51
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Malatesta M, Costanzo M, Cisterna B, Zancanaro C. Satellite Cells in Skeletal Muscle of the Hibernating Dormouse, a Natural Model of Quiescence and Re-Activation: Focus on the Cell Nucleus. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041050. [PMID: 32340154 PMCID: PMC7226265 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells (SCs) participate in skeletal muscle plasticity/regeneration. Activation of SCs implies that nuclear changes underpin a new functional status. In hibernating mammals, periods of reduced metabolic activity alternate with arousals and resumption of bodily functions, thereby leading to repeated cell deactivation and reactivation. In hibernation, muscle fibers are preserved despite long periods of immobilization. The structural and functional characteristics of SC nuclei during hibernation have not been investigated yet. Using ultrastructural and immunocytochemical analysis, we found that the SCs of the hibernating edible dormouse, Glis glis, did not show apoptosis or necrosis. Moreover, their nuclei were typical of quiescent cells, showing similar amounts and distributions of heterochromatin, pre-mRNA transcription and processing factors, as well as paired box protein 7 (Pax7) and the myogenic differentiation transcription factor D (MyoD), as in euthermia. However, the finding of accumulated perichromatin granules (i.e., sites of storage/transport of spliced pre-mRNA) in SC nuclei of hibernating dormice suggested slowing down of the nucleus-to-cytoplasm transport. We conclude that during hibernation, SC nuclei maintain similar transcription and splicing activity as in euthermia, indicating an unmodified status during immobilization and hypometabolism. Skeletal muscle preservation during hibernation is presumably not due to SC activation, but rather to the maintenance of some functional activity in myofibers that is able to counteract muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Malatesta
- Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8 I-37134 Verona, Italy; (M.M.); (M.C.); (C.Z.)
| | - Manuela Costanzo
- Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8 I-37134 Verona, Italy; (M.M.); (M.C.); (C.Z.)
| | - Barbara Cisterna
- Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8 I-37134 Verona, Italy; (M.M.); (M.C.); (C.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Carlo Zancanaro
- Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8 I-37134 Verona, Italy; (M.M.); (M.C.); (C.Z.)
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52
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Taye N, Stanley S, Hubmacher D. Stable Knockdown of Genes Encoding Extracellular Matrix Proteins in the C2C12 Myoblast Cell Line Using Small-Hairpin (sh)RNA. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32116296 DOI: 10.3791/60824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are crucial for skeletal muscle development and homeostasis. The stable knockdown of genes coding for ECM proteins in C2C12 myoblasts can be applied to study the role of these proteins in skeletal muscle development. Here, we describe a protocol to deplete the ECM protein ADAMTSL2 as an example, using small-hairpin (sh) RNA in C2C12 cells. Following transfection of shRNA plasmids, stable cells were batch-selected using puromycin. We further describe the maintenance of these cell lines and the phenotypic analysis via mRNA expression, protein expression, and C2C12 differentiation. The advantages of the method are the relatively fast generation of stable C2C12 knockdown cells and the reliable differentiation of C2C12 cells into multinucleated myotubes upon depletion of serum in the cell culture medium. Differentiation of C2C12 cells can be monitored by bright field microscopy and by measuring the expression levels of canonical marker genes, such as MyoD, myogenin, or myosin heavy chain (MyHC) indicating the progression of C2C12 myoblast differentiation into myotubes. In contrast to the transient knockdown of genes with small-interfering (si) RNA, genes that are expressed later during C2C12 differentiation or during myotube maturation can be targeted more efficiently by generating C2C12 cells that stably express shRNA. Limitations of the method are a variability in the knockdown efficiencies, depending on the specific shRNA that may be overcome by using gene knockout strategies based on CRISPR/Cas9, as well as potential off-target effects of the shRNA that should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandaraj Taye
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Sarah Stanley
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Dirk Hubmacher
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai;
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53
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Abstract
The transition between proliferating and quiescent states must be carefully regulated to ensure that cells divide to create the cells an organism needs only at the appropriate time and place. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are critical for both transitioning cells from one cell cycle state to the next, and for regulating whether cells are proliferating or quiescent. CDKs are regulated by association with cognate cyclins, activating and inhibitory phosphorylation events, and proteins that bind to them and inhibit their activity. The substrates of these kinases, including the retinoblastoma protein, enforce the changes in cell cycle status. Single cell analysis has clarified that competition among factors that activate and inhibit CDK activity leads to the cell's decision to enter the cell cycle, a decision the cell makes before S phase. Signaling pathways that control the activity of CDKs regulate the transition between quiescence and proliferation in stem cells, including stem cells that generate muscle and neurons. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:317-344, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary A Coller
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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54
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Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P)/ S1P Receptor Signaling and Mechanotransduction: Implications for Intrinsic Tissue Repair/Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225545. [PMID: 31703256 PMCID: PMC6888058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage, irrespective from the underlying etiology, destroys tissue structure and, eventually, function. In attempt to achieve a morpho-functional recover of the damaged tissue, reparative/regenerative processes start in those tissues endowed with regenerative potential, mainly mediated by activated resident stem cells. These cells reside in a specialized niche that includes different components, cells and surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM), which, reciprocally interacting with stem cells, direct their cell behavior. Evidence suggests that ECM stiffness represents an instructive signal for the activation of stem cells sensing it by various mechanosensors, able to transduce mechanical cues into gene/protein expression responses. The actin cytoskeleton network dynamic acts as key mechanotransducer of ECM signal. The identification of signaling pathways influencing stem cell mechanobiology may offer therapeutic perspectives in the regenerative medicine field. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)/S1P receptor (S1PR) signaling, acting as modulator of ECM, ECM-cytoskeleton linking proteins and cytoskeleton dynamics appears a promising candidate. This review focuses on the current knowledge on the contribution of S1P/S1PR signaling in the control of mechanotransduction in stem/progenitor cells. The potential contribution of S1P/S1PR signaling in the mechanobiology of skeletal muscle stem cells will be argued based on the intriguing findings on S1P/S1PR action in this mechanically dynamic tissue.
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55
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Kann AP, Krauss RS. Multiplexed RNAscope and immunofluorescence on whole-mount skeletal myofibers and their associated stem cells. Development 2019; 146:dev.179259. [PMID: 31519691 DOI: 10.1242/dev.179259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle myofibers are large syncytial cells comprising hundreds of myonuclei, and in situ hybridization experiments have reported a range of transcript localization patterns within them. Although some transcripts are uniformly distributed throughout myofibers, proximity to specialized regions can affect the programming of myonuclei and functional compartmentalization of transcripts. Established techniques are limited by a lack of both sensitivity and spatial resolution, restricting the ability to identify different patterns of gene expression. In this study, we adapted RNAscope fluorescent in situ hybridization technology for use on whole-mount mouse primary myofibers, a preparation that isolates single myofibers with their associated muscle stem cells remaining in their niche. This method can be combined with immunofluorescence, enabling an unparalleled ability to visualize and quantify transcripts and proteins across the length and depth of skeletal myofibers and their associated stem cells. Using this approach, we demonstrate a range of potential uses, including the visualization of specialized transcriptional programming within myofibers, tracking activation-induced transcriptional changes, quantification of stem cell heterogeneity and evaluation of stem cell niche factor transcription patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison P Kann
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert S Krauss
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA .,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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56
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Non-Coding RNA Regulates the Myogenesis of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells, Injury Repair and Diseases. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090988. [PMID: 31461973 PMCID: PMC6769629 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle myogenesis and injury-induced muscle regeneration contribute to muscle formation and maintenance. As myogenic stem cells, skeletal muscle satellite cells have the ability to proliferate, differentiate and self-renew, and are involved in muscle formation and muscle injury repair. Accumulating evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are widely involved in the regulation of gene expression during skeletal muscle myogenesis, and their abnormal expression is associated with a variety of muscle diseases. From the perspective of the molecular mechanism and mode of action of ncRNAs in myogenesis, this review aims to summarize the role of ncRNAs in skeletal muscle satellite cells’ myogenic differentiation and in muscle disease, and systematically analyze the mechanism of ncRNAs in skeletal muscle development. This work will systematically summarize the role of ncRNAs in myogenesis and provide reference targets for the treatment of various muscle diseases, such as muscle dystrophy, atrophy and aberrant hypertrophy.
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57
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Schmidt M, Schüler SC, Hüttner SS, von Eyss B, von Maltzahn J. Adult stem cells at work: regenerating skeletal muscle. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2559-2570. [PMID: 30976839 PMCID: PMC6586695 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration is a finely tuned process involving the activation of various cellular and molecular processes. Satellite cells, the stem cells of skeletal muscle, are indispensable for skeletal muscle regeneration. Their functionality is critically modulated by intrinsic signaling pathways as well as by interactions with the stem cell niche. Here, we discuss the properties of satellite cells, including heterogeneity regarding gene expression and/or their phenotypic traits and the contribution of satellite cells to skeletal muscle regeneration. We also summarize the process of regeneration with a specific emphasis on signaling pathways, cytoskeletal rearrangements, the importance of miRNAs, and the contribution of non-satellite cells such as immune cells, fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells, and PW1-positive/Pax7-negative interstitial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Schmidt
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Svenja C Schüler
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sören S Hüttner
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Björn von Eyss
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia von Maltzahn
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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58
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Schaaf GJ, Canibano-Fraile R, van Gestel TJM, van der Ploeg AT, Pijnappel WWMP. Restoring the regenerative balance in neuromuscular disorders: satellite cell activation as therapeutic target in Pompe disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:280. [PMID: 31392192 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.04.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is capable of efficiently regenerating after damage in a process mediated by tissue-resident stem cells called satellite cells. This regenerative potential is often compromised under muscle-degenerative conditions. Consequently, the damage produced during degeneration is not efficiently repaired and the balance between repair and damage is lost. Here we review recent progress on the role of satellite cell-mediated repair in neuromuscular disorders with a focus on Pompe disease, an inherited metabolic myopathy caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid alpha glucosidase (GAA). Studies performed in patient biopsies as well as in Pompe disease mouse models demonstrate that muscle regeneration activity is compromised despite progressing muscle damage. We describe disease-specific mechanisms of satellite cell dysfunction to highlight the differences between Pompe disease and muscle dystrophies. The mechanisms involved provide possible targets for therapy, such as modulation of autophagy, muscle exercise, and pharmacological modulation of satellite cell activation. Most of these approaches are still experimental, although promising in animal models, still warrant caution with respect to their safety and efficiency profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerben J Schaaf
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo Canibano-Fraile
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom J M van Gestel
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ans T van der Ploeg
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W W M Pim Pijnappel
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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59
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Sala D, Cunningham TJ, Stec MJ, Etxaniz U, Nicoletti C, Dall'Agnese A, Puri PL, Duester G, Latella L, Sacco A. The Stat3-Fam3a axis promotes muscle stem cell myogenic lineage progression by inducing mitochondrial respiration. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1796. [PMID: 30996264 PMCID: PMC6470137 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is an active regulator of stem cell fate choices, and successful stem cell differentiation in different compartments requires the induction of oxidative phosphorylation. However, the mechanisms that promote mitochondrial respiration during stem cell differentiation are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that Stat3 promotes muscle stem cell myogenic lineage progression by stimulating mitochondrial respiration in mice. We identify Fam3a, a cytokine-like protein, as a major Stat3 downstream effector in muscle stem cells. We demonstrate that Fam3a is required for muscle stem cell commitment and skeletal muscle development. We show that myogenic cells secrete Fam3a, and exposure of Stat3-ablated muscle stem cells to recombinant Fam3a in vitro and in vivo rescues their defects in mitochondrial respiration and myogenic commitment. Together, these findings indicate that Fam3a is a Stat3-regulated secreted factor that promotes muscle stem cell oxidative metabolism and differentiation, and suggests that Fam3a is a potential tool to modulate cell fate choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sala
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Thomas J Cunningham
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Michael J Stec
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Usue Etxaniz
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Chiara Nicoletti
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alessandra Dall'Agnese
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Pier Lorenzo Puri
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, 00142, Italy
| | - Gregg Duester
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Lucia Latella
- IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, 00142, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sacco
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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60
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Novoseletskaya ES, Grigorieva OA, Efimenko AY, Kalinina NI. Extracellular Matrix in the Regulation of Stem Cell Differentiation. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:232-240. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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61
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Bentzinger CF. Best supporting actors. Science 2019; 363:1051. [PMID: 30846594 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw3613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Florian Bentzinger
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada.
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62
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Lukjanenko L, Karaz S, Stuelsatz P, Gurriaran-Rodriguez U, Michaud J, Dammone G, Sizzano F, Mashinchian O, Ancel S, Migliavacca E, Liot S, Jacot G, Metairon S, Raymond F, Descombes P, Palini A, Chazaud B, Rudnicki MA, Bentzinger CF, Feige JN. Aging Disrupts Muscle Stem Cell Function by Impairing Matricellular WISP1 Secretion from Fibro-Adipogenic Progenitors. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 24:433-446.e7. [PMID: 30686765 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Research on age-related regenerative failure of skeletal muscle has extensively focused on the phenotypes of muscle stem cells (MuSCs). In contrast, the impact of aging on regulatory cells in the MuSC niche remains largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that aging impairs the function of mouse fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) and thereby indirectly affects the myogenic potential of MuSCs. Using transcriptomic profiling, we identify WNT1 Inducible Signaling Pathway Protein 1 (WISP1) as a FAP-derived matricellular signal that is lost during aging. WISP1 is required for efficient muscle regeneration and controls the expansion and asymmetric commitment of MuSCs through Akt signaling. Transplantation of young FAPs or systemic treatment with WISP1 restores the myogenic capacity of MuSCs in aged mice and rescues skeletal muscle regeneration. Our work establishes that loss of WISP1 from FAPs contributes to MuSC dysfunction in aged skeletal muscles and demonstrates that this mechanism can be targeted to rejuvenate myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lukjanenko
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Karaz
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Stuelsatz
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Uxia Gurriaran-Rodriguez
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H8L6, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joris Michaud
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Dammone
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Federico Sizzano
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Omid Mashinchian
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Ancel
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sophie Liot
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS 5310, INSERM U1217, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Jacot
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Frederic Raymond
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Alessio Palini
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benedicte Chazaud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS 5310, INSERM U1217, Lyon, France
| | - Michael A Rudnicki
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H8L6, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - C Florian Bentzinger
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Département de pharmacologie et physiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jerome N Feige
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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63
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Perdiguero E, Moiseeva V, Muñoz-Cánoves P. Simultaneous Isolation of Stem and Niche Cells of Skeletal Muscle: Applicability for Aging Studies. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2045:13-23. [PMID: 30771188 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2019_210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of adult stem cells in their normal quiescent state depends on intrinsic factors and extrinsic signals originating from their microenvironment (also known as the stem cell niche). In skeletal muscle, its stem cells (satellite cells) lose their regenerative potential with aging, and this has been attributed, at least in part, to both age-associated changes in the satellite cells as in the niche cells, which include resident fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), macrophages, and endothelial cells, among others. To understand the regenerative decline of skeletal muscle with aging, there is a need for methods to specifically isolate stem and niche cells from resting muscle. Here we describe a fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) protocol to simultaneously isolate discrete populations of satellite cells and niche cells from skeletal muscle of aging mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eusebio Perdiguero
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Victoria Moiseeva
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.
- Spanish National Center on Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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64
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Jones FK, Hardman GE, Ferries S, Eyers CE, Pisconti A. Myoblast Phosphoproteomics as a Tool to Investigate Global Signaling Events During Myogenesis. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1889:301-317. [PMID: 30367422 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8897-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a universal covalent chemical modification of amino acids involved in a large number of biological processes including cell signaling, metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, survival/death, ageing, and many more. Regulation of protein phosphorylation is essential in myogenesis and indeed, when the enzymatic activity of protein kinases is distrupted in myoblasts, myogenesis is affected. In this chapter we describe a method to profile the phosphoproteome of myoblasts using mass spectrometry. Phosphate groups are labile and easily lost during the processing of samples for mass spectrometry. Thus, effective methods to enrich for phosphopeptides from protein extracts have been developed. Here, we discuss and present in detail two such methods that we routinely employ. These methods are based on a sample enrichment step performed on titanium dioxide matrices followed by label-free tandem mass spectrometry and semi-quantitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona K Jones
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gemma E Hardman
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Samantha Ferries
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Claire E Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Addolorata Pisconti
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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65
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Identity Noise and Adipogenic Traits Characterize Dermal Fibroblast Aging. Cell 2018; 175:1575-1590.e22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Prüller J, Mannhardt I, Eschenhagen T, Zammit PS, Figeac N. Satellite cells delivered in their niche efficiently generate functional myotubes in three-dimensional cell culture. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202574. [PMID: 30222770 PMCID: PMC6141091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biophysical/biochemical cues from the environment contribute to regulation of the regenerative capacity of resident skeletal muscle stem cells called satellites cells. This can be observed in vitro, where muscle cell behaviour is influenced by the particular culture substrates and whether culture is performed in a 2D or 3D environment, with changes including morphology, nuclear shape and cytoskeletal organization. To create a 3D skeletal muscle model we compared collagen I, Fibrin or PEG-Fibrinogen with different sources of murine and human myogenic cells. To generate tension in the 3D scaffold, biomaterials were polymerised between two flexible silicone posts to mimic tendons. This 3D culture system has multiple advantages including being simple, fast to set up and inexpensive, so providing an accessible tool to investigate myogenesis in a 3D environment. Immortalised human and murine myoblast lines, and primary murine satellite cells showed varying degrees of myogenic differentiation when cultured in these biomaterials, with C2 myoblasts in particular forming large multinucleated myotubes in collagen I or Fibrin. However, murine satellite cells retained in their niche on a muscle fibre and embedded in 3D collagen I or Fibrin gels generated aligned, multinucleated and contractile myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Prüller
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, England
| | - Ingra Mannhardt
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter S Zammit
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, England
| | - Nicolas Figeac
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, England
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67
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Perandini LA, Chimin P, Lutkemeyer DDS, Câmara NOS. Chronic inflammation in skeletal muscle impairs satellite cells function during regeneration: can physical exercise restore the satellite cell niche? FEBS J 2018; 285:1973-1984. [PMID: 29473995 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation impairs skeletal muscle regeneration. Although many cells are involved in chronic inflammation, macrophages seem to play an important role in impaired muscle regeneration since these cells are associated with skeletal muscle stem cell (namely, satellite cells) activation and fibro-adipogenic progenitor cell (FAP) survival. Specifically, an imbalance of M1 and M2 macrophages seems to lead to impaired satellite cell activation, and these are the main cells that function during skeletal muscle regeneration, after muscle damage. Additionally, this imbalance leads to the accumulation of FAPs in skeletal muscle, with aberrant production of pro-fibrotic factors (e.g., extracellular matrix components), impairing the niche for proper satellite cell activation and differentiation. Treatments aiming to block the inflammatory pro-fibrotic response are partially effective due to their side effects. Therefore, strategies reverting chronic inflammation into a pro-regenerative pattern are required. In this review, we first describe skeletal muscle resident macrophage ontogeny and homeostasis, and explain how macrophages are replenished after muscle injury. We next discuss the potential role of chronic physical activity and exercise in restoring the M1 and M2 macrophage balance and consequently, the satellite cell niche to improve skeletal muscle regeneration after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Augusto Perandini
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Chimin
- Department of Physical Education, Physical Education and Sports Center, Londrina State University, Brazil
| | - Diego da Silva Lutkemeyer
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
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