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Lin SD, Udompornmongkol P, Yang JH, Chen SY, Mau JL. Quality and Antioxidant Property of Three Types of Tea Infusions. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Dun Lin
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Hungkuang University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Panisa Udompornmongkol
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; National Chung Hsing University; 250 Kuokuang Road Taichung 40227 Taiwan
- NCHU-UCD Plant and Food Biotechnology Program; Biotechnology Center; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Joan-Hwa Yang
- Department of Restaurant and Institutional Management; Shih Chien University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yu Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; National Chung Hsing University; 250 Kuokuang Road Taichung 40227 Taiwan
- NCHU-UCD Plant and Food Biotechnology Program; Biotechnology Center; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Leun Mau
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology; National Chung Hsing University; 250 Kuokuang Road Taichung 40227 Taiwan
- NCHU-UCD Plant and Food Biotechnology Program; Biotechnology Center; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
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Effect of tea (Camellia sinensis) and olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves extracts on male mice exposed to diazinon. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:461415. [PMID: 23691503 PMCID: PMC3652132 DOI: 10.1155/2013/461415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of tea and olive leaves extracts and their combination in male mice intoxicated with a sublethal concentration of diazinon. Exposure of mice to 6.5 mg/kg body weight of diazinon for seven weeks resulted in statistical increases of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, creatinine, glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol, while the value of serum total protein was declined. Treating diazinon-intoxicated mice with tea and olive leaves extracts or their combination significantly attenuated the severe alterations in these hematobiochemical parameters. Moreover, the results indicated that the supplementation with combination of tea and olive leaves extracts led to more attenuation effect against diazinon toxicity. Additionally, these new findings suggest that the effect of tea and olive leaves extracts and their combination against toxicity of diazinon may be due to antioxidant properties of their chemical constituents. Finally, the present study indicated that the extracts of tea and olive leaves and their combination can be considered as promising therapeutic agents against hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and metabolic disorders induced by diazinon and maybe by other toxicants and pathogenic factors.
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Chen LL, Wang SQ. From the bottle to the skin: challenges in evaluating antioxidants. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2013; 28:228-34. [PMID: 22971186 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2012.00674.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous production and ultraviolet-generated free radicals in the skin can lead to photoaging and even skin cancer. Topical antioxidants have been found to provide benefits against ultraviolet damage and these ingredients have been incorporated into various cosmetic products and claimed to have substantial effects. Currently, there is a lack in a standardized rating system to measure the concentration and activity levels of antioxidants in these products. As a result, it is difficult for consumers and clinicians to evaluate and select commercial products based on readily accessible evidence. In this review, we will describe four assays which have been used to measure antioxidants in various products, and the strengths and weaknesses of each test will be detailed. We will highlight key considerations for clinicians when interpreting the results of antioxidant tests when evaluating commercial products containing antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy L Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10022, USA
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KAWASE M, SAITO T, NAKANO Y, YAMASHITA Y, IMADA S, ASHIDA H. Effect of Green Tea Extract on Copper Dynamics in Mouse Hair. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.19.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Jun YM, Kim EH, Lim JJ, Kim SH, Kim SH, Lim JD, Cheoi DS, Cheoi YS, Yu CY, Chung IM. Variation of Phenolic Compounds Contents in Cultivated Astragalus membranaceus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.7783/kjmcs.2012.20.6.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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56
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Ku HC, Liu HS, Hung PF, Chen CL, Liu HC, Chang HH, Tsuei YW, Shih LJ, Lin CL, Lin CM, Kao YH. Green tea (-)-epigallocatechin gallate inhibits IGF-I and IGF-II stimulation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte mitogenesis via the 67-kDa laminin receptor, but not AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:580-92. [PMID: 22495985 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE This study investigated the pathways involved in epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) modulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I-stimulated and IGF-II-stimulated mitogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that this process was dose and time dependent, and caused by suppression of IGF-I-stimulated and IGF-II-stimulated phosphorylation of p66Shc and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway proteins, including MEK1 kinase (RAF1), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK1), and ERK 1 and ERK 2 (ERK1/2), but not phospho-Jun-N-terminal kinase, protein kinase B, p52Shc, or p46Shc. Furthermore, EGCG inhibited the IGF-I-stimulated phosphorylation of the IGF-I receptor-beta (IGF-IR β), the association of IGF-IR with the p66Shc protein, and the IGF-II-stimulated associations of the IGF-II receptor with G(αi-2) and p66Shc proteins, suggesting that EGCG selectively affects particular types of Shc and MAPK family members. Pretreatment with antiserum against the EGCG receptor (also known as the 67-kDa laminin receptor; 67LR), but not with an adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor, prevented the inhibitory actions of EGCG on IGF-I- and IGF-II-stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation and subsequent preadipocyte proliferation. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that EGCG mediates anti-IGF-I and anti-IGF-II signals in preadipocyte mitogenesis via the 67LR but not the AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Ku
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
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Huang HC, Lin JK. Pu-erh tea, green tea, and black tea suppresses hyperlipidemia, hyperleptinemia and fatty acid synthase through activating AMPK in rats fed a high-fructose diet. Food Funct 2012; 3:170-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1fo10157a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kanwar J, Taskeen M, Mohammad I, Huo C, Chan TH, Dou QP. Recent advances on tea polyphenols. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2012; 4:111-31. [PMID: 22201858 DOI: 10.2741/363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade many scientific and medical studies have focused on green tea for its long-purported health benefits. There is convincing evidence that tea is a cup of life. It has multiple preventive and therapeutic effects. This review thus focuses on the recent advances of tea polyphenols and their applications in the prevention and treatment of human cancers. Of the various polyphenols in tea, (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant, and active compound studied in tea research. EGCG inhibits several molecular targets to inhibit cancer initiation and modulates several essential survival pathways to block cancer progression. Herein, we describe the various mechanisms of action of EGCG and also discuss previous and current ongoing clinical trials of EGCG and green tea polyphenols in different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kanwar
- The Developmental Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, and Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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GULER GOKALPOZMEN. STUDIES ON ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF THE DIFFERENT SOLVENT EXTRACTS AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OFHYOSCYAMUS RETICULATUSL. J Food Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2011.00564.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Leopoldini M, Chiodo SG, Russo N, Toscano M. Detailed Investigation of the OH Radical Quenching by Natural Antioxidant Caffeic Acid Studied by Quantum Mechanical Models. J Chem Theory Comput 2011; 7:4218-33. [PMID: 26598362 DOI: 10.1021/ct200572p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of naturally occurring antioxidant caffeic acid in the inactivation of the very damaging hydroxyl radical has been theoretically investigated by means of hybrid density functional theory. Three possible pathways by which caffeic acid may inactivate free radicals were analyzed: hydrogen abstraction from all available hydrogen atoms, hydroxyl radical addition to all carbon atoms in the molecule, and single electron transfer. The reaction paths were traced independently, and the respective thermal rate constants were calculated using variational transition-state theory including the contribution of tunneling. The more reactive sites in caffeic acid are the C4OH phenolic group and the C4 carbon atom, for the hydrogen abstraction and radical addition, respectively. The single electron transfer process seems to be thermodynamically unfavored, in both polar and nonpolar media. Both hydrogen abstraction and radical addition are very feasible, with a slight preference for the latter, with a rate constant of 7.29 × 10(10) M(-1) s(-1) at 300 K. Tunnel effects are found to be quite unimportant in both cases. Results indicate caffeic acid as a potent natural antioxidant in trapping and scavenging hydroxyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Leopoldini
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centro di Calcolo ad Alte Prestazioni per Elaborazioni Parallele e Distribuite-Centro d'Eccellenza MIUR, Università della Calabria , I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Sandro G Chiodo
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centro di Calcolo ad Alte Prestazioni per Elaborazioni Parallele e Distribuite-Centro d'Eccellenza MIUR, Università della Calabria , I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centro di Calcolo ad Alte Prestazioni per Elaborazioni Parallele e Distribuite-Centro d'Eccellenza MIUR, Università della Calabria , I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Marirosa Toscano
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centro di Calcolo ad Alte Prestazioni per Elaborazioni Parallele e Distribuite-Centro d'Eccellenza MIUR, Università della Calabria , I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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Wei IH, Tu HC, Huang CC, Tsai MH, Tseng CY, Shieh JY. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate attenuates NADPH-d/nNOS expression in motor neurons of rats following peripheral nerve injury. BMC Neurosci 2011; 12:52. [PMID: 21627848 PMCID: PMC3121620 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-12-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress and large amounts of nitric oxide (NO) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of neuronal injury and neurodegenerative disease. Recent studies have shown that (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), one of the green tea polyphenols, has potent antioxidant effects against free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation in ischemia-induced neuronal damage. The purpose of this study was to examine whether EGCG would attenuate neuronal expression of NADPH-d/nNOS in the motor neurons of the lower brainstem following peripheral nerve crush. Thus, young adult rats were treated with EGCG (10, 25, or 50 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min prior to crushing their hypoglossal and vagus nerves for 30 seconds (left side, at the cervical level). The treatment (pre-crush doses of EGCG) was continued from day 1 to day 6, and the animals were sacrificed on days 3, 7, 14 and 28. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) immunohistochemistry were used to assess neuronal NADPH-d/nNOS expression in the hypoglossal nucleus and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Results In rats treated with high dosages of EGCG (25 or 50 mg/kg), NADPH-d/nNOS reactivity and cell death of the motor neurons were significantly decreased. Conclusions The present evidence indicated that EGCG can reduce NADPH-d/nNOS reactivity and thus may enhance motor neuron survival time following peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hua Wei
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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WU JIHGUAN, WANG PEIJIN, CHEN SHAUNC. ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF CATECHIN-IMPREGNATED PVA-STARCH FILM ON RED MEAT. J FOOD QUALITY 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2010.00350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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64
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Carlotti ME, Sapino S, Ugazio E, Caron G. On the complexation of quercetin with methyl-β-cyclodextrin: photostability and antioxidant studies. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-010-9864-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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65
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Composition and antioxidative properties of the flavonoid-rich fractions from tartary buckwheat grains. Food Sci Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-010-0100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Novel antioxidant approaches to the treatment of upper airway inflammation. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 10:34-41. [PMID: 19935060 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e328334f613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Current understanding of the role of oxidative stress in airway inflammation suggests that antioxidant therapy may be important to optimize the treatment. This review summarizes recent investigations of novel antioxidant agents for upper airway inflammation, with selected studies focused on lower airway disease as additional candidate therapeutics. RECENT FINDINGS Recently investigated antioxidant therapies for airway inflammation may be broadly grouped into three categories: endogenous metabolic agents, vitamins/nutrients, and botanical extracts. Studies examining effects in upper airway inflammation are limited and primarily consist of in-vitro human and in-vivo animal models. More extensive studies have investigated the benefits of antioxidants in lower airway conditions such as allergic asthma. Existing evidence identifies antioxidant agents with potential therapeutic value, although human studies suggest that subpopulations affected by specific genetic, environmental, dietary factors, or all are most likely to benefit from antioxidant therapy. SUMMARY Oxidative stress plays a causative role in upper airway inflammation, and novel strategies to mitigate cellular injury with antioxidant therapy may ameliorate disease in target populations. Preclinical studies demonstrate evidence of anti-inflammatory effects for a number of promising antioxidant agents. Well designed interventional human studies of the upper airway, which account for complex gene-environment-diet interactions, will be necessary to adequately examine the potential clinical benefit of antioxidant therapies for rhinosinusitis.
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Chiodo SG, Leopoldini M, Russo N, Toscano M. The inactivation of lipid peroxide radical by quercetin. A theoretical insight. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:7662-70. [PMID: 20596589 DOI: 10.1039/b924521a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of naturally occurring antioxidant quercetin in the inactivation of the damaging lipid peroxide radical was investigated by means of hybrid density functional based approach, using the direct dynamics method, where the thermal rate constants were calculated using variational transition-state theory with multidimensional tunneling. H-atom abstraction in quercetin by CH(3)OO peroxide occurs preferentially at the 4'OH phenolic site, from both kinetic and thermodynamic points of view. In principle, the narrowness of the obtained adiabatic potential-energy profile makes the occurrence of a significant tunnelling contribution possible. In fact, this contribution enhances the value of the computed rate constant at 300 K from 1.94 x 10(1) to 9.63 x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1) indicating that quercetin is a potent natural antioxidant in trapping and scavenging free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro G Chiodo
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centro di Calcolo ad Alte Prestazioni per Elaborazioni Parallele e Distribuite-Centro d'Eccellenza MIUR, Università della Calabria, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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LIN SHENGDUN, LIANG CHIHHUNG, LIU ENHUI, MAU JENGLEUN. ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF WATER EXTRACTS FROM PARCHING GREEN TEA. J Food Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2009.00293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kapoor VK, Dureja J, Chadha R. Herbals in the control of ageing. Drug Discov Today 2009; 14:992-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2009.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Revised: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Nakamura H, Ukai T, Yoshimura A, Kozuka Y, Yoshioka H, Yoshinaga Y, Abe Y, Hara Y. Green tea catechin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced bone resorption in vivo. J Periodontal Res 2009; 45:23-30. [PMID: 19602116 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Bone resorption is positively regulated by receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL). Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1beta, promote RANKL expression by stromal cells and osteoblasts. Green tea catechin (GTC) has beneficial effects on human health and has been reported to inhibit osteoclast formation in an in vitro co-culture system. However, there has been no investigation of the effect of GTC on periodontal bone resorption in vivo. We therefore investigated whether GTC has an inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone resorption. MATERIAL AND METHODS Escherichia coli (E. coli) LPS or LPS with GTC was injected a total of 10 times, once every 48 h, into the gingivae of BALB/c mice. Another group of mice, housed with free access to water containing GTC throughout the experimental period, were also injected with LPS in a similar manner. RESULTS The alveolar bone resorption and IL-1beta expression induced by LPS in gingival tissue were significantly decreased by injection or oral administration of GTC. Furthermore, when GTC was added to the medium, decreased responses to LPS were observed in CD14-expressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) reporter cells, which express CD25 through LPS-induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation. These findings demonstrated that GTC inhibits nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB activated by LPS. In addition, osteoclasts were generated from mouse bone marrow macrophages cultured in a medium containing RANKL and macrophage colony-stimulating factor with or without GTC. The number of osteoclasts was decreased in dose-dependent manner when GTC was added to the culture medium. CONCLUSION These results suggest that GTC suppresses LPS-induced bone resorption by inhibiting IL-1beta production or by directly inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nakamura
- Department of Periodontology, Unit of Translational Medicine, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
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Ku HC, Chang HH, Liu HC, Hsiao CH, Lee MJ, Hu YJ, Hung PF, Liu CW, Kao YH. Green tea (−)-epigallocatechin gallate inhibits insulin stimulation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte mitogenesis via the 67-kDa laminin receptor pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2009; 297:C121-32. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00272.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Insulin and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have been reported to regulate fat cell mitogenesis and adipogenesis, respectively. This study investigated the pathways involved in EGCG modulation of insulin-stimulated mitogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. EGCG inhibited insulin stimulation of preadipocyte proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. EGCG also suppressed insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of the insulin receptor-β, insulin receptor (IR) substrates 1 and 2 (IRS1 and IRS2), and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway proteins, RAF1, MEK1/2, and ERK1/2, but not JNK. Furthermore, EGCG inhibited the association of IR with the IRS1 and IRS2 proteins, but not with the IRS4 protein. These data suggest that EGCG selectively affects particular types of IRS and MAPK family members. Generally, EGCG was more effective than epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin in modulating insulin-stimulated mitogenic signaling. We identified the EGCG receptor [also known as the 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR)] in fat cells and found that its expression was sensitive to growth phase, tissue type, and differentiation state. Pretreatment of preadipocytes with 67LR antiserum prevented the effects of EGCG on insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS2, RAF1, and ERK1/2 and insulin-stimulated preadipocyte proliferation (cell number and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation). Moreover, EGCG tended to increase insulin-stimulated associations between the 67LR and IR, IRS1, IRS2, and IRS4 proteins. These data suggest that EGCG mediates anti-insulin signaling in preadipocyte mitogenesis via the 67LR pathway.
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Karasová G, Lehotay J. MSPD Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Fruit‐Green Tea Using Various Non‐Polar Sorbents. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-200030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Karasová
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology , Slovak University of Technology , Radlinského 9 , 812 37 , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - J. Lehotay
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology , Slovak University of Technology , Radlinského 9 , 812 37 , Bratislava , Slovakia
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Stanely Mainzen Prince P, Priscilla H, Devika PT. Gallic acid prevents lysosomal damage in isoproterenol induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 615:139-43. [PMID: 19450577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/09/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the preventive effect of gallic acid on lysosomal enzymes in isoproterenol treated myocardial infarcted rats. Male albino Wistar rats were pretreated with gallic acid (15 mg/kg) daily for a period of 10 days. After the treatment period, isoproterenol (100 mg/kg) was subcutaneously injected to rats twice at an interval of 24 h. The activity of creatine kinase-MB and lactate dehydrogenase were increased significantly (P<0.05) in the serum of isoproterenol induced cardiotoxic rats. The levels of lipid peroxidation products (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides) were significantly (P<0.05) increased and the level of reduced glutathione was significantly (P<0.05) decreased in the plasma and heart of isoproterenol induced cardiotoxic rats. The activities of lysosomal enzymes (beta-glucuronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, cathepsin-B and D) were increased significantly (P<0.05) in the serum and heart of isoproterenol induced cardiotoxic rats. Isoproterenol induction also resulted in decreased stability of membranes, which was reflected by lowered activities of beta-glucuronidase and cathepsin-D in lysosomal fraction. Pretreatment with gallic acid (15 mg/kg) to isoproterenol treated rats significantly (P<0.05) prevented the changes in the activities of cardiac marker enzymes, the levels of lipid peroxidation products, reduced glutathione and the activities of lysosomal enzymes. Oral treatment with gallic acid (15 mg/kg) to normal control rats did not show any significant effect. Thus, the results of our study show that gallic acid prevents the lysosomal membrane damage against isoproterenol induced cardiac damage and brought back the activities of lysosomal enzymes to near normal levels. The observed effects of gallic acid are due to antilipoperoxidative and antioxidant effects.
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PARK JIHEE, LEE JUNGMIN, CHO YONGJIN, KIM CHONGTAI, KIM CHULJIN, NAM KICHANG, LEE SEUNGCHEOL. EFFECT OF FAR-INFRARED HEATER ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GREEN TEA DURING PROCESSING. J Food Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2008.00203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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75
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Park HY, Lee HS, Cho EJ. Protective Activity of Seolitae Chungkukjang Added with Green Tea against Cellular Oxidative Stress induced by AAPH. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2009.14.1.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Kalia K, Sharma K, Singh HP, Singh B. Effects of extraction methods on phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in aerial parts of Potentilla atrosanguinea Lodd. and quantification of its phenolic constituents by RP-HPLC. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:10129-10134. [PMID: 18841977 DOI: 10.1021/jf802188b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different solvent systems (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and their 50% aqueous concentrations) and extraction procedures (microwave, ultrasound, Soxhlet and maceration) on the antioxidant activity of aerial parts of Potentilla atrosanguinea were investigated by three different bioassays: 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP). The 50% aqueous ethanol extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activity measured in terms of Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) [(54.34 to 122.96, 29.82 to 101.22 and 13.64 to 41.43) mg of Trolox/g] with ABTS (*+), DPPH (*) and FRAP assays, respectively. In general, TEAC of Soxhlet extracts was found to be 1.8 and 3 times higher than ultrasound and maceration but slightly (1.2 times) higher than microwave. A positive correlation (r(2) = 0.931 to 0.982) was observed between total polyphenol (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents which ranged between 26.7 to 30.7 mg/g gallic acid equivalent and 16.8 to 20.8 mg/g quercetin equivalent respectively, with antioxidant activity. In addition, some of its bioactive phenolic constituents which contribute largely toward antioxidant potential such as chlorogenic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and quercetin were also quantified in different extracts by RP-HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Kalia
- Natural Plant Products Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR), Post Box 6, Palampur-176 061, Himachal Pradesh, India
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77
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Lin SD, Liu EH, Mau JL. Effect of different brewing methods on antioxidant properties of steaming green tea. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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78
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Jayabalan R, Subathradevi P, Marimuthu S, Sathishkumar M, Swaminathan K. Changes in free-radical scavenging ability of kombucha tea during fermentation. Food Chem 2008; 109:227-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2007] [Revised: 11/24/2007] [Accepted: 12/15/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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79
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Kiokias S, Varzakas T, Oreopoulou V. In vitro activity of vitamins, flavonoids, and natural phenolic antioxidants against the oxidative deterioration of oil-based systems. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2008; 48:78-93. [PMID: 18274966 DOI: 10.1080/10408390601079975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
It is well-known, that lipid antioxidants can retard the oxidative rancidity of foods caused by atmospheric oxidation, and thus protect oils, fats, and fat-soluble components from their quality degradation. In the last few years, much emphasis has been put on the promotion and use of natural antioxidants, commonly occurring in many fruits and vegetables and thereby produced from various natural extracts. This review gives a summary of previously reported work together with more recent trends in the field of natural antioxidants. Focus is given on the mechanism of actions and the inhibitory effect of certain vitamins against the oxidative degradation of oil-based systems. Moreover, the use of natural phenolics (flavonoids, olive-oil penolics, herb extracts etc.) as antioxidants in numerous lipid food applications is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Kiokias
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens
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80
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LI P, DONG SQ, WANG QJ, FANG YZ. Analysis of Trace Ingredients in Green Tea by Capillary Electrophoresis with Amperometric Detection. CHINESE J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200890091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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81
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Pan J, Zhang S, Yan L, Tai J, Xiao Q, Zou K, Zhou Y, Wu J. Separation of flavanone enantiomers and flavanone glucoside diastereomers from Balanophora involucrata Hook. f. by capillary electrophoresis and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a C18 column. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1185:117-29. [PMID: 18291407 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2007] [Revised: 12/28/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A pair of flavanone glucoside diastereomers, (2R)- and (2S)-eriodictyol-5-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside (1a, 1b), was successfully separated by RP-C(18) high-performance liquid chromatography from Balanophora involucrata Hook. f. Some other compounds, including a pair of flavanone enantiomers, (2R)- and (2S)-eriodictyol (2a, 2b), and a pair of flavanone glucoside diastereomers, (2R)- and (2S)-eriodictyol-7-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside(3a, 3b), were separated by capillary electrophoresis from the same plant. The absolute configurations at C-2 of 1a and 1b were determined based on their circular dichroism spectra. Enzymatic hydrolysis of 1a and 1b by beta-d-glucosidase afforded (2R)- and (2S)-eriodictyol, respectively, which were used as the authentic standards for co-elution to determine the migration order of the enantiomers, 2a and 2b. We also report the first example of identifying the migration order of 2a and 2b and resolving the separation of 3a and 3b by capillary electrophoresis. In addition, 1a was unambiguously characterized for the first time by NMR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
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82
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Kohda C, Yanagawa Y, Shimamura T. Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits intracellular survival of Listeria monocytogenes in macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 365:310-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Accepted: 10/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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83
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Kim HJ, Park SH, Park SY, Moon UY, Lee BD, Yoon SH, Lee JG, Baek SJ, Yoon JH. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits interleukin-1beta-induced MUC5AC gene expression and MUC5AC secretion in normal human nasal epithelial cells. J Nutr Biochem 2007; 19:536-544. [PMID: 18155512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Revised: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) induces mucus hypersecretion in normal human nasal epithelial (NHNE) cells and that the MAP kinase pathway may be an important signal pathway in IL-1beta-induced MUC5AC gene expression. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) polyphenols are potent anti-inflammatory agents and have been shown to inhibit inflammation in tumor cell lines and cultured respiratory epithelial cells. In this study, we examined the effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenol, on IL-1beta-induced MUC5AC gene expression and secretion in NHNE cells. After cells had been treated with IL-1beta (10 ng/ml) and pretreated with EGCG (10, 50 and 100 microM), mRNA expression of MUC5AC was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The suppression of each signal pathway protein was determined by Western blot analysis after treatment with IL-1beta and EGCG, respectively. IL-1beta increased MUC5AC gene expression and MUC5AC secretion. EGCG markedly suppressed IL-1beta-induced MUC5AC gene expression and MUC5AC secretion via suppression of the phosphorylation of ERK MAP kinase, MSK1, and transcription factor, cAMP response element-binding protein. IL-1beta increased the number of cells staining positive with MUC5AC antibodies, and EGCG treatment decreased this number. Our data suggest that EGCG may be an effective inhibitor of IL-1beta-induced mucus hypersecretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jik Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Ho Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Yoon Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Uk Yeol Moon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Don Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Yoon
- The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeung-Gweon Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Joon Baek
- The Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Joo-Heon Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; The Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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84
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Liyana-Pathirana CM, Shahidi F. The antioxidant potential of milling fractions from breadwheat and durum. J Cereal Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2006.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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85
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Silva E, Jopia M, Edwards AM, Lemp E, Fuente JR, Lissi E. Protective Effect of Boldo and Tea Infusions on the Visible Light-mediated Pro-oxidant Effects of Vitamin B2, Riboflavin¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)0750585peobat2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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86
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87
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Simultaneous analysis of purine alkaloids and catechins in Camellia sinensis, Camellia ptilophylla and Camellia assamica var. kucha by HPLC. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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88
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Pastore RL, Fratellone P. Potential Health Benefits of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis): A Narrative Review. Explore (NY) 2006; 2:531-9. [PMID: 17113495 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2006.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Pastore
- Beth Israel Medical Center, St Lukes-Roosevelt Hospital, New York City, NY, USA
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89
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90
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Kapsokefalou M, Zhu L, Miller DD. Adding iron to green tea may decrease its antioxidant capacity in rats after an oral dose of the mixture. Nutr Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2006.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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91
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Nichenametla SN, Taruscio TG, Barney DL, Exon JH. A review of the effects and mechanisms of polyphenolics in cancer. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2006; 46:161-83. [PMID: 16431408 DOI: 10.1080/10408390591000541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper is a comprehensive review of the effects of bioactive polyphenolic compounds commonly found in many fruits and vegetables on cancer. These include the pheniolic acids, anthocyanins, catechins, stilbenes and several other flavonoids. We have attempted to compile information from most of the major studies in this area into one source. The review encompasses the occurrence and bioavailability of the polyphenolics, the in vitro and in vivo evidence for their effects on cancer, both positive and negative, and the various mechanisms by which the chemicals may exert their effects. Although most of the work done to date indicates a chemopreventative activity of these compounds, there are some studies that show cancer-inducing or no effects. There are several common mechanisms by which these chemicals exert their effects that could be conducive to additive, synergistic, or antagonistic interactions. These include effects on cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, effects on proteins and enzymes that are involved in these processes at a molecular level, and other various effects through altered immune function and chemical metabolism.
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92
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Monzen S, Mori T, Takahashi K, Abe Y, Inanami O, Kuwabara M, Kashiwakura I. The effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the proliferation and differentiation of human megakaryocytic progenitor cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2006; 47:213-20. [PMID: 16819147 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.47.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg) has been widely recognized as a powerful antioxidant and free radical scavenger. The effects of EGCg on the proliferation and differentiation of X-irradiated megakaryocytic progenitor cells (colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte, CFU-Meg) using CD34+ cells prepared from human placental and umbilical cord blood have been shown. In the absence of exogenous thrombopoietin (TPO), no colonies are observed in cultures containing or lacking EGCg (1 nM-100 microM). In the presence of TPO, in contrast, EGCg significantly promotes CFU-Meg-derived colony formations within the 10-100-nM range. A 1.5-fold increase in the total number of CFU-Meg has been counted compared with the control. These favorable effects of EGCg are also observed in the culture of CD34+ cells before and after X irradiation with 2 Gy. Moreover, in order to investigate the function of EGCg promoting megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis in ex vivo cultures, both non-irradiated and X-irradiated CD34+ cells are grown in liquid cultures supplemented with TPO. In both cultures, EGCg increases the total number of cells and megakaryocytes. It has been suggested that the favorable effects of EGCg reduce the risk factor from radiation damage in megakaryocytopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Monzen
- Laboratory of Radiological Technology, Hirosaki University School of Health Sciences, Japan
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93
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94
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Banerjee S. Inhibition of mackerel (Scomber scombrus) muscle lipoxygenase by green tea polyphenols. Food Res Int 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2005.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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95
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Abstract
Tea has been found to possess widespread biological functions based on a variety of laboratory data. The effects of tea on obesity and diabetes have received increasing attention. This paper reviews the evidence for the connections among tea catechins, and obesity and diabetes. Tea catechins, especially (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), appear to have antiobesity and antidiabetic effects. While few epidemiological and clinical studies show the health benefits of EGCG on obesity and diabetes, the mechanisms of its actions are emerging based on the various laboratory data. These mechanisms may be related to certain pathways, such as through the modulations of energy balance, endocrine systems, food intake, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, the redox status, and activities of different types of cells (i. e., fat, liver, muscle, and beta-pancreatic cells). Because the EGCG receptor, the so-called 67-kDa laminin receptor (LR), has been discovered with colocalization of other types of LR and cytoskeleton in both cancer cells and normal cells, this may explain that EGCG possesses numerous actions. The mechanistic results of this review may possibly be utilized in the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and other related diseases using tea- and EGCG-based folk medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Hsi Kao
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, National Central University, Chung-Li City, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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96
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Lin JK, Lin-Shiau SY. Mechanisms of hypolipidemic and anti-obesity effects of tea and tea polyphenols. Mol Nutr Food Res 2006; 50:211-7. [PMID: 16404708 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200500138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Among the health-promoting effects of tea and tea polyphenols, the cancer-chemopreventive effects in various animal model systems have been intensively investigated; meanwhile, the hypolipidemic and antiobesity effects in animals and humans have also become a hot issue for molecular nutrition and food research. It has been demonstrated that the body weights of rats and their plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol have been significantly reduced by feedings of oolong, black, pu-erh, and green tea leaves to the animals. It has been suggested that the inhibition of growth and suppression of lipogenesis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells may be through down-regulation of fatty acid synthase gene expression in the nucleus and stimulation of cell energy expenditure in the mitochondria. The experimental data indicated that the molecular mechanisms of fatty acid synthase gene suppression by tea polyphenols (EGCG, theaflavins) may invite down-regulation of EGFR/PI3K/Akt/Sp-1 signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Kun Lin
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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97
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Dawidowicz AL, Wianowska D, Baraniak B. The antioxidant properties of alcoholic extracts from Sambucus nigra L. (antioxidant properties of extracts). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2005.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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98
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Gramza A, Khokhar S, Yoko S, Gliszczynska-Swiglo A, Hes M, Korczak J. Antioxidant activity of tea extracts in lipids and correlation with polyphenol content. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200500330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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99
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Maity S, . AU, . JV, . PD. Biodistribution and Pharmacokinetics of Theaflavin-3,3`-Digallate, the Major Antioxidant of Black Tea, in Mice. INT J PHARMACOL 2006. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2006.240.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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100
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Hisamura F, Kojima-Yuasa A, Kennedy DO, Matsui-Yuasa I. Protective Effect of Green Tea Extract and Tea Polyphenols against FK506-Induced Cytotoxicity in Renal Cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2006; 98:192-6. [PMID: 16445594 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The nephrotoxicity induced by the immunosuppressive drug FK506 (tacrolimus or fujimycin), limits its usefulness in widespread application, and the underlying mechanism has not been completely understood. The primary targets of FK506 in the kidney are the proximal tubular epithelial cells. In this study, the protection of green tea extract against FK506-induced cell death of LLC-PK1 cells was investigated. FK506 caused a significant decrease in survival of the cells, but the addition of green tea extract reduced this effect in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of the cells with 50 microM (41.1 microg/ml) FK506 induced a significant increase in annexin V-positive/propidium iodide-negative cells from 2.68 to 14.5%, whereas the addition of 6.25, 12.5, and 25 microg/ml of green tea extract caused a significant protective effect in apoptotic cells from 14.5 to 6.51, 3.20 and 3.02%, respectively. The effect of five different constituent tea polyphenols was also examined. Epigallocatechin-gallate and epigallocatechin significantly reduced FK506-induced cytotoxicity but epicatechin and catechin had no effect on cell viability. Furthermore, changes in cytochrome c release and caspase activation, which characterize apoptosis, were studied. Epigallocatechin-gallate and epigallocatechin suppressed a significant release of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3 in FK506-treated LLC-PK1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumie Hisamura
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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