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Lourtie A, Eeckhaut I, Mallefet J, Savarino P, Isorez M, Mussoi L, Bischoff H, Delroisse J, Hédouin L, Gerbaux P, Caulier G. Species-specific metabolites mediate host selection and larval recruitment of the symbiotic seastar shrimp. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12674. [PMID: 37542089 PMCID: PMC10403617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39527-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In marine environments, host selection, defining how symbiotic organisms recognize and interact with their hosts, is often mediated by olfactory communication. Although adult symbionts may select their hosts detecting chemosensory cues, no information is available concerning the recruitment of symbiotic larvae which is a crucial step to sustain symbioses over generations. This study investigates the olfactory recognition of seastar hosts by adult Zenopontonia soror shrimps and the recruitment of their larvae. We examine the semiochemicals that influence host selection using chemical extractions, behavioural experiments in olfactometers, and mass spectrometry analyses. After describing the symbiotic population and the embryonic development of shrimps, our results demonstrate that asterosaponins, which are traditionally considered as chemical defences in seastars, are species-specific and play a role in attracting the symbiotic shrimps. Adult shrimps were found to be attracted only by their original host species Culcita novaeguineae, while larvae were attracted by different species of seastars. This study provides the first chemical identification of an olfactory cue used by larvae of symbiotic organisms to locate their host for recruitment. These findings highlight the importance of chemical communication in the mediation of symbiotic associations, which has broader significant implications for understanding the ecological dynamics of marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Lourtie
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons-UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, 7000, Mons, Belgium.
- Marine Biology Laboratory, Earth and Life Institute, University UCLouvain, Croix du sud 3/L7.06.04, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Igor Eeckhaut
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons-UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, 7000, Mons, Belgium
- Belaza Marine Station (IH.SM-UMONS-ULIEGE), Toliara, Madagascar
| | - Jérôme Mallefet
- Marine Biology Laboratory, Earth and Life Institute, University UCLouvain, Croix du sud 3/L7.06.04, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Philippe Savarino
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons-UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Isorez
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons-UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Lisa Mussoi
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons-UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Hugo Bischoff
- PSL Research University: EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, USR 3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729, Papetoai, Mo'orea, French Polynesia
- Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, Mo'orea, French Polynesia
| | - Jérôme Delroisse
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons-UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Laetitia Hédouin
- PSL Research University: EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, USR 3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729, Papetoai, Mo'orea, French Polynesia
- Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, Mo'orea, French Polynesia
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons-UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Caulier
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons-UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, 7000, Mons, Belgium.
- Belaza Marine Station (IH.SM-UMONS-ULIEGE), Toliara, Madagascar.
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Aleotti A, Wilkie IC, Yañez-Guerra LA, Gattoni G, Rahman TA, Wademan RF, Ahmad Z, Ivanova DA, Semmens DC, Delroisse J, Cai W, Odekunle E, Egertová M, Ferrario C, Sugni M, Bonasoro F, Elphick MR. Discovery and functional characterization of neuropeptides in crinoid echinoderms. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1006594. [PMID: 36583101 PMCID: PMC9793003 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1006594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are one of the largest and most diverse families of signaling molecules in animals and, accordingly, they regulate many physiological processes and behaviors. Genome and transcriptome sequencing has enabled the identification of genes encoding neuropeptide precursor proteins in species from a growing variety of taxa, including bilaterian and non-bilaterian animals. Of particular interest are deuterostome invertebrates such as the phylum Echinodermata, which occupies a phylogenetic position that has facilitated reconstruction of the evolution of neuropeptide signaling systems in Bilateria. However, our knowledge of neuropeptide signaling in echinoderms is largely based on bioinformatic and experimental analysis of eleutherozoans-Asterozoa (starfish and brittle stars) and Echinozoa (sea urchins and sea cucumbers). Little is known about neuropeptide signaling in crinoids (feather stars and sea lilies), which are a sister clade to the Eleutherozoa. Therefore, we have analyzed transcriptome/genome sequence data from three feather star species, Anneissia japonica, Antedon mediterranea, and Florometra serratissima, to produce the first comprehensive identification of neuropeptide precursors in crinoids. These include representatives of bilaterian neuropeptide precursor families and several predicted crinoid neuropeptide precursors. Using A. mediterranea as an experimental model, we have investigated the expression of selected neuropeptides in larvae (doliolaria), post-metamorphic pentacrinoids and adults, providing new insights into the cellular architecture of crinoid nervous systems. Thus, using mRNA in situ hybridization F-type SALMFamide precursor transcripts were revealed in a previously undescribed population of peptidergic cells located dorso-laterally in doliolaria. Furthermore, using immunohistochemistry a calcitonin-type neuropeptide was revealed in the aboral nerve center, circumoral nerve ring and oral tube feet in pentacrinoids and in the ectoneural and entoneural compartments of the nervous system in adults. Moreover, functional analysis of a vasopressin/oxytocin-type neuropeptide (crinotocin), which is expressed in the brachial nerve of the arms in A. mediterranea, revealed that this peptide causes a dose-dependent change in the mechanical behavior of arm preparations in vitro-the first reported biological action of a neuropeptide in a crinoid. In conclusion, our findings provide new perspectives on neuropeptide signaling in echinoderms and the foundations for further exploration of neuropeptide expression/function in crinoids as a sister clade to eleutherozoan echinoderms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Aleotti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy,School of Biological & Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iain C. Wilkie
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Luis A. Yañez-Guerra
- School of Biological & Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giacomo Gattoni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy,School of Biological & Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tahshin A. Rahman
- School of Biological & Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard F. Wademan
- School of Biological & Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zakaryya Ahmad
- School of Biological & Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deyana A. Ivanova
- School of Biological & Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dean C. Semmens
- School of Biological & Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jérôme Delroisse
- School of Biological & Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Weigang Cai
- School of Biological & Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Odekunle
- School of Biological & Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michaela Egertová
- School of Biological & Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Ferrario
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Sugni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonasoro
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurice R. Elphick
- School of Biological & Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Maurice R. Elphick,
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Bonneel M, Hennebert E, Aranko AS, Hwang DS, Lefevre M, Pommier V, Wattiez R, Delroisse J, Flammang P. Molecular mechanisms mediating stiffening in the mechanically adaptable connective tissues of sea cucumbers. Matrix Biol 2022; 108:39-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tinoco AB, Barreiro-Iglesias A, Yañez Guerra LA, Delroisse J, Zhang Y, Gunner EF, Zampronio CG, Jones AM, Egertová M, Elphick MR. Ancient role of sulfakinin/cholecystokinin-type signalling in inhibitory regulation of feeding processes revealed in an echinoderm. eLife 2021; 10:e65667. [PMID: 34488941 PMCID: PMC8428848 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfakinin (SK)/cholecystokinin (CCK)-type neuropeptides regulate feeding and digestion in protostomes (e.g. insects) and chordates. Here, we characterised SK/CCK-type signalling for the first time in a non-chordate deuterostome - the starfish Asterias rubens (phylum Echinodermata). In this species, two neuropeptides (ArSK/CCK1, ArSK/CCK2) derived from the precursor protein ArSK/CCKP act as ligands for an SK/CCK-type receptor (ArSK/CCKR) and these peptides/proteins are expressed in the nervous system, digestive system, tube feet, and body wall. Furthermore, ArSK/CCK1 and ArSK/CCK2 cause dose-dependent contraction of cardiac stomach, tube foot, and apical muscle preparations in vitro, and injection of these neuropeptides in vivo triggers cardiac stomach retraction and inhibition of the onset of feeding in A. rubens. Thus, an evolutionarily ancient role of SK/CCK-type neuropeptides as inhibitory regulators of feeding-related processes in the Bilateria has been conserved in the unusual and unique context of the extra-oral feeding behaviour and pentaradial body plan of an echinoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Tinoco
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological & Behavioural SciencesLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Antón Barreiro-Iglesias
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological & Behavioural SciencesLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Jérôme Delroisse
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological & Behavioural SciencesLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ya Zhang
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological & Behavioural SciencesLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth F Gunner
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological & Behavioural SciencesLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Cleidiane G Zampronio
- School of Life Sciences and Proteomics, Research Technology Platform, University of WarwickCoventryUnited Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M Jones
- School of Life Sciences and Proteomics, Research Technology Platform, University of WarwickCoventryUnited Kingdom
| | - Michaela Egertová
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological & Behavioural SciencesLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Maurice R Elphick
- Queen Mary University of London, School of Biological & Behavioural SciencesLondonUnited Kingdom
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Delroisse J, Léonet A, Alexandre H, Eeckhaut I. Intracellular Pathways of Holothuroid Oocyte Maturation Induced by the Thioredoxin Trx-REES. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1201. [PMID: 34439448 PMCID: PMC8388914 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In holothuroids, oocyte maturation is stopped in ovaries at the prophase I stage of meiosis. In natural conditions, the blockage is removed during the spawning by an unknown mechanism. When oocytes are isolated by dissection, the meiotic release can be successfully induced by a natural inducer, the REES (i.e., Rough Extract of Echinoid Spawn) that is used in aquaculture to obtain viable larvae in mass. A thioredoxin has recently been identified in the REES as the molecule responsible for holothuroid oocyte maturation. As a redox-active protein, thioredoxin is thought to reduce target proteins within the oocyte membrane and initiate an intracellular reaction cascade that leads to the unblocking of the oocyte meiosis. Our results allow us to understand additional steps in the intracellular reaction cascade induced by the action of thioredoxin on oocytes. Pharmacological agents known to have activating or inhibiting actions on oocyte maturation have been used (Forskolin, Isobutylmethylxanthine, Hypoxanthine, 6-dimethyaminopurine, Lavendustin, Genistein, Roscovitine, Cycloheximide). The effects of these agents were analysed on oocytes of the holothuroid Holothuria tubulosa incubated with or without REES and were compared to those obtained with another reducing agent, the dithiothreitol. Our results demonstrated that, at the opposite of dithiothreitol-induced oocyte maturation, thioredoxin-induced oocyte maturation is cAMP independent, but dependent of the presence of calcium in the seawater. Both pathways of induction require the activation of protein serine/threonine kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Delroisse
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium;
- Belaza Marine Station, Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines, University of Toliaria, Toliaria 601, Madagascar
| | - Aline Léonet
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium;
- Haute Ecole Du Hainaut, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Henri Alexandre
- Embryology Laboratory, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium;
| | - Igor Eeckhaut
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium;
- Haute Ecole Du Hainaut, 7000 Mons, Belgium
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Delroisse J, Van Wayneberghe K, Flammang P, Gillan D, Gerbaux P, Opina N, Todinanahary GGB, Eeckhaut I. Epidemiology of a SKin Ulceration Disease (SKUD) in the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra with a review on the SKUDs in Holothuroidea (Echinodermata). Sci Rep 2020; 10:22150. [PMID: 33335179 PMCID: PMC7746772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquacultivated sea cucumbers often suffer from SKin Ulceration Diseases (SKUDs). SKUDs have been observed in six holothuroid species from nine countries. All SKUDs present a similar symptom-the skin ulceration-and can be induced by bacteria, viruses, or abiotic factors. We here provide an update on SKUDs in holothuroids and analyse the case of the SKUD observed in Holothuria scabra in Madagascar. Field observations revealed a seasonality of the disease (i.e. wintertime maximum peak). Morphological analyses of integument ulcers showed that sea cucumbers react by forming a collagen fibre plug. Metagenomic analyses revealed a higher proportion of Vibrionaceae (Gammaproteobacteria) in ulcers in comparison to the healthy integument of the same individuals. Experimental infection assays were performed with ulcer crude extracts and bacteria isolated from these extracts (e.g. Vibrio parahaemolyticus) but did not significantly induce skin ulceration. Our results suggest that the disease is not induced by a pathogen or, at the very least, that the pathogen is not found within the ulcers as the disease is not transmissible by contact. An initial cause of the SKUD in Madagascar might be the repeated and prolonged exposures to cold temperatures. Opportunistic bacteria could settle in the dermis of ulcerated individuals and promote the ulcer extension. We propose a general nomenclature for SKUDs based on the acronym of the disease, the affected sea cucumber species (e.g. Hs for Holothuria scabra), the concerned region using an ISO code 3166-2 (e.g. MG for Madagascar), the description date (e.g. 20 for the year 2020), and, when known, the inducing agent (first letter of the general taxon, b for bacteria, v for virus in currently known cases; a a if it is an abiotic inducing parameter; nothing if the inducing cause has not been precisely identified). The disease described in this work will be designated under the name SKUD Hs-MG-20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Delroisse
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons - UMONS, Place du Parc, 6, 7000, Mons, Belgium. .,Marine Station of Belaza, Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines (IH.SM), University of Toliara, Route du Port Mahavatse II, P.O. Box 141, 601, Toliara, Madagascar.
| | - Kévin Van Wayneberghe
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons - UMONS, Place du Parc, 6, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Patrick Flammang
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons - UMONS, Place du Parc, 6, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - David Gillan
- Proteomics and Microbiology Lab, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons - UMONS, Place du Parc, 6, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Lab, Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons - UMONS, Place du Parc, 6, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Noel Opina
- Madagascar Holothurie (R&D of Indian Ocean Trepang), Toliara, Route du Port Mahavatse II, P.O. Box 141, 601, Toliara, Madagascar
| | - Gildas Georges Boleslas Todinanahary
- Marine Station of Belaza, Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines (IH.SM), University of Toliara, Route du Port Mahavatse II, P.O. Box 141, 601, Toliara, Madagascar.,Madagascar Holothurie (R&D of Indian Ocean Trepang), Toliara, Route du Port Mahavatse II, P.O. Box 141, 601, Toliara, Madagascar
| | - Igor Eeckhaut
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons - UMONS, Place du Parc, 6, 7000, Mons, Belgium. .,Marine Station of Belaza, Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines (IH.SM), University of Toliara, Route du Port Mahavatse II, P.O. Box 141, 601, Toliara, Madagascar. .,Madagascar Holothurie (R&D of Indian Ocean Trepang), Toliara, Route du Port Mahavatse II, P.O. Box 141, 601, Toliara, Madagascar.
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Claes JM, Delroisse J, Grace MA, Doosey MH, Duchatelet L, Mallefet J. Histological evidence for secretory bioluminescence from pectoral pockets of the American Pocket Shark (Mollisquama mississippiensis). Sci Rep 2020; 10:18762. [PMID: 33128012 PMCID: PMC7599239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75656-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of pocket shark pectoral pockets has puzzled scientists over decades. Here, we show that the pockets of the American Pocket Shark (Mollisquama mississippiensis) contain a brightly fluorescent stratified cubic epithelium enclosed in a pigmented sheath and in close contact with the basal cartilage of the pectoral fins; cells of this epithelium display a centripetal gradient in size and a centrifuge gradient in fluorescence. These results strongly support the idea that pocket shark's pockets are exocrine holocrine glands capable of discharging a bioluminescent fluid, potentially upon a given movement of the pectoral fin. Such capability has been reported in many other marine organisms and is typically used as a close-range defensive trick. In situ observations would be required to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien M Claes
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Jérôme Delroisse
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, Biosciences Institute, University of Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Mark A Grace
- NOAA/NMFS, SEFSC/Mississippi Laboratories, 3209 Fredric St., Pascagoula, MS, 39564, USA
| | - Michael H Doosey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Dr., New Orleans, Louisiana, 70148, USA
| | - Laurent Duchatelet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Mallefet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Duchatelet L, Delroisse J, Mallefet J. Bioluminescence in lanternsharks: Insight from hormone receptor localization. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 294:113488. [PMID: 32272132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
As part of the study of their bioluminescence, the deep-sea lanternshark Etmopterus spinax and Etmopterus molleri (Chondrichthyes, Etmopteridae) received growing interest over the past ten years. These mesopelagic sharks produce light thanks to a finely tuned hormonal control involving melatonin, adrenocorticotropic hormone and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Receptors of these hormones, respectively the melatonin receptors and the melanocortin receptors, are all members of the G-protein coupled receptor family i.e. coupled with specific G proteins involved in the preliminary steps of their transduction pathways. The present study highlights the specific localization of the hormonal receptors, as well as of their associated G-proteins within the light organs, the so-called photophores, in E. spinax and E. molleri through immunohistofluorescence technic. Our results allow gaining insight into the molecular actors and mechanisms involved in the control of the light emission in Etmopterid sharks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Duchatelet
- Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Earth and Life Institute, Marine Biology Laboratory, Croix du Sud 3, 1348 Louvain-La Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Jérôme Delroisse
- University of Mons - UMONS, Research Institute for Biosciences, Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, Avenue du Champs de Mars 6, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Mallefet
- Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Earth and Life Institute, Marine Biology Laboratory, Croix du Sud 3, 1348 Louvain-La Neuve, Belgium
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Song G, Delroisse J, Schoenaers D, Kim H, Nguyen TC, Horbelt N, Leclère P, Hwang DS, Harrington MJ, Flammang P. Structure and composition of the tunic in the sea pineapple Halocynthia roretzi: A complex cellulosic composite biomaterial. Acta Biomater 2020; 111:290-301. [PMID: 32438110 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Biological organisms produce high-performance composite materials, such as bone, wood and insect cuticle, which provide inspiration for the design of novel materials. Ascidians (sea squirts) produce an organic exoskeleton, known as a tunic, which has been studied quite extensively in several species. However, currently, there are still gaps in our knowledge about the detailed structure and composition of this cellulosic biocomposite. Here, we investigate the composition and hierarchical structure of the tough tunic from the species Halocynthia roretzi, through a cross-disciplinary approach combining traditional histology, immunohistochemistry, vibrational spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force and electron microscopies. The picture emerging is that the tunic of H. roretzi is a hierarchically-structured composite of cellulose and proteins with several compositionally and structurally distinct zones. At the surface is a thin sclerotized cuticular layer with elevated composition of protein containing halogenated amino acids and cross-linked via dityrosine linkages. The fibrous layer makes up the bulk of the tunic and is comprised primarily of helicoidally-ordered crystalline cellulose fibres with a lower protein content. The subcuticular zone directly beneath the surface contains much less organized cellulose fibres. Given current efforts to utilize biorenewable cellulose sources for the sustainable production of bio-inspired composites, these insights establish the tunic of H. roretzi as an exciting new archetype for extracting relevant design principles. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Tunicates are the only animals able to produce cellulose. They use this structural polysaccharide to build an exoskeleton called a tunic. Here, we investigate the composition and hierarchical structure of the tough tunic from the sea pineapple Halocynthia roretzi through a multiscale cross-disciplinary approach. The tunic of this species is a composite of cellulose and proteins with two distinct layers. At the surface is a thin sclerotized cuticular layer with a higher protein content containing halogenated amino acids and cross-linked via dityrosine linkages. The fibrous layer makes up the bulk of the tunic and is comprised of well-ordered cellulose fibres with a lower protein content. Given current efforts to utilize cellulose to produce advanced materials, the tunic of the sea pineapple provides a striking model for the design of bio-inspired cellulosic composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonho Song
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jérôme Delroisse
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Dorian Schoenaers
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Hyungbin Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673
| | - Thai Cuong Nguyen
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center for Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Nils Horbelt
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Philippe Leclère
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center for Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673.
| | - Matthew J Harrington
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Patrick Flammang
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
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10
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Duchatelet L, Delroisse J, Pinte N, Sato K, Ho HC, Mallefet J. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate are Involved in the Control of Shark Bioluminescence. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 96:37-45. [PMID: 31441051 DOI: 10.1111/php.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Among Etmopteridae and Dalatiidae, luminous species use hormonal control to regulate bioluminescence. Melatonin (MT) triggers light emission and, conversely, alpha melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) actively reduces ongoing luminescence. Prolactin (PRL) acts differentially, triggering light emission in Etmopteridae and inhibiting it in Dalatiidae. Interestingly, these hormones are also known as regulators of skin pigment movements in vertebrates. One other hormone, the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), also members of the skin pigmentation regulators, is here pharmacologically tested on the light emission. Results show that ACTH inhibits luminescence in both families. Moreover, as MT and α-MSH/ACTH receptors are members of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family, we investigated the effect of hormonal treatments on the cAMP level of photophores through specific cAMP assays. Our results highlight the involvement of ACTH and cAMP in the control of light emission in sharks and suggest a functional similarity between skin pigment migration and luminescence control, this latter being mediated by pigment movements in the light organ-associated iris-like structure cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Duchatelet
- Marine Biology Laboratory, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Delroisse
- Research Institute for Biosciences, Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Pinte
- Marine Biology Laboratory, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Keiichi Sato
- Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium, Motobu-cho, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Hsuan-Ching Ho
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Jérôme Mallefet
- Marine Biology Laboratory, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
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11
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Lengerer B, Algrain M, Lefevre M, Delroisse J, Hennebert E, Flammang P. Interspecies comparison of sea star adhesive proteins. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20190195. [PMID: 31495313 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea stars use adhesive secretions to attach their numerous tube feet strongly and temporarily to diverse surfaces. After detachment of the tube feet, the adhesive material stays bound to the substrate as so-called 'footprints'. In the common sea star species Asterias rubens, the adhesive material has been studied extensively and the first sea star footprint protein (Sfp1) has been characterized. We identified Sfp1-like sequences in 17 additional sea star species, representing different taxa and tube foot morphologies, and analysed the evolutionary conservation of this protein. In A. rubens, we confirmed the expression of 34 footprint proteins in the tube foot adhesive epidermis, with 22 being exclusively expressed in secretory cells of the adhesive epidermis and 12 showing an additional expression in the stem epidermis. The sequences were used for BLAST searches in seven asteroid transcriptomes providing a first insight in the conservation of footprint proteins among sea stars. Our results highlighted a high conservation of the large proteins making up the structural core of the footprints, whereas smaller, potential surface-binding proteins might be more variable among sea star species. This article is part of the theme issue 'Transdisciplinary approaches to the study of adhesion and adhesives in biological systems'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Lengerer
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Morgane Algrain
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Lefevre
- Cell Biology Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Delroisse
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Elise Hennebert
- Cell Biology Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Patrick Flammang
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Unit, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
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12
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Odekunle EA, Semmens DC, Martynyuk N, Tinoco AB, Garewal AK, Patel RR, Blowes LM, Zandawala M, Delroisse J, Slade SE, Scrivens JH, Egertová M, Elphick MR. Ancient role of vasopressin/oxytocin-type neuropeptides as regulators of feeding revealed in an echinoderm. BMC Biol 2019; 17:60. [PMID: 31362737 PMCID: PMC6668147 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vasopressin/oxytocin (VP/OT)-type neuropeptides are well known for their roles as regulators of diuresis, reproductive physiology and social behaviour. However, our knowledge of their functions is largely based on findings from studies on vertebrates and selected protostomian invertebrates. Little is known about the roles of VP/OT-type neuropeptides in deuterostomian invertebrates, which are more closely related to vertebrates than protostomes. RESULTS Here, we have identified and functionally characterised a VP/OT-type signalling system comprising the neuropeptide asterotocin and its cognate G-protein coupled receptor in the starfish (sea star) Asterias rubens, a deuterostomian invertebrate belonging to the phylum Echinodermata. Analysis of the distribution of asterotocin and the asterotocin receptor in A. rubens using mRNA in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry revealed expression in the central nervous system (radial nerve cords and circumoral nerve ring), the digestive system (including the cardiac stomach) and the body wall and associated appendages. Informed by the anatomy of asterotocin signalling, in vitro pharmacological experiments revealed that asterotocin acts as a muscle relaxant in starfish, contrasting with the myotropic actions of VP/OT-type neuropeptides in vertebrates. Furthermore, in vivo injection of asterotocin had a striking effect on starfish behaviour-triggering fictive feeding where eversion of the cardiac stomach and changes in body posture resemble the unusual extra-oral feeding behaviour of starfish. CONCLUSIONS We provide a comprehensive characterisation of VP/OT-type signalling in an echinoderm, including a detailed anatomical analysis of the expression of both the VP/OT-type neuropeptide asterotocin and its cognate receptor. Our discovery that asterotocin triggers fictive feeding in starfish provides important new evidence of an evolutionarily ancient role of VP/OT-type neuropeptides as regulators of feeding in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther A. Odekunle
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Dean C. Semmens
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Nataly Martynyuk
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ UK
| | - Ana B. Tinoco
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Abdullah K. Garewal
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Radhika R. Patel
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Liisa M. Blowes
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Meet Zandawala
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Jérôme Delroisse
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS UK
- Research Institute for Biosciences, Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, University of Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Susan E. Slade
- Waters/Warwick Centre for BioMedical Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow, SK9 4AX UK
| | - James H. Scrivens
- Waters/Warwick Centre for BioMedical Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
- School of Science, Engineering & Design, Teesside University, Stephenson Street, Tees Valley, TS1 3BA UK
| | - Michaela Egertová
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Maurice R. Elphick
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS UK
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13
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Duchatelet L, Delroisse J, Flammang P, Mahillon J, Mallefet J. Etmopterus spinax, the velvet belly lanternshark, does not use bacterial luminescence. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:516-521. [PMID: 31027729 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Marine organisms are able to produce light using either their own luminous system, called intrinsic bioluminescence, or symbiotic luminous bacteria, called extrinsic bioluminescence. Among bioluminescent vertebrates, Osteichthyes are known to harbor both types of bioluminescence, while no study has so far addressed the potential use of intrinsic/extrinsic luminescence in elasmobranchs. In sharks, two families are known to emit light: Etmopteridae and Dalatiidae. The deep-sea bioluminescent Etmopteridae, Etmopterus spinax, has received a particular interest over the past fifteen years and its bioluminescence control was investigated in depth. However, the nature of the shark luminous system still remains enigmatic. The present work was undertaken to assess whether the light of this shark species originates from a bioluminescent bacterial symbiosis. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image analyses, this study supports the conclusion that the bioluminescence in the deep-sea lanternshark, Etmopterus spinax, is not of bacterial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Duchatelet
- Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Earth and Life Institute, Marine Biology Laboratory, Croix du Sud, 3, 1348, Louvain-La Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Jérôme Delroisse
- Université de Mons - UMons, Research Institute for Biosciences, Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, 23 Place du Parc, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Patrick Flammang
- Université de Mons - UMons, Research Institute for Biosciences, Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, 23 Place du Parc, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Jacques Mahillon
- Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Earth and Life Institute, Laboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Croix du Sud, 2, 1348, Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Mallefet
- Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Earth and Life Institute, Marine Biology Laboratory, Croix du Sud, 3, 1348, Louvain-La Neuve, Belgium
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14
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Delroisse J, Duchatelet L, Flammang P, Mallefet J. De novo transcriptome analyses provide insights into opsin-based photoreception in the lanternshark Etmopterus spinax. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209767. [PMID: 30596723 PMCID: PMC6312339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The velvet belly lanternshark (Etmopterus spinax) is a small deep-sea shark commonly found in the Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. This bioluminescent species is able to emit a blue-green ventral glow used in counter-illumination camouflage, mainly. In this study, paired-end Illumina HiSeqTM technology has been employed to generate transcriptome data from eye and ventral skin tissues of the lanternshark. About 64 and 49 million Illumina reads were generated from skin and eye tissues respectively. The assembly allowed us to predict 119,749 total unigenes including 94,569 for the skin transcriptome and 94,365 for the eye transcriptome while 74,753 were commonly found in both transcriptomes. A taxonomy filtering was applied to extract a reference transcriptome containing 104,390 unigenes among which 38,836 showed significant similarities to known sequences in NCBI non-redundant protein sequences database. Around 58% of the annotated unigenes match with predicted genes from the Elephant shark (Callorhinchus milii) genome. The transcriptome completeness has been evaluated by successfully capturing around 98% of orthologous genes of the « Core eukaryotic gene dataset » within the E. spinax reference transcriptome. We identified potential "light-interacting toolkit" genes including multiple genes related to ocular and extraocular light perception processes such as opsins, phototransduction actors or crystallins. Comparative gene expression analysis reveals eye-specific expression of opsins, ciliary phototransduction actors, crystallins and vertebrate retinoid pathway actors. In particular, mRNAs from a single rhodopsin gene and its potentially associated peropsin were detected in the eye transcriptome, only, confirming a monochromatic vision of the lanternshark. Encephalopsin mRNAs were mainly detected in the ventral skin transcriptome. In parallel, immunolocalization of the encephalopsin within the ventral skin of the shark suggests a functional relation with the photophores, i.e. epidermal light-producing organs. We hypothesize that extraocular photoreception might be involved in the bioluminescence control possibly acting on the shutter opening and/or the photocyte activity itself. The newly generated reference transcriptome provides a valuable resource for further understanding of the shark biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Delroisse
- University of Mons (UMONS), Research Institute for Biosciences, Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, Mons, Belgium
| | - Laurent Duchatelet
- Catholic University of Louvain (UCLouvain), Earth and Life Institute, Marine Biology Laboratory, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Patrick Flammang
- University of Mons (UMONS), Research Institute for Biosciences, Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, Mons, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Mallefet
- Catholic University of Louvain (UCLouvain), Earth and Life Institute, Marine Biology Laboratory, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
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15
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Zandawala M, Moghul I, Yañez Guerra LA, Delroisse J, Abylkassimova N, Hugall AF, O'Hara TD, Elphick MR. Discovery of novel representatives of bilaterian neuropeptide families and reconstruction of neuropeptide precursor evolution in ophiuroid echinoderms. Open Biol 2018; 7:rsob.170129. [PMID: 28878039 PMCID: PMC5627052 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are a diverse class of intercellular signalling molecules that mediate neuronal regulation of many physiological and behavioural processes. Recent advances in genome/transcriptome sequencing are enabling identification of neuropeptide precursor proteins in species from a growing variety of animal taxa, providing new insights into the evolution of neuropeptide signalling. Here, detailed analysis of transcriptome sequence data from three brittle star species, Ophionotus victoriae, Amphiura filiformis and Ophiopsila aranea, has enabled the first comprehensive identification of neuropeptide precursors in the class Ophiuroidea of the phylum Echinodermata. Representatives of over 30 bilaterian neuropeptide precursor families were identified, some of which occur as paralogues. Furthermore, homologues of endothelin/CCHamide, eclosion hormone, neuropeptide-F/Y and nucleobinin/nesfatin were discovered here in a deuterostome/echinoderm for the first time. The majority of ophiuroid neuropeptide precursors contain a single copy of a neuropeptide, but several precursors comprise multiple copies of identical or non-identical, but structurally related, neuropeptides. Here, we performed an unprecedented investigation of the evolution of neuropeptide copy number over a period of approximately 270 Myr by analysing sequence data from over 50 ophiuroid species, with reference to a robust phylogeny. Our analysis indicates that the composition of neuropeptide ‘cocktails’ is functionally important, but with plasticity over long evolutionary time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meet Zandawala
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Ismail Moghul
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Luis Alfonso Yañez Guerra
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Jérôme Delroisse
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Nikara Abylkassimova
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Andrew F Hugall
- Museums Victoria, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Timothy D O'Hara
- Museums Victoria, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Maurice R Elphick
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
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16
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Delroisse J, Ullrich-Lüter E, Blaue S, Ortega-Martinez O, Eeckhaut I, Flammang P, Mallefet J. A puzzling homology: a brittle star using a putative cnidarian-type luciferase for bioluminescence. Open Biol 2017; 7:rsob.160300. [PMID: 28381628 PMCID: PMC5413902 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence relies on the oxidation of a luciferin substrate catalysed by a luciferase enzyme. Luciferins and luciferases are generic terms used to describe a large variety of substrates and enzymes. Whereas luciferins can be shared by phylogenetically distant organisms which feed on organisms producing them, luciferases have been thought to be lineage-specific enzymes. Numerous light emission systems would then have co-emerged independently along the tree of life resulting in a plethora of non-homologous luciferases. Here, we identify for the first time a candidate luciferase of a luminous echinoderm, the ophiuroid Amphiura filiformis Phylogenomic analyses identified the brittle star predicted luciferase as homologous to the luciferase of the sea pansy Renilla (Cnidaria), contradicting with the traditional viewpoint according to which luciferases would generally be of convergent origins. The similarity between the Renilla and Amphiura luciferases allowed us to detect the latter using anti-Renilla luciferase antibodies. Luciferase expression was specifically localized in the spines which were demonstrated to be the bioluminescent organs in vivo However, enzymes homologous to the Renilla luciferase but unable to trigger light emission were also identified in non-luminous echinoderms and metazoans. Our findings strongly indicate that those enzymes, belonging to the haloalkane dehalogenase family, might then have been convergently co-opted into luciferases in cnidarians and echinoderms. In these two benthic suspension-feeding species, similar ecological pressures would constitute strong selective forces for the functional shift of these enzymes and the emergence of bioluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Delroisse
- Research Institute for Biosciences, Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Esther Ullrich-Lüter
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Blaue
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Ortega-Martinez
- Department of Marine Science, The Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences - Kristineberg, University of Gothenburg, 45178 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Igor Eeckhaut
- Research Institute for Biosciences, Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Patrick Flammang
- Research Institute for Biosciences, Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, University of Mons - UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Mallefet
- Marine Biology Laboratory, Université Catholique de Louvain, ELI, 3 Place Croix du Sud L7.04.06, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
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17
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Delroisse J, Mallefet J, Flammang P. De Novo Adult Transcriptomes of Two European Brittle Stars: Spotlight on Opsin-Based Photoreception. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152988. [PMID: 27119739 PMCID: PMC4847921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Next generation sequencing (NGS) technology allows to obtain a deeper and more complete view of transcriptomes. For non-model or emerging model marine organisms, NGS technologies offer a great opportunity for rapid access to genetic information. In this study, paired-end Illumina HiSeqTM technology has been employed to analyse transcriptomes from the arm tissues of two European brittle star species, Amphiura filiformis and Ophiopsila aranea. About 48 million Illumina reads were generated and 136,387 total unigenes were predicted from A. filiformis arm tissues. For O. aranea arm tissues, about 47 million reads were generated and 123,324 total unigenes were obtained. Twenty-four percent of the total unigenes from A. filiformis show significant matches with sequences present in reference online databases, whereas, for O. aranea, this percentage amounts to 23%. In both species, around 50% of the predicted annotated unigenes were significantly similar to transcripts from the purple sea urchin, the closest species to date that has undergone complete genome sequencing and annotation. GO, COG and KEGG analyses were performed on predicted brittle star unigenes. We focused our analyses on the phototransduction actors involved in light perception. Firstly, two new echinoderm opsins were identified in O. aranea: one rhabdomeric opsin (homologous to vertebrate melanopsin) and one RGR opsin. The RGR-opsin is supposed to be involved in retinal regeneration while the r-opsin is suspected to play a role in visual-like behaviour. Secondly, potential phototransduction actors were identified in both transcriptomes using the fly (rhabdomeric) and mammal (ciliary) classical phototransduction pathways as references. Finally, the sensitivity of O.aranea to monochromatic light was investigated to complement data available for A. filiformis. The presence of microlens-like structures at the surface of dorsal arm plate of O. aranea could potentially explain phototactic behaviour differences between the two species. The results confirm (i) the ability of these brittle stars to perceive light using opsin-based photoreception, (ii) suggest the co-occurrence of both rhabdomeric and ciliary photoreceptors, and (iii) emphasise the complexity of light perception in this echinoderm class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Delroisse
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jérôme Mallefet
- Catholic University of Louvain-La-Neuve, Marine Biology Laboratory, Place croix du Sud, Louvain-La-Neuve–Belgium
| | - Patrick Flammang
- University of Mons—UMONS, Research Institute for Biosciences, Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, Mons, Belgium
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18
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D'Aniello S, Delroisse J, Valero-Gracia A, Lowe EK, Byrne M, Cannon JT, Halanych KM, Elphick MR, Mallefet J, Kaul-Strehlow S, Lowe CJ, Flammang P, Ullrich-Lüter E, Wanninger A, Arnone MI. Opsin evolution in the Ambulacraria. Mar Genomics 2015; 24 Pt 2:177-83. [PMID: 26472700 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Opsins--G-protein coupled receptors involved in photoreception--have been extensively studied in the animal kingdom. The present work provides new insights into opsin-based photoreception and photoreceptor cell evolution with a first analysis of opsin sequence data for a major deuterostome clade, the Ambulacraria. Systematic data analysis, including for the first time hemichordate opsin sequences and an expanded echinoderm dataset, led to a robust opsin phylogeny for this cornerstone superphylum. Multiple genomic and transcriptomic resources were surveyed to cover each class of Hemichordata and Echinodermata. In total, 119 ambulacrarian opsin sequences were found, 22 new sequences in hemichordates and 97 in echinoderms (including 67 new sequences). We framed the ambulacrarian opsin repertoire within eumetazoan diversity by including selected reference opsins from non-ambulacrarians. Our findings corroborate the presence of all major ancestral bilaterian opsin groups in Ambulacraria. Furthermore, we identified two opsin groups specific to echinoderms. In conclusion, a molecular phylogenetic framework for investigating light-perception and photobiological behaviors in marine deuterostomes has been obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D'Aniello
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - J Delroisse
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Avenue du Champs de Mars 6, 7000 Mons, Belgium; School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - A Valero-Gracia
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - E K Lowe
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - M Byrne
- Schools of Medical and Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J T Cannon
- Department of Biological Sciences and Molette Biology Laboratory for Environmental and Climate Change Studies, Auburn University, Auburn, USA; Department of Zoology, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden; Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA
| | - K M Halanych
- Department of Biological Sciences and Molette Biology Laboratory for Environmental and Climate Change Studies, Auburn University, Auburn, USA
| | - M R Elphick
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - J Mallefet
- Laboratory of Marine Biology, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Place Croix du Sud 3, bt L7.06.04, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - S Kaul-Strehlow
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Development, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - C J Lowe
- Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - P Flammang
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Avenue du Champs de Mars 6, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - E Ullrich-Lüter
- Museum fuer Naturkunde Berlin, Invalidenstr 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Wanninger
- Department of Integrative Zoology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - M I Arnone
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
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Delroisse J, Ortega-Martinez O, Dupont S, Mallefet J, Flammang P. De novo transcriptome of the European brittle star Amphiura filiformis pluteus larvae. Mar Genomics 2015; 23:109-21. [PMID: 26044617 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In non-classical model species, Next Generation Sequencing increases the ability to analyze the expression of transcripts/genes. In this study, paired-end Illumina HiSeq sequencing technology has been employed to describe a larval transcriptome generated from 64 h post-fertilization pluteus larvae of the brittle star Amphiura filiformis. We focused our analysis on the detection of actors involved in the opsin based light perception, respectively the opsins and the phototransduction actors. METHODS & RESULTS In this research, about 47 million high quality reads were generated and 86,572 total unigenes were predicted after de novo assembly. Of all the larval unigenes, 18% show significant matches with reference online databases. 46% of annotated larval unigenes were significantly similar to transcripts from the purple sea urchin. COG, GO and KEGG analyses were performed on predicted unigenes. Regarding the opsin-based photoreception process, even if possible actors of ciliary and rhabdomeric phototransduction cascades were detected, no ciliary or rhabdomeric opsin was identified in these larvae. Additionally, partial non-visual RGR (retinal G protein coupled receptor) opsin mRNAs were identified,possibly indicating the presence of visual cycle reaction in early pluteus larvae. The eye morphogene Pax 6 was also identified in the pluteus transcriptome. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to sea-urchin larvae, brittle star larvae appear to be characterized by an absence of visual-like opsins. These RNA-seq data also provide a useful resource for the echinoderm research community and researchers with an interest in larval biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Delroisse
- University of Mons - UMONS, Research Institute for Biosciences, Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - Olga Ortega-Martinez
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, The Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences, Kristineberg, 45178 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden.
| | - Sam Dupont
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, The Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences, Kristineberg, 45178 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden.
| | - Jérôme Mallefet
- Catholic University of Louvain-La-Neuve, Marine Biology Laboratory, Place croix du Sud, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Patrick Flammang
- University of Mons - UMONS, Research Institute for Biosciences, Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
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Delroisse J, Ullrich-Lüter E, Ortega-Martinez O, Dupont S, Arnone MI, Mallefet J, Flammang P. High opsin diversity in a non-visual infaunal brittle star. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1035. [PMID: 25429842 PMCID: PMC4289182 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In metazoans, opsins are photosensitive proteins involved in both vision and non-visual photoreception. Echinoderms have no well-defined eyes but several opsin genes were found in the purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) genome. Molecular data are lacking for other echinoderm classes although many species are known to be light sensitive. RESULTS In this study focused on the European brittle star Amphiura filiformis, we first highlighted a blue-green light sensitivity using a behavioural approach. We then identified 13 new putative opsin genes against eight bona fide opsin genes in the genome of S. purpuratus. Six opsins were included in the rhabdomeric opsin group (r-opsins). In addition, one putative ciliary opsin (c-opsin), showing high similarity with the c-opsin of S. purpuratus (Sp-opsin 1), one Go opsin similar to Sp-opsins 3.1 and 3.2, two basal-branch opsins similar to Sp-opsins 2 and 5, and two neuropsins similar to Sp-opsin 8, were identified. Finally, two sequences from one putative RGR opsin similar to Sp-opsin 7 were also detected. Adult arm transcriptome analysis pinpointed opsin mRNAs corresponding to one r-opsin, one neuropsin and the homologue of Sp-opsin 2. Opsin phylogeny was determined by maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. Using antibodies designed against c- and r-opsins from S. purpuratus, we detected putative photoreceptor cells mainly in spines and tube feet of A. filiformis, respectively. The r-opsin expression pattern is similar to the one reported in S. purpuratus with cells labelled at the tip and at the base of the tube feet. In addition, r-opsin positive cells were also identified in the radial nerve of the arm. C-opsins positive cells, expressed in pedicellariae, spines, tube feet and epidermis in S. purpuratus were observed at the level of the spine stroma in the brittle star. CONCLUSION Light perception in A. filiformis seems to be mediated by opsins (c- and r-) in, at least, spines, tube feet and in the radial nerve cord. Other non-visual opsin types could participate to the light perception process indicating a complex expression pattern of opsins in this infaunal brittle star.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Delroisse
- />Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Avenue du Champs de Mars 6, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | | | - Olga Ortega-Martinez
- />Department of Biological and Environmental Science, The Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences – Kristineberg, University of Gothenburg, 45178 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Sam Dupont
- />Department of Biological and Environmental Science, The Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences – Kristineberg, University of Gothenburg, 45178 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Maria-Ina Arnone
- />Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Jérôme Mallefet
- />Laboratory of Marine Biology, Earth and Life Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Place Croix du Sud 3, bt L7.06.04, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Patrick Flammang
- />Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Avenue du Champs de Mars 6, 7000 Mons, Belgium
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Renwart M, Delroisse J, Claes JM, Mallefet J. Ultrastructural organization of lantern shark (Etmopterus spinax Linnaeus, 1758) photophores. ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-014-0230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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