51
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Bue M, Hanberg P, Thomassen MB, Tøttrup M, Thillemann TM, Søballe K, Birke-Sørensen H. Microdialysis for the Assessment of Intervertebral Disc and Vertebral Cancellous Bone Metabolism in a Large Porcine Model. In Vivo 2020; 34:527-532. [PMID: 32111750 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM It remains challenging to evaluate the in vivo pathophysiological biochemical characteristics in spine tissue, due to lack of an applicable model and feasible methods. The aim of this study was to apply microdialysis for the assessment of basic metabolites from the C3-C4 intervertebral disc, C3 vertebral cancellous bone and subcutaneous adipose tissue in a large porcine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 7 pigs, glucose, pyruvate, lactate and glycerol concentrations were evaluated in an 8-hour sampling period. RESULTS The mean lactate/pyruvate (L/P) ratios for the intervertebral disc and vertebral cancellous bone were comparable and exceeded the ischemic cut-off value of 25 for the entire sampling interval. For subcutaneous adipose tissue, the L/P ratio was below the ischemic cut-off. CONCLUSION This exploratory study confirms previous findings of ischemia in bone and the intervertebral disc. This encourages new microdialysis study designs in spine tissue employing large porcine models to create new knowledge and a greater understanding of the metabolism and pathogenesis in spine tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Bue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Horsens Regional Hospital, Horsens, Denmark .,Orthopaedic Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pelle Hanberg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Horsens Regional Hospital, Horsens, Denmark.,Orthopaedic Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maja B Thomassen
- Orthopaedic Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Tøttrup
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Farsø, Denmark
| | - Theis M Thillemann
- Orthopaedic Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Søballe
- Orthopaedic Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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52
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Kelly RR, Sidles SJ, LaRue AC. Effects of Neurological Disorders on Bone Health. Front Psychol 2020; 11:612366. [PMID: 33424724 PMCID: PMC7793932 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.612366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases, particularly in the context of aging, have serious impacts on quality of life and can negatively affect bone health. The brain-bone axis is critically important for skeletal metabolism, sensory innervation, and endocrine cross-talk between these organs. This review discusses current evidence for the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which various neurological disease categories, including autoimmune, developmental, dementia-related, movement, neuromuscular, stroke, trauma, and psychological, impart changes in bone homeostasis and mass, as well as fracture risk. Likewise, how bone may affect neurological function is discussed. Gaining a better understanding of brain-bone interactions, particularly in patients with underlying neurological disorders, may lead to development of novel therapies and discovery of shared risk factors, as well as highlight the need for broad, whole-health clinical approaches toward treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R. Kelly
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Sara J. Sidles
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Amanda C. LaRue
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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53
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Hendriks M, Ramasamy SK. Blood Vessels and Vascular Niches in Bone Development and Physiological Remodeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:602278. [PMID: 33330496 PMCID: PMC7729063 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.602278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of blood vessels and vascular niches in bone convey their critical importance in regulating bone development and physiology. The contribution of blood vessels in bone functions and remodeling has recently gained enormous interest because of their therapeutic potential. The mammalian skeletal system performs multiple functions in the body to regulate growth, homeostasis and metabolism. Blood vessels provide support to various cell types in bone and maintain functional niches in the bone marrow microenvironment. Heterogeneity within blood vessels and niches indicate the importance of specialized vascular niches in regulating skeletal functions. In this review, we discuss physiology of bone vasculature and their specialized niches for hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal progenitor cells. We provide clinical and experimental information available on blood vessels during physiological bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Hendriks
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saravana K. Ramasamy
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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54
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Chen J, Hendriks M, Chatzis A, Ramasamy SK, Kusumbe AP. Bone Vasculature and Bone Marrow Vascular Niches in Health and Disease. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:2103-2120. [PMID: 32845550 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone vasculature and bone marrow vascular niches supply oxygen, nutrients, and secrete angiocrine factors required for the survival, maintenance, and self-renewal of stem and progenitor cells. In the skeletal system, vasculature creates nurturing niches for bone and blood-forming stem cells. Blood vessels regulate hematopoiesis and drive bone formation during development, repair, and regeneration. Dysfunctional vascular niches induce skeletal aging, bone diseases, and hematological disorders. Recent cellular and molecular characterization of the bone marrow microenvironment has provided unprecedented insights into the complexity, heterogeneity, and functions of the bone vasculature and vascular niches. The bone vasculature is composed of distinct vessel subtypes that differentially regulate osteogenesis, hematopoiesis, and disease conditions in bones. Further, bone marrow vascular niches supporting stem cells are often complex microenvironments involving multiple different cell populations and vessel subtypes. This review provides an overview of the emerging vascular cell heterogeneity in bone and the new roles of the bone vasculature and associated vascular niches in health and disease. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Chen
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michelle Hendriks
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandros Chatzis
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Saravana K Ramasamy
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anjali P Kusumbe
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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55
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Huang T, Tworoger SS, Redline S, Curhan GC, Paik JM. Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Risk for Incident Vertebral and Hip Fracture in Women. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:2143-2150. [PMID: 32909307 PMCID: PMC7719618 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest a positive association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a disorder associated with intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, and derangements in bone metabolism. However, no prospective study to date has investigated the association between OSA and fracture risk in women. We conducted a prospective study examining the relation between OSA and risk of incident vertebral fracture (VF) and hip fracture (HF) in the Nurses' Health Study. History of physician-diagnosed OSA was assessed by self-reported questionnaires. A previous validation study demonstrated high concordance between self-reports and medical record identification of OSA. OSA severity was further categorized according to the presence or absence of self-reported sleepiness. Self-reports of VF were confirmed by medical record review. Self-reported HF was assessed by biennial questionnaires. Cox proportional-hazards models estimated the hazard ratio for fracture according to OSA status, adjusted for potential confounders, including BMI, physical activity, calcium intake, history of osteoporosis, and falls, and use of sleep medications. Among 55,264 women without prior history of fracture, physician-diagnosed OSA was self-reported in 1.3% in 2002 and increased to 3.3% by 2012. Between 2002 and 2014, 461 incident VF cases and 921 incident HF cases were documented. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for confirmed VF for women with history of OSA was 2.00 (95% CI, 1.29-3.12) compared with no OSA history, with the strongest association observed for OSA with daytime sleepiness (HR 2.86; 95% CI, 1.31-6.21). No association was observed between OSA history and self-reported HF risk (HR 0.83; 95% CI, 0.49-1.43). History of OSA is independently associated with higher risk of confirmed VF but did not have a statistically significant association with self-reported HF in women. Further research is warranted in understanding the role of OSA and intermittent hypoxia in bone metabolism and health that may differ by fracture site. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Huang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary C Curhan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie M Paik
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,New England Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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56
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Gelli R, Di Pompo G, Graziani G, Avnet S, Baldini N, Baglioni P, Ridi F. Unravelling the Effect of Citrate on the Features and Biocompatibility of Magnesium Phosphate-Based Bone Cements. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5538-5548. [PMID: 33320576 PMCID: PMC8011797 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In
the framework of new materials for orthopedic applications,
Magnesium Phosphate-based Cements (MPCs) are currently the focus of
active research in biomedicine, given their promising features; in
this field, the loading of MPCs with active molecules to be released
in the proximity of newly forming bone could represent an innovative
approach to enhance the in vivo performances of the biomaterial. In
this work, we describe the preparation and characterization of MPCs
containing citrate, an ion naturally present in bone which presents
beneficial effects when released in the proximity of newly forming
bone tissue. The cements were characterized in terms of handling properties,
setting time, mechanical properties, crystallinity, and microstructure,
so as to unravel the effect of citrate concentration on the features
of the material. Upon incubation in aqueous media, we demonstrated
that citrate could be successfully released from the cements, while
contributing to the alkalinization of the surroundings. The cytotoxicity
of the materials toward human fibroblasts was also tested, revealing
the importance of a fine modulation of released citrate to guarantee
the biocompatibility of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Gelli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gemma Di Pompo
- BST Biomedical Science and Technologies Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriela Graziani
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology (NaBi), IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Avnet
- BST Biomedical Science and Technologies Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- BST Biomedical Science and Technologies Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesca Ridi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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57
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Patel JJ, Bourne LE, Thakur S, Farrington K, Gorog DA, Orriss IR, Baydoun AR. 2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid inhibits vascular calcification via induction of glutathione synthesis. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2696-2705. [PMID: 32918744 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Arterial medial calcification (AMC), the deposition of hydroxyapatite in the medial layer of the arteries, is a known risk factor for cardiovascular events. Oxidative stress is a known inducer of AMC and endogenous antioxidants, such as glutathione (GSH), may prevent calcification. GSH synthesis, however, can be limited by cysteine levels. Therefore, we assessed the effects of the cysteine prodrug 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTC), on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification to ascertain its therapeutic potential. Human aortic VSMCs were cultured in basal or mineralising medium (1 mM calcium chloride/sodium phosphate) and treated with OTC (1-5 mM) for 7 days. Cell-based assays and western blot analysis were performed to assess cell differentiation and function. OTC inhibited calcification ≤90%, which was associated with increased ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase activity, and reduced apoptosis. In calcifying cells, OTC downregulated protein expression of osteoblast markers (Runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteopontin), while maintaining expression of VSMC markers (smooth muscle protein 22α and α-smooth muscle actin). GSH levels were significantly reduced by 90% in VSMCs cultured in calcifying conditions, which was associated with declines in expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and GSH synthetase. Treatment of calcifying cells with OTC blocked the reduction in expression of both enzymes and prevented the decline in GSH. This study shows OTC to be a potent and effective inhibitor of in vitro VSMC calcification. It appears to maintain GSH synthesis which may, in turn, prevent apoptosis and VSMCs gaining osteoblast-like characteristics. These findings may be of clinical relevance and raise the possibility that treatment with OTC could benefit patients susceptible to AMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessal J Patel
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Lucie E Bourne
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Shori Thakur
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Ken Farrington
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.,East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Diana A Gorog
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.,East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Hertfordshire, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK
| | - Isabel R Orriss
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Anwar R Baydoun
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.,Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
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58
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Hannah SS, McFadden S, McNeilly A, McClean C. "Take My Bone Away?" Hypoxia and bone: A narrative review. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:721-740. [PMID: 32643217 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To maintain normal cellular and physiological function, sufficient oxygen is required. Recently, evidence has suggested that hypoxia, either pathological or environmental, may influence bone health. It appears that bone cells are distinctly responsive to hypoxic stimuli; for better or worse, this is still yet to be elucidated. Hypoxia has been shown to offer potentially therapeutic effects for bone by inducing an osteogenic-angiogenic response, although, others have noted excessive osteoclastic bone resorption instead. Much evidence suggests that the hypoxic-inducible pathway is integral in mediating the changes in bone metabolism. Furthermore, many factors associated with hypoxia including changes in energy metabolism, acid-base balance and the increased generation of reactive oxygen species, are known to influence bone metabolism. This review aims to examine some of the putative mechanisms responsible for hypoxic-induced alterations of bone metabolism, with regard to osteoclasts and osteoblasts, both positive and negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott S Hannah
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Antrim, UK
| | - Sonyia McFadden
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Antrim, UK
| | - Andrea McNeilly
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Antrim, UK
| | - Conor McClean
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Antrim, UK
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59
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Rotondi O, Waldon P, Kim SG. The Disease Process, Diagnosis and Treatment of Invasive Cervical Resorption: A Review. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:dj8030064. [PMID: 32630223 PMCID: PMC7557762 DOI: 10.3390/dj8030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive cervical resorption (ICR) is a localized, subepithelial, supra-osseous resorptive process of the tooth. Although there are several predisposing factors associated with ICR, its etiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. The damage to the protective layer on the external root surface appears to allow for the attachment of clastic cells and initiate the resorptive process, which is confined by the inner protective pericanalar resorption-resistant sheet surrounding the root canal space. The use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is recommended for the diagnosis and assessment of a resorptive lesion. Based on the thorough evaluation of the size and location of the ICR lesion using CBCT, surgical or nonsurgical treatment can be chosen to address the source of the resorption. This review discusses the current status of knowledge regarding the biology of ICR lesions as well as their external or internal treatment using hydraulic calcium silicate-based materials. Future clinical outcome studies are necessary to evaluate the impact of hydraulic calcium silicate-based materials on the healing of ICR lesions.
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60
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Tiedemann K, Hussein O, Komarova SV. Role of Altered Metabolic Microenvironment in Osteolytic Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:435. [PMID: 32582711 PMCID: PMC7290111 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic bone disease is generally incurable and leads to pathological fractures, pain, hypercalcemia, spinal cord compression and decreased mobility. The skeleton is the major site of bone metastases from solid cancers, including breast and prostate carcinoma. Bone metastasis is facilitated by activation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts, terminally differentiated multinucleated cells formed by fusion from monocytic precursors. Cancer cells are known to produce specific factors that stimulate osteoclast differentiation and function. Of interest, cancer cells are also known to alter their own bioenergetics increasing the use of glycolysis for their survival and function. Such change in energy utilization by cancer cells would result in altered levels of cell-permeable metabolites, including glucose, lactate, and pyruvate. Osteoclast resorption is energy-expensive, and we have previously demonstrated that during differentiation osteoclasts actively adapt to their bioenergetics microenvironment. We hypothesize that altered bioenergetics state of cancer cells will also modify the bioenergetics substrate availability for the tissue-resident bone cells, potentially creating a favorable milieu for pathological osteolysis. The goals of this review are to analyze how metastasizing cancer cells change the availability of energy substrates in bone microenvironment; and to assess how the altered bioenergetics may affect osteoclast differentiation and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Tiedemann
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Shriners Hospitals for Children - Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Osama Hussein
- Department of Surgery, Mansoura University Cancer Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Svetlana V Komarova
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Shriners Hospitals for Children - Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
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61
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Loncar G, Cvetinovic N, Lainscak M, Isaković A, von Haehling S. Bone in heart failure. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:381-393. [PMID: 32087616 PMCID: PMC7113538 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in osteoporosis and reduced bone mineral density affecting not only post-menopausal women but also men, particularly with coexisting chronic diseases. Bone status in patients with stable chronic heart failure (HF) has been rarely studied so far. HF and osteoporosis are highly prevalent aging-related syndromes that exact a huge impact on society. Both disorders are common causes of loss of function and independence, and of prolonged hospitalizations, presenting a heavy burden on the health care system. The most devastating complication of osteoporosis is hip fracture, which is associated with high mortality risk and among those who survive, leads to a loss of function and independence often necessitating admission to long-term care. Current HF guidelines do not suggest screening methods or patient education in terms of osteoporosis or osteoporotic fracture. This review may serve as a solid base to discuss the need for bone health evaluation in HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Loncar
- Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases Dedinje, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Natasa Cvetinovic
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Hospital Center 'Dr. Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje', Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mitja Lainscak
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Murska Sobota, Murska Sobota, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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62
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Rothe R, Schulze S, Neuber C, Hauser S, Rammelt S, Pietzsch J. Adjuvant drug-assisted bone healing: Part II - Modulation of angiogenesis. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 73:409-438. [PMID: 31177206 DOI: 10.3233/ch-199103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of critical-size bone defects following complicated fractures, infections or tumor resections is a major challenge. The same applies to fractures in patients with impaired bone healing due to systemic inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Despite considerable progress in development and establishment of new surgical techniques, design of bone graft substitutes and imaging techniques, these scenarios still represent unresolved clinical problems. However, the development of new active substances offers novel potential solutions for these issues. This work discusses therapeutic approaches that influence angiogenesis or hypoxic situations in healing bone and surrounding tissue. In particular, literature on sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators and nitric oxide (NO•) donors, including bi-functional (hybrid) compounds like NO•-releasing cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, was critically reviewed with regard to their local and systemic mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rothe
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Schulze
- University Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Hauser
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Rammelt
- University Center of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Tatzberg 4, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden, Germany
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63
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Assessment of Cytotoxicity of Magnesium Oxide and Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles using the Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10062114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg)-based alloys have the potential for bone repair due to their properties of biodegradation, biocompatibility, and structural stability, which can eliminate the requirement for a second surgery for the removal of the implant. Nevertheless, uncontrolled degradation rate and possible cytotoxicity of the corrosion products at the implant sites are known current challenges for clinical applications. In this study, we assessed in vitro cytotoxicity of different concentrations (0 to 50 mM) of possible corrosion products in the form of magnesium oxide (MgO) and magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) nanoparticles (NPs) in human fetal osteoblast (hFOB) 1.19 cells. We measured cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and cytotoxicity using a real-time, label-free, non-invasive electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) system. Our results suggest that 1 mM concentrations of MgO/Mg(OH)2 NPs are tolerable in hFOB 1.19 cells. Based on our findings, we propose the development of innovative biodegradable Mg-based alloys for further in vivo animal testing and clinical trials in orthopedics.
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Abstract
Skeletal involvement is a frequent and troublesome complication in advanced cancers. In the process of tumor cells homing to the skeleton to form bone metastases (BM), different mechanisms allow tumor cells to interact with cells of the bone microenvironment and seed in the bone tissue. Among these, tumor acidosis has been directly associated with tumor invasion and aggressiveness in several types of cancer although it has been less explored in the context of BM. In bone, the association of local acidosis and cancer invasiveness is even more important for tumor expansion since the extracellular matrix is formed by both organic and hard inorganic matrices and bone cells are used to sense protons and adapt or react to a low pH to maintain tissue homeostasis. In the BM microenvironment, increased concentration of protons may derive not only from glycolytic tumor cells but also from tumor-induced osteoclasts, the bone-resorbing cells, and may influence the progression or symptoms of BM in many different ways, by directly enhancing cancer cell motility and aggressiveness, or by modulating the functions of bone cells versus a pro-tumorigenic phenotype, or by inducing bone pain. In this review, we will describe and discuss the cause of acidosis in BM, its role in BM microenvironment, and which are the final effectors that may be targeted to treat metastatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Avnet
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gemma Di Pompo
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Lemma
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40123, Bologna, Italy
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Honda A, Kon M, Matsubayashi T, Suzuki Y. Short-Term Intermittent Hypoxic Resistance Training Does Not Impair Osteogenic Response in Sea Level Residents. High Alt Med Biol 2020; 21:160-166. [PMID: 32013568 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2019.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteogenic responses induced by training under hypoxia remain unclear. We aimed to investigate whether intermittent hypoxic resistance training affects osteogenic responses. Materials and Methods: Sixteen male participants underwent resistance training under normoxia (NRT; n = 7) or hypoxia (HRT; O2 = 14.4%, n = 9), twice a week for 8 weeks. The HRT group exercised and rested for 30 minutes under hypoxia, with total hypoxic exposure time in one session of ∼60 minutes. At pre- and postexperiment, bone mineral density (BMD) of the whole body and right proximal femur was measured. At the first and last training sessions, bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin (OC), cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx), type I collagen cross-linked C-telopeptide (ICTP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and blood lactate (La) concentration were analyzed at rest and postexercise. Results: BMD did not change with training and hypoxia. Although BAP, OC, and ICTP levels at rest significantly increased with training (p < 0.01, 0.05, and 0.05, respectively), they did not change with hypoxia. NTx and IL-6 did not change. Additionally, changing patterns of bone markers and La induced by a single bout of exercise were similar among groups in both training sessions. Conclusions: Short-term resistance training enhanced overall bone metabolism, regardless of the oxygen level. Hypoxia has no effects on osteogenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Honda
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Asahi University, Mizuho, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kon
- School of International Liberal Studies, Chukyo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeo Matsubayashi
- Department of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Kita-ku, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Kita-ku, Japan
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Zhang Y, Qian X, Yang X, Niu R, Song S, Zhu F, Zhu C, Peng X, Chen F. ASIC1a induces synovial inflammation via the Ca 2+/NFATc3/ RANTES pathway. Theranostics 2020; 10:247-264. [PMID: 31903118 PMCID: PMC6929608 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Synovial inflammation is one of the main pathological features of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is a key factor leading to the progression of RA. Understanding the regulatory mechanism of synovial inflammation is crucial for the treatment of RA. Acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) is an H+-gated cation channel that promotes the progression of RA, but the role of ASIC1a in synovial inflammation is unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether ASIC1a is involved in the synovial inflammation and explore the underlying mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The expression of ASIC1a and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATs) were analyzed by Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry both in vitro and in vivo. The Ca2+ influx mediated by ASIC1a was detected by calcium imaging and flow cytometry. The role of ASIC1a in inflammation was studied in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA). Inflammatory cytokine profile was analyzed by protein chip in RA synovial fibroblasts (RASF) and verified by a magnetic multi-cytokine assay and ELISA. The NFATc3-regulated RANTES (Regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) gene transcription was investigated by ChIP-qPCR and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results: The expression of ASIC1a was significantly increased in human RA synovial tissues and primary human RASF as well as in ankle synovium of AA rats. Activated ASIC1a mediated Ca2+ influx to increase [Ca2+]i in RASF. The activation/overexpression of ASIC1a in RASF up-regulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines RANTES, sTNF RI, MIP-1a, IL-8, sTNF RII, and ICAM-1 among which RANTES was increased most remarkably. In vivo, ASIC1a promoted inflammation, synovial hyperplasia, articular cartilage, and bone destruction, leading to the progression of AA. Furthermore, activation of ASIC1a upregulated the nuclear translocation of NFATc3, which bound to RANTES promoter and directly regulated gene transcription to enhance RANTES expression. Conclusion: ASIC1a induces synovial inflammation, which leads to the progression of RA. Our study reveals a novel RA inflammation regulatory mechanism and indicates that ASIC1a might be a potential therapeutic target for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xuewen Qian
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ruowen Niu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Sujing Song
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chuanjun Zhu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiaoqing Peng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Feihu Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
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Niimi T. Roles of Slit Ligands and Their Roundabout (Robo) Family of Receptors in Bone Remodeling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 21:143-154. [PMID: 32986130 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Slit guidance ligands (Slits) and their roundabout (Robo) family of receptors are well-known axon guidance molecules that were originally identified in Drosophila mutants with commissural axon pathfinding defects. However, Slit-Robo signaling has been shown to be involved in not only neurogenesis, but also the development of other organs such as the kidney and heart. Recently, it was also revealed that Slit-Robo signaling plays an important role in bone metabolism. For example, osteoclast-derived Slit3 plays an osteoprotective role by synchronously stimulating bone formation by osteoblasts and suppressing bone resorption by osteoclasts through Robo receptors expressed on osteoblastic and osteoclastic cell lineages, making it a potential therapeutic target for metabolic bone disorders. Furthermore, osteoblast-derived Slit3 promotes bone formation indirectly as a proangiogenic factor. This review summarizes the recent progress on defining the roles of the Slit-Robo signaling in bone metabolism, and discusses the possible roles of the interaction between Robo and neural epidermal growth factor-like (NEL)-like (NELL) proteins that are novel ligands for Robo receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Niimi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
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ASIC1a promotes synovial invasion of rheumatoid arthritis via Ca 2+/Rac1 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 79:106089. [PMID: 31865241 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Acid-sensitive ion channels (ASICs) as Ca2+ and Na+ cation channels are activated by changing in extracellular pH, which expressed in various diseases and participated in underlying pathogenesis. ASIC1a is involved in migration and invasion of various tumor cells. Rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs) located at the edge of the synovium were identified as key players in the pathophysiological process of rheumatoid arthritis and reported to have many similar properties to tumor cells. Here, we investigated the roles of ASIC1a in synovial invasion in vivo and the migration and invasion of RA-FLSs in vitro. Our results showed ASIC1a highly expressed in RA synovial tissues and RA-FLSs. Inhibition of ASIC1a by PCTX-1 reduces synovial invasion and the expressions of MMP2, MMP9, p-FAK to protect articular cartilage in AA rats. Moreover, the acidity-promoted invasion and migration as well as the expressions of MMP2, MMP9, p-FAK of RA-FLSs were down-regulated by ASIC1a-RNAi and PCTX-1 while they were increased by overexpression-ASIC1a. ASIC1a mediated Ca2+ influx and the activation of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1(Rac1), which was decreased by the intracellular calcium chelating agent BAPTA-AM. Meanwhile, the migration and invasion as well as the expressions of MMP2, MMP9, p-FAK of RA-FLSs were decreased by Rac1 specific blocker NSC23766. In conclusion, this study indicated that ASIC1a may be a master regulator of synovial invasion via Ca2+/Rac1 pathway.
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Kovacova V, Sarocka A, Blahova J, Sranko P, Omelka R, Galbavy D, Kolesarova A, Martiniakova M. Long-term peroral administration of bitter apricot seeds influences cortical bone microstructure of rabbits. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:362-370. [PMID: 31724244 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Apricot seeds due to the presence of cyanogenic glycoside amygdalin belong to the popular "alternative cancer cures", although anticancer effect of amygdalin remains controversial. This in vivo study points to the effect of long-term peroral administration of bitter apricot seeds on bone microstructure of rabbits since chronic amygdalin toxicity in relation to bone parameters has not been investigated yet. Rabbits (n = 16) were randomly divided into four experimental groups of 4 animals each. Three experimental groups S1, S2 and S3 received commercial feed for rabbits mixed with crushed bitter apricot seeds at doses 60, 300 and 420 mg/kg bw during five months, respectively. The control (C) group received no apricot seeds. The long-term consumption of apricot seeds had no impact on total body weight, femoral weight and femoral length of rabbits. Also, microcomputed tomography (3D analysis) of cortical and trabecular bone tissues did not reveal any significant impact of amygdalin toxicity on relative bone volume, BMD, cortical bone thickness, bone surface, trabecular number, thickness, and their separation. On the other hand, histological (2D) analysis demonstrated evident changes in cortical bone microstructure consistent with a decreased density of secondary osteons in the middle part of substantia compacta due to a replacement of Haversian bone tissue by plexiform bone tissue, vasoconstriction in the primary osteons' vascular canals, Haversian canals, and decreased sizes of secondary osteons in rabbits from S1, S2 and S3 groups. These negative changes are associated with different vascularization and biomechanical properties of cortical bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kovacova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Anna Sarocka
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Blahova
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Patrik Sranko
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Radoslav Omelka
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Adriana Kolesarova
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Martiniakova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic
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Granchi D, Baldini N, Ulivieri FM, Caudarella R. Role of Citrate in Pathophysiology and Medical Management of Bone Diseases. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2576. [PMID: 31731473 PMCID: PMC6893553 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrate is an intermediate in the "Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle" and is used by all aerobic organisms to produce usable chemical energy. It is a derivative of citric acid, a weak organic acid which can be introduced with diet since it naturally exists in a variety of fruits and vegetables, and can be consumed as a dietary supplement. The close association between this compound and bone was pointed out for the first time by Dickens in 1941, who showed that approximately 90% of the citrate bulk of the human body resides in mineralised tissues. Since then, the number of published articles has increased exponentially, and considerable progress in understanding how citrate is involved in bone metabolism has been made. This review summarises current knowledge regarding the role of citrate in the pathophysiology and medical management of bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Granchi
- Laboratory for Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Laboratory for Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Via Pupilli 1, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Massimo Ulivieri
- Nuclear Medicine, Bone Metabolic Unit, IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F.Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy;
| | - Renata Caudarella
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, Via Corriera 1, 48033 Cotignola (RA), Italy;
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In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Possible Corrosion Products from Mg-Based Biodegradable Metals: Magnesium Oxide and Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9204304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable magnesium (Mg) alloys have potential applications in orthopedic implants due to their mechanical and osseointegration properties. However, the surface characteristics, biocompatibility, and toxicity of the released corrosion products in the form of magnesium oxide (MgO) and magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) nanoparticles (NPs) at the junction of implants and in the surrounding tissue are not completely understood. Here, we investigated in vitro cytotoxicity and morphological changes in human fetal osteoblast (hFOB) 1.19 cells in response to various concentrations (1 mM, 5 mM, 10 mM, and 50 mM) of MgO/Mg(OH)2 NPs by live/dead assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this study, we performed a surface characterization of MgO/Mg(OH)2 NPs to evaluate the size of the NPs. Further, an immersion test was performed in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) with randomly selected various concentrations (1 mM, 5 mM, 10 mM, 50 mM, and 100 mM) of MgO/Mg(OH)2 NPs to understand the degradation behavior of the NPs, and the change in the pH values from days 1 to 7 was measured. After conducting an immersion test for seven days, the highest concentration (100 mM) of MgO/Mg(OH)2 NPs was selected to study the element depositions on nanoparticles through scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX) mapping. The results from this in vitro cytotoxicity study suggest that less than or equal to 5-mM concentrations of MgO/Mg(OH)2 NPs are tolerable concentrations for hFOB 1.19 cells. This study provides a foundational knowledge of MgO/Mg(OH)2 NP cytotoxicity in hFOB 1.19 cells that can help to develop future sustainable biodegradable magnesium-based alloys for orthopedic applications.
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Jin J, Bakker AD, Wu G, Klein-Nulend J, Jaspers RT. Physicochemical Niche Conditions and Mechanosensing by Osteocytes and Myocytes. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2019; 17:235-249. [PMID: 31428977 PMCID: PMC6817749 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-019-00522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone and muscle mass increase in response to mechanical loading and biochemical cues. Bone-forming osteoblasts differentiate into early osteocytes which ultimately mature into late osteocytes encapsulated in stiff calcified matrix. Increased muscle mass originates from muscle stem cells (MuSCs) enclosed between their plasma membrane and basal lamina. Stem cell fate and function are strongly determined by physical and chemical properties of their microenvironment, i.e., the cell niche. RECENT FINDINGS The cellular niche is a three-dimensional structure consisting of extracellular matrix components, signaling molecules, and/or other cells. Via mechanical interaction with their niche, osteocytes and MuSCs are subjected to mechanical loads causing deformations of membrane, cytoskeleton, and/or nucleus, which elicit biochemical responses and secretion of signaling molecules into the niche. The latter may modulate metabolism, morphology, and mechanosensitivity of the secreting cells, or signal to neighboring cells and cells at a distance. Little is known about how mechanical loading of bone and muscle tissue affects osteocytes and MuSCs within their niches. This review provides an overview of physicochemical niche conditions of (early) osteocytes and MuSCs and how these are sensed and determine cell fate and function. Moreover, we discuss how state-of-the-art imaging techniques may enhance our understanding of these conditions and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Jin
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid D Bakker
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenneke Klein-Nulend
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard T Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Kim HS, Park HM, Lee HS, Lee YJ. Hemoglobin levels and low bone mineral density in non-anemic older adults: Secondary analysis of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Exp Gerontol 2019; 126:110706. [PMID: 31442611 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although, previous studies have reported a positive association between hemoglobin levels and bone mineral density (BMD), the majority of the studies were limited in patients with chronic hypoxemic conditions and findings concerning the association among non-anemic populations are inconclusive. We aimed to examine the association between hemoglobin levels and BMD in non-anemic healthy adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 3626 non-anemic men and women aged ≥ 60 years who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The BMD of the lumbar spine and both femurs was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Participants with T-score for BMD < -1.0 SD were defined as having low BMD. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for low BMD were calculated using multiple logistic regression analyses across sex-specific hemoglobin quartiles. RESULTS The prevalence of low BMD gradually decreased in accordance with hemoglobin quartiles in both sexes. Compared with the group in the lowest quartile, the OR (95% CI) for low BMD in the lumbar spine was 0.78 (0.54-0.93) for men and 0.67 (0.50-0.93) for women after adjusting for age, BMI, tobacco smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, walking difficulty, household income, total calorie intake, calcium intake, iron intake, 25(OH)D, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone levels. However, these positive associations were not found in femur after adjusting for the same co-variables. CONCLUSIONS Hemoglobin levels were inversely associated with low BMD in lumbar spine among non-anemic adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Sik Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Min Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Aref MW, Swallow EA, Metzger CE, Chen N, Moe SM, Allen MR. Parathyroid suppression therapy normalizes chronic kidney disease-induced elevations in cortical bone vascular perfusion: a pilot study. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:1693-1698. [PMID: 31069439 PMCID: PMC6689147 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-04974-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Interventions that alter PTH levels in an animal model of chronic kidney disease have effects on the perfusion of bone and bone marrow. INTRODUCTION Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have accelerated bone loss, vascular calcification, and abnormal biochemistries, together contributing to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and fracture-associated mortality. Despite evidence of vascular pathologies and dysfunction in CKD, our group has shown that cortical bone tissue perfusion is higher in a rat model of high-turnover CKD. The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that parathyroid hormone (PTH) suppressive interventions would normalize cortical bone vascular perfusion in the setting of CKD. METHODS In two separate experiments, 35-week-old CKD animals and their normal littermates underwent intra-cardiac fluorescent microsphere injection to assess the effect of 10 weeks of PTH suppression (Experiment 1: calcium supplementation, Experiment 2: calcimimetic treatment) on alterations in bone tissue perfusion. RESULTS In Experiment 1, CKD animals had serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and PTH levels significantly higher than NL (+ 182% and + 958%; p < 0.05). CKD+Ca animals had BUN levels that were similar to CKD, while PTH levels were significantly lower and comparable to NL. Both femoral cortex (+ 220%, p = 0.003) and tibial cortex (+ 336, p = 0.005) tissue perfusion were significantly higher in CKD animals when compared to NL; perfusion was normalized to those of NL in CKD+Ca animals. MicroCT analysis of the proximal tibia cortical porosity showed a trend toward higher values in CKD (+ 401%; p = 0.017) but not CKD+Ca (+ 111%; p = 0.38) compared to NL. Experiment 2, using an alternative method of PTH suppression, showed similar results as those of Experiment 1. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that PTH suppression-based interventions normalize cortical bone perfusion in the setting of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Aref
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, MS 5035, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - E A Swallow
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, MS 5035, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - C E Metzger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, MS 5035, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - N Chen
- Department of Medicine - Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - S M Moe
- Department of Medicine - Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - M R Allen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, MS 5035, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Medicine - Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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McDonnell AC, Eiken O, Frings-Meuthen P, Rittweger J, Mekjavic IB. The LunHab project: Muscle and bone alterations in male participants following a 10 day lunar habitat simulation. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:1250-1261. [PMID: 31273869 DOI: 10.1113/ep087482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? It is well established that muscle and bone atrophy in conditions of inactivity or unloading, but there is little information regarding the effect of a hypoxic environment on the time course of these deconditioning physiological systems. What is the main finding and its importance? The main finding is that a horizontal 10 day bed rest in normoxia results in typical muscle atrophy, which is not aggravated by hypoxia. Changes in bone mineral content or in metabolism were not detected after either normoxic or hypoxic bed rest. ABSTRACT Musculoskeletal atrophy constitutes a typical adaptation to inactivity and unloading of weightbearing bones. The reduced-gravity environment in future Moon and Mars habitats is likely to be hypobaric hypoxic, and there is an urgent need to understand the effect of hypoxia on the process of inactivity-induced musculoskeletal atrophy. This was the principal aim of the present study. Eleven males participated in three 10 day interventions: (i) hypoxic ambulatory confinement; (ii) hypoxic bed rest; and (iii) normoxic bed rest. Before and after the interventions, the muscle strength (isometric maximal voluntary contraction), mass (lean mass, by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), cross-sectional area and total bone mineral content (determined with peripheral quantitative computed tomography) of the participants were measured. Blood and urine samples were collected before and on the 1st, 4th and 10th day of the intervention and analysed for biomarkers of bone resorption and formation. There was a significant reduction in thigh and lower leg muscle mass and volume after both normoxic and hypoxic bed rests. Muscle strength loss was proportionately greater than the loss in muscle mass for both thigh and lower leg. There was no indication of bone loss. Furthermore, the biomarkers of resorption and formation were not affected by any of the interventions. There was no significant effect of hypoxia on the musculoskeletal variables. Short-term normoxic (10 day) bed rest resulted in muscular deconditioning, but not in the loss of bone mineral content or changes in bone metabolism. Hypoxia did not modify these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C McDonnell
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Institute Jozef Stefan, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ola Eiken
- Department of Environmental Physiology, School of Technology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Petra Frings-Meuthen
- Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Joern Rittweger
- Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Cologne, Germany.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Igor B Mekjavic
- Department of Automation, Biocybernetics and Robotics, Institute Jozef Stefan, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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Lee PS, Hess R, Friedrichs J, Haenchen V, Eckert H, Cuniberti G, Rancourt D, Krawetz R, Hintze V, Gelinsky M, Scharnweber D. Recapitulating bone development events in a customised bioreactor through interplay of oxygen tension, medium pH, and systematic differentiation approaches. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1672-1684. [PMID: 31250556 DOI: 10.1002/term.2921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bone development and homeostasis are intricate processes that require co-existence and dynamic interactions among multiple cell types. However, controlled dynamic niches that derive and support stable propagation of these cells from single stem cell source is not sustainable in conventional culturing vessels. In bioreactor cultures that support dynamic niches, the limited source and stability of growth factors are often a major limiting factor for long-term in vitro cultures. Hence, alternative growth factor-free differentiation approaches are designed and their efficacy to achieve different osteochondral cell types is investigated. Briefly, a dynamic niche is achieved by varying medium pH, oxygen tension (pO2 ) distribution in bioreactor, initiating chondrogenic differentiation with chondroitin sulphate A (CSA), and implementing systematic differentiation regimes. In this study, we demonstrated that CSA is a potent chondrogenic inducer, specifically in combination with acidic medium and low pO2 . Further, endochondral ossification is recapitulated through a systematic chondrogenic-osteogenic (ch-os) differentiation regime, and multiple osteochondral cell types are derived. Chondrogenic hypertrophy was also enhanced specifically in high pO2 regions. Consequently, mineralised constructs with higher structural integrity, volume, and tailored dimensions are achieved. In contrast, a continuous osteogenic differentiation regime (os-os) has derived compact and dense constructs, whereas a continuous chondrogenic differentiation regime (ch-ch) has attenuated construct mineralisation and impaired development. In conclusion, a growth factor-free differentiation approach is achieved through interplay of pO2 , medium pH, and systematic differentiation regimes. The controlled dynamic niches have recapitulated endochondral ossification and can potentially be exploited to derive larger bone constructs with near physiological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poh Soo Lee
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ricarda Hess
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Friedrichs
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e. V., Dresden, Germany
| | - Vanessa Haenchen
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hagen Eckert
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Derrick Rancourt
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roman Krawetz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vera Hintze
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dieter Scharnweber
- Institute for Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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77
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Nimitphong H, Siwasaranond N, Sritara C, Saetung S, Chailurkit LO, Chirakalwasan N, Ongphiphadhanakul B, Reutrakul S. The differences in the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea severity and trabecular bone score in men and women with type 2 diabetes. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL ENDOCRINOLOGY 2019; 16:100193. [PMID: 31193067 PMCID: PMC6514725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2019.100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aims Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may adversely affect bone. Gender is a well-established factor influencing bone health. We investigated the impact of OSA on bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) in T2DM. Methods Eighty-one T2DM patients [33 men and 48 women] participated. OSA was diagnosed using an overnight monitor, with its severity assessed by an apnea hypopnia index (pAHI). The measurements of hypoxia, including the percentage of total sleep time in which oxygen saturation remains below 90% (pT90), the oxygen desaturation index (pODI) and minimum O2 (min O2), were reported. Lumbar spine (L1-4) and femoral neck (FN) BMD were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). TBS was computed from DXA images. Results Sixty-five patients (80.2%) had OSA. pAHI, pT90, pODI and min O2 were not correlated to L1-4 BMD, FN BMD or TBS in all participants by multiple regression analyses adjusting for age, gender and BMI. However, an interaction between gender and pAHI, and gender and pODI were significantly associated with TBS (b = 0.003, p = 0.034 and b = 0.004, p = 0.046, respectively). We therefore reassessed an association between pAHI or pODI and TBS separately between men and women. After adjusting for age and BMI, more severe OSA (higher pAHI) and higher pODI significantly associated with lower TBS (b = -0.002, p = 0.034 and b = -0.003, p = 0.021, respectively) in men. On the other hand, higher pAHI non-significantly associated with better trabecular microarchitecture as indicated by higher TBS (b = 0.002, p = 0.059) in women. When considered only postmenopausal (n = 33), higher pAHI and higher pODI were significantly associated with higher TBS (b = 0.004, p = 0.003 and b = 0.004, p = 0.008, respectively). Conclusions In T2DM patients, there is a complex interrelationship among OSA severity, gender and TBS. More severe OSA predicted lower TBS in men, but predicted higher TBS in postmenopausal women.
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Key Words
- Apnea–hypopnea index (AHI)
- BMD, bone mineral density
- BMD/TBS
- BMI, body mass index
- CV, coefficient of variation
- DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
- FN, femoral neck
- Gender
- HRpQCT, high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography
- HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c
- IQR, interquartile range
- ISCD, International Society for Clinical Densitometry
- L1-4, lumbar spine 1-4
- Menopausal status
- OSA, obstructive sleep apnea
- Obstructive sleep apnea
- PMW, postmenopausal women
- RMS, root mean square
- SD, standard deviation
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- TBS, trabecular bone score
- Type 2 diabetes
- aBMD, areal bone mineral density
- min O2, minimum O2
- p, peripheral arterial tone (PAT)
- pAHI, PAT-derived apnea hypopnia index
- pODI, PAT-derived oxygen desaturation index
- pT90, PAT-derived T90
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Affiliation(s)
- Hataikarn Nimitphong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nantaporn Siwasaranond
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanika Sritara
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunee Saetung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - La-Or Chailurkit
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naricha Chirakalwasan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Excellence Center for Sleep Disorders, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Boonsong Ongphiphadhanakul
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirimon Reutrakul
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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78
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Kim JW, Alfafara AMD, Kim HY, Kim SY, Kim SJ. Effects of pH alteration on the pathogenesis of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Bone 2019; 122:45-51. [PMID: 30738857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An acidic environment has been recognized to increase catabolic activities and inhibit osteoblastic deposition, and also exhibited in the pathogenesis of various bone diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of systemic and local pH alteration in the pathogenesis of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). MATERIAL AND METHODS Initially, MRONJ was induced in 54 Sprague-Dawley rats via subcutaneous bisphosphonate injections, once a week for 8 weeks. A week prior to bisphosphonate termination, surgical intervention was performed and rats were divided into 3 groups-alkalotic, acidic and control group, wherein each received NaHCO3, NH4Cl and normal saline, respectively for 8 weeks. Upon sacrifice, blood was sent for arterial blood pH analysis and their mandibles were subjected to histomorphometric and μCT analyses. ONJ was histologically defined as necrotic bone persisting for eight weeks after surgical intervention. RESULTS Each intervention exemplified its expected outcome wherein each group exhibited a borderline alkalotic (7.43 ± 0.05) and acidic state (7.27 ± 37), respectively (P < 0.05). Acidic group showed a higher occurrence of MRONJ (95%) compared to that of alkalotic group (60%) and control (76.9%). Histomorphometric and microstructural evaluation revealed that acidic group presented deteriorated bone architectures with significantly higher necrotic bone fraction, clusters of empty lacunae, N.Oc/B.Pm and lower B.Ar./T.Ar, BV/TV, Tb.Th (P < 0.05). Alkalotic group showed possible protective effects against ONJ versus acidic group, however these trends were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS An acidic milieu aggravated ONJ development in an animal model. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the exact role of acid-base balance in MRONJ pathogenesis and possible benefits of alkali supplementation for the prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Intractable Osteonecrosis of the Jaw, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Angenine Marie D Alfafara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Intractable Osteonecrosis of the Jaw, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Kim
- Research Institute for Intractable Osteonecrosis of the Jaw, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Family Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Yeong Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Intractable Osteonecrosis of the Jaw, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Jong Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Intractable Osteonecrosis of the Jaw, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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79
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Vakharia RM, Cohen-Levy WB, Vakharia AM, Donnally CJ, Law TY, Roche MW. Sleep Apnea Increases Ninety-Day Complications and Cost Following Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2019; 34:959-964.e1. [PMID: 30814026 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep apnea (SA) negatively affects bone mineralization, cognition, and immunity. There is paucity in the literature regarding the impact of SA on total joint arthroplasty (TJA). The purpose of this study is to compare complications in patients with and without SA undergoing either total knee (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHODS A retrospective review from 2005 to 2014 was conducted using the Medicare Standard Analytical Files. Patients with and without SA on the day of the primary TJA were queried using the International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision codes. Patients were matched by age, gender, Charlson Comorbidity Index), and body mass index. Patients were followed for 2 years after their surgery. Ninety-day medical complications, complications related to implant, readmission rates, length of stay, and 1-year mortality were quantified and compared. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) with their respective 95% confidence interval and P values. RESULTS After the random matching process there were 529,240 patients (female = 271,656, male = 252,106, unknown = 5478) with (TKA = 189,968, THA = 74,652) and without (TKA = 189,968, THA = 74,652) SA who underwent primary TJA between 2005 and 2014. Patients with SA had greater odds of developing medical complications following TKA (OR 3.71) or THA (OR 2.48). CONCLUSION The study illustrates an increased risk of developing postoperative complications in patients with SA following primary TJA. Surgeons should educate patients on these adverse effects and encourage the use of continuous positive airway pressure which has been shown to mitigate many postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wayne B Cohen-Levy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, FL
| | | | - Chester J Donnally
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, FL
| | - Tsun Yee Law
- Holy Cross Hospital, Orthopedic Research Institute, Fort Lauderdale, FL
| | - Martin W Roche
- Holy Cross Hospital, Orthopedic Research Institute, Fort Lauderdale, FL
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80
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Zhu J, Tang Y, Wu Q, Ji YC, Feng ZF, Kang FW. HIF-1α facilitates osteocyte-mediated osteoclastogenesis by activating JAK2/STAT3 pathway in vitro. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21182-21192. [PMID: 31032948 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteocytes, entrapped within the mineralized bone matrix, has been found to have numerous functions such as acting as an orchestrator of bone remodeling through regulation of both osteoclast and osteoblast activity and also functioning as an endocrine cell. Due to a specialized morphology and surrounding structure, osteocytes are more tolerant to hypoxia during osteoporosis, fracture, osteoarthritis, and orthodontic-orthognathic combination therapy. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is one of the master regulators of hypoxia reactions, playing an important role in bone modeling, remodeling, and homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the pivotal functional role of HIF-1α in osteocytes initiating of bone remodeling under hypoxia. In the present study, the osteoclasts formation induced by RAW264.7 was significantly promoted in conditioned media (CM) from osteocytic MLO-Y4 exposed to hypoxia in vitro. Therefore, hypoxic MLO-Y4 cells simulated by 100 μmol/L CoCl2 or 2% O2 stably expressed HIF-1α proteins and upregulated the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) at both the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein level. Furthermore, with the Knockdown of HIF-1α, the expression of RANKL mRNA and protein decreased after transient transfection. In addition, the phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) was also correlated with HIF-1α and RANKL levels under hypoxia. Then AG490, a JAK2 inhibitor, inhibited p-JAK2, p-STAT3 and RANKL expression. It was possible that AG490 disturbed the contact of HIF-1α and RANKL by JAK2/STAT3 pathway, influencing osteoclastogenesis. Our findings suggested that HIF-1α promoted the expression of RANKL by activating JAK2/STAT3 pathway in MLO-Y4 cells, and enhanced osteocyte-mediated osteoclastic differentiation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Chen Ji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Fan Feng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei-Wu Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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81
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Is Hypoxia Related to External Cervical Resorption? A Case Report. J Endod 2019; 45:459-470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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82
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Fernandes Patrício TM, Panseri S, Montesi M, Iafisco M, Sandri M, Tampieri A, Sprio S. Superparamagnetic hybrid microspheres affecting osteoblasts behaviour. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 96:234-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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83
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Jaber FA, Khan NM, Ansari MY, Al-Adlaan AA, Hussein NJ, Safadi FF. Autophagy plays an essential role in bone homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:12105-12115. [PMID: 30820954 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is very critical for multiple cellular processes. Autophagy plays a critical role in bone cell differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima A Jaber
- Department of Biology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED) School of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Nazir M Khan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED) School of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Mohammad Y Ansari
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED) School of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Asaad A Al-Adlaan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED) School of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Nazar J Hussein
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED) School of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
| | - Fayez F Safadi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED) School of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SUMMA Health System, Akron, Ohio.,Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, Ohio
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84
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Oxygen desaturation during the 6-min walk test as a risk for osteoporosis in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19:28. [PMID: 30717716 PMCID: PMC6360688 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-019-0794-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a common comorbidity in non-cystic fibrosis (non-CF) bronchiectasis patients. We determined whether desaturation during 6-min walk test (6MWT) can be a predictor for osteoporosis risk. METHODS This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Sixty-six non-CF bronchiectasis patients were enrolled. Lung function, walking distance, the lowest oxygen saturation (SpO2), the fall in SpO2 (ΔSpO2), and the distance-saturation product (DSP) were determined during the 6MWT. Desaturators (n = 45) were defined as those with ΔSpO2 > 10% or the lowest SpO2 < 88%. Bone mineral density (BMD) was determined through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The severity of non-CF bronchiectasis was evaluated using high-resolution computed tomography. RESULTS Osteoporosis was evident in more desaturators (82%) than non-desaturators (43%, p < 0.01). BMD at the level of the femoral neck was significantly lower in desaturators than in non-desaturators (- 3.6 ± 1.1 vs. - 2.4 ± 0.9, p < 0.01). BMD was correlated positively with the lowest SpO2 and negatively with ΔSpO2 and severe exacerbations. In multivariate linear regression analysis, desaturation during 6MWT was the most significant predictive factor for osteoporosis (95% confidence interval - 1.60 to - 0.26, p = 0.01). Other risk factors included old age, low body mass index and severe exacerbation. CONCLUSIONS Exertional desaturation during the 6MWT was a significant predictive factor for osteoporosis in Asian non-CF bronchiectasis patients. The 6MWT may be useful in identifying the osteoporotic phenotype of non-CF bronchiectasis and increasing clinician awareness to promote early intervention.
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85
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Yamamoto N, Kashiwagi M, Ishihara M, Kojima T, Maturana AD, Kuroda S, Niimi T. Robo2 contains a cryptic binding site for neural EGFL-like (NELL) protein 1/2. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:4693-4703. [PMID: 30700556 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling pathways that are mediated by Slit ligands and their Roundabout (Robo) family of receptors play multifunctional roles in the development of the nervous system and other organs. A recent study identified neural epidermal growth factor-like (NEL)-like 2 (NELL2) as a novel ligand for Robo3. In this study, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of the interaction between NELL1 and the Robo family of receptors and demonstrated that Robo2 contains a cryptic binding site for both NELL1 and NELL2. NELL1/2 binds to the first fibronectin type III (FNIII) domain of Robo2 but not to intact Robo2. Mutation analysis revealed that several amino acids within the first FNIII domain are critical for NELL1 binding to Robo2 but not to Robo1. The Robo2 deletion mutants without the fourth immunoglobulin domain and single amino acid substitution mutants that can influence the architecture of the ectodomain facilitated binding to NELL1/2. Acidic conditions increased the binding affinity of Robo2 for NELL1. These results suggest that Robo2 functions as a receptor for NELL1/2, particularly under circumstances where Robo2 undergoes proteolytic digestion. If this is not the case, conformational changes of the ectodomain of Robo2 may unmask the binding site for NELL1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoka Yamamoto
- From the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan and
| | - Manabu Kashiwagi
- From the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan and
| | - Manami Ishihara
- From the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan and
| | - Takaaki Kojima
- From the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan and
| | - Andrés D Maturana
- From the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan and
| | - Shun'ichi Kuroda
- the Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Niimi
- From the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan and
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86
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Diba M, Camargo WA, Zinkevich T, Grünewald A, Detsch R, Kabiri Y, Kentgens APM, Boccaccini AR, van den Beucken JJJP, Leeuwenburgh SCG. Hybrid particles derived from alendronate and bioactive glass for treatment of osteoporotic bone defects. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:796-808. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb03062f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Novel hybrid particles are synthesized using alendronate and bioactive glass, which can stimulate regeneration of osteoporotic bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Diba
- Department of Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center
- Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Winston A. Camargo
- Department of Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center
- Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Tatiana Zinkevich
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University
- 6525 AJ Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Alina Grünewald
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Yoones Kabiri
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Arno P. M. Kentgens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University
- 6525 AJ Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
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87
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Qiao Y, Wang B, Yang JJ, Fan YF, Guo Q, Dou ZJ, Huang YQ, Feng TT, Wang SJ, An DD, Gao XL. Bone Metabolic Markers in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:1898-1903. [PMID: 30082519 PMCID: PMC6085856 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.238149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is prevalent in obesity and is associated with many metabolic abnormalities. The relationship between OSAS and bone metabolism is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the severity of OSAS and bone metabolic markers. Methods: A total of 119 obese males were enrolled in this study in spring months from 2015 to 2017. All candidates underwent polysomnography, and their bone mineral density (BMD) and the serum levels of total procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (t-P1NP), N-terminal midfragment of osteocalcin (N-MID), β-C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (β-CTX), vitamin D (VD), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured. The analysis of variance and Pearson correlation analysis were performed for data analyses. Results: No significant differences in the mean values of BMD were observed among the obesity, mild-to-moderate OSAS, and severe OSAS groups; and the serum levels of t-P1NP and β-CTX in the severe OSAS group were significantly higher than those in the obesity group (48.42 ± 23.78 ng/ml vs. 31.98 ± 9.85 ng/ml, P < 0.001; 0.53 ± 0.24 ng/ml vs. 0.41 ± 0.13 ng/ml, P = 0.011, respectively). The serum level of VD in the obesity group was significantly higher than those in the mild-to-moderate and severe OSAS groups (both P < 0.001), and decreased as the severity of OSAS increased (P < 0.001). The serum level of PTH in the severey and mild-to-moderate OSAS groups (both P < 0.001). The results of correlation analysis indicated that the level of apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was correlated with the levels of t-P1NP (r = 0.396, P < 0.001), VD (r = –0.404, P < 0.001), and PTH (r = 0.400, P < 0.001), whereas the level of minimum O2 saturation (SaO2 min) was correlated with the levels of VD (r = 0.258, P = 0.016) and PTH (r = –0.376, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The levels of bone resorption and formation markers in patients with severe OSAS were significantly increased compared to obese men, and the severity of OSAS was correlated with the serum levels of t-P1NP, VD, and PTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Yang
- Department of the Second Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yan-Feng Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Department of the Second Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Zhan-Jun Dou
- Department of the Second Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Huang
- Department of the Second Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Ting-Ting Feng
- Department of the Second Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Shu-Juan Wang
- Department of the Second Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Dong-Dong An
- Department of the Second Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
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88
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Petkus DL, Murray-Kolb LE, De Souza MJ. The Unexplored Crossroads of the Female Athlete Triad and Iron Deficiency: A Narrative Review. Sports Med 2018; 47:1721-1737. [PMID: 28290159 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0706-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the severity and prevalence of iron deficiency in exercising women, few published reports have explored how iron deficiency interacts with another prevalent and severe condition in exercising women: the 'female athlete triad.' This review aims to describe how iron deficiency may interact with each component of the female athlete triad, that is, energy status, reproductive function, and bone health. The effects of iron deficiency on energy status are discussed in regards to thyroid function, metabolic fuel availability, eating behaviors, and energy expenditure. The interactions between iron deficiency and reproductive function are explored by discussing the potentially impaired fertility and hyperprolactinemia due to iron deficiency and the alterations in iron metabolism due to menstrual blood loss and estrogen exposure. The interaction of iron deficiency with bone health may occur via dysregulation of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis, hypoxia, and hypothyroidism. Based on these discussions, several future directions for research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan L Petkus
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Laura E Murray-Kolb
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Mary Jane De Souza
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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89
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Vrtačnik P, Zupan J, Mlakar V, Kranjc T, Marc J, Kern B, Ostanek B. Epigenetic enzymes influenced by oxidative stress and hypoxia mimetic in osteoblasts are differentially expressed in patients with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16215. [PMID: 30385847 PMCID: PMC6212423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms including posttranslational histone modifications and DNA methylation are emerging as important determinants of bone homeostasis. With our case-control study we aimed to identify which chromatin-modifying enzymes could be involved in the pathology of postmenopausal osteoporosis and osteoarthritis while co-regulated by estrogens, oxidative stress and hypoxia. Gene expression of HAT1, KAT5, HDAC6, MBD1 and DNMT3A affected by oxidative stress and hypoxia in an in vitro qPCR screening step performed on an osteoblast cell line was analysed in trabecular bone tissue samples from 96 patients. Their expression was significantly reduced in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis and osteoarthritis as compared to autopsy controls and significantly correlated with bone mineral density and several bone histomorphometry-derived parameters of bone quality and quantity as well as indicators of oxidative stress, RANK/RANKL/OPG system and angiogenesis. Furthermore, oxidative stress increased DNA methylation levels at the RANKL and OPG promoters while decreasing histone acetylation levels at these two genes. Our study is the first to show that higher expression of HAT1, HDAC6 and MBD1 is associated with superior quantity as well as quality of the bone tissue having a more favourable trabecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vrtačnik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Zupan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vid Mlakar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tilen Kranjc
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Marc
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Kern
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Ostanek
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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90
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Abstract
Osteoclasts are defined as cells capable of excavating 3-dimensional resorption pits in bone and other mineralised tissues. They are derived from the differentiation/fusion of promonocytic precursors, and are usually large, multinucleated cells. In common with other cells from this myeloid lineage such as macrophages and dendritic cells, they are adapted to function in hypoxic, acidic environments. The process of bone resorption is rapid and is presumably highly energy-intensive, since osteoclasts must actively extrude protons to dissolve hydroxyapatite mineral, whilst secreting cathepsin K to degrade collagen, as well as maintaining a high degree of motility. Osteoclasts are well known to contain abundant mitochondria but they are also able to rely on glycolytic (anaerobic) metabolism to generate the ATP needed to power their activity. Their primary extracellular energy source appears to be glucose. Excessive accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in osteoclasts during extended periods of high activity in oxygen-poor environments may promote apoptosis and help to limit bone resorption - a trajectory that could be termed "live fast, die young". In general, however, the metabolism of osteoclasts remains a poorly-investigated area, not least because of the technical challenges of studying actively resorbing cells in appropriate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Arnett
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Isabel R Orriss
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK.
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91
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Interleukin 17 under hypoxia mimetic condition augments osteoclast mediated bone erosion and expression of HIF-1α and MMP-9. Cell Immunol 2018; 332:39-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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92
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Potassium Citrate Supplementation Decreases the Biochemical Markers of Bone Loss in a Group of Osteopenic Women: The Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091293. [PMID: 30213095 PMCID: PMC6164684 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship involving acid-base imbalance, mineral metabolism and bone health status has previously been reported but the efficacy of the alkalizing supplementation in targeting acid overload and preventing bone loss has not yet been fully elucidated. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the hypothesis that potassium citrate (K citrate) modifies bone turnover in women with postmenopausal osteopenia was tested. Three hundred and ten women were screened; 40 women met the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to the treatment or the placebo group. They were treated with K citrate (30 mEq day−1) or a placebo in addition to calcium carbonate (500 mg day−1) and vitamin D (400 IU day−1). At baseline and time points of 3 and 6 months, serum indicators of renal function, electrolytes, calciotropic hormones, serum bone turnover markers (BTMs) (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b), carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), procollagen type 1 N terminal propeptide (PINP)), and urine pH, electrolytes, and citrate were measured. The follow-up was completed by 17/20 patients in the “K citrate” group and 18/20 patients in the “placebo” group. At baseline, 90% of the patients exhibited low potassium excretion in 24 h urine samples, and 85% of cases had at least one urine parameter associated with low-grade acidosis (low pH, low citrate excretion). After treatment, CTX and BAP decreased significantly in both groups, but subjects with evidence of low-grade acidosis gained significant benefits from the treatment compared to the placebo. In patients with low 24h-citrate excretion at baseline, a 30% mean decrease in BAP and CTX was observed at 6 months. A significant reduction was also evident when low citrate (BAP: −25%; CTX: −35%) and a low pH (BAP: −25%; CTX: −30%) were found in fasting-morning urine. In conclusion, our results suggested that K citrate supplementation improved the beneficial effects of calcium and vitamin D in osteopenic women with a documented potassium and citrate deficit, and a metabolic profile consistent with low-grade acidosis.
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93
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Minden-Birkenmaier BA, Bowlin GL. Honey-Based Templates in Wound Healing and Tissue Engineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:bioengineering5020046. [PMID: 29903998 PMCID: PMC6027142 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, there has been a resurgence in the clinical use of honey as a topical wound treatment. A plethora of in vitro and in vivo evidence supports this resurgence, demonstrating that honey debrides wounds, kills bacteria, penetrates biofilm, lowers wound pH, reduces chronic inflammation, and promotes fibroblast infiltration, among other beneficial qualities. Given these results, it is clear that honey has a potential role in the field of tissue engineering and regeneration. Researchers have incorporated honey into tissue engineering templates, including electrospun meshes, cryogels, and hydrogels, with varying degrees of success. This review details the current state of the field, including challenges which have yet to be overcome, and makes recommendations for the direction of future research in order to develop effective tissue regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary L Bowlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, 3806 Norriswood Ave., Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
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94
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Manzano-Moreno FJ, Ramos-Torrecillas J, de Luna-Bertos E, Illescas-Montes R, Arnett TR, Ruiz C, García-Martínez O. Influence of pH on osteoclasts treated with zoledronate and alendronate. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:813-820. [PMID: 29876664 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2505-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to analyze the effect of pH on the growth and activity of osteoclasts treated with different doses of two nitrogen-containing BPs, zoledronate and alendronate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Murine osteoclasts cultured on dentine disks were treated with zoledronate (50 or 500 nM) or alendronate (500 or 5 μM) at two different pH values (7.4 or 7.0). Osteoclasts were counted with transmitted light microscopy, apoptosis/necrosis was studied with flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, and resorption pit number and depth were calculated using reflected light and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS The osteoclast count on dentine disks was significantly (p < 0.001) reduced by zoledronate or alendronate treatment at pH 7.0 in comparison to treatment with the same doses at pH 7.4 and untreated disks (controls). The percentage of apoptotic cells was significantly increased by treatment with 500 nM zoledronate or 5 μM alendronate at pH 7.0 in comparison to the same doses at pH 7.4. The number and depth of resorption pits were significantly lower in disks treated at each BP dose studied than in untreated controls at pH 7.0. CONCLUSIONS Zoledronate and alendronate at therapeutic doses have an adverse effect on the viability and resorptive activity of osteoclasts when the local medium pH is reduced. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings suggest that periodontal or peri-implant oral cavity infection may be a key trigger of the cascade of events that lead to BRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Ramos-Torrecillas
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. De la Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Elvira de Luna-Bertos
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. De la Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Rebeca Illescas-Montes
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Melilla, Spain
| | - Timothy R Arnett
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Bloomsbury, London, UK
| | - Concepción Ruiz
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain. .,Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. De la Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain. .,Institute of Neuroscience, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Armilla (Granada), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Olga García-Martínez
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. De la Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain
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95
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Patel S, Mavridou AM, Lambrechts P, Saberi N. External cervical resorption-part 1: histopathology, distribution and presentation. Int Endod J 2018; 51:1205-1223. [PMID: 29704466 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
External cervical resorption (ECR) is the loss of dental hard tissue as a result of odontoclastic action. It is a dynamic process that involves periodontal, dental and in later stages pulpal tissues. Over the last two decades, ECR has attracted increased interest; this is in part due to novel micro-CT and histopathological techniques for its assessment and also improved radiographic detection using CBCT. This literature review will cover the aetiology, potential predisposing factors, histopathology and diagnosis of ECR. Part 2 will cover the management of ECR.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Patel
- Department of Endodontology, King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK.,Specialist Practice, London, UK
| | - A M Mavridou
- Department of Oral Health Services, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Lambrechts
- Department of Oral Health Services, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - N Saberi
- Department of Endodontology, King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK
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96
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Aref MW, Swallow EA, Chen NX, Moe SM, Allen MR. Skeletal vascular perfusion is altered in chronic kidney disease. Bone Rep 2018; 8:215-220. [PMID: 29955640 PMCID: PMC6020396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at an alarming risk of cardiovascular disease and fracture-associated mortality. CKD has been shown to have negative effects on vascular reactivity and organ perfusion. Although alterations in bone blood flow are linked to dysregulation of bone remodeling and mass in multiple conditions, changes to skeletal perfusion in the setting of CKD have not been explored. The goal of this study was to establish the effect of CKD on skeletal perfusion in a rat model of CKD. In two experiments with endpoints at 30 and 35 weeks of age, respectively, normal (NL) and Cy/+ (CKD) animals (n = 6/group) underwent in vivo intra-cardiac fluorescent microsphere injection to assess bone tissue perfusion. These two separate time points aimed to describe skeletal perfusion at 30 and 35 weeks based on previous studies demonstrating significant progression of hyperparthyroid bone disease during this timeframe. CKD animals had blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels significantly higher than NL at both 30 and 35 weeks. At 30 weeks, perfusion was significantly higher in the femoral cortex (+259%, p < 0.05) but not in the tibial cortex (+140%, p = 0.11) of CKD animals relative to NL littermates. Isolated tibial marrow perfusion at 30 weeks showed a trend toward being higher (+183%, p = 0.08) in CKD. At 35 weeks, perfusion was significantly higher in both the femoral cortex (+173%, p < 0.05) and the tibial cortex (+241%, p < 0.05) in CKD animals when compared to their normal littermates. Isolated tibial marrow perfusion (-57%, p <0.05) and vertebral body perfusion (-71%, p <0.05) were lower in CKD animals. The current study demonstrates two novel findings regarding bone perfusion in an animal model of high turnover CKD. First, cortical bone perfusion in CKD animals is higher than in normal animals. Second, alterations in bone marrow perfision differed among the stages of CKD and were distinct from perfusion to the cortical bone. Determining whether these changes in bone perfusion are drivers, propagators, or consequences of skeletal deterioration in CKD will necessitate further work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad W. Aref
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Swallow
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Neal X. Chen
- Department of Medicine, – Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sharon M. Moe
- Department of Medicine, – Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Matthew R. Allen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Medicine, – Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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97
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Kylmäoja E, Nakamura M, Kokkonen-Puuperä H, Ronkainen VP, Lehenkari P, Tuukkanen J. Gap junctional communication is involved in differentiation of osteoclasts from bone marrow and peripheral blood monocytes. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00621. [PMID: 29756076 PMCID: PMC5944415 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The aim of the study was to compare the influence of gap junctional communication (GJC) in osteoclastogenesis from bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) monocytes. These widely used sources differ in purity, since BM cultures contain a significant number of stromal cells. We studied whether stimulation of GJC in BM monocyte/stromal cell cultures differs from the effect in pure PB monocyte cultures. We compared the differentiation also in acidosis, which is a known inducer of bone resorption. Main methods Human BM and PB monocytes were isolated from BM aspirates or whole blood samples. The cells were cultured on human bone slices with osteoclastogenic growth factors and a GJC modulator, antiarrhythmic peptide AAP10, at physiological and acidic pH. Key findings Both BM and PB monocytes differentiated into osteoclasts. Acidosis increased resorption in both cultures but stimulated cell fusion only in BM cultures, which demonstrates the role of stromal cells in osteoclastogenesis. At physiological pH, AAP10 increased the number of multinuclear cells and bone resorption in both BM and PB cultures indicating that GJC is involved in differentiation in both of these osteoclastogenesis assays. Interestingly, in PB cultures at pH 6.5 the stimulation of GJC with AAP10 inhibited both osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption suggesting a different role of GJC in BM and PB monocytes at stressed environment. Significance The study is conducted with primary human tissue samples and adds new knowledge on factors affecting osteoclastogenesis from different monocyte sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Kylmäoja
- Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Research Center, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, University of Oulu, Finland
- Corresponding author.
| | - Miho Nakamura
- Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Research Center, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, University of Oulu, Finland
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 1010062, Japan
| | - Hanna Kokkonen-Puuperä
- Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Research Center, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Veli-Pekka Ronkainen
- Biocenter Oulu, Light Microscopy Core Facility, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Research Center, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Tuukkanen
- Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Research Center, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, University of Oulu, Finland
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98
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Zhou H, Wang ZS, Liu XH, Chen FH. Novel amidrazone derivatives: Design, synthesis and activity evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3158-3165. [PMID: 29699911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of new 6-styryl-naphthalene-2-amidrazone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as potential ASIC1a inhibitors. Among them, compound 5e showed the most activity to inhibit [Ca2+]i. elevation in acid-induced articular chondrocytes. Together with the important role of ASIC1a in the pathogenesis of tissue acidification diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, these results might provide a meaningful hint or inspiration in developing drugs targeting at tissue acidification diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Zhi Sen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Xin Hua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China.
| | - Fei Hu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China.
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99
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Heinonen I, Boushel R, Hellsten Y, Kalliokoski K. Regulation of bone blood flow in humans: The role of nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and adenosine. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:1552-1558. [PMID: 29377406 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms that regulate bone blood flow (BBF) in humans are largely unknown. Animal studies suggest that nitric oxide (NO) could be involved, and in this study, we investigated the effects of inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) alone and in combination with inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme, thus prostaglandin (PG) synthesis on femoral bone marrow blood flow by positron emission tomography in healthy young men at rest and during one-leg dynamic exercise. In an additional group of healthy men, the role of adenosine (ADO) in the regulation of BBF during exercise was investigated by use of an adenosine receptor blocker (aminophylline). Inhibitors were directly infused into the femoral artery. Resting BBF was 1.1 ± 0.4 mL 100 g-1 min-1 and increased to almost sixfold in response to exercise (6.3 ± 1.5 mL 100 g-1 min-1 ). Inhibition of NOS reduced BBF at rest to 0.7 ± 0.3 mL 100 g-1 min-1 (P = .036), but did not affect BBF significantly during exercise (5.5 ± 1.4 mL 100 g-1 min-1 , P = .25). On the other hand, while combined NOS and COX inhibition did not cause any further reduction of blood flow at rest (0.6 ± 0.2 mL 100 g-1 min-1 ), the combined blockade reduced BBF during exercise by ~21%, to 5.0 ± 1.8 mL 100 g-1 min-1 (P = .014). Finally, the ADO inhibition during exercise reduced BBF from 5.5 ± 1.9 mL 100 g-1 min-1 to 4.6 ± 1.2 mL 100 g-1 min-1 (P = .045). In conclusion, our results support the view that NO is involved in controlling bone marrow blood flow at rest, and NO, PG, and ADO play important roles in controlling human BBF during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Heinonen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Division of Experimental Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Boushel
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Y Hellsten
- Exercise and Sport Sciences, Section of Human Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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100
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Kotsougiani D, Hundepool CA, Bulstra LF, Friedrich PF, Shin AY, Bishop AT. Bone vascularized composite allotransplantation model in swine tibial defect: Evaluation of surgical angiogenesis and transplant viability. Microsurgery 2018; 39:160-166. [PMID: 29504151 DOI: 10.1002/micr.30310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In prior small animal studies, we maintained vascularized bone allotransplant viability without long-term immunotherapy. Instead, an autogenous neoangiogenic circulation is created from implanted vessels, sufficient to maintain bone viability with only 2 weeks immunosupression. Blood flow is maintained despite rejection of the allogeneic vascular pedicle thereafter. We have previously described a large animal (swine) pre-clinical model, reconstructing tibial defects with vascularized tibial allotransplants. In this manuscript, autologous angiogenesis is evaluated in this model and correlated with bone viability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Allogeneic tibial segments were transplanted across a major swine leukocyte antigen mismatch. Microvascular repair of the bone VCA pedicle was combined with intraosseous implantation of an autogenous arteriovenous (AV) bundle. The bundle was ligated in group 1 (n = 4), and allowed to perfuse in group 2 (n = 4). Three-drug immunotherapy was given for 2 weeks. At 16 weeks micro-CT angiography quantified neoangiogenic vessel volume. Bone viability, rejection grade, and bone healing were analyzed. RESULTS A substantial neoangiogenic circulation developed from the implanted AV-bundle in group 2, with vessel density superior to ligated AV-bundle controls (0.11 ± 0.05 vs. 0.01 ± 0.01, P = .029). Bone allotransplant viability was also significantly enhanced by neoangiogenesis (78.7 ± 4.4% vs. 27.7 ± 5.8%, P = .028) with higher bone healing scores (21.4 ± 2.9 vs. 12.5 ± 3.7, P = .029). Ligated control tibias demonstrated disorganized bone morphology and higher local inflammation (P = .143). CONCLUSION Implantation of autogenous AV bundles into vascularized bone allotransplants resulted in the rapid formation of a neoangiogenic autogenous blood supply in a swine tibia model that maintained bone viability, improved bone healing, and minimized rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Kotsougiani
- Microvascular Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline A Hundepool
- Microvascular Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Liselotte F Bulstra
- Microvascular Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Patricia F Friedrich
- Microvascular Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alexander Y Shin
- Microvascular Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Allen T Bishop
- Microvascular Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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