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Ceyhan E, Mammadov E, Onder SC, Dogan HS, Tekgul S. Fish: A Promising Screening Tool for Malignancy After Augmentation Cystoplasty? J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59:725-730. [PMID: 38065750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignancy after augmentation cystoplasty (AC) is reported up to 5.5 %. We assessed the use of urine fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) screening for bladder malignancy after AC. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, 36/98 patients under follow-up who have completed tenth year after ileal AC were included prospectively. Twenty-four (66.7 %) patients were tested with FISH initially and overall 28 (77.8 %) patients with conventional cytology (CC). Twenty-four (66.7 %) patients with FISH analysis also had cytology analysis. Blinded from the cytology results, 32 (88.9 %) patients who were consented underwent cystoscopy with random biopsy (native bladder, ileal segment, ileovesical junction). Two patients those were tested with FISH did not consented cystoscopy. This study was registred to the government registry (No: 71146310). RESULTS Mean follow-up time after AC was 15.4 ± 4.8 years. 2/32 (5.6 %) patients were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma in cyctoscopic biopsy. FISH analysis of 3/24 (12.5 %) patients demonstrated abnormal findings consistent with malignancy. Two FISH malignant patients were patients who had adenocarcinoma. The third patient's biopsy was benign and the third year control cystoscopy was normal. 2/4 patients with malignant CC had adenocarcinoma and 2/4 patients had benign biopsy. The sensitivity and specificity of FISH in our series were 100 % and 95 % respectively. Whereas the sensitivity and specificity of CC was 100 % and 91.6 % respectively. CONCLUSION Despite limited number of patients in this study, FISH showed higher specificity than CC in this series. FISH is a promising tool for malignancy screening after AC. TYPE OF STUDY Diagnostic Studies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erman Ceyhan
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Emin Mammadov
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevgen Celik Onder
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Serkan Dogan
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Division of Pediatric Urology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serdar Tekgul
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Division of Pediatric Urology, Ankara, Turkey
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Fiche JB, Schaeffer M, Houbron C, Elkhoury Youhanna C, Messina O, Barho F, Nollmann M. Hi-M: A Multiplex Oligopaint FISH Method to Capture Chromatin Conformations In Situ and Accompanying Open-Source Acquisition Software. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2784:227-257. [PMID: 38502490 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3766-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The simultaneous observation of three-dimensional (3D) chromatin structure and transcription in single cells is critical to understand how DNA is organized inside cells and how this organization influences or is affected by other processes, such as transcription. We have recently introduced an innovative technology known as Hi-M, which enables the sequential tagging, 3D visualization, and precise localization of multiple genomic DNA regions alongside RNA expression within individual cells. In this chapter, we present a comprehensive guide outlining the creation of probes, as well as sample preparation and labeling. Finally, we provide a step-by-step guide to conduct a complete Hi-M acquisition using our open-source software package, Qudi-HiM, which controls the robotic microscope handling the entire acquisition procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Bernard Fiche
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Univ Montpellier, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Schaeffer
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Univ Montpellier, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Houbron
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Univ Montpellier, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Olivier Messina
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Univ Montpellier, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Montpellier, France
| | - Franziska Barho
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Univ Montpellier, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Montpellier, France
| | - Marcelo Nollmann
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, Univ Montpellier, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Montpellier, France.
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Gadkari M, Sun J, Carcamo A, Fraser I, Franco LM, Pegoraro G. hcHCR: High-Throughput Single-Cell Imaging of RNA in Human Primary Immune Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2784:113-132. [PMID: 38502482 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3766-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Functional genomics and chemical screens can identify and characterize novel cellular factors regulating signaling networks and chemical tools to modulate their function for the treatment of disease. Screening methods have relied primarily on immortalized and/or transformed cancer cell lines, which can limit the generalization of results to more physiologically relevant systems. Most have also relied on immunofluorescence, or on stably expressed recombinant fluorescent proteins, to detect specific protein markers using high-content imaging readouts. In comparison, high-throughput methods to visualize and measure RNA species have been less explored. To address this, we have adapted an isothermal signal amplification chemistry for RNA FISH known as hybridization chain reaction (HCR) to an automated, high-content imaging assay format. We present a detailed protocol for this technique, which we have named high-content HCR (hcHCR). The protocol focuses on the measurement of changes in mRNA abundance at the single-cell level in human primary cells, but it can be applied to a variety of primary cell types and perturbing agents. We anticipate that hcHCR will be most suitable for low- to medium-throughput screening experiments in which changes in transcript abundance are the desired output measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Gadkari
- Functional Immunogenomics Section, NIAMS/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adrian Carcamo
- High-Throughput Imaging Facility (HiTIF), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Iain Fraser
- Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luis M Franco
- Functional Immunogenomics Section, NIAMS/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Gianluca Pegoraro
- High-Throughput Imaging Facility (HiTIF), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Dionisio JF, Pezenti LF, de Souza RF, Sosa-Gómez DR, da Rosa R. Annotation of transposable elements in the transcriptome of the Neotropical brown stink bug Euschistus heros and its chromosomal distribution. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:1377-1388. [PMID: 37646857 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences capable of moving within the genome. Their distribution is very dynamic among organisms, and despite advances, there are still gaps in the understanding of the diversity and evolution of TEs in many insect species. In the case of Euschistus heros, considered the main stink bug in the soybean crop in Brazil, little is known about the participation of these elements. Therefore, the objective of the current work was to identify the different groups of transposable elements present in the E. heros transcriptome, evidencing their chromosomal distribution. Through RNA-Seq and de novo assembly, 60,009 transcripts were obtained, which were annotated locally via Blastn against specific databases. Of the 367 transcripts identified as TEs, 202 belong to Class II, with emphasis on the TIR order. Among Class I elements or retrotransposons, most were characterized as LINE. Phylogenetic analyses were performed with the protein domains, evidencing differences between Tc1-mariner sequences, which may be related to possible horizontal transfer events. The transposable elements that stood out in the transcriptome were selected for fluorescent in situ hybridization. DNA transposon probes hAT, Helitron, and Tc1-mariner showed mostly scattered signals, with the presence of some blocks. Retrotransposon probes Copia, Gypsy, Jockey, and RTE showed a more pulverized hybridization pattern, with the presence of small interstitial and/or terminal blocks. Studies like this one, integrating functional genomics and molecular cytogenetic tools, are essential to expanding knowledge about transcriptionally active mobile elements, and their behavior in the chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Fernanda Dionisio
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Entomologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 350, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal: 10.011, Londrina, PR, CEP:86.057-970, Brazil
| | - Larissa Forim Pezenti
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Entomologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 350, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal: 10.011, Londrina, PR, CEP:86.057-970, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Caixa Postal: 10.011, Londrina, PR, CEP:86.057-970, Brazil
| | - Rogério Fernandes de Souza
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Caixa Postal: 10.011, Londrina, PR, CEP:86.057-970, Brazil
| | - Daniel Ricardo Sosa-Gómez
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária/Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Soja (Embrapa Soja), Caixa Postal: 4006, Londrina, PR, CEP: 86085-981, Brazil
| | - Renata da Rosa
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Entomologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 350, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal: 10.011, Londrina, PR, CEP:86.057-970, Brazil.
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Gulanicz T, Zienkiewicz A, Zienkiewicz K, Kasprowicz-Maluski A, Szweykowska-Kulinska Z, Jarmolowski A. Fluorescence in situ Localization of Pri-miRNAs in Isolated Arabidopsis thaliana Nuclei. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4824. [PMID: 37753471 PMCID: PMC10518776 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present an approach combining fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunolabeling for localization of pri-miRNAs in isolated nuclei of A. thaliana. The presented method utilizes specific DNA oligonucleotide probes, modified by addition of digoxigenin-labeled deoxynucleotides to its 3' hydroxyl terminus by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). The probes are then detected by immunolabeling of digoxigenin (DIG) using specific fluorescent-labeled antibodies to visualize hybridized probes. Recently, we have applied this method to localize pri-miRNA156a, pri-miRNA163, pri-miRNA393a, and pri-miRNA414 in the nuclei isolated from leaves of 4-week-old A. thaliana. The present approach can be easily implemented to analyze nuclear distribution of diverse RNA classes, including mRNAs and pri-miRNAs in isolated fixed cells or nuclei from plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Gulanicz
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zienkiewicz
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Anna Kasprowicz-Maluski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Zofia Szweykowska-Kulinska
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Artur Jarmolowski
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
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Ray D, Sharma P, Jain A, Sreedharanunni S. Amplification of the BCR::ABL1 Fusion Gene: A Rare Phenomenon in B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Turk J Haematol 2023; 40:204-205. [PMID: 37649438 PMCID: PMC10476253 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2023.2023.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Debadrita Ray
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Department of Hematopathology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Department of Hematopathology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arihant Jain
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Department of Clinical Hematology and Medical Oncology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sreejesh Sreedharanunni
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Department of Hematopathology, Chandigarh, India
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González-Arreola RM, García-Romero A, Magaña-Torres MT, González-García JR. A novel approach for direct detection of the IGH::CRLF2 gene fusion by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Mol Cytogenet 2023; 16:19. [PMID: 37574565 PMCID: PMC10423412 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-023-00652-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High expression of the Cytokine Receptor-Like Factor 2 (CRLF2) gene has been observed in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia BCR-ABL1-like subtype. Currently, there is no commercial system available for the direct detection of the IGH::CRLF2 fusion by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), as there are for many other leukemia-related gene fusions. In an effort to verify the IGH::CRLF2 fusion, some researchers prepare home-grown FISH probes from bacterial artificial chromosome clones flanking the IGH and CRLF2 genes, which is the best alternative to confirm the fusion, however difficult to reproduce in most cytogenetic laboratories. RESULTS For the direct observation of the IGH::CRLF2 gene fusion we designed a methodological approach requiring the two commercially available IGH and CRLF2 break-apart probes. CONCLUSIONS Our methodological approach allows direct visualization of the IGH::CRLF2 gene fusion and has the potential to be used for identification of other gene fusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa María González-Arreola
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, CIBO-IMSS, Sierra Mojada #800, Colonia Independencia, CP 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
| | - Adriana García-Romero
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, CIBO-IMSS, Sierra Mojada #800, Colonia Independencia, CP 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
| | - María Teresa Magaña-Torres
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, CIBO-IMSS, Sierra Mojada #800, Colonia Independencia, CP 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
| | - Juan Ramón González-García
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, CIBO-IMSS, Sierra Mojada #800, Colonia Independencia, CP 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
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Turco A, Albano A, Medagli P, Wagensommer RP, D’Emerico S. Comparative Cytogenetic of the 36-Chromosomes Genera of Orchidinae Subtribe (Orchidaceae) in the Mediterranean Region: A Summary and New Data. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2798. [PMID: 37570952 PMCID: PMC10421308 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a summary of the current knowledge on the cytogenetics of four genera, which are all composed of 36 chromosomes, within the Orchidinae subtribe (Orchidaceae). Previous classical studies have revealed differences in karyomorphology among these genera, indicating genomic diversity. The current study includes an analysis of the current knowledge with an update of the karyotype of 47 species with 36 chromosomes from the genera Anacamptis, Serapias, Himantoglossum, and Ophrys. The study discusses comparisons of karyotypes among these genera that used traditional techniques as well as karyotype asymmetry relationships with various asymmetry indices. Additionally, the study reports new findings on polyploidy in Anacamptis pyramidalis and Serapias lingua, which were observed through karyotype and meiotic metaphase analyses in EMC. Moreover, the study detected B chromosomes for the first time in A. papilionacea and A. palustris. The article also describes the use of fluorescent in situ hybridization in some specimens of A. papilionacea and A. collina to locate different sites of the 18S-5.8S-25S rDNA and 5S rDNA ribosomal complexes on chromosomes. The information derived from these cytogenetic analyses was used to refine the classification of these orchids and identify evolutionary relationships among different species and genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Turco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of the Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.T.); (A.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Antonella Albano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of the Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.T.); (A.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Pietro Medagli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of the Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (A.T.); (A.A.); (P.M.)
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Ramos Elbal E, Fuster JL, Campillo JA, Galera AM, Cortés MB, Llinares ME, Jiménez I, Plaza M, Banaclocha HM, Galián JA, Blanquer Blanquer M, Martínez Sánchez MV, Muro M, Minguela A. Measurable residual disease study through three different methods can anticipate relapse and guide pre-emptive therapy in childhood acute myeloid leukemia. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:1446-1454. [PMID: 36598635 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-03042-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although outcomes of children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have improved over the last decades, around one-third of patients relapse. Measurable (or minimal) residual disease (MRD) monitoring may guide therapy adjustments or pre-emptive treatments before overt hematological relapse. METHODS In this study, we review 297 bone marrow samples from 20 real-life pediatric AML patients using three MRD monitoring methods: multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC), fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Patients showed a 3-year overall survival of 73% and a 3-year event-free survival of 68%. Global relapse rate was of 25%. All relapses were preceded by the reappearance of MRD detection by: (1) MFC (p = 0.001), (2) PCR and/or FISH in patients with an identifiable chromosomal translocation (p = 0.03) and/or (3) one log increase of Wilms tumor gene 1 (WT1) expression in two consecutive samples (p = 0.02). The median times from MRD detection to relapse were 26, 111, and 140 days for MFC, specific PCR and FISH, and a one log increment of WT1, respectively. CONCLUSIONS MFC, FISH and PCR are complementary methods that can anticipate relapse of childhood AML by weeks to several months. However, in our series, pre-emptive therapies were not able to prevent disease progression. Therefore, more sensitive MRD monitoring methods that further anticipate relapse and more effective pre-emptive therapies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Ramos Elbal
- Pediatric Oncohematology Department, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia Pascual Parrilla (IMIB), 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Luis Fuster
- Pediatric Oncohematology Department, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia Pascual Parrilla (IMIB), 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Antonio Campillo
- Immunology Service, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia Pascual Parrilla (IMIB), 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana María Galera
- Pediatric Oncohematology Department, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia Pascual Parrilla (IMIB), 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mar Bermúdez Cortés
- Pediatric Oncohematology Department, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia Pascual Parrilla (IMIB), 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Esther Llinares
- Pediatric Oncohematology Department, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia Pascual Parrilla (IMIB), 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Irene Jiménez
- Pediatric Oncohematology Department, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia Pascual Parrilla (IMIB), 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Plaza
- Pediatric Oncohematology Department, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia Pascual Parrilla (IMIB), 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Helios Martínez Banaclocha
- Immunology Service, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia Pascual Parrilla (IMIB), 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Antonio Galián
- Immunology Service, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia Pascual Parrilla (IMIB), 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanquer Blanquer
- Haematology Service, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia Pascual Parrilla (IMIB), 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Victoria Martínez Sánchez
- Immunology Service, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia Pascual Parrilla (IMIB), 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Muro
- Immunology Service, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia Pascual Parrilla (IMIB), 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Minguela
- Immunology Service, Clinic University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia Pascual Parrilla (IMIB), 30120, Murcia, Spain.
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Schwarzacher T, Liu Q, Pat Heslop-Harrison JS. Plant Cytogenetics: From Chromosomes to Cytogenomics. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2672:3-21. [PMID: 37335467 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3226-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomes have been studied since the late nineteenth century in the disciplines of cytology and cytogenetics. Analyzing their numbers, features, and dynamics has been tightly linked to the technical development of preparation methods, microscopes, and chemicals to stain them, with latest continuing developments described in this volume. At the end of the twentieth and beginning of the twenty-first centuries, DNA technology, genome sequencing, and bioinformatics have revolutionized how we see, use, and analyze chromosomes. The advent of in situ hybridization has shaped our understanding of genome organization and behavior by linking molecular sequence information with the physical location along chromosomes and genomes. Microscopy is the best technique to accurately determine chromosome number. Many features of chromosomes in interphase nuclei or pairing and disjunction at meiosis, involving physical movement of chromosomes, can only be studied by microscopy. In situ hybridization is the method of choice to characterize the abundance and chromosomal distribution of repetitive sequences that make up the majority of most plant genomes. These most variable components of a genome are found to be species- and occasionally chromosome-specific and give information about evolution and phylogeny. Multicolor fluorescence hybridization and large pools of BAC or synthetic probes can paint chromosomes and we can follow them through evolution involving hybridization, polyploidization, and rearrangements, important at a time when structural variations in the genome are being increasingly recognized. This volume discusses many of the most recent developments in the field of plant cytogenetics and gives carefully compiled protocols and useful resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trude Schwarzacher
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - J S Pat Heslop-Harrison
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
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Maimaitiaili Y, Fukumura Y, Hirabayashi K, Kinowaki Y, Naito Y, Saito A, Rong L, Nakahodo J, Yao T. Investigation of -PRKACA/-PRKACB fusion genes in oncocytic tumors of the pancreatobiliary and other systems. Virchows Arch 2022; 481:865-876. [PMID: 36152045 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-022-03415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasms (IOPNs) of the pancreatobiliary system are tumors comprising oncocytic cells, in which three types of fusion genes involving -PRKACA/-PRKACB were recently identified. IOPNs infrequently combine with other histological subtypes of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) and intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct (IPNBs). This study aimed to confirm the sensitivity/specificity of the fusion genes for IOPNs and to examine their significance in other oncocytic lesions. An RT-PCR, followed by DNA sequencing, was undertaken to examine the fusions in 18 histologically diagnosed IOPNs, including four combined IOPNs. Moreover, in two IOPN cases, invasive carcinomatous lesions were separately examined on their fusion status. Oncocytic thyroidal (n = 10), renal (n = 10), and salivary gland (n = 3) lesions and IPMNs (n = 9)/IPNBs (n = 4) with focal oncocytic changes were examined as controls. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using PRKACA break-apart probes was conducted for the combined IOPN cases. Target sequencing of KRAS exon2/3 and GNAS exon 8/9 was performed for IOPN cases. Fusions were detected in all IOPN cases including invasive lesions/none of the control cases. The fusion event was confirmed also in non-IOPN component in one of the four combined cases. Regarding mutation events, 5.6%/0% of IOPNs were KRAS-mt/GNAS-mt, respectively, and both components of combined IOPNs were all KRAS-wt/GNAS-wt. In conclusion, our study confirmed the sensitivity and specificity of these fusions for IOPNs. Here, we analyzed the roles of these fusion genes in combined IOPNs, proposing the possibility of IOPN development via IPMNs/IPNBs. Further studies with more combined cases are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifare Maimaitiaili
- Department of Human Pathology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Fukumura
- Department of Human Pathology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Hirabayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuko Kinowaki
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Naito
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Lu Rong
- Department of Human Pathology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Nakahodo
- Department of Human Pathology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Disease Center Komagome Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yao
- Department of Human Pathology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Retzlaff CL, Rothwell PE. Characterization and mu opioid receptor sensitivity of neuropeptide Y interneurons in the mouse nucleus accumbens. Neuropharmacology 2022; 218:109212. [PMID: 35963449 PMCID: PMC10116437 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory interneurons represent less than 5% of neurons within the nucleus accumbens, but are critical for proper microcircuit function within this brain region. In the dorsal striatum, neuropeptide Y is expressed by two interneuron subtypes (low-threshold spiking interneurons and neurogliaform interneurons) that exhibit mu opioid receptor sensitivity in other brain regions. However, few studies have assessed the molecular and physiological properties of neuropeptide Y interneurons within the nucleus accumbens. We used a transgenic reporter mouse to identify and characterize neuropeptide Y interneurons in acute nucleus accumbens brain slices. Nearly all cells exhibited electrophysiological properties of low-threshold spiking interneurons, with almost no neurogliaform interneurons observed among neuropeptide Y interneurons. We corroborated this pattern using fluorescent in situ hybridization, and also identified a high level of mu opioid receptor expression by low-threshold spiking interneurons, which led us to examine the functional consequences of mu opioid receptor activation in these cells using electrophysiology. Mu opioid receptor activation caused a reduction in the rate of spontaneous action potentials in low-threshold spiking interneurons, as well as a decrease in optogenetically-evoked GABA release onto medium spiny neurons. The latter effect was more robust in female versus male mice, and when the postsynaptic medium spiny neuron expressed the Drd1 dopamine receptor. This work is the first to examine the physiological properties of neuropeptide Y interneurons in the nucleus accumbens, and show they may be an important target for mu opioid receptor modulation by endogenous and exogenous opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L Retzlaff
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Patrick E Rothwell
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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13
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Cooper JM, Samueli B, Mazor E, Kian W, Goldvaser H, Ben-Arie G. Molecularly Confirmed Female Donor-Transmitted Lobular Breast Cancer to Male following Renal Transplantation. Pathobiology 2022; 90:63-68. [PMID: 35500563 DOI: 10.1159/000524479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lobular breast cancer represents 10%-15% of breast cancers in women but is virtually nonexistent in men, related to the typical absence of the anatomic breast lobule structure in male breast tissue. We describe donor-transmitted metastatic lobular carcinoma to a male after kidney transplantation. Determining whether a post-transplant cancer is transplant associated, donor transmitted, or donor derived is significant for treatment, prognosis, and possibly management of other organ recipients. CASE REPORT A 74-year-old Caucasian male presented to the emergency department with lower abdominal pain and macro-hematuria. Past medical history included two renal transplantations. Computed tomography identified a 4-5-cm space-occupying lesion in the native left kidney. A left native nephrectomy was performed. Histology pathologic examination demonstrated lobular (as opposed to ductal) breast carcinoma. Fluorescent in situ hybridization probes to identify X- and Y-chromosomes showed tumor cells with an XX genotype, whereas the surrounding host cells were of XY genotype. These findings confirmed the female-sex origin (donor) of the tumor within the XY native male (current patient) tissues. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Due to discordance between the donor and recipient sex, fluorescent in situ hybridization as a molecular technique correctly identified the origin of an individual's cancer in the post-transplant setting. The metastatic breast cancer behaved more indolently than usually seen. Expanded criteria donors (ECD) are those who cannot donate under standard criteria for organ transplantation; expanded criteria widen the potential organ donor pool at the expense of increased risk for post-transplant complications (e.g., graft failure, the transmission of malignancy). The case provides a potential area of future research into considering allowing ECDs with a distant history of cancer with very low transmission risk when the biochemical environment of the recipient would, in the unlikely event of transmission, induce the tumor to pursue an indolent clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah M Cooper
- Medical School for International Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Benzion Samueli
- Medical School for International Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.,Department of Pathology, Soroka University Medical Center, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Elad Mazor
- Department of Urology, Soroka University Medical Center, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Waleed Kian
- The Oncology Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hadar Goldvaser
- The Oncology Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gal Ben-Arie
- Medical School for International Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.,Department of Radiology, Soroka University Medical Center, Be'er Sheva, Israel
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14
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Ochsner AR, Foss RD. Epithelioid and Spindle Cell Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Oral Mucosa with FUS Rearrangement. Head Neck Pathol 2022; 16:823-7. [PMID: 35353344 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The spectrum of rhabdomyosarcomas continues to expand beyond the more widely recognized embryonal and alveolar types as newer and novel subtypes are identified. These variants are typically classified on the basis of recurring mutations or translocations and frequently show distinctive clinical, morphologic and immunophenotypic features. A case of newly characterized FUS gene rearranged epithelioid and spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma presenting as an intra-oral mucosal lesion without evidence of an osseous component is described. The characteristic features of an FET-TFCP2 fusion rhabdomyosarcoma were present, including strong pancytokeratin expression. This uncommon and aggressive entity displays a predilection for head and neck sites and familiarity may help avoid diagnostic pitfalls.
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15
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Seyhanlı A, Yavuz B, Akşit Z, Yüce Z, Özkal S, Altungöz O, Demirkan F, Alacacıoğlu İ, Özsan GH. Assessment of Bone Marrow Biopsy and Cytogenetic Findings in Patients with Multiple Myeloma. Turk J Haematol 2021; 39:109-116. [PMID: 34823323 PMCID: PMC9160703 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2021.2021.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant condition that is characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells. Although MM remains incurable, the survival of MM patients has improved considerably due to applied autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), novel agents, and treatment strategies. This study aimed to determine the cytogenetic characterization and bone marrow features of Turkish patients with MM. Materials and Methods Eighty-five MM patients were admitted to the 9 Eylul University Hospital in Turkey. Bone marrow (BM) samples MM patients were subject to cytogenetic analyses on diagnosis and during therapy as part of therapeutical and clinical evaluation. A complete cytogenetic study was performed using the G-banding technique. The Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis was performed using cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (cIg)-FISH. The degree of bone marrow fibrosis was determined using the histochemical stain of reticulin. We determined the percentage of bone marrow plasma cells based on the extent of CD38 staining. Results Eighty-five MM patients were retrospectively identified between 2015 and 2021. The median age was 63 (38-90) years. Of the 85 patients, 60 (70.6%) were male, and 25 (29.4%) were female. Seventy-two (84.7%) cases had bone marrow fibrosis at the time of diagnosis. The most common was grade-2 fibrosis, recorded in 35 patients (41.2%). About 72.9% of the patients showed more than 50% plasma cells. The FISH analysis indicated the presence of abnormal chromosomes in 37% (32/85) of the patients. The most frequent abnormality was IGH translocation (21.3%). Conclusion Subgroup analysis of IGH mutations is crucial in the identification of high-risk MM patients. We believe that our study will contribute to the determination of bone marrow biopsy and cytogenetic features of MM patients in our country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Seyhanlı
- Sivas Numune Hospital, Department of Hematology, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Boran Yavuz
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Zehra Akşit
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Yüce
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sermin Özkal
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Altungöz
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Fatih Demirkan
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - İnci Alacacıoğlu
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Güner Hayri Özsan
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, İzmir, Turkey
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16
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Jaiswal SK, Kumar A, Rai AK. Molecular Cytogenetic Classification of Down Syndrome and Screening of Somatic Aneuploidy in Mothers. Cytogenet Genome Res 2021; 161:397-405. [PMID: 34753128 DOI: 10.1159/000519624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Down Syndrome (DS) caused by trisomy 21 results in various congenital and developmental complications in children. It is crucial to cytogenetically diagnose the DS cases early for their proper health management and to reduce the risk of further DS childbirths in mothers. In this study, we performed a cytogenetic analysis of 436 suspected DS cases using karyotyping and fluorescent in situ hybridization. We detected free trisomies (95.3%), robertsonian translocations (2.4%), isochromosomes (0.6%), and mosaics (1.2%). We observed a slightly higher incidence of DS childbirth in younger mothers compared to mothers with advanced age. We compared the somatic aneuploidy in peripheral blood of mothers having DS children (MDS) and control mothers (CM) to identify biomarkers for predicting the risk for DS childbirths. No significant difference was observed. After induced demethylation in peripheral blood cells, we did not observe a significant difference in the frequency of aneuploidy between MDS and CM. In conclusion, free trisomy 21 is the most common type of chromosomal abnormality in DS. A small number of DS cases have translocations and mosaicism of chromosome 21. Additionally, somatic aneuploidy in the peripheral blood from the mother is not an effective marker to predict DS childbirths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar Jaiswal
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Amit Kumar Rai
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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17
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Zaki NM, Schwarzacher T, Singh R, Madon M, Wischmeyer C, Hanim Mohd Nor N, Zulkifli MA, Heslop-Harrison JSP. Chromosome identification in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) using in situ hybridization with massive pools of single copy oligonucleotides and transferability across Arecaceae species. Chromosome Res 2021; 29:373-390. [PMID: 34657216 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-021-09675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome identification is essential for linking sequence and chromosomal maps, verifying sequence assemblies, showing structural variations and tracking inheritance or recombination of chromosomes and chromosomal segments during evolution and breeding programs. Unfortunately, identification of individual chromosomes and chromosome arms has been a major challenge for some economically important crop species with a near-continuous chromosome size range and similar morphology. Here, we developed oligonucleotide-based chromosome-specific probes that enabled us to establish a reference chromosome identification system for oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq., 2n = 32). Massive oligonucleotide sequence pools were anchored to individual chromosome arms using dual and triple fluorescent in situ hybridization (EgOligoFISH). Three fluorescently tagged probe libraries were developed to contain, in total 52,506 gene-rich single-copy 47-mer oligonucleotides spanning each 0.2-0.5 Mb across strategically placed chromosome regions. They generated 19 distinct FISH signals and together with rDNA probes enabled identification of all 32 E. guineensis chromosome arms. The probes were able to identify individual homoeologous chromosome regions in the related Arecaceae palm species: American oil palm (Elaeis oleifera), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) and coconut (Cocos nucifera) showing the comparative organization and concerted evolution of genomes in the Arecaceae. The oligonucleotide probes developed here provide a valuable approach to chromosome arm identification and allow tracking chromosome transfer in hybridization and breeding programs in oil palm, as well as comparative studies within Arecaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorhariza Mohd Zaki
- MPOB Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | | | - Rajinder Singh
- MPOB Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Nordiana Hanim Mohd Nor
- MPOB Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Azwan Zulkifli
- MPOB Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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18
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Kinowaki Y, Abe S, Abe S, Tomii S, Yukimori A, Akashi T, Tokunaga M, Kitagawa M. Synovial sarcoma of the stomach: a case report and a systematic review of literature. Clin J Gastroenterol 2021; 14:1020-1026. [PMID: 33844129 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-021-01408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, 5-10% of soft tissue sarcoma cases in adults have been attributed to synovial sarcoma. It is often reported to occur near the joints of the arm, neck, and leg but rarely in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we report a case of synovial sarcoma arising in the stomach of a 59-year-old woman. Gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed an ulcerative and hemorrhagic tumor with marginal elevation in the fundus. Histological study showed that the tumor was composed of tightly packed spindle cells in bundles, and one of its component demonstrated significant mitotic activity (> 40/10 high-power fields) in several areas. The diagnosis was confirmed by the evidence of SS18 gene rearrangement, according to immunohistochemistry study, (including a novel SS18-SSX fusion-specific antibody), fluorescent in situ hybridization, and the identification of the SS18-SSX1 and SS18-SSX1/2/4 fusion transcripts using reverse-transcript polymerase chain reaction. No evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis has been found in the more than 5 years since. Distinguishing synovial sarcoma in the digestive tract from other mesenchymal neoplasms, such as gastrointestinal stromal tumor, may be difficult, especially when spindle-shaped cell proliferation is predominant, as in our patient. Therefore, morphological, immunohistological, and molecular evaluations are important for a comprehensive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kinowaki
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Shiho Abe
- Department of Pathology, Soka Municipal Hospital, 2-21-1, Soka, Saitama, 340-8560, Japan
| | - Shinya Abe
- Epredia Pathology Business Department, PHC Corporation, 2-38-5 Nishishimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8433, Japan
| | - Shohei Tomii
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Akane Yukimori
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Science, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takumi Akashi
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Masanori Tokunaga
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45Bunkyo-ku, YushimaTokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kitagawa
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
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19
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Uguen A, Csanyi-Bastien M, Sabourin JC, Penault-Llorca F, Adam J. [How to test for NTRK gene fusions: A practical approach for pathologists]. Ann Pathol 2021; 41:387-398. [PMID: 33846022 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The recent availability of targeted anti-TRK therapies represents a new opportunity to treat patients with advanced cancers harboring NTRK gene fusions. In this article, we present an update on the practical modalities of implementing a "NTRK testing" to search for these fusions in view of the performances and availability of the different testing methods and the epidemiological characteristics of the tumors liable to present the NTRK1, NTRK2 or NTRK3 gene fusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Uguen
- Inserm, CHU de Brest, LBAI, UMR1227, Université Brest, 29200 Brest, France; Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, CHRU Brest, 29200 Brest, France.
| | | | | | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- Inserm U1240, département d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques, centre Jean-Perrin, université Clermont-Auvergne, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Adam
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, 75014 Paris, France
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20
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Maruki Y, Morizane C, Arai Y, Ikeda M, Ueno M, Ioka T, Naganuma A, Furukawa M, Mizuno N, Uwagawa T, Takahara N, Kanai M, Asagi A, Shimizu S, Miyamoto A, Yukisawa S, Kadokura M, Kojima Y, Furuse J, Nakajima TE, Sudo K, Kobayashi N, Hama N, Yamanaka T, Shibata T, Okusaka T. Molecular detection and clinicopathological characteristics of advanced/recurrent biliary tract carcinomas harboring the FGFR2 rearrangements: a prospective observational study (PRELUDE Study). J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:250-260. [PMID: 33106918 PMCID: PMC7932978 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-020-01735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) rearrangement is expected to be a novel therapeutic target in advanced/recurrent biliary tract cancer (BTC). However, efficient detection and the exact frequency of FGFR2 rearrangements among patients with advanced/recurrent BTC have not been determined, and the clinical characteristics of FGFR2 rearrangement-positive patients have not been fully elucidated. We aimed to determine the frequency of FGFR2 rearrangement-positive patients among those with advanced/recurrent BTC and elucidate their clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS Paraffin-embedded tumor samples from formalin-fixed surgical or biopsy specimens of patients with advanced/recurrent BTC were analyzed for positivity of FGFR2 rearrangement by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). RNA sequencing was performed on samples from all FISH-positive and part of FISH-negative patients. RESULTS A total of 445 patients were enrolled. FISH was performed on 423 patients (272 patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), 83 patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PCC), and 68 patients with other BTC). Twenty-one patients with ICC and four patients with PCC were diagnosed as FGFR2-FISH positive. Twenty-three of the 25 FISH-positive patients (20 ICC and 3 PCC) were recognized as FGFR2 rearrangement positive by targeted RNA sequencing. Younger age (≤ 65 years; p = 0.018) and HCV Ab- and/or HBs Ag-positivity (p = 0.037) were significantly associated with the presence of FGFR2 rearrangement (logistic regression). CONCLUSIONS FGFR2 rearrangement was identified in ICC and PCC patients, and was associated with younger age and history of hepatitis viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Maruki
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Chigusa Morizane
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Yasuhito Arai
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ikeda
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Makoto Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medical Oncology Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ioka
- Department of Oncology Center, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Naganuma
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masayuki Furukawa
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Mizuno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tadashi Uwagawa
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naminatsu Takahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Kanai
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akinori Asagi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Ehime, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyamoto
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seigo Yukisawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tochigi Cancer Center, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Makoto Kadokura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kofu Municipal Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Furuse
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Eguchi Nakajima
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St.Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
- Kyoto Innovation Center for Next Generation Clinical Trials and iPS Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sudo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Oncology Division, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Natsuko Hama
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeharu Yamanaka
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Shibata
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Okusaka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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Jain P, Goyal S, Chauhan G, Majumdar K, Ali S, Sakhuja P, Agarwal AK. HER-2/neu over expression in gall bladder adenocarcinoma: A quest for potential therapeutic target. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2021; 63:214-220. [PMID: 32317518 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_664_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gall bladder carcinoma (GBC) is an aggressive malignancy with high mortality and aggressive course, with palliation as the only available option. Objectives To evaluate frequency of HER-2/neu overexpression in GBC and to seek its correlation, if any with conventional clinicopathological parameters and survival. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on 200 cases of GBC, 32 cases of dysplasia, and 100 cases of chronic cholecystitis. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed on 30 randomly selected cases of GBC to validate IHC. HER-2/neu overexpression (IHC 3+/FISH amplification ≥2.2) was correlated with clinicopathological parameters by Chi-square test.P < 0.05 was considered significant. Survival analysis was done by log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results HER-2/neu overexpression was seen in 14% (28/200) GBC cases but was not found in dysplasia and chronic cholecystitis. Majority of these cases were ≤grade 2 and in advanced stage, however this was not statistically significant. A lower mean survival in HER-2/neu positive group as compared to HER-2/neu negative group (17.1 ± 2.3 month versus 67.6 ± 8.5 month, respectively) was observed. Concordance between IHC and FISH was seen in 18/19 cases. Conclusion This study delineates a subset of GBC patients with HER-2/neu overexpression, in whom targeted therapy can offer a survival benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Jain
- Department of Pathology, GIPMER, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, 64 Khamba, New Delhi, India
| | - Surbhi Goyal
- Department of Pathology, GIPMER, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, 64 Khamba, New Delhi, India
| | - Geeta Chauhan
- Department of Pathology, GIPMER, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, 64 Khamba, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaushik Majumdar
- Department of Pathology, GIPMER, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, 64 Khamba, New Delhi, India
| | - Shahajad Ali
- Department of Pathology, GIPMER, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, 64 Khamba, New Delhi, India
| | - Puja Sakhuja
- Department of Pathology, GIPMER, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, 64 Khamba, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil K Agarwal
- Department of Gastro-Surgery, GIPMER, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, 64 Khamba, New Delhi, India
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Harada H, Kihara T, Abe H, Kawahara A, Akiba J, Kurose A. Dentigerous cyst exhibiting prominent mucous cell metaplasia: report of a unique case mimicking central mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Med Mol Morphol 2021; 54:253-8. [PMID: 33433728 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-020-00278-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A Japanese male aged 61 presented with persistent pain in the left posterior area of the mandible for several weeks. A panoramic X-ray revealed a unilocular lesion showing characteristics of a dentigerous cyst associated with an impacted third molar. A cystectomy was performed and histopathological examination revealed a cystic lesion with a fibrous wall. The lumen was covered with non-keratinizing squamous cells with obvious intercellular bridges, which were intermingled with partially ciliated goblet-cell-type mucous and columnar cells. Such cystic lesions should be carefully examined to distinguish them from the glandular odontogenic cyst and central mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the jawbone.
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Wu JM, Galibois AA, Seebocus N, Apu A, Hnatovska M, Wilson A, Shortill T, Turashvili G. HER2 fluorescent in situ hybridization signal degradation: a 10-year retrospective study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 186:99-105. [PMID: 33389404 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-06048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis is recommended for invasive breast carcinomas with equivocal (2+) immunohistochemical expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). However, existing guidelines for the retention and storage requirements for HER2 FISH slides vary widely among countries and laboratories. OBJECTIVE To determine the degradation rate of HER2 FISH signals, and the optimal retention time and storage conditions for HER2 FISH slides. DESIGN Dual-probe HER2 FISH slides from March 2009 to June 2019 were retrieved from the archive to assess the presence, intensity and quantity of the green chromosome enumeration probe 17 (CEP 17) and orange HER2 signals. Per the institutional policy, FISH slides are placed in slide boxes and stored in - 80 °C freezers for up to 4 years, whereas older slides are stored at room temperature. RESULTS After excluding HER2 FISH slides that were deemed uninterpretable due to technical issues, a total of 6255 slides were assessed. Slides from 2009 to 2014 were stored at room temperature, while slides from 2015 to 2019 were stored in - 80 °C freezers. Slides stored in freezers showed retention of both the green and the orange signals. Slide stored at room temperature demonstrated significant decrease in the signal retention rate and the loss of signal did not progress in a linear fashion. The CEP17 signal was quenched much faster than the HER2 signal. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to demonstrate HER2 FISH signal degradation with time and slide storage conditions. Storing HER2 FISH slides in a -80 °C freezer allows for retention of both HER2 and CEP17 signals. At room temperature, the signals start to degrade with CEP17 signals lost at a faster rate. The results of the study may be used in official guidelines for storage conditions and retention time for HER2 FISH slides.
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Pavani RS, Elias MC. Following Trypanosoma cruzi RPA-DNA Interaction Using Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Coupled with Immunofluorescence (FISH/IF). Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2281:209-215. [PMID: 33847960 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1290-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent in situ hybridization coupled with immunofluorescence (FISH/IF) is an assay that has been widely used to study DNA-protein interactions. The technique is based on the use of a fluorescent nucleic acid probe and fluorescent antibodies to reveal the localization of a DNA sequence and a specific protein in the cell. The interaction can be inferred by the quantification of the co-localization between the protein and the DNA. Here, we describe a detailed FISH/IF methodology that our group used to study RPA-telomere interaction in the pathogenic protozoa parasite Trypanosoma cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael S Pavani
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular and Center of Toxins, Immune Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Elias
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular and Center of Toxins, Immune Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
A comprehensive analysis of the tridimensional (3D) organization of the genome is crucial to understand gene regulation. Three-dimensional DNA fluorescent in situ hybridization (3D-FISH) is a method of choice to study nuclear organization at the single-cell level. The labeling of DNA loci of interest provides information on their spatial arrangement, such as their location within the nucleus or their relative positioning. The single-cell information of spatial positioning of genomic loci can thus be integrated with functional genomic and epigenomic features, such as gene activity, epigenetic states, or cell population averaged chromatin interaction profiles obtained using chromosome conformation capture methods. Moreover, the development of a diversity of super-resolution (SR) microscopy techniques now allows the study of structural chromatin properties at subdiffraction resolution, making a finer characterization of shapes and volumes possible, as well as allowing the analysis of quantitative intermingling of genomic regions of interest. Here, we present and describe a 3D-FISH protocol adapted for both conventional and SR microscopy such as 3D structured illumination microscopy (3D-SIM), which can be used for the measurement of 3D distances between loci and the analysis of higher-order chromatin structures in cultured Drosophila and mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Szabo
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Giacomo Cavalli
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Frédéric Bantignies
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS and University of Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Wei L, Liu B, Zhang C, Yu Y, Yang X, Dou Q, Dong Q. Identification and characterization of satellite DNAs in Poa L. Mol Cytogenet 2020; 13:47. [PMID: 33292401 PMCID: PMC7670724 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-020-00518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poa L. is a large genus of grass in Gramineae, among which P. pratensis is widely cultivated as turf and forage. Satellite DNA is the main components of the plant genome. Information of satellites will helpful for dissection the genome composition and definition of the phylogeny relationship of these species. However, the knowledge about the satellites in genus Poa is still limited. RESULTS Four satellite DNAs were identified using the Repeat Explorer pipeline in HiSeq Illumina reads from diploid plants in P. malaca (2n = 26). Two satellites showed high similarity with the previously identified PpTr-1 and PpTr-3, whereas two others are newly identified with the monomer of 326 bp (Poa-326) and 353 bp (Poa-353) respectively. The clone DNAs of PpTr-1 and PpTr-3, and oligonucleotides designed representing satellites Poa-326 and Poa-353 were probed to test on chromosomes across 13 Poa speceis with different polyploidy level by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). PpTr-1, PpTr-3, and Poa-362 were stably positioned in the subtelomeric regions in nearly all species with the variation of hybridization sites number. However, Poa-353 showed different FISH patterns of multiple regions with the variation of hybridization intensity and distribution sites across species. In addition, 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA were used to characterize the genome of the Poa species. Four rDNA FISH patterns were revealed in the tested species. CONCLUSION Four identified satellite were high conservable across Poa species. Genome distribution of these satellites can be characterized by FISH. The variation of satellite DNAs and rDNA chromosomal distributions between species provide useful information for phylogenetic analysis in genus Poa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linna Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture in the Three River Head Waters Region, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Xining, 810001, Qinghai Province, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Qinghai University, No. 1 of Weier Road in Shengwuyuan District of Xining City, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture in the Three River Head Waters Region, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Xining, 810001, Qinghai Province, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Qinghai University, No. 1 of Weier Road in Shengwuyuan District of Xining City, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture in the Three River Head Waters Region, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Xining, 810001, Qinghai Province, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Qinghai University, No. 1 of Weier Road in Shengwuyuan District of Xining City, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture in the Three River Head Waters Region, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Xining, 810001, Qinghai Province, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Qinghai University, No. 1 of Weier Road in Shengwuyuan District of Xining City, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Quanwen Dou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding Qinghai Province, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai Province, China.
| | - Quanmin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture in the Three River Head Waters Region, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Xining, 810001, Qinghai Province, China.
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Qinghai University, No. 1 of Weier Road in Shengwuyuan District of Xining City, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, China.
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Maleki P, Gourabi H, Tahmaseb M, Golkar-Narenji A, Bazrgar M. Lapatinib Decreases the Preimplantation Aneuploidy Rate of in vitro Fertilized Mouse Embryos without Affecting Completion of Preimplantation Development. Cytogenet Genome Res 2020; 160:680-687. [PMID: 33176309 DOI: 10.1159/000511371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major reasons for implantation failure and spontaneous abortion is a high incidence of preimplantation chromosomal aneuploidy. Lapatinib simultaneously inhibits EGFR and HER2, leading to apoptosis. We hypothesized a higher sensitivity for aneuploid cells in preimplantation embryos to lapatinib based on reports of aneuploid cell lines being sensitive to some anticancer drugs. Late 2-cell mouse embryos were treated with lapatinib after determining a nontoxic dose. Morphologies were recorded 24, 48, and 60 hours later. The effect of lapatinib on the aneuploidy rate was evaluated by studying blastocyst cells using FISH. Although the rate of development to 8-cell and morula stage was higher in the control group (p < 0.05), there was no difference in development to the blastocyst stage at the same studied intervals between lapatinib-treated and control groups (p = 0.924). The mean number of cells in morula and blastocyst stages were not different between the groups (p = 0.331 and p = 0.175, respectively). The frequency of aneuploid cells and diploid embryos was, respectively, significantly lower and higher in lapatinib-treated embryos, (p < 0.001). Since lapatinib treatment reduced the aneuploidy rate without impact on the development of mouse preimplantation embryos to the blastocyst stage and number of total cells, lapatinib seems useful for prevention of preimplantation aneuploidy in in vitro fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Maleki
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Gourabi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tahmaseb
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Golkar-Narenji
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masood Bazrgar
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran,
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Fouquerel E, Opresko P. Analysis of Telomere Length and Aberrations by Quantitative FISH. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2102:237-249. [PMID: 31989559 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0223-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A key component of sustained cellular proliferation is the preservation of telomere integrity. Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures that cap and protect linear chromosomes. Their linearity and repetitive sequence represent a challenge for the replication machinery and cause telomere shortening, fragility, and losses. Here we describe the common technique of quantitative fluorescent in situ hybridization that allows for the scoring of telomere aberrations and measurement of telomere length directly on metaphase chromosomes through the use of highly specific peptide nucleic acid probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Fouquerel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Patricia Opresko
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Torres-Cabala C, Li-Ning-Tapia E, Hwu WJ. Pathology-based Biomarkers Useful for Clinical Decisions in Melanoma. Arch Med Res 2020; 51:827-38. [PMID: 32950263 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The dramatic recent advances in therapy of melanoma require a more personalized and precise diagnostic approach to aid in clinical decisions. Tissue-based biomarkers in pathology have diagnostic, prognostic and predictive relevance. Herein we review the most commonly used pathology-based biomarkers in melanoma. Most of these biomarkers are evaluated through immunohistochemistry (IHC) or fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) performed on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue (FFPE), and are widely available in clinical pathology laboratories. We describe the utility of MART1/Ki67, p16, PRAME, markers of lymphovascular invasion (D2-40, CD31, D2-40/MITF, CD31/SOX-10), BRAF V600E, NRAS, KIT, BAP1, ALK, NTRK, PD-L1, TERT, PTEN, iNOS, and MMR proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2) in the evaluation of melanoma specimens. Correct interpretation and awareness of the significance of these biomarkers is crucial for pathologists, dermatologists, and oncologists who take care of melanoma patients.
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30
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Rosenbaum MW, Arpin R, Limbocker J, Casey B, Le L, Dudley J, Iafrate AJ, Pitman MB. Cytomorphologic characteristics of next-generation sequencing-positive bile duct brushing specimens. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2020; 9:520-527. [PMID: 32839152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cytology of bile duct brushings (BDBs) is a specific, but insensitive, test for malignancy. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of BDBs has recently been shown to improve sensitivity. We analyzed the cytologic features of NGS-positive (NGS+) and NGS-negative (NGS-) BDBs and correlated the morphology with the presence of mutations. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 96 BDBs were analyzed for 29 cytologic features by 2 pathologists who were unaware of the original diagnosis and NGS results. Clinicopathologic follow-up was used to determine the patient outcomes (ie, benign, low-grade neoplasm, malignant [carcinoma/high-grade dysplasia]). RESULTS We analyzed 74 NGS+ BDBs from 66 patients and 22 NGS- BDBs from 22 patients. During follow-up, 58 of 66 NGS+ patients (88%) had malignancy compared with 0% of NGS- patients (P < 0.001). Fewer than 50% of the malignant cases had been interpreted as malignant on cytology; however, 100% had demonstrated mutations using NGS. Within the NGS+ cases, 53% showed late mutations (TP53, SMAD4, and CDKN2A) supportive of a high-risk stricture. Significant morphologic differences were seen in the background appearance, presence of single cells, architectural disarray, nucleomegaly, anisonucleosis, irregular nuclear borders, increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear hyperchromasia, nucleoli, abnormal groups, clusters, and/or single cells, and overall impression. Naked nuclei, nucleomegaly, anisonucleosis, and coarse chromatin were more common in BDBs with late mutations than in those with KRAS/GNAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog/guanine nucleotide binding protein, α-stimulating complex locus) mutations only. Cytology had a sensitivity of 16% and a specificity of 100% for malignancy. In contrast, NGS had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 73%. Late mutations were 100% specific for malignancy compared with mutations in KRAS/GNAS only, of which 69% were malignant. CONCLUSIONS We found significant overlap in the cytomorphologic features between neoplastic and non-neoplastic BDBs, and more than one half of cancer cases had been interpreted as "nonmalignant" on cytology. NGS showing late mutations was 100% specific for malignancy. Adding genetic testing to BDB cytology would be a valuable ancillary test for the detection of malignancy, and reflex testing should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Rosenbaum
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Ronald Arpin
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica Limbocker
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brenna Casey
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Long Le
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan Dudley
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - A John Iafrate
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martha B Pitman
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Augustin J, Gabignon C, Scriva A, Menu L, Calmel C, Scatton O, Paye F, Fléjou JF, Praz F, Cervera P, Wendum D. Testing for ROS1, ALK, MET, and HER2 rearrangements and amplifications in a large series of biliary tract adenocarcinomas. Virchows Arch 2020; 477:33-45. [PMID: 32447492 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biliary tract carcinomas are divided into intrahepatic, perihilar, distal extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, and gallbladder adenocarcinomas. Therapies targeting ROS1, ALK, MET, and HER2 alterations are currently evaluated in clinical trials. We assessed ROS1 and ALK translocations/amplifications as well as MET and HER2 amplifications for each tumor subtype by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 73 intrahepatic, 40 perihilar bile duct, 36 distal extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, and 45 gallbladder adenocarcinomas (n = 194). By FISH, we detected targetable alterations in 5.2% of cases (n = 10): HER2 and MET amplifications were found in 4.1% (n = 8) and 1.0% (n = 2), respectively. The HER2-amplified cases were mostly gallbladder adenocarcinomas (n = 5). The MET- and HER2-amplified cases were all positive by IHC. Fourteen cases without MET amplification were positive by IHC, whereas HER2 over-expression was detected by IHC only in HER2-amplified cases. We detected no ALK or ROS1 translocation or amplification. Several alterations were consistent with aneuploidy: 24 cases showed only one copy of ROS1 gene, 4 cases displayed a profile of chromosomal instability, and an over-representation of centromeric alpha-satellite sequences was found in five cases. We confirm a relatively high rate of HER2 amplifications in gallbladder adenocarcinomas and the efficacy of IHC to screen these cases. Our results also suggest the value of IHC to screen MET amplification. Contrary to initial publications, ROS1 rearrangements seem to be very rare in biliary tract adenocarcinomas. We confirm a relatively high frequency of aneuploidy and chromosomal instability and reveal the over-representation of centromeric alpha-satellite sequences in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas.
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Rodriguez Pena MDC, Gordetsky J, Greipp PT, Wei S, Martignoni G, Netto GJ, Harada S, Prieto Granada CN. Rare MDM2 amplification in a fat-predominant angiomyolipoma. Virchows Arch 2020; 477:661-666. [PMID: 32409886 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Angiomyolipomas (AMLs) are triphasic tumors (smooth muscle, vascular and adipocytic components) with myomelanocytic differentiation, arising most commonly in the kidneys, which can show predominant epithelioid morphology and fat-predominant or fat-poor variants. Fat-predominant AMLs can show areas of hypercellularity and lipoblast-like cells, and these features can mimic well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLS). To date, only one documented metastatic epithelioid AML showed unequivocal MDM2 amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization. We describe our findings in a series of 35 AMLs including epithelioid, fat-poor, and fat-predominant variants, following interrogation of the MDM2 locus by FISH and CISH assays. MDM2 amplification was detected in 1 fat-predominant AML. Our findings demonstrate that rare MDM2 amplifications can occur in AMLs. We favor that this finding likely represents a "molecular bystander" event since these tumors are mainly driven by aberrations in the TSC1/TSC2 genes. Nevertheless, the presence of MDM2 amplification in a fat-predominant AML could present a potential diagnostic pitfall, particularly when confronted with the differential diagnosis of fat-predominant AML and WDLS in limited material from the retroperitoneum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Gordetsky
- Pathology Department, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Urology Department, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Shi Wei
- Pathology Department, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Guido Martignoni
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Pathology, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera Del Garda, Verona, Italy
| | - George J Netto
- Pathology Department, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shuko Harada
- Pathology Department, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Mardaryev AN, Fessing MY. 3D-FISH Analysis of the Spatial Genome Organization in Skin Cells in Situ. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2154:217-30. [PMID: 32314220 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0648-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Spatial genome organization in the cell nucleus plays a crucial role in the control of genome functions. Our knowledge about spatial genome organization is relying on the advances in gene imaging technologies and the biochemical approaches based on the spatial dependent ligation of the genomic regions. Fluorescent in situ hybridization using specific fluorescent DNA and RNA probes in cells and tissues with the spatially preserved nuclear and genome architecture (3D-FISH) provides a powerful tool for the further advancement of our knowledge about genome structure and functions. Here we describe the 3D-FISH protocols allowing for such an analysis in mammalian tissue in situ including in the skin. These protocols include DNA probe amplification and labeling; tissue fixation; preservation and preparation for hybridization; hybridization of the DNA probes with genomic DNA in the tissue; and post-hybridization tissue sample processing.
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Abstract
Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) utilizes peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes to identify specific DNA sequences. PNA probes have been effectively used to identify chromosome aberrations and have been shown to greatly aid in biodosimetery assays involved in identifying dicentrics. Traditional techniques have required the heat denaturing of the DNA in formamide followed by multiple hours at moderated temperatures to allow the probe to hybridize to its specific target. Over the past 30 years, advancements in both protocols and probes have made FISH a more reliable technique for both biological research and medical diagnostics, additionally the protocol has been shortened to several minutes. We will introduce two modified PNA FISH protocols, a rapid microwave-based approach and nonclassical hybridization protocol.
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Lauter G, Söll I, Hauptmann G. Sensitive Multiplexed Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Using Enhanced Tyramide Signal Amplification and Its Combination with Immunofluorescent Protein Visualization in Zebrafish. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2047:397-409. [PMID: 31552667 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9732-9_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) provides sensitive detection and visualization of RNA transcripts in tissues and cells with high resolution. We present here a multiplex RNA FISH method using enhanced tyramide signal amplification (TSA) for colocalization analysis of three different transcripts in intact zebrafish brains. To achieve enhancement of fluorescent signals, essential steps of the FISH procedure are optimized including embryo permeability, hybridization efficacy, and fluorogenic TSA-reaction conditions. Critical to this protocol, the enzymatic peroxidase (PO) reactivity is significantly improved by the application of viscosity-increasing polymers, PO accelerators, and highly effective bench-made tyramide substrates. These advancements lead to an optimized TSA-FISH protocol with dramatically increased signal intensity and signal-to-background ratio allowing for visualization of three mRNA transcript patterns simultaneously. The TSA-FISH procedure can be combined with immunofluorescence (IF) to compare mRNA transcript and protein expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Lauter
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Neo, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Iris Söll
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, MBW, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giselbert Hauptmann
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, MBW, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
Mutant DMPK transcripts containing expanded CUG repeats (CUGexp) are retained within the nucleus of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) cells as discrete foci. Nuclear CUGexp-RNA foci that sequester MBNL1 splicing factor represent a hallmark of this RNA dominant disease caused by the expression of expanded microsatellite repeats. Here we described fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques to detect either RNA containing CUG expansion or DMPK transcripts in human DM1 or WT cells. In addition, we propose a combined FISH/immunofluorescence protocol to visualize the colocalization of MBNL1 with CUGexp-RNA foci in DM1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud F Klein
- Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Univeristé, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Inserm, Paris, France
- Association Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Arandel
- Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Univeristé, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Inserm, Paris, France
- Association Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Joelle Marie
- Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Univeristé, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Inserm, Paris, France
- Association Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Denis Furling
- Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Univeristé, Paris, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Inserm, Paris, France.
- Association Institut de Myologie, Paris, France.
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Yorozu T, Sato S, Kimura T, Iwatani K, Onuma H, Yanagisawa T, Miki J, Egawa S, Ikegami M, Takahashi H. HER2 Status in Molecular Subtypes of Urothelial Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2019; 18:e443-e449. [PMID: 31983622 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2, also known as HER2) gene amplification or protein overexpression occurs in certain types of urothelial carcinomas. Molecular pathologic classification of urinary bladder cancer using immunohistochemistry has identified basal and luminal subtypes with differing prognoses, but the HER2 status of these subtypes has not been investigated. In addition, research on urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter (UCRPU) has not progressed because of its rarity, though its prognosis is worse than that of bladder cancer. In this study, we evaluated the clinical significance of HER2 status in molecular subtypes of UCRPU. MATERIALS AND METHODS HER2 status (protein overexpression and/or gene amplification) and molecular subtyping were determined for 148 cases of UCRPU (83 and 65 cases in the renal pelvis and ureter, respectively), using immunohistochemistry and fluorescent in situ hybridization, and compared with clinicopathologic factors. RESULTS Subtype analysis revealed that the cases were 46% basal and 54% luminal. HER2 protein overexpression and/or gene amplification was observed in 14% of UCRPU cases and was significantly more frequent in the luminal subtype than in the basal (22% vs. 4%; P = .0030). Univariate analysis showed that the overall survival of patients with HER2-positive UCRPU was significantly shorter than those with HER2-negative tumors. CONCLUSIONS HER2 protein overexpression and gene amplification were specifically observed in the luminal subtype of UCRPU, suggesting that these cases may respond to HER2-targeted therapies like trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yorozu
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Present address: Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Sato
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kimura
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Iwatani
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Onuma
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yanagisawa
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Miki
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Egawa
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ikegami
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Chmúrčiaková N, Kašný M, Orosová M. Cytogenetics of Eudiplozoon nipponicum (Monogenea, Diplozoidae): Karyotype, spermatocyte division and 18S rDNA location. Parasitol Int 2019; 76:102031. [PMID: 31770588 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.102031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ectoparasitic monogeneans of the family Diplozoidae have direct and monoxenous life cycle. The cytogenetics of monogeneans in general and diplozoids in particular, is a relatively underexplored area. This is why each new detailed description of a karyotype provides significant information about the evolution of monogenean chromosomes and contributes to a better understanding of phylogenetic relationships within this group. This study offers new data on the chromosomes of Eudiplozoon nipponicum, an invasive parasite of the common carp. This species' karyotype consists of seven pairs of telocentric chromosomes (2n = 14 t). After DAPI staining, we marked heterochromatin blocks on all chromosomes in the pericentromeric region. Silver staining (AgNO3) and staining with fluorescent dye YOYO-1 revealed the presence of one large active nucleolus. Fluorescent in situ hybridization with an 18S rDNA probe revealed one cluster of ribosomal genes at the terminal part of the long arms of chromosome pair No. 7. We compared our results with studies on the phylogenetic relationships of diplozoids which applied a combination of molecular methods and classical morphological characterization and found that the results of our cytogenetic analysis are consistent with the hypothesis that E. nipponicum is more basal member of the family Diplozoidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Chmúrčiaková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kašný
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Orosová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia.
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Kann AP, Krauss RS. Multiplexed RNAscope and immunofluorescence on whole-mount skeletal myofibers and their associated stem cells. Development 2019; 146:dev.179259. [PMID: 31519691 DOI: 10.1242/dev.179259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle myofibers are large syncytial cells comprising hundreds of myonuclei, and in situ hybridization experiments have reported a range of transcript localization patterns within them. Although some transcripts are uniformly distributed throughout myofibers, proximity to specialized regions can affect the programming of myonuclei and functional compartmentalization of transcripts. Established techniques are limited by a lack of both sensitivity and spatial resolution, restricting the ability to identify different patterns of gene expression. In this study, we adapted RNAscope fluorescent in situ hybridization technology for use on whole-mount mouse primary myofibers, a preparation that isolates single myofibers with their associated muscle stem cells remaining in their niche. This method can be combined with immunofluorescence, enabling an unparalleled ability to visualize and quantify transcripts and proteins across the length and depth of skeletal myofibers and their associated stem cells. Using this approach, we demonstrate a range of potential uses, including the visualization of specialized transcriptional programming within myofibers, tracking activation-induced transcriptional changes, quantification of stem cell heterogeneity and evaluation of stem cell niche factor transcription patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison P Kann
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert S Krauss
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA .,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Duchatelet L, Delroisse J, Flammang P, Mahillon J, Mallefet J. Etmopterus spinax, the velvet belly lanternshark, does not use bacterial luminescence. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:516-521. [PMID: 31027729 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Marine organisms are able to produce light using either their own luminous system, called intrinsic bioluminescence, or symbiotic luminous bacteria, called extrinsic bioluminescence. Among bioluminescent vertebrates, Osteichthyes are known to harbor both types of bioluminescence, while no study has so far addressed the potential use of intrinsic/extrinsic luminescence in elasmobranchs. In sharks, two families are known to emit light: Etmopteridae and Dalatiidae. The deep-sea bioluminescent Etmopteridae, Etmopterus spinax, has received a particular interest over the past fifteen years and its bioluminescence control was investigated in depth. However, the nature of the shark luminous system still remains enigmatic. The present work was undertaken to assess whether the light of this shark species originates from a bioluminescent bacterial symbiosis. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image analyses, this study supports the conclusion that the bioluminescence in the deep-sea lanternshark, Etmopterus spinax, is not of bacterial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Duchatelet
- Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Earth and Life Institute, Marine Biology Laboratory, Croix du Sud, 3, 1348, Louvain-La Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Jérôme Delroisse
- Université de Mons - UMons, Research Institute for Biosciences, Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, 23 Place du Parc, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Patrick Flammang
- Université de Mons - UMons, Research Institute for Biosciences, Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, 23 Place du Parc, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Jacques Mahillon
- Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Earth and Life Institute, Laboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Croix du Sud, 2, 1348, Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Mallefet
- Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Earth and Life Institute, Marine Biology Laboratory, Croix du Sud, 3, 1348, Louvain-La Neuve, Belgium
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Utilizing cytology specimens for molecular testing has attracted increasing attention in the era of personalized medicine. Cytology specimens are clinically easier to access. The samples can be quickly and completely fixed in a very short time of fixation before tissue degradation occurs, compared to hours or days of fixation in surgical pathology specimens. In addition, cytology specimens can be fixed without formalin, which can significantly damage DNA and RNA. All these factors contribute to the superb quality of DNA and RNA in cytology specimens for molecular tests. STUDY DESIGN We summarize the most pertinent information in the literature regarding molecular testing in the field of cytopathology. RESULTS The first part focuses on the types of cytological specimens that can be used for molecular testing, including the advantages and limitations. The second section describes the common molecular tests and their clinical application. CONCLUSION Various types of cytology specimens are suitable for many molecular tests, which may require additional clinical laboratory validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Huang
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shuanzeng Wei
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,
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Liu S, Kang X, Catacchio CR, Liu M, Fang L, Schroeder SG, Li W, Rosen BD, Iamartino D, Iannuzzi L, Sonstegard TS, Van Tassell CP, Ventura M, Low WY, Williams JL, Bickhart DM, Liu GE. Computational detection and experimental validation of segmental duplications and associated copy number variations in water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis ). Funct Integr Genomics 2019; 19:409-419. [PMID: 30734132 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-019-00657-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Duplicated sequences are an important source of gene evolution and structural variation within mammalian genomes. Using a read depth approach based on next-generation sequencing, we performed a genome-wide analysis of segmental duplications (SDs) and associated copy number variations (CNVs) in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). By aligning short reads of Olimpia (the reference water buffalo) to the UMD3.1 cattle genome, we identified 1,038 segmental duplications comprising 44.6 Mb (equivalent to ~1.73% of the cattle genome) of the autosomal and X chromosomal sequence in the buffalo genome. We experimentally validated 70.3% (71/101) of these duplications using fluorescent in situ hybridization. We also detected a total of 1,344 CNV regions across 14 additional water buffaloes, amounting to 59.8 Mb of variable sequence or the equivalent of 2.2% of the cattle genome. The CNV regions overlap 1,245 genes that are significantly enriched for specific biological functions including immune response, oxygen transport, sensory system and signal transduction. Additionally, we performed array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) experiments using the 14 water buffaloes as test samples and Olimpia as the reference. Using a linear regression model, a high Pearson correlation (r = 0.781) was observed between the log2 ratios between copy number estimates and the log2 ratios of aCGH probes. We further designed Quantitative PCR assays to confirm CNV regions within or near annotated genes and found 74.2% agreement with our CNV predictions. These results confirm sub-chromosome-scale structural rearrangements present in the cattle and water buffalo. The information on genome variation that will be of value for evolutionary and phenotypic studies, and may be useful for selective breeding of both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Liu
- USDA-ARS, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolong Kang
- USDA-ARS, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | | | - Mei Liu
- USDA-ARS, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Molecular Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lingzhao Fang
- USDA-ARS, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Steven G Schroeder
- USDA-ARS, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA
| | - Wenli Li
- The Cell Wall Utilization and Biology Laboratory, US Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA, ARS, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Benjamin D Rosen
- USDA-ARS, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA
| | - Daniela Iamartino
- AIA-LGS, Associazione Italiana Allevatori - Laboratorio Genetica e Servizi, Via Bergamo 292, 26100 (CR), Cremona, Italy
- Parco Tecnologico Padano, Via Einstein, Polo Universitario, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Iannuzzi
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Gene Mapping, Nationa Research Council (CNR), ISPAAM, Via Argine 1085, 80147, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Curtis P Van Tassell
- USDA-ARS, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA
| | - Mario Ventura
- Department of Biology, University of Bari, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Wai Yee Low
- Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, 5371, Australia
| | - John L Williams
- Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, 5371, Australia
| | - Derek M Bickhart
- The Cell Wall Utilization and Biology Laboratory, US Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA, ARS, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - George E Liu
- USDA-ARS, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA.
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Mahmood R, Khan SA, Altaf C, Malik HS, Khadim MT. Clinicohematological parameters and outcomes in a cohort of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with Deletion 17p from Pakistan. Blood Res 2018; 53:276-280. [PMID: 30588463 PMCID: PMC6300684 DOI: 10.5045/br.2018.53.4.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) exhibits profound heterogeneity in its clinical course. Its clinicohematological and cytogenetic features play a significant role in determining the clinical course and in predicting the treatment response and prognosis. In this context, 17p deletion is known to predict a poor prognosis, as these cases are refractory to conventional therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the clinicohematological characteristics, outcomes, and prognostic factors among CLL patients with and without del 17p in Pakistan. Methods This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (Rawalpindi, Pakistan) between January 2013 and December 2017. Patients were diagnosed based on the International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia IWCLL criteria, their clinicohematological parameters were recorded, and cytogenetic analyses were performed. The time from diagnosis to treatment and the 2-year overall survival rate were also evaluated. Results We evaluated 130 CLL cases, including 24 patients (18.5%) with del 17p, who included 18 men (75%) and 6 women (25%). The median age was 68 years. Binet stage C was detected at the presentation in 16 patients (67%). Treatment was administered to 14 patients (70%) at a median interval of 11 months (range, 0-28 mo) after diagnosis. The overall response rate was 64.3%, the median event-free survival was 9 months (range, 1-23 mo), and the 2-year overall survival rate was 65%. Conclusion Del 17p is relatively common in Pakistan, and patients harboring this deletion had poor treatment response and survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafia Mahmood
- Department of Haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Saleem Ahmed Khan
- Department of Haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Chaudhry Altaf
- Department of Haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Saeed Malik
- Department of Haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir Khadim
- Department of Haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Prudent E, Le Guenno G, Jonckheere S, Vankeerberghen A, Lepidi H, Angelakis E, Raoult D. Fluorescent in situ hybridization can be used as a complementary assay for the diagnosis of Tropheryma whipplei infection. Infection 2018; 47:317-321. [PMID: 30368732 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-018-1243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunohistochemistry and Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining have been routinely used for the diagnosis of Whipple's disease (WD). However, these methods present limitations. As a result, the last years, Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been increasingly used as a complementary tool for the diagnosis of WD from various tissue samples. CASE REPORT In this study, we visualized, by FISH, Tropheryma whipplei within macrophages of a lymph node from a patient with WD. Moreover, we report in this study a patient with a pulmonary biopsy compatible with WD by PAS, immunostaining and FISH, although the specific molecular assays for T. whipplei were negative. Sequencing analysis of the 16S rDNA revealed a T. whipplei-related species with unknown classification. CONCLUSION FISH can be a valuable method for the detection of Tropheryma species in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. FISH cannot replace the other already approved diagnostic techniques for WD, it can be used as a complementary tool and can provide supplementary information in a relatively short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Prudent
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Le Guenno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Estaing, Centre, Hospitaliser Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stijn Jonckheere
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, OLV Hospital Aalst, Aalst, Belgium
| | | | - Hubert Lepidi
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanouil Angelakis
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France. .,Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece.
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
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Magnoli F, Bernasconi B, Vivian L, Proserpio I, Pinotti G, Campiotti L, Mazzucchelli L, Sessa F, Tibiletti MG, Uccella S. Primary extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas: Many sites, many entities? Clinico-pathological, immunohistochemical and cytogenetic study of 106 cases. Cancer Genet 2018; 228-229:28-40. [PMID: 30553470 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and cytogenetic features of 106 extranodal (EN) diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) from stomach (34 cases), intestine (10), cervico-cephalic region (11), central nervous system (13), testes (21), skin (8), and miscellaneous sites (9). Hans' algorithm and the immunohistochemical double expressor score (DES) for MYC and BCL2 were applied to all cases. A subset of fifty-eight cases were analyzed with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with specific break apart probes for BCL6, MYC, BCL2, CCND1, BCL10 and MALT1 genes. Clinical records were available for all patients. The immunohistochemical study showed that, in our series of EN-DLBCLs, the Hans' subgroup and the DES differed significantly according to the site of origin. At FISH analysis, BCL6 and BCL2 were the most commonly rearranged genes in non-GC and in GC cases, respectively. Gastrointestinal lymphomas displayed the highest rate of gene rearrangements, often with MYC involvement. One testicular DLBCL showed BCL2/MYC double hit. At survival analysis, cerebral and testicular origin was associated with poor prognosis. In addition, Hans' subgroup and other immunohistochemical markers influenced patients' outcome. In conclusion, our data suggest that immunophenotypic, genetic and survival characteristics of EN-DLBCL are related to the specific primary site of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Magnoli
- Department Of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Pathology, University of Insubria, Via O. Rossi, 9, 21100 Varese, Italy; Department of Pathology, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Barbara Bernasconi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Lisa Vivian
- Department Of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Pathology, University of Insubria, Via O. Rossi, 9, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | | | | | - Leonardo Campiotti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Fausto Sessa
- Department Of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Pathology, University of Insubria, Via O. Rossi, 9, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Uccella
- Department Of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Pathology, University of Insubria, Via O. Rossi, 9, 21100 Varese, Italy.
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Lee YI, Yap JW, Izan S, Leitch IJ, Fay MF, Lee YC, Hidalgo O, Dodsworth S, Smulders MJM, Gravendeel B, Leitch AR. Satellite DNA in Paphiopedilum subgenus Parvisepalum as revealed by high-throughput sequencing and fluorescent in situ hybridization. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:578. [PMID: 30068293 PMCID: PMC6090851 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4956-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Satellite DNA is a rapidly diverging, largely repetitive DNA component of many eukaryotic genomes. Here we analyse the evolutionary dynamics of a satellite DNA repeat in the genomes of a group of Asian subtropical lady slipper orchids (Paphiopedilum subgenus Parvisepalum and representative species in the other subgenera/sections across the genus). A new satellite repeat in Paphiopedilum subgenus Parvisepalum, SatA, was identified and characterized using the RepeatExplorer pipeline in HiSeq Illumina reads from P. armeniacum (2n = 26). Reconstructed monomers were used to design a satellite-specific fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) probe. The data were also analysed within a phylogenetic framework built using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of 45S nuclear ribosomal DNA. RESULTS SatA comprises c. 14.5% of the P. armeniacum genome and is specific to subgenus Parvisepalum. It is composed of four primary monomers that range from 230 to 359 bp and contains multiple inverted repeat regions with hairpin-loop motifs. A new karyotype of P. vietnamense (2n = 28) is presented and shows that the chromosome number in subgenus Parvisepalum is not conserved at 2n = 26, as previously reported. The physical locations of SatA sequences were visualised on the chromosomes of all seven Paphiopedilum species of subgenus Parvisepalum (2n = 26-28), together with the 5S and 45S rDNA loci using FISH. The SatA repeats were predominantly localisedin the centromeric, peri-centromeric and sub-telocentric chromosome regions, but the exact distribution pattern was species-specific. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the newly discovered, highly abundant and rapidly evolving satellite sequence SatA is specific to Paphiopedilum subgenus Parvisepalum. SatA and rDNA chromosomal distributions are characteristic of species, and comparisons between species reveal that the distribution patterns generate a strong phylogenetic signal. We also conclude that the ancestral chromosome number of subgenus Parvisepalum and indeed of all Paphiopedilum could be either 2n = 26 or 28, if P. vietnamense is sister to all species in the subgenus as suggested by the ITS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-I Lee
- Biology Department, National Museum of Natural Science, No 1, Kuan-Chien Rd, 40453 Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 40227 Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jing Wei Yap
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB UK
- Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 52109 Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Shairul Izan
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, NL-6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia (UPM) Serdang, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ilia J. Leitch
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB UK
| | - Michael F. Fay
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB UK
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Yi-Ching Lee
- Biology Department, National Museum of Natural Science, No 1, Kuan-Chien Rd, 40453 Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Oriane Hidalgo
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB UK
| | - Steven Dodsworth
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB UK
| | - Marinus J. M. Smulders
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, NL-6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Gravendeel
- Endless Forms Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Vondellaan 55, 2332 AA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Zernikedreef 11, 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew R. Leitch
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
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Hausken KN, Marquis TJ, Sower SA. Expression of two glycoprotein hormone receptors in larval, parasitic phase, and adult sea lampreys. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 264:39-47. [PMID: 29157942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
All jawed vertebrates have three canonical glycoprotein hormones (GpHs: luteinizing hormone, LH; follicle stimulating hormone, FSH; and thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH) with three corresponding GpH receptors (GpH-Rs: LH-R, FSH-R, and TSH-R). In contrast, we propose that the jawless vertebrate, the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), only has two pituitary glycoprotein hormones, lamprey (l)GpH and l-thyrostimulin, and two functional glycoprotein receptors, lGpH-R I and II. It is not known at this time whether there is a specific receptor for lGpH and l-thyrostimulin, or if both GpHs can differentially activate the lGpH-Rs. In this report, we determined the RNA expression of lGpH-R I and II in the gonads and thyroids of larval, parasitic phase, and adult lampreys. A highly sensitive dual-label fluorescent in situ hybridization technique (RNAScope™) showed lGpH-R I expression in the ovaries of larval lamprey, and co-localization and co-expression of lGpH-R I and II in the ovaries of parasitic phase and adult lampreys. Both receptors were also highly co-localized and co-expressed in the endostyle of larval lamprey and thyroid follicles of parasitic and adult lampreys. In addition, we performed in vivo studies to determine the actions of lamprey gonadotropin releasing hormones (lGnRHs) on lGpH-R I and II expression by real time PCR, and determined plasma concentrations of estradiol and thyroxine. Administration of lGnRH-III significantly (p ≤ 0.01) increased lGpHR II expression in the thyroid follicles of adult female lampreys but did not cause a significant increase in RNA expression of lGpH-R I and II in ovaries. Concomitantly, there was a significant increase (p ≤ 0.01) of plasma estradiol without any significant changes of plasma thyroxine concentrations in response to treatment to lGnRH-I, -II, or -III. In summary, our results provide supporting evidence that the lamprey pituitary glycoprotein hormones may differentially activate the lamprey GpH-Rs in regulating both thyroid and gonadal activities during each of the three life stages of the sea lamprey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krist N Hausken
- Center for Molecular and Comparative Endocrinology and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Timothy J Marquis
- Center for Molecular and Comparative Endocrinology and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Stacia A Sower
- Center for Molecular and Comparative Endocrinology and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
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Johani K, Fritz BG, Bjarnsholt T, Lipsky BA, Jensen SO, Yang M, Dean A, Hu H, Vickery K, Malone M. Understanding the microbiome of diabetic foot osteomyelitis: insights from molecular and microscopic approaches. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 25:332-339. [PMID: 29787888 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rigorous visual evidence on whether or not biofilms are involved in diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) is lacking. We employed a suite of molecular and microscopic approaches to investigate the microbiome, and phenotypic state of microorganisms involved in DFO. METHODS In 20 consecutive subjects with suspected DFO, we collected intraoperative bone specimens. To explore the microbial diversity present in infected bone we performed next generation DNA sequencing. We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and peptide nucleic acid fluorescent in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH) with confocal microscopy to visualize and confirm the presence of biofilms. RESULTS In 19 of 20 (95%) studied patients presenting with DFO, it was associated with an infected diabetic foot ulcer. By DNA sequencing of infected bone, Corynebacterium sp. was the most commonly identified microorganism, followed by Finegoldia sp., Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Porphyromonas sp., and Anaerococcus sp. Six of 20 bone samples (30%) contained only one or two pathogens, while the remaining 14 (70%) had polymicrobial communities. Using a combination of SEM and PNA-FISH, we identified microbial aggregates in biofilms in 16 (80%) bone specimens and found that they were typically coccoid or rod-shaped aggregates. CONCLUSIONS The presence of biofilms in DFO may explain why non-surgical treatment of DFO, relying on systemic antibiotic therapy, may not resolve some chronic infections caused by biofilm-producing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Johani
- Surgical Infection Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - B G Fritz
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Denmark
| | - T Bjarnsholt
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Denmark; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - B A Lipsky
- Oxford Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S O Jensen
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Australia
| | - M Yang
- Liverpool Hospital, South Western Sydney LHD, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Dean
- Liverpool Hospital, South Western Sydney LHD, Sydney, Australia
| | - H Hu
- Surgical Infection Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - K Vickery
- Surgical Infection Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - M Malone
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Australia; Liverpool Hospital, South Western Sydney LHD, Sydney, Australia; Liverpool Diabetes Collaborative Research Unit, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.
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Rodrigues PS, Souza MM, Melo CAF, Pereira TNS, Corrêa RX. Karyotype diversity and 2C DNA content in species of the Caesalpinia group. BMC Genet 2018; 19:25. [PMID: 29642872 PMCID: PMC5896153 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-018-0610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Leguminosae family is the third-largest family of angiosperms, and Caesalpinioideae is its second-largest subfamily. A great number of species (approximately 205) are found in the Caesalpinia group within this subfamily; together with these species' phenotypic plasticity and the similarities in their morphological descriptors, make this a complex group for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the karyotypic diversity and the 2C DNA content variation in 10 species of the Caesalpinia group, representing six genera: Paubrasilia, Caesalpinia, Cenostigma, Poincianella, Erythrostemon and Libidibia. The GC-rich heterochromatin and 45S rDNA sites (which are used as chromosome markers) were located to evaluate the karyotype diversity in the clade. The variation in the 2C DNA content was determined through flow cytometry. RESULTS The fluorochrome banding indicated that the chromomycin A3+/4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole- blocks were exclusively in the terminal regions of the chromosomes, coinciding with 45S rDNA sites in all analyzed species. Physical mapping of the species (through fluorescence in situ hybridization) revealed variation in the size of the hybridization signals and in the number and distribution of the 45S rDNA sites. All hybridization sites were in the terminal regions of the chromosomes. In addition, all species had a hybridization site in the fourth chromosome pair. The 2C DNA content ranged from 1.54 pg in Erythrostemon calycina to 2.82 pg in the Paubrasilia echinata large-leaf variant. The Pa. echinata small-leaf variant was isolated from the other leaf variants through Scoot-Knott clustering. CONCLUSIONS The chromosome diversity and the variation in the 2C DNA content reinforce that the actual taxonomy and clustering of the analyzed taxa requires more genera that were previously proposed. This fact indicates that taxonomy, phylogeny and cytoevolutionary inference related to the complex Caesalpinia group have to be done through integrative evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polliana Silva Rodrigues
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, CEP, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Margarete Magalhães Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, CEP, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Cláusio Antônio Ferreira Melo
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, CEP, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Telma Nair Santana Pereira
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Ronan Xavier Corrêa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, CEP, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil.
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50
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Kaykov A, Nurse P. Analysis of Fission Yeast Single DNA Molecules on the Megabase Scale Using DNA Combing. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1721:9-24. [PMID: 29423843 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7546-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
DNA combing enables the quantitative analysis of DNA replication, DNA recombination, DNA-protein interaction, and DNA methylation along genomic single DNA molecules at 1 kb resolution. However, DNA combing has been restricted to short 200-500 kb long DNA fragments, which introduces significant bias in data analysis. An improved DNA combing methodology that allows to routinely image Mb-scale single DNA molecules and occasionally up to full-length fission yeast chromosomes is presented in this chapter. DNA combing of Mb-scale single DNA molecules can be applied to accurately measure the dynamic properties of DNA replication such as the rate of origin firing, replication fork velocity, fork directionality and the frequency of fork blockage. In addition, Mb-scale single DNA molecules enable the quantitative analysis of complex genomic rearrangements including gross chromosomal translocations, repetitive DNA sequences, large deletions, and duplications, which are difficult to investigate with deep sequencing strategies.
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