: Effects of the Fused Imide vs Isocyclic Ring on Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:14311-23. [DOI: 10.1021/ja8050298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Chemistry Division, PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14221, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mahabeer P. Dobhal
- Chemistry Division, PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14221, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Manivannan Ethirajan
- Chemistry Division, PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14221, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Joseph R. Missert
- Chemistry Division, PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14221, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ravindra K. Pandey
- Chemistry Division, PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14221, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sathyamangalam Balasubramanian
- Chemistry Division, PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14221, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Dinesh K. Sukumaran
- Chemistry Division, PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14221, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Min Zhang
- Chemistry Division, PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14221, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Chemistry Division, PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14221, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Chemistry Division, PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14221, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Chemistry Division, PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14221, Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Kolev T, Koleva BB, Stoyanov S, Spiteller M, Petkov I. The aggregation of the merocyanine dyes, depending of the type of the counterions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2008; 70:1087-1096. [PMID: 18054272 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Revised: 10/12/2007] [Accepted: 10/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Counterions affect on the substructures formation in the case of the merocyanine dye, 1-methyl-4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl)]piridinium] hydrogensquarate both in gas and condense phase. Spectroscopically and structural elucidation of these aggregates have been performed, using solid-state conventional and linear-polarized IR-spectroscopy of oriented colloids as a nematic liquid crystal suspension, UV-vis spectroscopy, HPLC tandem ESI mass spectrometry, 1H and 13C NMR, TGV and DSC. Quantum chemical DFT calculations have been carried out as well. Experimental and theoretical data are compared with analogous ones of corresponding iodide salt of dye studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsonko Kolev
- Institut für Umweltforschung, Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
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74
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Huber V, Sengupta S, Würthner F. Structure-Property Relationships for Self-Assembled Zinc Chlorin Light-Harvesting Dye Aggregates. Chemistry 2008; 14:7791-807. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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75
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Linnanto JM, Korppi-Tommola JEI. Investigation on chlorosomal antenna geometries: tube, lamella and spiral-type self-aggregates. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2008; 96:227-245. [PMID: 18443917 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-008-9304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanics calculations and exciton theory have been used to study pigment organization in chlorosomes of green bacteria. Single and double rod, multiple concentric rod, lamella, and Archimedean spiral macrostructures of bacteriochlorophyll c molecules were created and their spectral properties evaluated. The effects of length, width, diameter, and curvature of the macrostructures as well as orientations of monomeric transition dipole moment vectors on the spectral properties of the aggregates were studied. Calculated absorption, linear dichroism, and polarization dependent fluorescence-excitation spectra of the studied long macrostructures were practically identical, but circular dichroism spectra turned out to be very sensitive to geometry and monomeric transition dipole moment orientations of the aggregates. The simulations for long multiple rod and spiral-type macrostructures, observed in recent high-resolution electron microscopy images (Oostergetel et al., FEBS Lett 581:5435-5439, 2007) gave shapes of circular dichroism spectra observed experimentally for chlorosomes. It was shown that the ratio of total circular dichroism intensity to integrated absorption of the Q(y) transition is a good measure of degree of tubular structures in the chlorosomes. Calculations suggest that the broad Q(y) line width of chlorosomes of sulfur bacteria could be due to (1) different orientations of the transition moment vectors in multi-walled rod structures or (2) a variety of Bchl-aggregate structures in the chlorosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha M Linnanto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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76
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Shibata R, Koike K, Hori H, Tamiaki H. Self-aggregation of Synthetic Zinc Chlorophyll Derivatives Possessing Fluoroalkyl Chains in Liquid Carbon Dioxide as Models of Green Photosynthetic Bacterial Antennae. CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2008.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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77
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78
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Zupcanova A, Arellano JB, Bina D, Kopecky J, Psencik J, Vacha F. The length of esterifying alcohol affects the aggregation properties of chlorosomal bacteriochlorophylls. Photochem Photobiol 2008; 84:1187-94. [PMID: 18331396 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Chlorosomes, the main light-harvesting complexes of green photosynthetic bacteria, contain bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) molecules in the form of self-assembling aggregates. To study the role of esterifying alcohols in BChl aggregation we have prepared a series of bacteriochlorophyllide c (BChlide c) derivatives differing in the length of the esterifying alcohol (C(1), C(4), C(8) and C(12)). Their aggregation behavior was studied both in polar (aqueous buffer) and nonpolar (hexane) environments and the esterifying alcohols were found to play an essential role. In aqueous buffer, hydrophobic interactions among esterifying alcohols drive BChlide c derivatives with longer chains into the formation of dimers, while this interaction is weak for BChlides with shorter esterifying alcohols and they remain mainly as monomers. All studied BChlide c derivatives form aggregates in hexane, but the process slows down with longer esterifying alcohols due to competing hydrophobic interactions with hexane molecules. In addition, the effect of the length of the solvent molecules (n-alkanes) was explored for BChl c aggregation. With an increasing length of n-alkane molecules, the hydrophobic interaction with the farnesyl chain becomes stronger, leading to a slower aggregation rate. The results show that the hydrophobic interaction is the driving force for the aggregation in an aqueous environment, while in nonpolar solvents it is the hydrophilic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Zupcanova
- Biological Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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79
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Huijser A, Suijkerbuijk BMJM, Klein Gebbink RJM, Savenije TJ, Siebbeles. Efficient Exciton Transport in Layers of Self-Assembled Porphyrin Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:2485-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ja075162a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Huijser
- Opto-Electronic Materials Section, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands, and Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart M. J. M. Suijkerbuijk
- Opto-Electronic Materials Section, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands, and Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robertus J. M. Klein Gebbink
- Opto-Electronic Materials Section, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands, and Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom J. Savenije
- Opto-Electronic Materials Section, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands, and Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Siebbeles
- Opto-Electronic Materials Section, DelftChemTech, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands, and Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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80
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Tamiaki H, Yoshimura H, Shimamura Y, Kunieda M. Self-aggregation behavior of synthetic zinc 3-hydroxymethyl-13/15-carbonyl-chlorins as models of main light-harvesting components in photosynthetic green bacteria. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2008; 95:223-8. [PMID: 17912608 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-007-9247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Zinc complexes of 3-hydroxymethyl-13/15-carbonyl-chlorins having a six-membered lactone as the E-ring were prepared by modifying purpurin-18 as models of bacteriochlorophyll-d, one of the chlorophyllous pigments in the main light-harvesting antenna systems (chlorosomes) of green photosynthetic bacteria. The synthetic 13-carbonylated compound self-aggregated in 1%(v/v) tetrahydrofuran and hexane to give large oligomers possessing red-shifted and broadened electronic absorption bands and intense circular dichroism bands at the shifted Q ( y ) region, indicating that the supramolecular structure of the resulting self-aggregate was similar to those of natural and artificial chlorosomal aggregates. The red-shift value observed here was smaller than the reported values in chlorosomal pigments having a five-membered keto-ring, which was ascribable to a weaker intermolecular hydrogen-bonding of 13-C=O with 3(1)-OH in a supramolecule of the former self-aggregate and suppression of the pi-pi interaction among the composite chlorins. On the other hand, the isomeric 15-carbonylated molecule was monomeric even in the nonpolar organic solvent, confirming the reported proposal that the linear orientation of three interactive moieties, OH, C=O and Zn, in a molecule is requisite for its chlorosomal self-aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
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81
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Alster J, Zupcanova A, Vacha F, Psencik J. Effect of quinones on formation and properties of bacteriochlorophyll c aggregates. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2008; 95:183-189. [PMID: 17922300 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-007-9259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chlorosomes of green photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobium tepidum contain aggregates of bacteriochlorophyll c (BChl c) with carotenoids and isoprenoid quinones. BChl aggregates with very similar optical properties can be prepared also in vitro either in non-polar solvents or in aqueous buffers with addition of lipids and/or carotenoids. In this work, we show that the aggregation of BChl c in aqueous buffer can be induced also by quinones (vitamin K(1 )and K(2)), provided they are non-polar due to a hydrophobic side-chain. Polar vitamin K(3, )which possess the same functional group as K(1 )and K(2), does not induce the aggregation. The results confirm a principal role of the hydrophobic interactions as a driving force for the aggregation of chlorosomal BChls. The chlorosomal quinones play an important role in a redox-dependent excitation quenching, which may protect the cells against damage under oxygenic conditions. We found that aggregates of BChl c with vitamin K(1 )and K(2) exhibit an excitation quenching as well. The amplitude of the quenching depends on quinone concentration, as determined from fluorescence measurements. No lipid is necessary to induce the quenching, which therefore originates mainly from interactions of BChl c with quinones incorporated in the aggregate structure. In contrast, only a weak quenching was observed for dimers of BChl c in buffer (either with or without vitamin K(3)) and also for BChl c aggregates prepared with a lipid (lecithin). Thus, the weak quenching seems to be a property of BChl c itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Alster
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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82
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Mizoguchi T, Sakamoto S, Koyama Y, Ogura K, Inagaki F. The Structure of the Aggregate Form of Bacteriochlorophyll c Showing the Qy Absorption above 740 nm as Determined by the Ring-current Effects on 1H and 13C Nuclei and by 1H-1H Intermolecular NOE Correlations. Photochem Photobiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1998.tb05193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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83
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84
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Mizoguchi T, Tamiaki H. The Effect of Esterifying Chains at the 17-Propionate of Bacteriochlorophylls-con Their Self-Assembly. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.80.2196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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85
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Tamiaki H, Shibata R, Mizoguchi T. The 17-propionate function of (bacterio)chlorophylls: biological implication of their long esterifying chains in photosynthetic systems. Photochem Photobiol 2007; 83:152-62. [PMID: 16776548 DOI: 10.1562/2006-02-27-ir-819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Molecular structures of (bacterio)chlorophylls [= (B)Chls] in photosynthetic apparatus are surveyed, and a diversity of the ester groups of the 17-propionate substituent is particularly focused on in this review. In oxygenic photosynthetic species including green plants and algae, the ester of Chl molecules is limited to a phytyl group. Geranylgeranyl and farnesyl groups in addition to phytyl are observed in (B)Chl molecules inside photosynthetic proteins of anoxygenic bacteria. In main light-harvesting antennas of green bacteria (chlorosomes), a greater variety of ester groups including long straight chains are used in the composite BChl molecules. This diversity is ascribable to the fact that chlorosomal BChls self-aggregate to form a core part of chlorosomes without any specific interaction of oligopeptides. Biological significance of the long chains is discussed in photosynthetic apparatus, especially in chlorosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan.
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86
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Suijkerbuijk BMJM, Tooke DM, Spek AL, van Koten G, Klein Gebbink RJM. One-Dimensional, Cofacial Porphyrin Polymers Formed by Self-Assembly ofmeso-Tetrakis(ERE Donor) Zinc(II) Porphyrins. Chem Asian J 2007; 2:889-903. [PMID: 17546581 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200700082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of meso-tetrakis-(ERE donor) zinc(II) porphyrins nZn (ERE donor = 4-R-3,5-bis[(E)-methyl]phenyl; 1Zn: E = NMe2, R = Br; 2Zn: E = NMe2, R = H; 3Zn: E = OMe, R = Br; 4Zn: E = OMe, R = H) have been synthesized in excellent yields. As a result of the combination of a Lewis acidic site and eight Lewis basic sites within one molecule, monomeric molecules of nZn self-assemble to form one-dimensional porphyrin polymers [nZn](infinity) in the solid state, as confirmed for 1Zn and 3Zn by X-ray crystallography. The coordination environment around the zinc(II) ions in these polymers is octahedral. They are ligated by four equatorial nitrogen atoms of the porphyrin and two apical E atoms (E = N, O) provided by the EBrE donor groups of adjacent nZn molecules. Complexes 2Zn and 4Zn did not form single crystals, but solid-state UV/Vis analysis points to the formation of similar structures. Solution UV/Vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy indicated that interactions between 1Zn and 2Zn monomers in the polymers are stronger than between 3Zn and 4Zn monomers. Interestingly, they also revealed that the presence of a neighboring bromine atom in the EBrE donor groups has a considerable influence on the coordination properties of the benzylic N or O atoms. The zinc(II) ions of the porphyrins most likely adopt only hexacoordination in the solid state, owing to the unique predisposition of Lewis acidic and basic sites in the nZn molecules. Several parameters of the aggregates, for example, the interplanar separation between porphyrins and the zinc-zinc distances, change as a function of the coordinating E groups. The high degree of modularity in their synthesis makes these zinc(II) porphyrins an interesting new entry in noncovalent multiporphyrin assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart M J M Suijkerbuijk
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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87
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Tamiaki H, Kitamoto H, Watanabe T, Shibata R. Self-aggregation of Synthetic Protobacteriochlorophyll-d Derivatives¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2005.tb01537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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88
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Shibata R, Mizoguchi T, Inazu T, Tamiaki H. Self-aggregation of synthetic zinc chlorophyll derivatives possessing multi-perfluoroalkyl chains in perfluorinated solvents. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2007; 6:749-57. [PMID: 17609768 DOI: 10.1039/b702866k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zinc 3(1)-hydroxy-13(1)-oxo-chlorins possessing two, three, four and six perfluorooctyl chains were synthesized from naturally occurring chlorophyll-a. Only the synthetic zinc chlorin possessing six perfluorooctyl chains was directly dissolved in perfluorinated solvents due to its high fluorine content in molecular weight (over 50%). In this solution, visible absorption spectra gave a red-shifted Q(y) band at 723 nm (compared to 648 nm in THF) and showed the formation of well-ordered self-aggregates. No monomeric form was observed in the solution from any fluorescence emission spectra from visible absorption spectra. In the aggregate solution, no precipitation occurred during either standing for a long period or heating at 70 degrees C. This showed that the supramolecular structure was stabilized by F-F interactions on its surface among the perfluorooctyl chains on the 17-position and perfluorinated solvents. The core part of the supramolecular structure was constructed by a special intramolecular bond of Zn ... O3(2)-H ... O=C13(1), which was confirmed from resonance Raman spectral analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Shibata
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
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89
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Mizoguchi T, Hara K, Nagae H, Koyama Y. Structural Transformation Among the Aggregate Forms of Bacteriochlorophyll c as Determined by Electronic-Absorption and NMR Spectroscopies: Dependence on the Stereoisomeric Configuration and on the Bulkiness of the 8-C Side Chain ‡. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)0710596stataf2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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90
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Saga Y, Matsuura K, Tamiaki H. Spectroscopic Studies on Self-aggregation of Bacteriochlorophyll-e in Nonpolar Organic Solvents: Effects of Stereoisomeric Configuration at the 31-Position and Alkyl Substituents at the 81-Position¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0740072ssosao2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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91
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Yagai S, Miyatake T, Shimono Y, Tamiaki H. Supramolecular Structure of Self-assembled Synthetic Zinc-131-oxo-chlorins Possessing a Primary, Secondary or Tertiary Alcoholic 31-Hydroxyl Group: Visible Spectroscopic and Molecular Modeling Studies¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0730153ssosas2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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92
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Klinger P, Arellano JB, Vácha F, Hála J, PšenčíK J. Effect of Carotenoids and Monogalactosyl Diglyceride on Bacteriochlorophyll c Aggregates in Aqueous Buffer: Implications for the Self-assembly of Chlorosomes¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2004.tb00131.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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93
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Tamiaki H, Nishiyama T, Shibata R. Self-aggregation of zinc chlorophylls possessing perfluoroalkyl chains in fluorous solvents: Selective extraction of the self-aggregates with fluorous phase and accelerated formation of the ordered supramolecules in this phase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:1920-3. [PMID: 17276677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Revised: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Zinc 3(1)-hydroxy-13(1)-oxo-chlorins possessing various perfluorooctyl groups in the 17-propionate were prepared by modifying naturally occurring chlorophyll-a. The synthetic compound having four perfluorooctyl groups readily self-assembled to form large J-aggregates, which were dissolved in fluorous phases with more ordered supramolecular structures than in a hydrocarbon solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
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94
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Kunieda M, Tamiaki H. Regioisomerically Controlled Self-Aggregation of Zinc 3-Hydroxymethyl-13-formyl-chlorin/Porphyrin and Their 3,13-Inverted Pigments. J Org Chem 2007; 72:2443-51. [PMID: 17338568 DOI: 10.1021/jo0623282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Zinc 3-hydroxymethyl-13-formyl-chlorin, 1, and its 3,13-inverted (3-formyl-13-hydroxymethyl) regioisomer, 2, and their corresponding 17,18-dehydrogenated porphyrins, 3 and 4, were synthesized for models of natural bacteriochlorophylls-c/d/e possessing 3(1)-OH and 13-C=O groups which self-aggregate in main light-harvesting antenna systems of green photosynthetic bacteria. Zinc chlorins 1 and 2 were monomers in neat THF and gave an obvious difference in their visible absorption spectra, indicating that sole inversion of the 3- and 13-substituents in a chlorin chromophore controlled their optical properties. In an aqueous Triton X-100 solution (a nonionic surfactant), zinc 3(1)-OH-13-CHO-chlorin 1 and porphyrin 3 self-aggregated as do natural bacteriochlorophylls, while zinc 3-CHO-13(1)-OH chlorin 2 and porphyrin 4 (the 3,13-inverted regioisomers of 1 and 3) hardly formed such large oligomers, showing that the inversion of the peripheral 3,13-substituents made their oligomerization unfavorable. FT-IR spectra of aggregated 1-4 in the solid film and their molecular modeling calculations suggested that the 17(2)-C=O moiety in inverted 2/4 interacted with its own 13(1)-OH group to disturb further aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Kunieda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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95
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Tamiaki H, Watanabe T, Kunieda M. Self-aggregation of synthetic zinc 31-hydroxy-131-oxo-17,18-cis-chlorin in a non-polar organic solvent. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2007. [DOI: 10.1163/156856707779160915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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96
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Klinger P, Arellano JB, Vácha F, Hála J, Psencík J. Effect of carotenoids and monogalactosyl diglyceride on bacteriochlorophyll c aggregates in aqueous buffer: implications for the self-assembly of chlorosomes. Photochem Photobiol 2006; 80:572-8. [PMID: 15623345 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2004)080<0572:eocamd>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c from chlorosomes, the main light-harvesting complex of green bacteria, has been studied in aqueous buffer. Unlike other chlorophyll-like molecules, BChl c is rather soluble in aqueous buffer, forming dimers. When BChl c is mixed with carotenoids (Car), the BChl c Qy transition is further redshifted, in respect to that of monomers and dimers. The results suggest that Car are incorporated in the aggregates and induce further aggregation of BChl c. The redshift of the BChl c Qy band is proportional to the Car concentration. In contrast, the mixture of bacteriochlorophyllide (BChlide) c, which lacks the nonpolar esterifying alcohol, does not form aggregates with Car in aqueous buffer or nonpolar solvents. Instead, the position of the BChlide c Qy transition remains unshifted in respect to that of the monomeric molecule, and Car precipitates with the course of time in aqueous buffer. Similar effects on both BChl c and BChlide c are also observed when monogalactosyl diglyceride (MGDG), which forms the monolayer envelope of chlorosomes, is used instead of (or together with) Car. The results show that the hydrophobic interactions of the BChl c esterifying alcohols with themselves and the nonpolar carbon skeleton of Car, or the fatty acid tails of MGDG, are essential driving forces for BChl aggregation in chlorosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Klinger
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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97
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Oba
- a Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Ritsumeikan University , Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
- b Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering , Utsunomiya University , Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8585, Japan
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98
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Shibata Y, Saga Y, Tamiaki H, Itoh S. Low-temperature fluorescence from single chlorosomes, photosynthetic antenna complexes of green filamentous and sulfur bacteria. Biophys J 2006; 91:3787-96. [PMID: 16950839 PMCID: PMC1630472 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.106.084178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence spectra of single chlorosomes isolated from a green filamentous bacterium (Chloroflexus (Cfl.) aurantiacus) and a green sulfur bacterium (Chlorobium (Cb.) tepidum) were measured by using a confocal laser microscope at 13 K. Chlorosomes were frozen either in a liquid solution (floating chlorosome) or on a quartz plate after being adsorbed (adsorbed chlorosome). Fluorescence peak wavelengths were shorter for the adsorbed single chlorosomes than for the floating ones. Single floating Cfl. chlorosomes showed a distribution of fluorescence peak positions having a center at 759.0 nm with a full width at half maximum of 6.3 nm. Single floating Cb. chlorosomes showed a 782.7 nm center with a full width at half-maximum of 3.4 nm. The distribution shifted to the blue and became wider with increasing temperature, especially in Cb. chlorosomes, suggesting a large excitonic density of states just above the lowest level. Energy transfer from BChl-c aggregates to BChl-a molecules in the baseplate proteins was observed in the floating chlorosomes but not in the adsorbed ones. A positive correlation was found between the peak wavelength of BChl-c fluorescence and the intensity of BChl-a fluorescence in single Cfl. chlorosomes. The results suggest that the BChl-c aggregates with longer wavelengths of the fluorescence peaks have a more efficient Förster-type energy transfer to the baseplate BChl-a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Shibata
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
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Saga Y, Tamiaki H. Transmission electron microscopic study on supramolecular nanostructures of bacteriochlorophyll self-aggregates in chlorosomes of green photosynthetic bacteria. J Biosci Bioeng 2006; 102:118-23. [PMID: 17027873 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.102.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular nanostructures of bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) self-aggregates in major light-harvesting complexes (chlorosomes) of green photosynthetic bacteria were successfully observed by freeze-fracture transmission electron microscope. Rod-shaped nanostructures with approximately 10 nm in diameter could be visualized in three types of green sulfur bacteria (Chlorobium). Diameter of the rod-shaped nanostructures in Chlorobium chlorosomes was independent of the molecular structures of their light-harvesting pigments, namely BChl-c or d. In contrast, chlorosomes of the green filamentous bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus had rod-shaped nanostructures with approximately 5 nm in diameter. The present results support that BChl self-aggregates in chlorosomes form rod-shaped nanostructures called rod-elements with approximately 10- and 5-nm diameters for Chlorobium and Chloroflexus, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Saga
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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