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Wang Y, Azaïs T, Robin M, Vallée A, Catania C, Legriel P, Pehau-Arnaudet G, Babonneau F, Giraud-Guille MM, Nassif N. The predominant role of collagen in the nucleation, growth, structure and orientation of bone apatite. NATURE MATERIALS 2012; 11:724-33. [PMID: 22751179 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of collagen in bone biomineralization is commonly admitted, yet its role remains unclear. Here we show that type I collagen in vitro can initiate and orientate the growth of carbonated apatite mineral in the absence of any other vertebrate extracellular matrix molecules of calcifying tissues. We also show that the collagen matrix influences the structural characteristics on the atomic scale, and controls the size and the three-dimensional distribution of apatite at larger length scales. These results call into question recent consensus in the literature on the need for Ca-rich non-collagenous proteins for collagen mineralization to occur in vivo. Our model is based on a collagen/apatite self-assembly process that combines the ability to mimic the in vivo extracellular fluid with three major features inherent to living bone tissue, that is, high fibrillar density, monodispersed fibrils and long-range hierarchical organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UMR 7574 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Collège de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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RAMTANI SALAH, TAKAHASHI-IÑIGUEZ YOSHIYUKI, HELARY CHRISTOPHE, GEIGER DIDIER, GUILLE MARIEMADELEINEGIRAUD. MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR UNDER UNCONFINED COMPRESSION LOADINGS OF DENSE FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN MATRICES MIMETIC OF LIVING TISSUES. J MECH MED BIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519410003290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bio-artificial tissues are being developed as replacements for damaged biologic tissues and their mechanical properties are critical for load-bearing applications. Reconstituted dense three-dimensional (3D) fibrillar collagen matrices are promising materials for tissue engineering, at the light of their interaction with fibroblasts.1,2 The mechanical properties of these fibrillar collagen matrices are now being characterized under unconfined compression loading for various strain rates and collagen concentrations. The data were compared to those obtained in the same conditions with a biological tissue, the rat dermis. The results show a very sensitive behavior to both the displacement rate, typical of biological soft tissues, and the collagen concentration varying between 5 and 40 mg/ml. The link between the mechanical properties and the microscopic structure of the collagen scaffolds show an increasing viscoelastic modulus with respect to the fibril density. It is found that the matrices at 5 mg/ml and the dorsal rat skin (DRS) exhibit similar stress–strain response when submitted to the same external unconfined compression load. Such results highlight the interest of these matrices as potential tissue substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- SALAH RAMTANI
- Université Paris Nord, Laboratoire Propriétés Mécaniques et, Thermodynamiques des Matériaux, CNRS-UPR 9001, 99 av JB Clément, 93400 VILLETANEUSE, France
| | - YOSHIYUKI TAKAHASHI-IÑIGUEZ
- Université Paris Val de Marne, Laboratoire de Mécanique Physique, CNRS-UMR 7052, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 CRETEIL Cedex, France
| | - CHRISTOPHE HELARY
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie — Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée, CNRS-UMR 7574, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - DIDIER GEIGER
- Université Paris Val de Marne, Laboratoire de Mécanique Physique, CNRS-UMR 7052, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 CRETEIL Cedex, France
| | - MARIE MADELEINE GIRAUD GUILLE
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie — Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée, CNRS-UMR 7574, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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53
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Tanaka Y, Kubota A, Matsusaki M, Duncan T, Hatakeyama Y, Fukuyama K, Quantock AJ, Yamato M, Akashi M, Nishida K. Anisotropic Mechanical Properties of Collagen Hydrogels Induced by Uniaxial-Flow for Ocular Applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 22:1427-42. [DOI: 10.1163/092050610x510542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Tanaka
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Akira Kubota
- b Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- c Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Thomas Duncan
- d Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan; Structural Biophysics Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4LU, UK
| | - Yoshikiyo Hatakeyama
- e Division of Nanoscience, Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Katsuya Fukuyama
- f Center for Liberal Arts, Meiji Gakuin University, 1518 Kamikurata-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-8539, Japan
| | - Andrew J. Quantock
- g Structural Biophysics Group, School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4LU, UK
| | - Masayuki Yamato
- h Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Akashi
- i Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishida
- j Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
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Furusawa K, Sato S, Masumoto JI, Hanazaki Y, Maki Y, Dobashi T, Yamamoto T, Fukui A, Sasaki N. Studies on the Formation Mechanism and the Structure of the Anisotropic Collagen Gel Prepared by Dialysis-Induced Anisotropic Gelation. Biomacromolecules 2011; 13:29-39. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200869p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Furusawa
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku Kita 10 Nishi 8, Sapporo,
Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shoichi Sato
- Transdisciplinary
Life Science
Course, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku Kita 10 Nishi 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Jyun-ichi Masumoto
- Transdisciplinary
Life Science
Course, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku Kita 10 Nishi 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yohei Hanazaki
- Transdisciplinary
Life Science
Course, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku Kita 10 Nishi 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Maki
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, Tenjincho 1-5-1, Kiryu, Gunma, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Dobashi
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, Tenjincho 1-5-1, Kiryu, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takao Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, Tenjincho 1-5-1, Kiryu, Gunma, Japan
| | - Akimasa Fukui
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku Kita 10 Nishi 8, Sapporo,
Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naoki Sasaki
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku Kita 10 Nishi 8, Sapporo,
Hokkaido, Japan
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55
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Helary C, Rodriguez-Sanchez B, Rodrigues-Sanchez B, Vigier S, Giraud Guill MM. Dense fibrillar collagen matrices to analyse extracellular matrix receptor function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 60:7-14. [PMID: 22153897 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM The goal of this study was to understand whether dense fibrillar collagen matrices, with a hierarchical structure resembling native collagen matrices, could be useful to study collagen receptor function, in a more physiological context. The receptor analysed here was integrin α11β1, already shown to be involved in cell attachment and migration on collagen-coated plastic, and also in contraction of loose fibrillar collagen hydrogels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Collagen matrices prepared here corresponded to dense fibrillar hydrogels concentrated at 5mg/ml. The behaviour of α11β1 deficient fibroblasts seeded on these concentrated matrices was assessed in terms of adhesion, morphology and migration, then compared to that observed on classical hydrogels at 1mg/ml, corresponding to loose collagen matrices. RESULTS Short-term attachment assays showed disturbed interactions between α11β1 deficient cells and collagen matrices in a concentration-dependent manner. Long-term assays revealed reduced cell spreading of alpha 11(-/-) cells on the dense collagen matrices, associated with a disturbed cytoskeleton network. Moreover, anoikis was observed when alpha 11(-/-) cells were seeded on 5mg/ml matrices, and not on looser 1mg/ml matrices. In scratch wound in vitro assays, carried out with cells on 5mg/ml fibrillar collagen matrices, alpha 11(-/-) cells migrated much better than their wild-type counterparts. In contrast, no significant difference was observed between wild and knock-out cells seeded on plastic. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates the validity of in vivo-like dense fibrillar collagen matrices to evaluate cell receptor functions more significantly than with 2D cell cultures or loose hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Helary
- CNRS-UMR 7574, laboratoire chimie de la matière condensée, University Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, école pratique des Hautes-Études, 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
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56
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Vigier S, Catania C, Baroukh B, Saffar JL, Giraud-Guille MM, Colombier ML. Dense Fibrillar Collagen Matrices Sustain Osteoblast Phenotype In Vitro and Promote Bone Formation in Rat Calvaria Defect. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:889-98. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Vigier
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Laboratoire Chimie Matière Condensée de Paris CMCP—CNRS UMR7574, Paris, France
| | - Chelsea Catania
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Brigitte Baroukh
- Université Paris-Descartes Paris V, Laboratoire Biothérapies de l'organe dentaire, EA 2496, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Montrouge, France
| | - Jean-Louis Saffar
- Université Paris-Descartes Paris V, Laboratoire Biothérapies de l'organe dentaire, EA 2496, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Montrouge, France
| | - Marie-Madeleine Giraud-Guille
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Laboratoire Chimie Matière Condensée de Paris CMCP—CNRS UMR7574, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Colombier
- Université Paris-Descartes Paris V, Laboratoire Biothérapies de l'organe dentaire, EA 2496, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Montrouge, France
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Bertolucci LF. Pandiculation: nature's way of maintaining the functional integrity of the myofascial system? J Bodyw Mov Ther 2011; 15:268-80. [PMID: 21665102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pandiculation is the involuntary stretching of the soft tissues, which occurs in most animal species and is associated with transitions between cyclic biological behaviors, especially the sleep-wake rhythm (Walusinski, 2006). Yawning is considered a special case of pandiculation that affects the musculature of the mouth, respiratory system and upper spine (Baenninger, 1997). When, as often happens, yawning occurs simultaneously with pandiculation in other body regions (Bertolini and Gessa, 1981; Lehmann, 1979; Urba-Holmgren et al., 1977) the combined behavior is referred to as the stretch-yawning syndrome (SYS). SYS has been associated with the arousal function, as it seems to reset the central nervous system to the waking state after a period of sleep and prepare the animal to respond to environmental stimuli (Walusinski, 2006). This paper explores the hypothesis that the SYS might also have an auto-regulatory role regarding the locomotor system: to maintain the animal's ability to express coordinated and integrated movement by regularly restoring and resetting the structural and functional equilibrium of the myofascial system. It is now recognized that the myofascial system is integrative, linking body parts, as the force of a muscle is transmitted via the fascial structures well beyond the tendonous attachments of the muscle itself (Huijing and Jaspers, 2005). It is argued here that pandiculation might preserve the integrative role of the myofascial system by (a) developing and maintaining appropriate physiological fascial interconnections and (b) modulating the pre-stress state of the myofascial system by regularly activating the tonic musculature. The ideas presented here initially arose from clinical observations during the practice of a manual therapy called Muscular Repositioning (MR) (Bertolucci, 2008; Bertolucci and Kozasa, 2010a; Bertolucci, 2010b). These observations were supplemented by a review of the literature on the subject. A possible link between MR and SYS is presented: The neural reflexes characteristically evoked through MR are reminiscent of SYS, which both suggests that MR might stimulate parts of the SYS reaction, and also points to one of MR's possible mechanisms of action.
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58
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Vigier S, Helary C, Fromigue O, Marie P, Giraud-Guille MM. Collagen supramolecular and suprafibrillar organizations on osteoblasts long-term behavior: benefits for bone healing materials. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 94:556-67. [PMID: 20198699 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study compares the behavior of osteoblastic cells seeded on three structurally distinct collagen-based materials. Adhesion and long-term behavior were evaluated in vitro in regard to collagen scaffolds forming loose or dense fibrillar networks or exempt of fibrils. In this purpose collagen solutions at concentrations of 5 and 40 mg/mL were processed by freeze-drying or by sol/gel fibrillogenesis to form either sponges or hydrogels. Macroscopic and microscopic images of sponges showed a light material exhibiting large pores surrounded by dense collagen walls made of thin unstriated microfibrils of 20 nm in diameter. In comparison collagen hydrogels are more homogeneous materials, at 5 mg/mL the material consists of a regular network of cross-striated collagen fibrils of 100 nm in diameter. At 40 mg/mL the material appears stiffer, the ultrastructure exhibits cross-striated collagen fibrils packed in large bundles of 300-800 nm of width. Human osteoblastic cells seeded on top of the 5 mg/mL matrices exhibit a squared shaped osteoblast-like morphology over 28 days of culture and express both alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. Osteoblastic cells seeded on top of sponges or of 40 mg/mL matrices exhibit both flat and elongated resting-osteoblast morphology. Osteoblastic cells have mineralized the three collagen-based materials after 28 days of culture but collagen sponges spontaneously mineralized in absence of cells. These results highlight, in an in vitro cell culture approach, the benefit of fibrils and of dense fibrillar networks close to in vivo-like tissues, as positive criteria for new bone tissue repair materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Vigier
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, PARIS VI, Laboratoire Chimie Matière Condensée, CNRS, UMR 7574, 4 place jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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59
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Giraud Guille MM, Helary C, Vigier S, Nassif N. Dense fibrillar collagen matrices for tissue repair. SOFT MATTER 2010; 6:4963-4967. [PMID: 34154305 DOI: 10.1039/c0sm00260g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of dense fibrillar collagen matrices, through a sol/gel transition at variable concentrations, offers routes to produce a range of simple, non toxic materials. Concentrated hydrogels entrapping cells show enhanced properties in terms of reduced contraction and enhanced cell proliferation . Dense fibrillar matrices attain tissue like mechanical properties and show ultrastructures described in connective tissues, namely liquid crystalline cholesteric geometries. Their colonization by cells and possible association with a mineral phase in a tissue like manner validate their use as biomimetic materials for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Madeleine Giraud Guille
- University Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, CNRS-UMR 7574, Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Christophe Helary
- University Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, CNRS-UMR 7574, Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Sylvain Vigier
- University Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, CNRS-UMR 7574, Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Nadine Nassif
- University Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, CNRS-UMR 7574, Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
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60
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Kirkwood JE, Fuller GG. Liquid crystalline collagen: a self-assembled morphology for the orientation of mammalian cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:3200-3206. [PMID: 19437784 DOI: 10.1021/la803736x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the creation of collagen films having a cholesteric banding structure with an orientation that can be systematically controlled. The action of hydrodynamic flow and rapid desiccation was used to influence the orientation of collagen fibrils, producing a film with a twisted plywood architecture. Adult human fibroblasts cultured on these substrates orient in the direction of the flow deposition, and filopodia are extended onto individual bands. Atomic force microscopy reveals the assembly of 30 nm collagen fibrils into the uniform cholesteric collagen films with a periodic surface relief. The generation of collagen with a reticular, "basket-weave" morphology when using lower concentrations is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Kirkwood
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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61
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Lin HT, Dorfmann AL, Trimmer BA. Soft-cuticle biomechanics: a constitutive model of anisotropy for caterpillar integument. J Theor Biol 2008; 256:447-57. [PMID: 19014955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Revised: 10/05/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of soft tissues are important for the control of motion in many invertebrates. Pressurized cylindrical animals such as worms have circumferential reinforcement of the body wall; however, no experimental characterization of comparable anisotropy has been reported for climbing larvae such as caterpillars. Using uniaxial, real-time fluorescence extensometry on millimeter scale cuticle specimens we have quantified differences in the mechanical properties of cuticle to circumferentially and longitudinally applied forces. Based on these results and the composite matrix-fiber structure of cuticle, a pseudo-elastic transversely isotropic constitutive material model was constructed with circumferential reinforcement realized as a Horgan-Saccomandi strain energy function. This model was then used numerically to describe the anisotropic material properties of Manduca cuticle. The constitutive material model will be used in a detailed finite-element analysis to improve our understanding of the mechanics of caterpillar crawling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Ti Lin
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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62
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Ruberti JW, Zieske JD. Prelude to corneal tissue engineering - gaining control of collagen organization. Prog Retin Eye Res 2008; 27:549-77. [PMID: 18775789 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
By most standard engineering practice principles, it is premature to credibly discuss the "engineering" of a human cornea. A professional design engineer would assert that we still do not know what a cornea is (and correctly so), therefore we cannot possibly build one. The proof resides in the fact that there are no clinically viable corneas based on classical tissue engineering methods available. This is possibly because tissue engineering in the classical sense (seeding a degradable scaffolding with a population synthetically active cells) does not produce conditions which support the generation of organized tissue. Alternative approaches to the problem are in their infancy and include the methods which attempt to recapitulate development or to produce corneal stromal analogs de novo which require minimal remodeling. Nonetheless, tissue engineering efforts, which have been focused on producing the fundamental functional component of a cornea (organized alternating arrays of collagen or "lamellae"), may have already provided valuable new insights and tools relevant to development, growth, remodeling and pathologies associated with connective tissue in general. This is because engineers ask a fundamentally different question (How can that be done?) than do biological scientists (How is that done?). The difference in inquiry has prompted us to closely examine (and to mimic) development as well as investigate collagen physicochemical behavior so that we may exert control over organization both in cell culture (in vitro) and on the benchtop (de novo). Our initial results indicate that reproducing corneal stroma-like local and long-range organization of collagen may be simpler than we anticipated while controlling spacing and fibril morphology remains difficult, but perhaps not impossible in the (reasonably) near term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Ruberti
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, SN 334, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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63
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64
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Lanfer B, Freudenberg U, Zimmermann R, Stamov D, Körber V, Werner C. Aligned fibrillar collagen matrices obtained by shear flow deposition. Biomaterials 2008; 29:3888-95. [PMID: 18606448 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we present a new technique to generate surface-bound collagen I fibril matrices with differing structural characteristics. Aligned collagen fibrils were deposited on planar substrates from collagen solutions streaming through a microfluidic channel system. Collagen solution concentration, degree of gelation, shear rate and pre-coating of the substrate were demonstrated to determine the orientation and density of the immobilized fibrils. The obtained matrices were imaged using confocal reflection microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Image analysis techniques were applied to evaluate collagen fibril orientation and coverage. As expected, the degree of collagen fibril orientation increased with increasing flow rates of the solution while the matrix density increased at higher collagen solution concentrations and on hydrophobic polymer pre-coatings. Additionally, length of the immobilized collagen fibrils increased with increasing solution concentration and gelation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babette Lanfer
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Hohe Strasse 6, Dresden, Germany
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65
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Crabb RAB, Hubel A. Influence of matrix processing on the optical and biomechanical properties of a corneal stroma equivalent. Tissue Eng Part A 2008; 14:173-82. [PMID: 18333815 DOI: 10.1089/ten.a.2007.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in developing tissue-engineered cornea has increased with the decrease in the supply of donor tissue; however, the high strength and transparency of the cornea present a challenge. Both the collagen processing and crosslinking methods were hypothesized to influence the optical and biomechanical properties of collagen matrices, while regular surface topography was hypothesized to align stromal fibroblasts. Improved transparency and strength were observed when soluble tropocollagen was added to the insoluble collagen and when glucose-mediated ultraviolet (UV) crosslinking as opposed to dehydrothermal crosslinking was used. The fraction of transmittance of the collagen films fabricated from insoluble collagen and soluble tropocollagen and glucose-mediated UV crosslinking was initially 0.91 +/- 0.02 and 0.98 +/- 0.01 for the smooth films and 0.90 +/- 0.02 and 0.97 +/- 0.02 for the microgrooved films at 400 and 700 nm and was comparable to that of the native cornea, while the relaxed modulus and ultimate tensile strength ranged from 0.9 to 9.4 MPa and from 0.7 to 4.1 MPa, respectively, over the 3 weeks of culture and were initially at or below the range of values for the native cornea. These collagen scaffolds were significantly stronger and more transparent than previous scaffolds, and aligned stromal fibroblasts were observed on microgrooved surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A B Crabb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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66
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Giraud-Guille MM, Belamie E, Mosser G, Helary C, Gobeaux F, Vigier S. Liquid crystalline properties of type I collagen: Perspectives in tissue morphogenesis. CR CHIM 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2007.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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68
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Gobeaux F, Mosser G, Anglo A, Panine P, Davidson P, Giraud-Guille MM, Belamie E. Fibrillogenesis in dense collagen solutions: a physicochemical study. J Mol Biol 2008; 376:1509-22. [PMID: 18234220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Revised: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibrillogenesis, the formation of collagen fibrils, is a key factor in connective tissue morphogenesis. To understand to what extent cells influence this process, we systematically studied the physicochemistry of the self-assembly of type I collagen molecules into fibrils in vitro. We report that fibrillogenesis in solutions of type I collagen, in a high concentration range close to that of living tissues (40-300 mg/ml), yields strong gels over wide pH and ionic strength ranges. Structures of gels were described by combining microscopic observations (transmission electron microscopy) with small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering analysis, and the influence of concentration, pH, and ionic strength on the fibril size and organization was evaluated. The typical cross-striated pattern and the corresponding small-angle X-ray scattering 67-nm diffraction peaks were visible in all conditions in the pH 6 to pH 12 range. In reference conditions (pH 7.4, ionic strength=150 mM, 20 degrees C), collagen concentration greatly influences the overall macroscopic structure of the resultant fibrillar gels, as well as the morphology and structure of the fibrils themselves. At a given collagen concentration, increasing the ionic strength from 24 to 261 mM produces larger fibrils until the system becomes biphasic. We also show that fibrils can form in acidic medium (pH approximately 2.5) at very high collagen concentrations, beyond 150 mg/ml, which suggests a possible cholesteric-to-smectic phase transition. This set of data demonstrates how simple physicochemical parameters determine the molecular organization of collagen. Such an in vitro model allows us to study the intricate process of fibrillogenesis in conditions of molecular packing close to that which occurs in biological tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gobeaux
- Chimie de la Matière Condensée, UMR 7574 CNRS-Université Pierre et Marie Curie, ENSCP-Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, 12 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
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69
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Crabb RA, Hubel A. Influence of Matrix Processing on the Optical and Biomechanical Properties of a Corneal Stroma Equivalent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.2007.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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70
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Guo X, Hutcheon AEK, Melotti SA, Zieske JD, Trinkaus-Randall V, Ruberti JW. Morphologic characterization of organized extracellular matrix deposition by ascorbic acid-stimulated human corneal fibroblasts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007; 48:4050-60. [PMID: 17724187 PMCID: PMC4961093 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.06-1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the structure and morphology of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesized by untransformed, cultured human corneal fibroblasts in long-term cultures. METHODS Human corneal stromal keratocytes were expanded in transwell culture in the presence of fetal bovine serum and a stable derivative of vitamin C. The cells were allowed to synthesize a fibrillar ECM for up to 5 weeks. Constructs were assessed by light (phase-contrast and differential interference-contrast) and transmission (standard and quick freeze/deep etch) microscopy. RESULTS Electron micrographs revealed stratified constructs with multiple parallel layers of cells and an extracellular matrix comprising parallel arrays of small, polydisperse fibrils (27-51 nm) that often alternate in direction. Differential interference contrast images demonstrated oriented ECM fibril arrays parallel to the plane of the construct, whereas quick-freeze, deep-etch micrographs showed the details of the matrix interaction with fibroblasts through arrays of membrane surface structures. CONCLUSIONS Human keratocytes, cultured in a stable vitamin C derivative, are capable of assembling extracellular matrix, which comprises parallel arrays of ECM fibrils. The resultant constructs, which are highly cellular, are morphologically similar to the developing mammalian stroma, where organized matrix is derived. The appearance of arrays of structures on the cell membranes suggests a role in the local organization of synthesized ECM. This model could provide critical insight into the fundamental processes that govern the genesis of organized connective tissues such as the cornea and may provide a scaffolding suitable for tissue engineering a biomimetic stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Guo
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Audrey E. K. Hutcheon
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Suzanna A. Melotti
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James D. Zieske
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Vickery Trinkaus-Randall
- Departments of Biochemistry and Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Jeffrey W. Ruberti
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Corresponding author: Jeffrey W. Ruberti, Ph.D.; Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave – 334 SN, Boston, MA, 02115 USA; Tel: 617-373-3984; Fax: 617-373-2921;
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71
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Eglin D, Shafran KL, Livage J, Coradin T, Perry CC. Comparative study of the influence of several silica precursors on collagen self-assembly and of collagen on ‘Si’ speciation and condensation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b606270a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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72
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Mosser G, Anglo A, Helary C, Bouligand Y, Giraud-Guille MM. Dense tissue-like collagen matrices formed in cell-free conditions. Matrix Biol 2005; 25:3-13. [PMID: 16253492 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2005.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2005] [Revised: 09/12/2005] [Accepted: 09/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new protocol was developed to produce dense organized collagen matrices hierarchically ordered on a large scale. It consists of a two stage process: (1) the organization of a collagen solution and (2) the stabilization of the organizations by a sol-gel transition that leads to the formation of collagen fibrils. This new protocol relies on the continuous injection of an acid-soluble collagen solution into glass microchambers. It leads to extended concentration gradients of collagen, ranging from 5 to 1000 mg/ml. The self-organization of collagen solutions into a wide array of spatial organizations was investigated. The final matrices obtained by this procedure varied in concentration, structure and density. Changes in the liquid state of the samples were followed by polarized light microscopy, and the final stabilized gel states obtained after fibrillogenesis were analyzed by both light and electron microscopy. Typical organizations extended homogeneously by up to three centimetres in one direction and several hundreds of micrometers in other directions. Fibrillogenesis of collagen solutions of high and low concentrations led to fibrils spatially arranged as has been described in bone and derm, respectively. Moreover, a relationship was revealed between the collagen concentration and the aggregation of and rotational angles between lateral fibrils. These results constitute a strong base from which to further develop highly enriched collagen matrices that could lead to substitutes that mimic connective tissues. The matrices thus obtained may also be good candidates for the study of the three-dimensional migration of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervaise Mosser
- Equipe Matériaux du Vivant, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée, UMR7574-CNRS-UPMC-EPHE, 12 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France.
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73
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Giraud Guille MM, Mosser G, Helary C, Eglin D. Bone matrix like assemblies of collagen: from liquid crystals to gels and biomimetic materials. Micron 2005; 36:602-8. [PMID: 16169238 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2005.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2005] [Revised: 06/22/2005] [Accepted: 07/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal tissues associate in close interaction, a dense organic matrix and a mineral network. In bone, the major structural protein is type I collagen, associated with inorganic crystals of hydroxyapatite. The three-dimensional arrangement of collagen fibrils in compact bone forms regularly ordered networks and a parallel was evidenced between these structures and molecular assemblies described in liquid crystals. Similar structures are now obtained in vitro. Indeed, when purified type I collagen is highly concentrated in an acid soluble state, the protein spontaneously assembles into ordered liquid crystalline phases. After a sol/gel transition triggered by pH increase, biomimetic materials are formed which resemble the exact compact bone matrix architecture over distances reaching centimetres and more. The properties of these highly ordered materials will be reviewed recalling their supramolecular arrangement and the corresponding patterns when visualised in polarised light microscopy (birefringence) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The association of inorganic phases (amorphous silica) to form chiral hybrid materials will also be described so as the behaviour of cells (fibroblast adhesion and migration) when seeded on these dense biomimetic matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie M Giraud Guille
- Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Matériaux du Vivant, Université P & Marie Curie, CNRS-UMR 7574, 12 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France.
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74
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Eglin D, Mosser G, Giraud-Guille MM, Livage J, Coradin T. Type I collagen, a versatile liquid crystal biological template for silica structuration from nano- to microscopic scales. SOFT MATTER 2005; 1:129-131. [PMID: 32646083 DOI: 10.1039/b503019f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Type I collagen is a suitable and versatile template for the structuration of silica at different length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Eglin
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée, CNRS-UMR 7574, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France.
| | - Gervaise Mosser
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée, CNRS-UMR 7574, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France.
| | - Marie-Madeleine Giraud-Guille
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée, CNRS-UMR 7574, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France.
| | - Jacques Livage
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée, CNRS-UMR 7574, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France.
| | - Thibaud Coradin
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée, CNRS-UMR 7574, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France.
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75
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Helary C, Foucault-Bertaud A, Godeau G, Coulomb B, Guille MMG. Fibroblast populated dense collagen matrices: cell migration, cell density and metalloproteinases expression. Biomaterials 2005; 26:1533-43. [PMID: 15522755 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2004] [Accepted: 05/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dense collagen matrices obtained by using the property of type I collagen to form liquid crystals at high concentrations, were shown to be colonized by human dermal fibroblasts (Biomaterials 23 (2002) 27). In order to evaluate them as possible tissue substitutes, we investigated in this study the mechanism of cell colonization. Fibroblasts were seeded at the surface of collagen matrices at concentrations of 5 and 40 b mg/ml. Cell density and migration were estimated from histological sections over 28 days within 500 microm thick matrices. At day 14, migration started in the 40 mg/ml matrices, attaining 320 microm in distance and 5500 cell/mm(3) in density at day 28. As zymography and western blot techniques demonstrated production of collagenase 1 (MMP1) and gelatinase A (MMP2) in culture medium, collagen hydrolysis was required for cells to penetrate the collagen network. Furthermore, the presence of MMP1 and MMP2 and their tissue inhibitors TIMP1 and TIMP2 was revealed by immunohistochemistry. We presently show that 40 mg/ml collagen matrices are colonized by human dermal fibroblasts and reach, at day 28, a density close to that measured in human dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Helary
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes,CNRS-UMR 7574, Chimie de la Matière Condensée,12 rue Cuvier, Esc C, 75005 Paris, Ile de France, France.
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76
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Belamie E, Davidson P, Giraud-Guille MM. Structure and Chirality of the Nematic Phase in α-Chitin Suspensions. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp048152u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Belamie
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée, UMR 7574 CNRS, Université Pierre & Marie Curie, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, 12 rue Cuvier, Paris, 75005, France, and Laboratoire de Physique du Solide, UMR 8502 CNRS, Université Paris Sud XI, Bât. 510, Orsay 91405 Cedex, France
| | - P. Davidson
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée, UMR 7574 CNRS, Université Pierre & Marie Curie, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, 12 rue Cuvier, Paris, 75005, France, and Laboratoire de Physique du Solide, UMR 8502 CNRS, Université Paris Sud XI, Bât. 510, Orsay 91405 Cedex, France
| | - M. M. Giraud-Guille
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée, UMR 7574 CNRS, Université Pierre & Marie Curie, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, 12 rue Cuvier, Paris, 75005, France, and Laboratoire de Physique du Solide, UMR 8502 CNRS, Université Paris Sud XI, Bât. 510, Orsay 91405 Cedex, France
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77
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Giraud-Guille MM, Besseau L, Martin R. Liquid crystalline assemblies of collagen in bone and in vitro systems. J Biomech 2004; 36:1571-9. [PMID: 14499304 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(03)00134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Precise descriptions of the three-dimensional arrangements of collagen in bone are essential to understand the mechanical properties of this complex tissue. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of decalcified human compact bone in section reveals characteristic patterns forming regular series of nested arcs. Such patterns are a direct consequence of an organization described as a twisted plywood and relate the distribution of collagen fibrils in osteons with that of molecules in cholesteric liquid crystals. The hypothesis that liquid crystalline properties are involved in the morphogenesis of dense collagen matrices was supported by data obtained in vitro. At a molecular level, acid-soluble collagen molecules spontaneously assemble, at concentrations of 50mg/ml or more, in precholesteric-banded patterns and cholesteric phases, identified by polarized light microscopy. In a more physiological context, these results were conforted, with the precursor molecule of collagen, procollagen, soluble at neutral pH. This protein spontaneously forms liquid crystalline precholesteric phases corresponding to banded patterns and birefringent cords. Stabilization of the liquid crystalline collagen, induced by pH modification and fibril formation, shows characteristic morphologies in TEM, which directly mimic arrays described in vivo. Undulating fibrils are indeed similar to crimp morphologies described in tendons and continuously twisting fibrils, and give rise to arced patterns similar to supra-molecular architectures identified in compact bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Madeleine Giraud-Guille
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée, Université P. et M. Curie, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes and CNRS: UMR 7574, 12 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France.
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78
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Abstract
The relationship between primary sequence and collagen triple-helix formation is relatively well characterized, while higher levels of structural assembly from these sequences is poorly understood. To address this gap, a new collagen-like triblock peptide design was used to study the relationship between amino acid sequence and supramolecular assembly. Four collagen-like peptides with the sequence (Glu)(5)(Gly-Xaa-Hyp-Gly-Pro-Hyp)(6)(Glu)(5) and corresponding to Xaa = alanine, proline, serine, or valine, and an analogous peptide without the glutamic acid end blocks, were solubilized in water at high concentrations (20-150 mg/mL) and analyzed in optical polarizing microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Some of the peptides self-assembled into supramolecular structures, the nature of which was determined by the core collagen-like sequence. The globular end blocks appeared necessary for these short triple-helix-forming peptides to spontaneously organize into supramolecular structures in solution and also provided enhanced thermal stability based on CD analysis. The results indicate a strong dependence of the peptide triblock assembly behavior on the identity of the guest residue Xaa; nematic order when Xaa was valine, no organization when Xaa was serine, and banded spherulites displaying a cholesteric-like twist when Xaa was proline or alanine. According to these results, the identity of the amino acid in position Xaa of the triplet Gly-Xaa-Yaa dramatically determined the type of supramolecular assembly formed by short triple helices based on collagen-triblock like sequences. Moreover, the structural organization observed for these collagen-triblock peptides was analogous to some assemblies observed for native collagen in vivo and in vitro. The amino acid sequence in the native collagen proteins may therefore be a direct determinant of the different supramolecular architectures found in connective tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Massachusetts 02155, USA
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79
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Maeda H, Maeda Y. Liquid crystal formation in suspensions of hard rodlike colloidal particles: direct observation of particle arrangement and self-ordering behavior. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 90:018303. [PMID: 12570654 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.018303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We successfully prepared monodisperse, hard rodlike colloidal particles with a wide range of length-to-width ratios (L/W). In their suspensions liquid crystals, or nematic (N) and smectic (Sm) phases, spontaneously appeared. The size of the particles made it possible to directly observe their arrangement and dynamics with an optical microscope. The phase behavior observed exhibited an I (isotropic)-Sm transition for L/W=3.5-8.0 and I-N-Sm transitions for L/W=10-35. In pre-Sm transition regions, lateral clustering of the particles and subsequent layering of the clusters were observed exactly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideatsu Maeda
- National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology (AIST), Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, AIST Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566 Japan
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80
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Bessea L, Coulomb B, Lebreton-Decoster C, Giraud-Guille MM. Production of ordered collagen matrices for three-dimensional cell culture. Biomaterials 2002; 23:27-36. [PMID: 11762846 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(01)00075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce collagen gels with controlled fibrillar order as matrices for cell culture. Their structural characterization and colonization by human dermal fibroblasts arc presently reported. Ordered matrices are obtained by using the property of type I collagen monomers to self-assemble in liquid crystalline arrays by slow evaporation of acidic solutions at high concentrations. Induction of fibrillogenesis concomittent with the stabilization of the supramolecular order is then obtained, within petri dishes, by gelation of the viscous preparations under ammoniac vapours. For comparison, dermal equivalents, in which collagen compaction depends on fibroblasts contraction, are made according to the method of Bell et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 76(3) (1979) 1274). The fibrillar arrangement of the collagen network in the samples is determined by polarizing optical microscopy and by transmission electron microscopy. Whereas dermal equivalents exhibit heterogeneous distributions of fibrils, two differents types of order are obtained in the stabilized liquid crystalline collagen samples, namely aligned, i.e. nematic, at 20 mg/ml, or crimped, i.e. precholesteric, at 40 mg/ml. The morphology and behaviour of fibroblasts seeded on the surface of the matrices are analysed from day 1 to day 21. The cells are viable, proliferate at the surface of ordered matrices and migrate up to 400 microm in depth. Production of concentrated and ordered collagen matrices provides new perspectives to study the behaviour of cells in a valorized three-dimensional context where the fibrillar organization becomes close to in vivo situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Bessea
- Observatoire Océanologique, Université P.&M. Curie and CNRS, UMR 7628, Banyuls-sur-mer, France.
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81
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Abstract
Tissues change in many ways in the period that they are part of a living organism. They are created in fairly repeatable structural patterns, and we know that the patterns are due to both the genes and the (mechanical) environment, but we do not know exactly what part or percentage of a particular pattern to consider the genes, or the environment, responsible for. We do not know much about the beginning of tissue construction (morphogenesis) and we do not know the methods of tissue construction. When the tissue structure is altered to accommodate a new loading, we do not know how the decision is made for the structural reconstruction. We do know that tissues grow or reconstruct themselves without ceasing to continue with their structural function, but we do not understand the processes that permit them to accomplish this. Tissues change their structures to altered mechanical environments, but we are not sure how. Tissues heal themselves and we understand little of the structural mechanics of the process. With the objective of describing the interesting unsolved mechanics problems associated with these biological processes, some aspects of the formation, growth, and adaptation of living tissues are reviewed. The emphasis is on ideas and models. Beyond the objective is the hope that the work will stimulate new ideas and new observations in the mechanical and chemical aspects of developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Cowin
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, City College, Graduate School, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
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82
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Martin R, Farjanel J, Eichenberger D, Colige A, Kessler E, Hulmes DJ, Giraud-Guille MM. Liquid crystalline ordering of procollagen as a determinant of three-dimensional extracellular matrix architecture. J Mol Biol 2000; 301:11-7. [PMID: 10926488 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2000.3855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The precise molecular mechanisms that determine the three-dimensional architectures of tissues remain largely unknown. Within tissues rich in extracellular matrix, collagen fibrils are frequently arranged in a tissue-specific manner, as in certain liquid crystals. For example, the continuous twist between fibrils in compact bone osteons resembles a cholesteric mesophase, while in tendon, the regular, planar undulation, or "crimp", is akin to a precholesteric mesophase. Such analogies suggest that liquid crystalline organisation plays a role in the determination of tissue form, but it is hard to see how insoluble fibrils could spontaneously and specifically rearrange in this way. Collagen molecules, in dilute acid solution, are known to form nematic, precholesteric and cholesteric phases, but the relevance to physiological assembly mechanisms is unclear. In vivo, fibrillar collagens are synthesised in soluble precursor form, procollagens, with terminal propeptide extensions. Here, we show, by polarized light microscopy of highly concentrated (5-30 mg/ml) viscous drops, that procollagen molecules in physiological buffer conditions can also develop long-range nematic and precholesteric liquid crystalline ordering extending over 100 microm(2) domains, while remaining in true solution. These observations suggest the novel concept that supra-fibrillar tissue architecture is determined by the ability of soluble precursor molecules to form liquid crystalline arrays, prior to fibril assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Martin
- Histophysique et Cytophysique EPHE, Université P. et M. Curie - CNRS UMR 7628, 12 rue Cuvier, Paris, 75005, France
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83
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Giraud-Guille MM, Besseau L, Chopin C, Durand P, Herbage D. Structural aspects of fish skin collagen which forms ordered arrays via liquid crystalline states. Biomaterials 2000; 21:899-906. [PMID: 10735466 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(99)00244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ability of acid-soluble type I collagen extracts from Soleidae flat fish to form ordered arrays in condensed phases has been compared with data for calf skin collagen. Liquid crystalline assemblies in vitro are optimized by preliminary treatment of the molecular population with ultrasounds. This treatment requires the stability of the fish collagen triple helicity to be controlled by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry and the effect of sonication to be evaluated by viscosity measurements and gel electrophoresis. The collagen solution in concentrations of at least 40 mg ml(-1) showed in polarized light microscopy birefringent patterns typical of precholesteric phases indicating long-range order within the fluid collagen phase. Ultrastructural data, obtained after stabilization of the liquid crystalline collagen into a gelated matrix, showed that neutralized acid-soluble fish collagen forms cross-striated fibrils, typical of type I collagen, following sine wave-like undulations in precholesteric domains. These ordered geometries, approximating in vivo situations, give interesting mechanical properties to the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Giraud-Guille
- Observatoire Océanologique, Histo-Cytophysique EPHE, Université P. et M. Curie and CNRS-UMR 7628, France.
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84
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Valluzzi R, Kaplan DL. Sequence-specific liquid crystallinity of collagen model peptides. I. Transmission electron microscopy studies of interfacial collagen gels. Biopolymers 2000; 53:350-62. [PMID: 10685055 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0282(20000405)53:4<350::aid-bip7>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The conformation, crystal structure and self-assembly behavior of three peptides with collagen-like repetitive sequences [(1) peptide GAPGPP: (Glu)(5)(Gly-Ala-Pro-Gly-Pro-Pro)(6)(Glu)(5); (2) peptide GVPGPP: (Glu)(5)(Gly-Val-Pro-Gly-Pro-Pro)(6)(Glu)(5); and (3) peptide GAPGPA: (Glu)(5)(Gly-Ala-Pro-Gly-Pro-Ala)(6)(Glu)(5)] were compared. The peptides were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, environmental scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform ir spectroscopy in order to determine how the molecular geometry dictated by each sequence affects the spontaneous generation of long-range ordered structures. Samples of each peptide, at ambient temperature and at 5 degrees C, were examined as films dried from aqueous solution, air-water interfacial films, and chloroform-water interfacial films. Peptide GAPGPP prepared at 5 degrees C and dried from bulk solution was found to have a collagen-like triple-helical structure. A sinusoidally textured gel, suggestive of cholesteric behavior was observed for peptides GAPGPP and GVPGPP at the aqueous chloroform interface at 5 degrees C. Peptide GAPGPA also formed a gel, but less reproducibly and the sinusoidal texture was not as well defined. The periodicities of the sinusoidal textures were reproducibly 10 microm for peptide GAPGPP, 7 microm for peptide GVPGPP, and 6 microm for peptide GAPGPA. The differences in the periodicity of the banded structure and in the crystallization behavior of the three peptides is attributed to differences in the symmetry of the preferred packing arrangement for each peptide, as evidenced by electron diffraction from crystallites that coexist with the sinusoidal gel. These differences are believed to be a measure of the effective symmetry and shape of the molecular cross section.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Valluzzi
- Tufts University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Center, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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85
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Biological Fibrous Materials: Self-Assembled Structures and Optimised Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-1804(00)80012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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86
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Giraud-Guille MM, Besseau L. Banded patterns in liquid crystalline phases of type I collagen: relationship with crimp morphology in connective tissue architecture. Connect Tissue Res 1998; 37:183-93. [PMID: 9862220 DOI: 10.3109/03008209809002438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Solutions of type I acid soluble collagen were studied in light and electron microscopy at concentrations over 40 mg/ml. Banded patterns spontaneously emerge in samples observed between crossed polars between slide and coverslip. The textures are interpreted as precholesteric, appearing at the transition between the isotropic phases, due to random molecular order, and the cholesteric phase corresponding to a highly organized three-dimensional structure. Type I collagen banded patterns correspond to regular undulations of the molecular directions with an observed periodicity in the range of 1 to 10 microm. This interpretation is verified by ultrastructural analysis of precholesteric samples gelled under ammonium vapors. Results are discussed in regard to banded patterns described either within synthetic polymer systems or within collagen extracellular matrices. Self-assembled liquid crystalline phases of collagen generate crimp morphologies. Their possible relationship with early secretion steps in the development of connective tissues is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Giraud-Guille
- Histophysique et Cytophysique--EPHE, Observatoire Océanologique, Université P. et M. Curie and CNRS, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
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87
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Ho MW, Knight DP. The acupuncture system and the liquid crystalline collagen fibers of the connective tissues. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 1998; 26:251-63. [PMID: 9862013 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x98000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We propose that the acupuncture system and the DC body field detected by western scientists both in here in the continuum of liquid crystalline collagen fibers that make up the bulk of the connective tissues. Bound water layers on the collagen fibers provide proton conduction pathways for rapid intercommunication throughout the body, enabling the organism to function as a coherent whole. This liquid crystalline continuum mediates hyperreactivity to allergens and the body's responsiveness to different forms of subtle energy medicine. It constitutes a "body consciousness" working in tandem with the "brain consciousness" of the nervous system. We review supporting evidence from biochemistry, cell biology, biophysics and neurophysiology, and suggest experiments to test our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Ho
- Bioelectrodynamics Laboratory, Open University, Milton Keynes, U.K
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88
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Knight DP, Nash L, Hu XW, Haffegee J, Ho MW. In vitro formation by reverse dialysis of collagen gels containing highly oriented arrays of fibrils. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 1998; 41:185-91. [PMID: 9638522 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(199808)41:2<185::aid-jbm2>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Acid extracts of rat tail tendon were subjected to reverse dialysis against 0.5% PEG at 4 degrees C in an attempt to induce liquid crystallization. After 48 h, gel and fibril formation were initiated by continuing dialysis at 20 degrees C against the same PEG solution adjusted to pH 7.4. The inclusion of calcium- or magnesium chloride (final concentration 0.3-33 mM) in the collagen solution before dialysis resulted in strongly birefringent gels that showed a progressive rotation of the slow axis of birefringence with increasing distance from the lateral margin of the gel. The gels contained fibers running predominantly in the plane of the flattened gel and crossing at angles of between 55 degrees and 90 degrees. We suggest that liquid crystallization is responsible for this phenomenon and that it might be possible to exploit this to produce materials for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Knight
- Collagen Research Group, King Alfred's College, Winchester, United Kingdom
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89
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Besseau L, Bouligand Y. The twisted collagen network of the box-fish scutes. Tissue Cell 1998; 30:251-60. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-8166(98)80073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/1997] [Accepted: 12/16/1997] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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90
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Hu XW, Knight DP, Chapman JA. The effect of non-polar liquids and non-ionic detergents on the ultrastructure and assembly of rat tail tendon collagen fibrils in vitro. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1997; 1334:327-37. [PMID: 9101729 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(96)00112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-ionic detergents or emulsions of non-polar liquids when added to solutions of rat tail tendon collagen (RTTC) or to the dispersed fibrils produced similar conspicuous ultrastructural modifications in the form of a D-periodic lesion between bands c2 and d in the 'gap region' of the fibril close to the start of the overlap region. The size and extent of the lesion in some fibrils indicates that at least some of the collagen molecules rupture. In an attempt to detect peptide fragments produced in this way we ran SDS-PAGE gels of collagen fibrils treated with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100. These contained two peptides (44 and 32 kDa) not seen in controls. The lesions are thought to result from interactions between the hydrophobic part of non-polar liquids or detergents with an anomalous part of the fibril's D-period. The anomalous region has a high concentration of hydrophobic and alanyl residues but exceptionally few charged and hydroxyproline ones. We suggest that the anomalous region may play a part in storing and dissipating strain energy and permitting cross-link formation. Similar collagen-lipid interactions may occur under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- X W Hu
- Department of Biological Science, King Alfred's College, Winchester, UK
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91
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Giraud-Guille MM. Twisted liquid crystalline supramolecular arrangements in morphogenesis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1996; 166:59-101. [PMID: 8881773 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)62506-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular assemblies following liquid crystalline cholesteric geometries have been described in biological systems from optical properties observed in polarized-light microscopy and structural data obtained in electron microscopy. Major biological macromolecules are discussed, including structural polymers of the extracellular matrix, genetic material in nuclei and chromosomes, and proteins of the cytoplasm. The liquid crystalline assembly properties of biological polymers have been demonstrated by experiments in vitro with molecules at basic structural levels, such as molecular chains of cellulose and chitin, triple helices of collagen, and double helices of DNA, and also with entities at higher states of organization as they appear in cells and tissues, such as cellulose and chitin crystallites, and collagen fibrils. It appears that the building of cellular and extracellular edifices implies self-ordering processes of the liquid crystalline type and that the study of these mesomorphic states will help resolve basic questions about the structure and morphogenesis of densely packed biological structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Giraud-Guille
- Histophysique et Cytophysique, Université P. et M. Curie and CNRS, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
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92
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Abstract
Microscopic studies at different scales have shown that in biological tissues the three-dimensional arrangement of chitin-protein or of collagen fibrillar networks can follow the same spatial distributions as those described in certain liquid crystals. The present work reviews the structural analogies established between the dense fibrillar organic matrix found in two materials: crab cuticles and compact bones. In both systems mobile fringes are described in polarizing microscopy, periodic cleavage aspects in scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and arched patterns in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In parallel to these structural data, results obtained in vitro are recalled which corroborate the relationship established between ordered arrays of biopolymers and liquid crystalline assembly principles, highly concentrated solutions of purified collagen molecules spontaneously form ordered assemblies characterized in polarizing microscopy as cholesteric phases. This particular state of matter joins both fluidity and order and could correspond to a transient state of collagen or chitin secretion, before the stiffening of these skeletal structures, bone or cuticle, by molecular cross-links and crystalline deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Giraud-Guille
- Histophysique & Cytophysique EPHE, Université P. & M. Curie and CNRS, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
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93
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Abstract
Microfibrillar fragments of purified crab and shrimp chitin were prepared by hydrolysis in 3 M HCl at its boiling point (104 degrees C). After removal of the acid by centrifugal washing and dialysis, an ultrasound treatment converts the residual product to a colloidal suspension stabilized by NH3+ charges. When dewatered to a critical concentration, spontaneous formation of a two-phase equilibrium system system occurs. The upper phase (lower concentration) is isotropic and the lower phase is anisotropic. The latter displays chiral nematic order and dries to a solid film which mimics the helicoid organization characteristic of the chitin microfibrils in the cuticle of arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Revol
- Paprican Department, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
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94
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Taravel MN, Domard A. Relation between the physicochemical characteristics of collagen and its interactions with chitosan: I. Biomaterials 1993; 14:930-8. [PMID: 8268385 DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(93)90135-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between bovine atelocollagen and a high molecular weight fully deacetylated chitosan has been studied. Considering the apparent mass of an anionic equivalent of collagen and the results of various techniques (potentiometry, conductometry and IR spectroscopy), a purely electrostatic mechanism is demonstrated. The role of charge density and chain length of collagen chains is discussed, and although the interaction is weak and hindered by gel formation in collagen solutions, a polyanion-polycation complex is obtained. Circular dichroism spectroscopy experiments show an organization in the solid state of the complex which is quite different to those of collagen and chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Taravel
- Laboratoire d'Etudes des Matériaux Plastiques et des Biomatériaux (URA CNRS 507), Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France
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95
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