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Pugh J, Khan SG, Tamura D, Goldstein AM, Landi MT, DiGiovanna JJ, Kraemer KH. Use of Big Data to Estimate Prevalence of Defective DNA Repair Variants in the US Population. JAMA Dermatol 2019; 155:72-78. [PMID: 30516811 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.4473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Importance Wide use of genomic sequencing to diagnose disease has raised concern about the extent of genotype-phenotype correlations. Objective To correlate disease-associated allele frequencies with expected and reported prevalence of clinical disease. Design, Setting, and Participants Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), a recessive, cancer-prone, neurocutaneous disorder, was used as a model for this study. From January 1, 2017, to May 4, 2018, the Human Gene Mutation Database and a cohort of patients at the National Institutes of Health were searched and screened to identify reported mutations associated with XP. The clinical phenotype of these patients was confirmed from reports in the literature and National Institutes of Health medical records. The genetically predicted prevalence of disease based on frequency of known pathogenic mutations was compared with the prevalence of patients clinically diagnosed with phenotypic XP. Exome sequencing of more than 200 000 alleles from the Genome Aggregation Database, the National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics database of healthy controls, and an Inova Hospital Study database was used to investigate the frequencies of these mutations in the general population. Main Outcomes and Measures Listing of all reported mutations associated with XP, their frequencies in 3 large exome sequence databases, determination of the number of patients in the United States with XP using modeling equations, and comparison of the observed and reported numbers of patients with XP with specific mutations. Results A total of 156 pathogenic missense and nonsense mutations associated with XP were identified in the National Institutes of Health cohort and the Human Gene Mutation Database. The Genome Aggregation Database provided frequency data for 65 of these mutations, with a total allele frequency of 1.13%. The XPF (ERCC4) mutation, p.P379S, had an allele frequency of 0.4%, and the XPC mutation, p.P334H, had an allele frequency of 0.3%. With the Hardy-Weinberg equation, it was determined that there should be more than 8000 patients who are homozygous for these mutations in the United States. In contrast, only 3 patients with XP were reported as having the XPF mutation, and 1 patient was reported as having the XPC mutation. Conclusions and Relevance The findings from this study suggest that clinicians should approach large genomic databases with caution when trying to correlate the clinical implications of genetic variants with the prevalence of disease risk. Unsuspected mutations in known genes with a predisposition for skin cancer may be responsible for some of the high frequency of skin cancers in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Pugh
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.,Academy Enrichment Program Scholar, Office of Intramural Training & Education, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sikandar G Khan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Deborah Tamura
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Human Genetics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Human Genetics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John J DiGiovanna
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kenneth H Kraemer
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Lans H, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Vermeulen W, Marteijn JA. The DNA damage response to transcription stress. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:766-784. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Kawara H, Akahori R, Wakasugi M, Sancar A, Matsunaga T. DCAF7 is required for maintaining the cellular levels of ERCC1-XPF and nucleotide excision repair. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:204-210. [PMID: 31493872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The ERCC1-XPF heterodimer is a structure-specific endonuclease and plays multiple roles in various DNA repair pathways including nucleotide excision repair and also telomere maintenance. The dimer formation, which is mediated by their C-terminal helix-hairpin-helix regions, is essential for their endonuclease activity as well as the stability of each protein. However, the detailed mechanism of how a cellular level of ERCC1-XPF is regulated still remains elusive. Here, we report the identification of DDB1- and CUL4-associated factor 7 (DCAF7, also known as WDR68/HAN11) as a novel interacting protein of ERCC1-XPF by mass spectrometry after tandem purification. Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed their interaction and suggested dominant association of DCAF7 with XPF but not ERCC1. Interestingly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of DCAF7, but not DDB1, attenuated the cellular level of ERCC1-XPF, which is partly dependent on proteasome. The depletion of TCP1α, one of components of the molecular chaperon TRiC/CCT known to interact with DCAF7 and promote its folding, also reduced ERCC1-XPF level. Finally, we show that the depletion of DCAF7 causes inefficient repair of UV-induced (6-4) photoproducts, which can be rescued by ectopic overexpression of XPF or ERCC1-XPF. Altogether, our results strongly suggest that DCAF7 is a novel regulator of ERCC1-XPF protein level and cellular nucleotide excision repair activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kawara
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ryo Akahori
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Wakasugi
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Aziz Sancar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tsukasa Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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54
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Alyodawi K, Vermeij WP, Omairi S, Kretz O, Hopkinson M, Solagna F, Joch B, Brandt RMC, Barnhoorn S, van Vliet N, Ridwan Y, Essers J, Mitchell R, Morash T, Pasternack A, Ritvos O, Matsakas A, Collins-Hooper H, Huber TB, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Patel K. Compression of morbidity in a progeroid mouse model through the attenuation of myostatin/activin signalling. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:662-686. [PMID: 30916493 PMCID: PMC6596402 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the principles underpinning our understanding of ageing is that DNA damage induces a stress response that shifts cellular resources from growth towards maintenance. A contrasting and seemingly irreconcilable view is that prompting growth of, for example, skeletal muscle confers systemic benefit. METHODS To investigate the robustness of these axioms, we induced muscle growth in a murine progeroid model through the use of activin receptor IIB ligand trap that dampens myostatin/activin signalling. Progeric mice were then investigated for neurological and muscle function as well as cellular profiling of the muscle, kidney, liver, and bone. RESULTS We show that muscle of Ercc1Δ/- progeroid mice undergoes severe wasting (decreases in hind limb muscle mass of 40-60% compared with normal mass), which is largely protected by attenuating myostatin/activin signalling using soluble activin receptor type IIB (sActRIIB) (increase of 30-62% compared with untreated progeric). sActRIIB-treated progeroid mice maintained muscle activity (distance travel per hour: 5.6 m in untreated mice vs. 13.7 m in treated) and increased specific force (19.3 mN/mg in untreated vs. 24.0 mN/mg in treated). sActRIIb treatment of progeroid mice also improved satellite cell function especially their ability to proliferate on their native substrate (2.5 cells per fibre in untreated progeroids vs. 5.4 in sActRIIB-treated progeroids after 72 h in culture). Besides direct protective effects on muscle, we show systemic improvements to other organs including the structure and function of the kidneys; there was a major decrease in the protein content in urine (albumin/creatinine of 4.9 sActRIIB treated vs. 15.7 in untreated), which is likely to be a result in the normalization of podocyte foot processes, which constitute the filtration apparatus (glomerular basement membrane thickness reduced from 224 to 177 nm following sActRIIB treatment). Treatment of the progeric mice with the activin ligand trap protected against the development of liver abnormalities including polyploidy (18.3% untreated vs. 8.1% treated) and osteoporosis (trabecular bone volume; 0.30 mm3 in treated progeroid mice vs. 0.14 mm3 in untreated mice, cortical bone volume; 0.30 mm3 in treated progeroid mice vs. 0.22 mm3 in untreated mice). The onset of neurological abnormalities was delayed (by ~5 weeks) and their severity reduced, overall sustaining health without affecting lifespan. CONCLUSIONS This study questions the notion that tissue growth and maintaining tissue function during ageing are incompatible mechanisms. It highlights the need for future investigations to assess the potential of therapies based on myostatin/activin blockade to compress morbidity and promote healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Alyodawi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,College of Medicine, Wasit University, Kut, Iraq
| | - Wilbert P Vermeij
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center, Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saleh Omairi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,College of Medicine, Wasit University, Kut, Iraq
| | - Oliver Kretz
- Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Francesca Solagna
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Joch
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Renata M C Brandt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Barnhoorn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yanto Ridwan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Taryn Morash
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Arja Pasternack
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Tobias B Huber
- Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Center for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies and Center for Biological System Analysis, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan H J Hoeijmakers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center, Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,CECAD Forschungszentrum, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies and Center for Biological System Analysis, Freiburg, Germany
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Ben Haj Ali A, Amouri A, Sayeb M, Makni S, Hammami W, Naouali C, Dallali H, Romdhane L, Bashamboo A, McElreavey K, Abdelhak S, Messaoud O. Cytogenetic and molecular diagnosis of Fanconi anemia revealed two hidden phenotypes: Disorder of sex development and cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00694. [PMID: 31124294 PMCID: PMC6625148 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have shown a high rate of consanguinity and endogamy in North African populations. As a result, the frequency of autosomal recessive diseases is relatively high in the region with the co‐occurrence of two or more diseases. Methods We report here on a consanguineous Libyan family whose child was initially diagnosed as presenting Fanconi anemia (FA) with uncommon skeletal deformities. The chromosome breakage test has been performed using mitomycin C (MMC) while molecular analysis was performed by a combined approach of linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing. Results Cytogenetic analyses showed that the karyotype of the female patient is 46,XY suggesting the diagnosis of a disorder of sex development (DSD). By looking at the genetic etiology of FA and DSD, we have identified p.[Arg798*];[Arg798*] mutation in FANCJ (OMIM #605882) gene responsible for FA and p.[Arg108*];[Arg1497Trp] in EFCAB6 (Gene #64800) gene responsible for DSD. In addition, we have incidentally discovered a novel mutation p.[Gly1372Arg];[Gly1372Arg] in the ERCC6 (CSB) (OMIM #609413) gene responsible for COFS that might explain the atypical severe skeletal deformities. Conclusion The co‐occurrence of clinical and overlapping genetic heterogeneous entities should be taken into consideration for better molecular and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Ben Haj Ali
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Amouri
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Sayeb
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Wajih Hammami
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chokri Naouali
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamza Dallali
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lilia Romdhane
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anu Bashamboo
- Human Developmental Genetics, Institut Pasteur de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Sonia Abdelhak
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Messaoud
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Ferri D, Orioli D, Botta E. Heterogeneity and overlaps in nucleotide excision repair disorders. Clin Genet 2019; 97:12-24. [PMID: 30919937 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is an essential DNA repair pathway devoted to the removal of bulky lesions such as photoproducts induced by the ultraviolet (UV) component of solar radiation. Deficiencies in NER typically result in a group of heterogeneous distinct disorders ranging from the mild UV sensitive syndrome to the cancer-prone xeroderma pigmentosum and the neurodevelopmental/progeroid conditions trichothiodystrophy, Cockayne syndrome and cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal-syndrome. A complicated genetic scenario underlines these disorders with the same gene linked to different clinical entities as well as different genes associated with the same disease. Overlap syndromes with combined hallmark features of different NER disorders can occur and sporadic presentations showing extra features of the hematological disorder Fanconi Anemia or neurological manifestations mimicking Hungtinton disease-like syndromes have been described. Here, we discuss the multiple functions of the five major pleiotropic NER genes (ERCC3/XPB, ERCC2/XPD, ERCC5/XPG, ERCC1 and ERCC4/XPF) and their relevance in phenotypic complexity. We provide an update of mutational spectra and examine genotype-phenotype relationships. Finally, the molecular defects that could explain the puzzling overlap syndromes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Ferri
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare (IGM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Donata Orioli
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare (IGM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Botta
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare (IGM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pavia, Italy
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Zhang D, Dai L, Zhou Z, Hu J, Bai Y, Guo H. Homozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing reveal a novel ERCC8 mutation in a Chinese consanguineous family with unique cerebellar ataxia. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 494:64-70. [PMID: 30871974 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A consanguineous Chinese family was affected by an apparently novel autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cerebellar ataxia, cutaneous photosensitivity, and mild intellectual disability. METHODS The family was evaluated by homozygosity mapping, haplotype analysis, whole exome sequencing, and candidate gene mutation screening to identify the disease-associated gene and mutation. Bioinformatics methods were used to predict the functional significance of the mutated gene product. ERCC8 mutations and phenotypes were examined. RESULTS All three patients presented cerebellar ataxia, cutaneous photosensitivity, and mild intellectual disability. Whole genome and candidate region linkage analysis in the consanguineous family revealed a maximum logarithm of the odds score at 5q12.1. This homozygous region was confirmed by homozygosity mapping. The pathogenic missense mutation p.Gly257Arg affecting an evolutionary highly conserved amino acid was identified in ERCC8 at 5q12.1. Integrated application of whole exome sequencing and homozygosity mapping is an efficient approach for gene mapping and mutation identification in consanguineous families. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel ERCC8 mutation and new unique disease phenotype. These results also confirmed the genotype-phenotype relationship between mutations in ERCC8 and clinical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyan Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30#, Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health of National Health and Family Planning Commission (Chongqing Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, 18#, Honghuang Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing 400020, PR China
| | - Limeng Dai
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30#, Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30#, Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30#, Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30#, Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30#, Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
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Shaheen R, Maddirevula S, Ewida N, Alsahli S, Abdel-Salam GMH, Zaki MS, Tala SA, Alhashem A, Softah A, Al-Owain M, Alazami AM, Abadel B, Patel N, Al-Sheddi T, Alomar R, Alobeid E, Ibrahim N, Hashem M, Abdulwahab F, Hamad M, Tabarki B, Alwadei AH, Alhazzani F, Bashiri FA, Kentab A, Şahintürk S, Sherr E, Fregeau B, Sogati S, Alshahwan SAM, Alkhalifi S, Alhumaidi Z, Temtamy S, Aglan M, Otaify G, Girisha KM, Tulbah M, Seidahmed MZ, Salih MA, Abouelhoda M, Momin AA, Saffar MA, Partlow JN, Arold ST, Faqeih E, Walsh C, Alkuraya FS. Genomic and phenotypic delineation of congenital microcephaly. Genet Med 2019; 21:545-552. [PMID: 30214071 PMCID: PMC6986385 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Congenital microcephaly (CM) is an important birth defect with long term neurological sequelae. We aimed to perform detailed phenotypic and genomic analysis of patients with Mendelian forms of CM. METHODS Clinical phenotyping, targeted or exome sequencing, and autozygome analysis. RESULTS We describe 150 patients (104 families) with 56 Mendelian forms of CM. Our data show little overlap with the genetic causes of postnatal microcephaly. We also show that a broad definition of primary microcephaly -as an autosomal recessive form of nonsyndromic CM with severe postnatal deceleration of occipitofrontal circumference-is highly sensitive but has a limited specificity. In addition, we expand the overlap between primary microcephaly and microcephalic primordial dwarfism both clinically (short stature in >52% of patients with primary microcephaly) and molecularly (e.g., we report the first instance of CEP135-related microcephalic primordial dwarfism). We expand the allelic and locus heterogeneity of CM by reporting 37 novel likely disease-causing variants in 27 disease genes, confirming the candidacy of ANKLE2, YARS, FRMD4A, and THG1L, and proposing the candidacy of BPTF, MAP1B, CCNH, and PPFIBP1. CONCLUSION Our study refines the phenotype of CM, expands its genetics heterogeneity, and informs the workup of children born with this developmental brain defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranad Shaheen
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sateesh Maddirevula
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nour Ewida
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alsahli
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada M H Abdel-Salam
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Centre of Excellence of Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Centre of Excellence of Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saeed Al Tala
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetic Unit, Armed Forces Hospital Southern Region, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alhashem
- Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameen Softah
- King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Owain
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas M Alazami
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma Abadel
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nisha Patel
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarfa Al-Sheddi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Alomar
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alobeid
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niema Ibrahim
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mais Hashem
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firdous Abdulwahab
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muddathir Hamad
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brahim Tabarki
- Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Alwadei
- Pediatric Neurology Department, National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alhazzani
- Pediatrics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Bashiri
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Kentab
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Serdar Şahintürk
- Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Department, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Elliott Sherr
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brieana Fregeau
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Samira Sogati
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Ali M Alshahwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Samia Temtamy
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Centre of Excellence of Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Aglan
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Centre of Excellence of Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada Otaify
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, Centre of Excellence of Human Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University (currently Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Manipal, India
| | - Maha Tulbah
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology king Faisal specialist hospital and research center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mustafa A Salih
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abouelhoda
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaque A Momin
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muna Al Saffar
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer N Partlow
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefan T Arold
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eissa Faqeih
- Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Children's Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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59
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Wright CF, West B, Tuke M, Jones SE, Patel K, Laver TW, Beaumont RN, Tyrrell J, Wood AR, Frayling TM, Hattersley AT, Weedon MN. Assessing the Pathogenicity, Penetrance, and Expressivity of Putative Disease-Causing Variants in a Population Setting. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:275-286. [PMID: 30665703 PMCID: PMC6369448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 100,000 genetic variants are classified as disease causing in public databases. However, the true penetrance of many of these rare alleles is uncertain and might be over-estimated by clinical ascertainment. Here, we use data from 379,768 UK Biobank (UKB) participants of European ancestry to assess the pathogenicity and penetrance of putatively clinically important rare variants. Although rare variants are harder to genotype accurately than common variants, we were able to classify as high quality 1,244 of 4,585 (27%) putatively clinically relevant rare (MAF < 1%) variants genotyped on the UKB microarray. We defined as "clinically relevant" variants that were classified as either pathogenic or likely pathogenic in ClinVar or are in genes known to cause two specific monogenic diseases: maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and severe developmental disorders (DDs). We assessed the penetrance and pathogenicity of these high-quality variants by testing their association with 401 clinically relevant traits. 27 of the variants were associated with a UKB trait, and we were able to refine the penetrance estimate for some of the variants. For example, the HNF4A c.340C>T (p.Arg114Trp) (GenBank: NM_175914.4) variant associated with diabetes is <10% penetrant by the time an individual is 40 years old. We also observed associations with relevant traits for heterozygous carriers of some rare recessive conditions, e.g., heterozygous carriers of the ERCC4 c.2395C>T (p.Arg799Trp) variant that causes Xeroderma pigmentosum were more susceptible to sunburn. Finally, we refute the previous disease association of RNF135 in developmental disorders. In conclusion, this study shows that very large population-based studies will help refine our understanding of the pathogenicity of rare genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline F Wright
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK.
| | - Ben West
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Marcus Tuke
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Kashyap Patel
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Thomas W Laver
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK.
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60
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Functional Comparison of XPF Missense Mutations Associated to Multiple DNA Repair Disorders. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10010060. [PMID: 30658521 PMCID: PMC6357085 DOI: 10.3390/genes10010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
XPF endonuclease is one of the most important DNA repair proteins. Encoded by XPF/ERCC4, XPF provides the enzymatic activity of XPF-ERCC1 heterodimer, an endonuclease that incises at the 5’ side of various DNA lesions. XPF is essential for nucleotide excision repair (NER) and interstrand crosslink repair (ICLR). XPF/ERCC4 mutations are associated with several human diseases: Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP), Segmental Progeria (XFE), Fanconi Anemia (FA), Cockayne Syndrome (CS), and XP/CS combined disease (XPCSCD). Most affected individuals are compound heterozygotes for XPF/ERCC4 mutations complicating the identification of genotype/phenotype correlations. We report a detailed overview of NER and ICLR functional studies in human XPF-KO (knock-out) isogenic cells expressing six disease-specific pathogenic XPF amino acid substitution mutations. Ultraviolet (UV) sensitivity and unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assays provide the most reliable information to discern mutations associated with ICLR impairment from mutations related to NER deficiency, whereas recovery of RNA synthesis (RRS) assays results hint to a possible role of XPF in resolving R-loops. Our functional studies demonstrate that a defined cellular phenotype cannot be easily correlated to each XPF mutation. Substituted positions along XPF sequences are not predictive of cellular phenotype nor reflect a particular disease. Therefore, in addition to mutation type, allelic interactions, protein stability and intracellular distribution of mutant proteins may also contribute to alter DNA repair pathways balance leading to clinically distinct disorders.
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61
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Faridounnia M, Folkers GE, Boelens R. Function and Interactions of ERCC1-XPF in DNA Damage Response. Molecules 2018; 23:E3205. [PMID: 30563071 PMCID: PMC6320978 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous proteins are involved in the multiple pathways of the DNA damage response network and play a key role to protect the genome from the wide variety of damages that can occur to DNA. An example of this is the structure-specific endonuclease ERCC1-XPF. This heterodimeric complex is in particular involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER), but also in double strand break repair and interstrand cross-link repair pathways. Here we review the function of ERCC1-XPF in various DNA repair pathways and discuss human disorders associated with ERCC1-XPF deficiency. We also overview our molecular and structural understanding of XPF-ERCC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Faridounnia
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Gert E Folkers
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Rolf Boelens
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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62
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Weon J, Glass D. Novel therapeutic approaches to xeroderma pigmentosum. Br J Dermatol 2018; 181:249-255. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.L. Weon
- Department of Dermatology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX 75390U.S.A
| | - D.A. Glass
- Department of Dermatology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX 75390U.S.A
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX 75390 U.S.A
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63
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Sabatella M, Theil AF, Ribeiro-Silva C, Slyskova J, Thijssen K, Voskamp C, Lans H, Vermeulen W. Repair protein persistence at DNA lesions characterizes XPF defect with Cockayne syndrome features. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:9563-9577. [PMID: 30165384 PMCID: PMC6182131 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure-specific ERCC1-XPF endonuclease plays a key role in DNA damage excision by nucleotide excision repair (NER) and interstrand crosslink repair. Mutations in this complex can either cause xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) or XP combined with Cockayne syndrome (XPCS-complex) or Fanconi anemia. However, most patients carry compound heterozygous mutations, which confounds the dissection of the phenotypic consequences for each of the identified XPF alleles. Here, we analyzed the functional impact of individual pathogenic XPF alleles on NER. We show that XP-causing mutations diminish XPF recruitment to DNA damage and only mildly affect global genome NER. In contrast, an XPCS-complex-specific mutation causes persistent recruitment of XPF and the upstream core NER machinery to DNA damage and severely impairs both global genome and transcription-coupled NER. Remarkably, persistence of NER factors at DNA damage appears to be a common feature of XPCS-complex cells, suggesting that this could be a determining factor contributing to the development of additional developmental and/or neurodegenerative features in XP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Sabatella
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan F Theil
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Ribeiro-Silva
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Jana Slyskova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Thijssen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal Voskamp
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Hannes Lans
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
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64
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Yates M, Maréchal A. Ubiquitylation at the Fork: Making and Breaking Chains to Complete DNA Replication. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2909. [PMID: 30257459 PMCID: PMC6213728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete and accurate replication of the genome is a crucial aspect of cell proliferation that is often perturbed during oncogenesis. Replication stress arising from a variety of obstacles to replication fork progression and processivity is an important contributor to genome destabilization. Accordingly, cells mount a complex response to this stress that allows the stabilization and restart of stalled replication forks and enables the full duplication of the genetic material. This response articulates itself on three important platforms, Replication Protein A/RPA-coated single-stranded DNA, the DNA polymerase processivity clamp PCNA and the FANCD2/I Fanconi Anemia complex. On these platforms, the recruitment, activation and release of a variety of genome maintenance factors is regulated by post-translational modifications including mono- and poly-ubiquitylation. Here, we review recent insights into the control of replication fork stability and restart by the ubiquitin system during replication stress with a particular focus on human cells. We highlight the roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases, ubiquitin readers and deubiquitylases that provide the required flexibility at stalled forks to select the optimal restart pathways and rescue genome stability during stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïlyn Yates
- Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada.
| | - Alexandre Maréchal
- Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada.
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65
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Gurkar AU, Robinson AR, Cui Y, Li X, Allani SK, Webster A, Muravia M, Fallahi M, Weissbach H, Robbins PD, Wang Y, Kelley EE, Croix CMS, Niedernhofer LJ, Gill MS. Dysregulation of DAF-16/FOXO3A-mediated stress responses accelerates oxidative DNA damage induced aging. Redox Biol 2018; 18:191-199. [PMID: 30031267 PMCID: PMC6076207 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage is presumed to be one type of stochastic macromolecular damage that contributes to aging, yet little is known about the precise mechanism by which DNA damage drives aging. Here, we attempt to address this gap in knowledge using DNA repair-deficient C. elegans and mice. ERCC1-XPF is a nuclear endonuclease required for genomic stability and loss of ERCC1 in humans and mice accelerates the incidence of age-related pathologies. Like mice, ercc-1 worms are UV sensitive, shorter lived, display premature functional decline and they accumulate spontaneous oxidative DNA lesions (cyclopurines) more rapidly than wild-type worms. We found that ercc-1 worms displayed early activation of DAF-16 relative to wild-type worms, which conferred resistance to multiple stressors and was important for maximal longevity of the mutant worms. However, DAF-16 activity was not maintained over the lifespan of ercc-1 animals and this decline in DAF-16 activation corresponded with a loss of stress resistance, a rise in oxidant levels and increased morbidity, all of which were cep-1/ p53 dependent. A similar early activation of FOXO3A (the mammalian homolog of DAF-16), with increased resistance to oxidative stress, followed by a decline in FOXO3A activity and an increase in oxidant abundance was observed in Ercc1-/- primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Likewise, in vivo, ERCC1-deficient mice had transient activation of FOXO3A in early adulthood as did middle-aged wild-type mice, followed by a late life decline. The healthspan and mean lifespan of ERCC1 deficient mice was rescued by inactivation of p53. These data indicate that activation of DAF-16/FOXO3A is a highly conserved response to genotoxic stress that is important for suppressing consequent oxidative stress. Correspondingly, dysregulation of DAF-16/FOXO3A appears to underpin shortened healthspan and lifespan, rather than the increased DNA damage burden itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi U Gurkar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Andria R Robinson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yuxiang Cui
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Xuesen Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Shailaja K Allani
- Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Amanda Webster
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Mariya Muravia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Mohammad Fallahi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Herbert Weissbach
- Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Eric E Kelley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Claudette M St Croix
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States.
| | - Matthew S Gill
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States.
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66
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Distinct roles of XPF-ERCC1 and Rad1-Rad10-Saw1 in replication-coupled and uncoupled inter-strand crosslink repair. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2025. [PMID: 29795289 PMCID: PMC5966407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04327-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast Rad1-Rad10 (XPF-ERCC1 in mammals) incises UV, oxidation, and cross-linking agent-induced DNA lesions, and contributes to multiple DNA repair pathways. To determine how Rad1-Rad10 catalyzes inter-strand crosslink repair (ICLR), we examined sensitivity to ICLs from yeast deleted for SAW1 and SLX4, which encode proteins that interact physically with Rad1-Rad10 and bind stalled replication forks. Saw1, Slx1, and Slx4 are critical for replication-coupled ICLR in mus81 deficient cells. Two rad1 mutations that disrupt interactions between Rpa1 and Rad1-Rad10 selectively disable non-nucleotide excision repair (NER) function, but retain UV lesion repair. Mutations in the analogous region of XPF also compromised XPF interactions with Rpa1 and Slx4, and are proficient in NER but deficient in ICLR and direct repeat recombination. We propose that Rad1-Rad10 makes distinct contributions to ICLR depending on cell cycle phase: in G1, Rad1-Rad10 removes ICL via NER, whereas in S/G2, Rad1-Rad10 facilitates NER-independent replication-coupled ICLR.
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67
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Touat M, Sourisseau T, Dorvault N, Chabanon RM, Garrido M, Morel D, Krastev DB, Bigot L, Adam J, Frankum JR, Durand S, Pontoizeau C, Souquère S, Kuo MS, Sauvaigo S, Mardakheh F, Sarasin A, Olaussen KA, Friboulet L, Bouillaud F, Pierron G, Ashworth A, Lombès A, Lord CJ, Soria JC, Postel-Vinay S. DNA repair deficiency sensitizes lung cancer cells to NAD+ biosynthesis blockade. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1671-1687. [PMID: 29447131 PMCID: PMC5873862 DOI: 10.1172/jci90277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic lethality is an efficient mechanism-based approach to selectively target DNA repair defects. Excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) deficiency is frequently found in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), making this DNA repair protein an attractive target for exploiting synthetic lethal approaches in the disease. Using unbiased proteomic and metabolic high-throughput profiling on a unique in-house-generated isogenic model of ERCC1 deficiency, we found marked metabolic rewiring of ERCC1-deficient populations, including decreased levels of the metabolite NAD+ and reduced expression of the rate-limiting NAD+ biosynthetic enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). We also found reduced NAMPT expression in NSCLC samples with low levels of ERCC1. These metabolic alterations were a primary effect of ERCC1 deficiency, and caused selective exquisite sensitivity to small-molecule NAMPT inhibitors, both in vitro - ERCC1-deficient cells being approximately 1,000 times more sensitive than ERCC1-WT cells - and in vivo. Using transmission electronic microscopy and functional metabolic studies, we found that ERCC1-deficient cells harbor mitochondrial defects. We propose a model where NAD+ acts as a regulator of ERCC1-deficient NSCLC cell fitness. These findings open therapeutic opportunities that exploit a yet-undescribed nuclear-mitochondrial synthetic lethal relationship in NSCLC models, and highlight the potential for targeting DNA repair/metabolic crosstalks for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Touat
- Inserm U981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et d’Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMRS1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epiniere, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Tony Sourisseau
- Inserm U981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Nicolas Dorvault
- Inserm U981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Inserm U981, ATIP-Avenir Team, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Roman M. Chabanon
- Inserm U981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Inserm U981, ATIP-Avenir Team, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Marlène Garrido
- Inserm U981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Inserm U981, ATIP-Avenir Team, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Daphné Morel
- Inserm U981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Inserm U981, ATIP-Avenir Team, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Dragomir B. Krastev
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ludovic Bigot
- Inserm U981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Julien Adam
- Inserm U981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Département de Biologie et Pathologies Médicales, and
| | - Jessica R. Frankum
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvère Durand
- Metabolomics Platform, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Clement Pontoizeau
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Service de Biochimie Métabolomique et Protéomique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Inserm U1163, Institut Imagine, Equipe “Génétique des Maladies Mitochondriales” and Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Souquère
- CNRS UMR-9196, Functional Organization of the Cell, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Mei-Shiue Kuo
- Inserm U981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Faraz Mardakheh
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alain Sarasin
- CNRS UMR-8200, Laboratory of Genetic Stability and Oncogenesis, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Ken A. Olaussen
- Inserm U981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de médecine Paris-Sud XI, Kremlin-Bicêtre
| | - Luc Friboulet
- Inserm U981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Frédéric Bouillaud
- Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris-Descartes-Paris 5, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Pierron
- CNRS UMR-9196, Functional Organization of the Cell, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Alan Ashworth
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, USA
| | - Anne Lombès
- Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris-Descartes-Paris 5, Paris, France
| | - Christopher J. Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Charles Soria
- Inserm U981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et d’Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de médecine Paris-Sud XI, Kremlin-Bicêtre
| | - Sophie Postel-Vinay
- Inserm U981, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et d’Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Inserm U981, ATIP-Avenir Team, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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68
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The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of ROS: New Insights on Aging and Aging-Related Diseases from Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Model Organisms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1941285. [PMID: 29743972 PMCID: PMC5878877 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1941285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with the accumulation of cellular damage over the course of a lifetime. This process is promoted in large part by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated via cellular metabolic and respiratory pathways. Pharmacological, nonpharmacological, and genetic interventions have been used to target cellular and mitochondrial networks in an effort to decipher aging and age-related disorders. While ROS historically have been viewed as a detrimental byproduct of normal metabolism and associated with several pathologies, recent research has revealed a more complex and beneficial role of ROS in regulating metabolism, development, and lifespan. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in ROS research, focusing on both the beneficial and harmful roles of ROS, many of which are conserved across species from bacteria to humans, in various aspects of cellular physiology. These studies provide a new context for our understanding of the parts ROS play in health and disease. Moreover, we highlight the utility of bacterial models to elucidate the molecular pathways by which ROS mediate aging and aging-related diseases.
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69
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Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a genetic disorder that is characterized by bone marrow failure (BMF), developmental abnormalities and predisposition to cancer. Together with other proteins involved in DNA repair processes and cell division, the FA proteins maintain genome homeostasis, and germline mutation of any one of the genes that encode FA proteins causes FA. Monoallelic inactivation of some FA genes, such as FA complementation group D1 (FANCD1; also known as the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA2), leads to adult-onset cancer predisposition but does not cause FA, and somatic mutations in FA genes occur in cancers in the general population. Carcinogenesis resulting from a dysregulated FA pathway is multifaceted, as FA proteins monitor multiple complementary genome-surveillance checkpoints throughout interphase, where monoubiquitylation of the FANCD2-FANCI heterodimer by the FA core complex promotes recruitment of DNA repair effectors to chromatin lesions to resolve DNA damage and mitosis. In this Review, we discuss how the FA pathway safeguards genome integrity throughout the cell cycle and show how studies of FA have revealed opportunities to develop rational therapeutics for this genetic disease and for malignancies that acquire somatic mutations within the FA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Nalepa
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W Walnut Street, R4-421, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Room 5900, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - D Wade Clapp
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Room 5900, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA
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70
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Doi H, Koyano S, Miyatake S, Nakajima S, Nakazawa Y, Kunii M, Tomita-Katsumoto A, Oda K, Yamaguchi Y, Fukai R, Ikeda S, Kato R, Ogata K, Kubota S, Hayashi N, Takahashi K, Tada M, Tanaka K, Nakashima M, Tsurusaki Y, Miyake N, Saitsu H, Ogi T, Aihara M, Takeuchi H, Matsumoto N, Tanaka F. Cerebellar ataxia-dominant phenotype in patients with ERCC4 mutations. J Hum Genet 2018; 63:417-423. [DOI: 10.1038/s10038-017-0408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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71
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Prates Mori M, de Souza-Pinto NC. Role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of DNA repair disorders. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:643-650. [PMID: 29271530 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA is constantly being damaged, either by endogenous or exogenous genotoxins. In that regard, DNA repair activities are essential for maintaining genomic stability and to life itself. Mutations in genes encoding DNA repair proteins cause severe human syndromes, but DNA repair defects have also been linked to several other diseases, notably to cancer and normal aging. Recently, new evidence has emerged indicating that some DNA repair diseases display mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction through mechanisms that are yet being uncovered. These results suggest that mitochondria play an import role in the DNA damage response pathways and that damage accumulation may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction via metabolic imbalance and mitophagy impairment. Here we review the recent findings linking mitochondrial impairment and cell death to DNA damage accumulation in the context of DNA repair defects. In addition, the general involvement of DNA damage in cellular dysfunction suggests that these phenomena may be also involved in other human pathologies in which mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic disruption play causative roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Prates Mori
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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72
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Popp I, Punekar M, Telford N, Stivaros S, Chandler K, Minnis M, Castleton A, Higham C, Hopewell L, Gareth Evans D, Raams A, Theil AF, Meyer S, Schindler D. Fanconi anemia with sun-sensitivity caused by a Xeroderma pigmentosum-associated missense mutation in XPF. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:7. [PMID: 29325523 PMCID: PMC5765604 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited genomic instability disorder with congenital and developmental abnormalities, bone marrow failure and predisposition to cancer early in life, and cellular sensitivity to DNA interstrand crosslinks. CASE PRESENTATION A fifty-one-year old female patient, initially diagnosed with FA in childhood on the basis of classic features and increased chromosomal breakage, and remarkable sun-sensitivity is described. She only ever had mild haematological abnormalities and no history of malignancy. To identify and characterise the genetic defect in this lady, who is one of the oldest reported FA patients, we used whole-exome sequencing for identification of causative mutations, and functionally characterized the cellular phenotype. Detection of the novel splice site mutation c.793-2A > G and the previously described missense mutation c.1765C > T (p.Arg589Trp) in XPF/ERCC4/FANCQ assign her as the third individual of complementation group FA-Q. Ectopic expression of wildtype, but not mutant, XPF/ERCC4/FANCQ, in patient-derived fibroblasts rescued cellular resistance to DNA interstrand-crosslinking agents. Patient derived FA-Q cells showed impaired nuclear excision repair capacity. However, mutated XPF/ERCC4/FANCQ protein in our patient's cells, as in the two other patients with FA-Q, was detectable on chromatin, in contrast to XP-F cells, where missense-mutant protein failed to properly translocate to the nucleus. CONCLUSIONS Patients with FA characteristics and UV sensitivity should be tested for mutations in XPF/ERCC4/FANCQ. The missense mutation p.Arg589Trp was previously detected in patients diagnosed with Xeroderma pigmentosum or Cockayne syndrome. Hence, phenotypic manifestations associated with this XPF/ERCC4/ FANCQ mutation are highly variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Popp
- Department of Human Genetics, Biozentrum, University of Wurzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Maqsood Punekar
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - Nick Telford
- Oncology Cytogenetics, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Stavros Stivaros
- Institute of Population Health, Centre for Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Kate Chandler
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Department of Genetic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Meenakshi Minnis
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Department of Genetic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Anna Castleton
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Claire Higham
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Louise Hopewell
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Department of Genetic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Anja Raams
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan F Theil
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Meyer
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK. .,Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK. .,Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. .,Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK. .,Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, c/o Young Oncology Unit, Christie Hospital, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 6XB, UK.
| | - Detlev Schindler
- Department of Human Genetics, Biozentrum, University of Wurzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Wurzburg, Germany.
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73
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Lehmann J, Schubert S, Seebode C, Apel A, Ohlenbusch A, Emmert S. Splice variants of the endonucleases XPF and XPG contain residual DNA repair capabilities and could be a valuable tool for personalized medicine. Oncotarget 2018; 9:1012-1027. [PMID: 29416673 PMCID: PMC5787415 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The two endonucleases XPF and XPG are essentially involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) and interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair. Defects in these two proteins result in severe diseases like xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). We applied our newly CRISPR/Cas9 generated human XPF knockout cell line with complete loss of XPF and primary fibroblasts from an XP-G patient (XP20BE) to analyze until now uncharacterized spontaneous mRNA splice variants of these two endonucleases. Functional analyses of these variants were performed using luciferase-based reporter gene assays. Two XPF and XPG splice variants with residual repair capabilities in NER, as well as ICL repair could be identified. Almost all variants are severely C-terminally truncated and lack important protein-protein interaction domains. Interestingly, XPF-202, differing to XPF-003 in the first 12 amino acids only, had no repair capability at all, suggesting an important role of this region during DNA repair, potentially concerning protein-protein interaction. We also identified splice variants of XPF and XPG exerting inhibitory effects on NER. Moreover, we showed that the XPF and XPG splice variants presented with different inter-individual expression patterns in healthy donors, as well as in various tissues. With regard to their residual repair capability and dominant-negative effects, functionally relevant spontaneous XPF and XPG splice variants present promising prognostic marker candidates for individual cancer risk, disease outcome, or therapeutic success. This merits further investigations, large association studies, and translational research within clinical trials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janin Lehmann
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Steffen Schubert
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christina Seebode
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Antje Apel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ohlenbusch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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74
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Mori T, Yousefzadeh MJ, Faridounnia M, Chong JX, Hisama FM, Hudgins L, Mercado G, Wade EA, Barghouthy AS, Lee L, Martin GM, Nickerson DA, Bamshad MJ, Niedernhofer LJ, Oshima J. ERCC4 variants identified in a cohort of patients with segmental progeroid syndromes. Hum Mutat 2017; 39:255-265. [PMID: 29105242 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in genes, which encode DNA repair and damage response proteins, result in a number of genomic instability syndromes with features of accelerated aging. ERCC4 (XPF) encodes a protein that forms a complex with ERCC1 and is required for the 5' incision during nucleotide excision repair. ERCC4 is also FANCQ, illustrating a critical role in interstrand crosslink repair. Pathogenic variants in this gene cause xeroderma pigmentosum, XFE progeroid syndrome, Cockayne syndrome (CS), and Fanconi anemia. We performed massive parallel sequencing for 42 unsolved cases submitted to the International Registry of Werner Syndrome. Two cases, each carrying two novel heterozygous ERCC4 variants, were identified. The first case was a compound heterozygote for: c.2395C > T (p.Arg799Trp) and c.388+1164_792+795del (p.Gly130Aspfs*18). Further molecular and cellular studies indicated that the ERCC4 variants in this patient are responsible for a phenotype consistent with a variant of CS. The second case was heterozygous for two variants in cis: c.[1488A > T; c.2579C > A] (p.[Gln496His; Ala860Asp]). While the second case also had several phenotypic features of accelerated aging, we were unable to provide biological evidence supporting the pathogenic roles of the associated ERCC4 variants. Precise genetic causes and disease mechanism of the second case remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayasu Mori
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Matthew J Yousefzadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Maryam Faridounnia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Jessica X Chong
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Fuki M Hisama
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Louanne Hudgins
- Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Erin A Wade
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Amira S Barghouthy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Lin Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - George M Martin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Genetic Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
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- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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75
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Niraj J, Caron MC, Drapeau K, Bérubé S, Guitton-Sert L, Coulombe Y, Couturier AM, Masson JY. The identification of FANCD2 DNA binding domains reveals nuclear localization sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:8341-8357. [PMID: 28666371 PMCID: PMC5737651 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a recessive genetic disorder characterized by congenital abnormalities, progressive bone-marrow failure, and cancer susceptibility. The FA pathway consists of at least 21 FANC genes (FANCA-FANCV), and the encoded protein products interact in a common cellular pathway to gain resistance against DNA interstrand crosslinks. After DNA damage, FANCD2 is monoubiquitinated and accumulates on chromatin. FANCD2 plays a central role in the FA pathway, using yet unidentified DNA binding regions. By using synthetic peptide mapping and DNA binding screen by electromobility shift assays, we found that FANCD2 bears two major DNA binding domains predominantly consisting of evolutionary conserved lysine residues. Furthermore, one domain at the N-terminus of FANCD2 bears also nuclear localization sequences for the protein. Mutations in the bifunctional DNA binding/NLS domain lead to a reduction in FANCD2 monoubiquitination and increase in mitomycin C sensitivity. Such phenotypes are not fully rescued by fusion with an heterologous NLS, which enable separation of DNA binding and nuclear import functions within this domain that are necessary for FANCD2 functions. Collectively, our results enlighten the importance of DNA binding and NLS residues in FANCD2 to activate an efficient FA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshi Niraj
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Axis, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology; Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Caron
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Axis, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology; Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Karine Drapeau
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Axis, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology; Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Bérubé
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Axis, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology; Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Laure Guitton-Sert
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Axis, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology; Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Yan Coulombe
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Axis, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology; Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Anthony M Couturier
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Axis, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology; Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Axis, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology; Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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76
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Clinical application of SNP array analysis in fetuses with ventricular septal defects and normal karyotypes. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 296:929-940. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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77
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Ejaz R, Lionel AC, Blaser S, Walker S, Scherer SW, Babul-Hirji R, Marshall CR, Stavropoulos DJ, Chitayat D. De novo pathogenic variant in TUBB2A presenting with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, brain abnormalities, and severe developmental delay. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2725-2730. [PMID: 28840640 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of brain formation can occur from pathogenic variants in various alpha and beta tubulin genes. Heterozygous pathogenic variants in the beta tubulin isotype A gene, TUBB2A, have been recently implicated in brain malformations, seizures, and developmental delay. Limited information is known regarding the phenotypic spectrum associated with pathogenic variants in this gene given the rarity of the condition. We report the sixth individual with a de novo heterozygous TUBB2A pathogenic variant, who presented with a severe neurological phenotype along with unique features of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, optic nerve hypoplasia, dysmorphic facial features, and vocal cord paralysis, thereby expanding the gene-related phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resham Ejaz
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anath C Lionel
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan Blaser
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan Walker
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Riyana Babul-Hirji
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian R Marshall
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dimitri J Stavropoulos
- Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Chitayat
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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78
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando D Schärer
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
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79
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Lehmann J, Seebode C, Smolorz S, Schubert S, Emmert S. XPF knockout via CRISPR/Cas9 reveals that ERCC1 is retained in the cytoplasm without its heterodimer partner XPF. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2081-2094. [PMID: 28130555 PMCID: PMC11107539 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The XPF/ERCC1 heterodimeric complex is essentially involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER), interstrand crosslink (ICL), and double-strand break repair. Defects in XPF lead to severe diseases like xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). Up until now, XP-F patient cells have been utilized for functional analyses. Due to the multiple roles of the XPF/ERCC1 complex, these patient cells retain at least one full-length allele and residual repair capabilities. Despite the essential function of the XPF/ERCC1 complex for the human organism, we successfully generated a viable immortalised human XPF knockout cell line with complete loss of XPF using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique in fetal lung fibroblasts (MRC5Vi cells). These cells showed a markedly increased sensitivity to UVC, cisplatin, and psoralen activated by UVA as well as reduced repair capabilities for NER and ICL repair as assessed by reporter gene assays. Using the newly generated knockout cells, we could show that human XPF is markedly involved in homologous recombination repair (HRR) but dispensable for non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). Notably, ERCC1 was not detectable in the nucleus of the XPF knockout cells indicating the necessity of a functional XPF/ERCC1 heterodimer to allow ERCC1 to enter the nucleus. Overexpression of wild-type XPF could reverse this effect as well as the repair deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janin Lehmann
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Centre Rostock, Strempelstrasse 13, 18057, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christina Seebode
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Centre Rostock, Strempelstrasse 13, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sabine Smolorz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Schubert
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Centre Rostock, Strempelstrasse 13, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
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80
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Gueiderikh A, Rosselli F, Neto JBC. A never-ending story: the steadily growing family of the FA and FA-like genes. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:398-407. [PMID: 28558075 PMCID: PMC5488462 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the chromosome fragility-associated human syndromes that present cancer predisposition, Fanconi anemia (FA) is unique due to its large genetic heterogeneity. To date, mutations in 21 genes have been associated with an FA or an FA-like clinical and cellular phenotype, whose hallmarks are bone marrow failure, predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia and a cellular and chromosomal hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents exposure. The goal of this review is to trace the history of the identification of FA genes, a history that started in the eighties and is not yet over, as indicated by the cloning of a twenty-first FA gene in 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gueiderikh
- UMR8200 - CNRS, Équipe labellisée La Ligue contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Saclay, Paris Sud - Orsay, France
| | - Filippo Rosselli
- UMR8200 - CNRS, Équipe labellisée La Ligue contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Saclay, Paris Sud - Orsay, France
| | - Januario B C Neto
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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81
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Chesner LN, Degner A, Sangaraju D, Yomtoubian S, Wickramaratne S, Malayappan B, Tretyakova N, Campbell C. Cellular Repair of DNA-DNA Cross-Links Induced by 1,2,3,4-Diepoxybutane. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051086. [PMID: 28524082 PMCID: PMC5454995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenobiotic-induced interstrand DNA–DNA cross-links (ICL) interfere with transcription and replication and can be converted to toxic DNA double strand breaks. In this work, we investigated cellular responses to 1,4-bis-(guan-7-yl)-2,3-butanediol (bis-N7G-BD) cross-links induced by 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB). High pressure liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI+-MS/MS) assays were used to quantify the formation and repair of bis-N7G-BD cross-links in wild-type Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79) and the corresponding isogenic clones V-H1 and V-H4, deficient in the XPD and FANCA genes, respectively. Both V-H1 and V-H4 cells exhibited enhanced sensitivity to DEB-induced cell death and elevated bis-N7G-BD cross-links. However, relatively modest increases of bis-N7G-BD adduct levels in V-H4 clones did not correlate with their hypersensitivity to DEB. Further, bis-N7G-BD levels were not elevated in DEB-treated human clones with defects in the XPA or FANCD2 genes. Comet assays and γ-H2AX focus analyses conducted with hamster cells revealed that ICL removal was associated with chromosomal double strand break formation, and that these breaks persisted in V-H4 cells as compared to control cells. Our findings suggest that ICL repair in cells with defects in the Fanconi anemia repair pathway is associated with aberrant re-joining of repair-induced double strand breaks, potentially resulting in lethal chromosome rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa N Chesner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Amanda Degner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Dewakar Sangaraju
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Shira Yomtoubian
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Susith Wickramaratne
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Bhaskar Malayappan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Natalia Tretyakova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Colin Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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82
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Giordano CN, Yew YW, Spivak G, Lim HW. Understanding photodermatoses associated with defective DNA repair: Syndromes with cancer predisposition. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 75:855-870. [PMID: 27745641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary photodermatoses are a spectrum of rare photosensitive disorders that are often caused by genetic deficiency or malfunction of various components of the DNA repair pathway. This results clinically in extreme photosensitivity, with many syndromes exhibiting an increased risk of cutaneous malignancies. This review will focus specifically on the syndromes with malignant potential, including xeroderma pigmentosum, Bloom syndrome, and Rothmund-Thomson syndrome. The typical phenotypic findings of each disorder will be examined and contrasted, including noncutaneous identifiers to aid in diagnosis. The management of these patients will also be discussed. At this time, the mainstay of therapy remains strict photoprotection; however, genetic therapies are under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yik Weng Yew
- Department of Dermatology, National Skin Centre, Singapore
| | - Graciela Spivak
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.
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83
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Yew YW, Giordano CN, Spivak G, Lim HW. Understanding photodermatoses associated with defective DNA repair: Photosensitive syndromes without associated cancer predisposition. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 75:873-882. [PMID: 27745642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Photodermatoses associated with defective DNA repair are a group of photosensitive hereditary skin disorders. In this review, we focus on diseases and syndromes with defective nucleotide excision repair that are not accompanied by an increased risk of cutaneous malignancies despite having photosensitivity. Specifically, the gene mutations and transcription defects, epidemiology, and clinical features of Cockayne syndrome, cerebro-oculo-facial-skeletal syndrome, ultraviolet-sensitive syndrome, and trichothiodystrophy will be discussed. These conditions may also have other extracutaneous involvement affecting the neurologic system and growth and development. Rigorous photoprotection remains an important component of the management of these inherited DNA repair-deficiency photodermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik Weng Yew
- Department of Dermatology, National Skin Centre, Singapore
| | | | - Graciela Spivak
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.
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84
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Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum-Cockayne syndrome complex is a very rare multisystem degenerative disorder (Orpha: 220295; OMIM: 278730, 278760, 278780, 610651). Published information on XP-CS is mostly scattered throughout the literature. We compiled statistics related to symptom prevalence in XP-CS and have written a clinical description of the syndrome. We also drew on clinical practices used in XP and in Cockayne syndrome without XP to aid management of XP-CS. Extensive searches of the literature identified 43 XP-CS patients. The diagnosis had been confirmed with molecular or biochemical methods in 42 of them. Clinical features of each patient were summarized in spreadsheets and summary statistics were generated from this data. XP patients are classified into complementation groups according to the gene that is mutated. There are four groups in XP-CS, and classification was available for 42 patients. Twenty-one were in the XP-G complementation group, 13 in XP-D, 5 in XP-B, and 3 in XP-F. Overall, the clinical features of XP-CS are very similar to those of CS without XP, with the exception of skin cancers in XP-CS. However, one intriguing finding was that cancer incidence was lower in XP-CS compared to XP alone or XP-neurological disorder. The cancer rate in XP-CS was higher than in CS without XP, an unsurprising finding. There is preliminary evidence for the existence of severity groups in XP-CS, as is the case in CS. Although health problems in XP-CS vary both in severity and in when they the first occur, there was overall homogeneity between all complementation groups and putative severity groups. Severely affected patients met fewer milestones and died at younger ages compared to more mildly affected patients.
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85
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Carré G, Marelli C, Anheim M, Geny C, Renaud M, Rezvani HR, Koenig M, Guissart C, Tranchant C. Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group F: A rare cause of cerebellar ataxia with chorea. J Neurol Sci 2017; 376:198-201. [PMID: 28431612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The complementation group F of Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP-F) is rare in the Caucasian population, and usually devoid of neurological symptoms. We report two cases, both Caucasian, who exhibited progressive cerebellar ataxia, chorea, a mild subcortical frontal cognitive impairment, and in one case severe polyneuropathy. Brain MRI demonstrated cerebellar (2/2) and cortical (1/2) atrophy. Both patients had only mild sunburn sensitivity and no skin cancer. Mini-exome sequencing approach revealed in ERCC4, two heterozygous mutations, one of which was never described (c.580-584+1delCCAAGG, exon 3), in the first case, and an already reported homozygous mutation, in the second case. These cases emphasize that XP-F is a rare cause of recessive cerebellar ataxia and can in some cases clinically mimic Huntington's disease due to chorea and executive impairment. The association of ataxia, chorea, and sun hypersensitivity are major guidance for the diagnosis, which should not be missed, in order to prevent skin neoplastic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carré
- Department of Neurology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France.
| | - C Marelli
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - M Anheim
- Department of Neurology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France; FMTS, Medecine Faculty, Strasbourg, France
| | - C Geny
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - M Renaud
- Department of Neurology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - H R Rezvani
- INSERM U1035- Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - M Koenig
- EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - C Guissart
- EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - C Tranchant
- Department of Neurology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France; FMTS, Medecine Faculty, Strasbourg, France
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86
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Klein Douwel D, Hoogenboom WS, Boonen RA, Knipscheer P. Recruitment and positioning determine the specific role of the XPF-ERCC1 endonuclease in interstrand crosslink repair. EMBO J 2017; 36:2034-2046. [PMID: 28292785 PMCID: PMC5510004 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
XPF‐ERCC1 is a structure‐specific endonuclease pivotal for several DNA repair pathways and, when mutated, can cause multiple diseases. Although the disease‐specific mutations are thought to affect different DNA repair pathways, the molecular basis for this is unknown. Here we examine the function of XPF‐ERCC1 in DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair. We used Xenopus egg extracts to measure both ICL and nucleotide excision repair, and we identified mutations that are specifically defective in ICL repair. One of these separation‐of‐function mutations resides in the helicase‐like domain of XPF and disrupts binding to SLX4 and recruitment to the ICL. A small deletion in the same domain supports recruitment of XPF to the ICL, but inhibited the unhooking incisions most likely by disrupting a second, transient interaction with SLX4. Finally, mutation of residues in the nuclease domain did not affect localization of XPF‐ERCC1 to the ICL but did prevent incisions on the ICL substrate. Our data support a model in which the ICL repair‐specific function of XPF‐ERCC1 is dependent on recruitment, positioning and substrate recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Klein Douwel
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW, University Medical Center Utrecht & Cancer GenomiCs Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter S Hoogenboom
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW, University Medical Center Utrecht & Cancer GenomiCs Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Acm Boonen
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW, University Medical Center Utrecht & Cancer GenomiCs Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Puck Knipscheer
- Hubrecht Institute - KNAW, University Medical Center Utrecht & Cancer GenomiCs Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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87
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Wyatt HDM, Laister RC, Martin SR, Arrowsmith CH, West SC. The SMX DNA Repair Tri-nuclease. Mol Cell 2017; 65:848-860.e11. [PMID: 28257701 PMCID: PMC5344696 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The efficient removal of replication and recombination intermediates is essential for the maintenance of genome stability. Resolution of these potentially toxic structures requires the MUS81-EME1 endonuclease, which is activated at prometaphase by formation of the SMX tri-nuclease containing three DNA repair structure-selective endonucleases: SLX1-SLX4, MUS81-EME1, and XPF-ERCC1. Here we show that SMX tri-nuclease is more active than the three individual nucleases, efficiently cleaving replication forks and recombination intermediates. Within SMX, SLX4 co-ordinates the SLX1 and MUS81-EME1 nucleases for Holliday junction resolution, in a reaction stimulated by XPF-ERCC1. SMX formation activates MUS81-EME1 for replication fork and flap structure cleavage by relaxing substrate specificity. Activation involves MUS81's conserved N-terminal HhH domain, which mediates incision site selection and SLX4 binding. Cell cycle-dependent formation and activation of this tri-nuclease complex provides a unique mechanism by which cells ensure chromosome segregation and preserve genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley D M Wyatt
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rob C Laister
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Stephen R Martin
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Stephen C West
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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88
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Wegman-Ostrosky T, Savage SA. The genomics of inherited bone marrow failure: from mechanism to the clinic. Br J Haematol 2017; 177:526-542. [PMID: 28211564 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) typically present with significant cytopenias in at least one haematopoietic cell lineage that may progress to pancytopenia, and are associated with increased risk of cancer. Although the clinical features of the IBMFS are often diagnostic, variable disease penetrance and expressivity may result in diagnostic dilemmas. The discovery of the genetic aetiology of the IBMFS has been greatly facilitated by next-generation sequencing methods. This has advanced understanding of the underlying biology of the IBMFS and been essential in improving clinical management and genetic counselling for affected patients. Herein we review the clinical features, underlying biology, and new genomic discoveries in the IBMFS, including Fanconi anaemia, dyskeratosis congenita, Diamond Blackfan anaemia, Shwachman Diamond syndrome and some disorders of the myeloid and megakaryocytic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Wegman-Ostrosky
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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89
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Biological and predictive role of ERCC1 polymorphisms in cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 111:133-143. [PMID: 28259288 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) is a key component in DNA repair mechanisms and may influence the tumor DNA-targeting effect of the chemotherapeutic agent oxaliplatin. Germline ERCC1 polymorphisms may alter the protein expression and published data on their predictive and prognostic value have so far been contradictory. In the present article we review available evidence on the clinical role and utility of ERCC1 polymorphisms and, in the absence of a 'perfect' trial, what we call the 'sliding doors' trial, we present the data of ERCC1 genotyping in our local patient population. We found a useful predictive value for oxaliplatin-induced risk of anemia.
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90
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Das D, Faridounnia M, Kovacic L, Kaptein R, Boelens R, Folkers GE. Single-stranded DNA Binding by the Helix-Hairpin-Helix Domain of XPF Protein Contributes to the Substrate Specificity of the ERCC1-XPF Protein Complex. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:2842-2853. [PMID: 28028171 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.747857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide excision repair protein complex ERCC1-XPF is required for incision of DNA upstream of DNA damage. Functional studies have provided insights into the binding of ERCC1-XPF to various DNA substrates. However, because no structure for the ERCC1-XPF-DNA complex has been determined, the mechanism of substrate recognition remains elusive. Here we biochemically characterize the substrate preferences of the helix-hairpin-helix (HhH) domains of XPF and ERCC-XPF and show that the binding to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)/dsDNA junctions is dependent on joint binding to the DNA binding domain of ERCC1 and XPF. We reveal that the homodimeric XPF is able to bind various ssDNA sequences but with a clear preference for guanine-containing substrates. NMR titration experiments and in vitro DNA binding assays also show that, within the heterodimeric ERCC1-XPF complex, XPF specifically recognizes ssDNA. On the other hand, the HhH domain of ERCC1 preferentially binds dsDNA through the hairpin region. The two separate non-overlapping DNA binding domains in the ERCC1-XPF heterodimer jointly bind to an ssDNA/dsDNA substrate and, thereby, at least partially dictate the incision position during damage removal. Based on structural models, NMR titrations, DNA-binding studies, site-directed mutagenesis, charge distribution, and sequence conservation, we propose that the HhH domain of ERCC1 binds to dsDNA upstream of the damage, and XPF binds to the non-damaged strand within a repair bubble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devashish Das
- From the Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands and
| | - Maryam Faridounnia
- From the Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands and
| | - Lidija Kovacic
- the Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Kaptein
- From the Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands and
| | - Rolf Boelens
- From the Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands and
| | - Gert E Folkers
- From the Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands and
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91
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Katsuki Y, Takata M. Defects in homologous recombination repair behind the human diseases: FA and HBOC. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:T19-37. [PMID: 27550963 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome and a rare childhood disorder Fanconi anemia (FA) are caused by homologous recombination (HR) defects, and some of the causative genes overlap. Recent studies in this field have led to the exciting development of PARP inhibitors as novel cancer therapeutics and have clarified important mechanisms underlying genome instability and tumor suppression in HR-defective disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of the basic molecular mechanisms governing HR and DNA crosslink repair, highlighting BRCA2, and the intriguing relationship between HBOC and FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Katsuki
- Laboratory of DNA Damage SignalingDepartment of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Minoru Takata
- Laboratory of DNA Damage SignalingDepartment of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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92
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López-Valverde G, Garcia-Martin E, Fernández-Mateos J, Cruz-González F, Larrosa-Povés JM, Polo-Llorens V, Pablo-Júlvez LE, González-Sarmiento R. Study of association between pre-senile cataracts and rs11615 of ERCC1, rs13181 of ERCC2, and rs25487 of XRCC1 polymorphisms in a Spanish population. Ophthalmic Genet 2016; 38:314-319. [DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2016.1217548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria López-Valverde
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royo Villanova Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Garcia-Martin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Aragón (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Mateos
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University of Salamanca-University Hospital of Salamanca CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - José M. Larrosa-Povés
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Aragón (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vicente Polo-Llorens
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Aragón (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis E. Pablo-Júlvez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Aragón (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University of Salamanca-University Hospital of Salamanca CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
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93
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Vermeij WP, Dollé MET, Reiling E, Jaarsma D, Payan-Gomez C, Bombardieri CR, Wu H, Roks AJM, Botter SM, van der Eerden BC, Youssef SA, Kuiper RV, Nagarajah B, van Oostrom CT, Brandt RMC, Barnhoorn S, Imholz S, Pennings JLA, de Bruin A, Gyenis Á, Pothof J, Vijg J, van Steeg H, Hoeijmakers JHJ. Restricted diet delays accelerated ageing and genomic stress in DNA-repair-deficient mice. Nature 2016; 537:427-431. [PMID: 27556946 PMCID: PMC5161687 DOI: 10.1038/nature19329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mice deficient in the DNA excision-repair gene Ercc1 (Ercc1∆/-) show numerous accelerated ageing features that limit their lifespan to 4-6 months. They also exhibit a 'survival response', which suppresses growth and enhances cellular maintenance. Such a response resembles the anti-ageing response induced by dietary restriction (also known as caloric restriction). Here we report that a dietary restriction of 30% tripled the median and maximal remaining lifespans of these progeroid mice, strongly retarding numerous aspects of accelerated ageing. Mice undergoing dietary restriction retained 50% more neurons and maintained full motor function far beyond the lifespan of mice fed ad libitum. Other DNA-repair-deficient, progeroid Xpg-/- (also known as Ercc5-/-) mice, a model of Cockayne syndrome, responded similarly. The dietary restriction response in Ercc1∆/- mice closely resembled the effects of dietary restriction in wild-type animals. Notably, liver tissue from Ercc1∆/- mice fed ad libitum showed preferential extinction of the expression of long genes, a phenomenon we also observed in several tissues ageing normally. This is consistent with the accumulation of stochastic, transcription-blocking lesions that affect long genes more than short ones. Dietary restriction largely prevented this declining transcriptional output and reduced the number of γH2AX DNA damage foci, indicating that dietary restriction preserves genome function by alleviating DNA damage. Our findings establish the Ercc1∆/- mouse as a powerful model organism for health-sustaining interventions, reveal potential for reducing endogenous DNA damage, facilitate a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of dietary restriction and suggest a role for counterintuitive dietary-restriction-like therapy for human progeroid genome instability syndromes and possibly neurodegeneration in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- W P Vermeij
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M E T Dollé
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - E Reiling
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - D Jaarsma
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Payan-Gomez
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24, 63C-69 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - C R Bombardieri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A J M Roks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S M Botter
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory for Orthopedic Research, Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B C van der Eerden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S A Youssef
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80125, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R V Kuiper
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80125, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B Nagarajah
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - C T van Oostrom
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - R M C Brandt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Barnhoorn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Imholz
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - J L A Pennings
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - A de Bruin
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80125, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Division Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Á Gyenis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Pothof
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Vijg
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - H van Steeg
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J H J Hoeijmakers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,CECAD Forschungszentrum, Universität zu Köln, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Köln, Germany
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94
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Fu C, Begum K, Jordan PW, He Y, Overbeek PA. Dearth and Delayed Maturation of Testicular Germ Cells in Fanconi Anemia E Mutant Male Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159800. [PMID: 27486799 PMCID: PMC4972424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
After using a self-inactivating lentivirus for non-targeted insertional mutagenesis in mice, we identified a transgenic family with a recessive mutation that resulted in reduced fertility in homozygous transgenic mice. The lentiviral integration site was amplified by inverse PCR. Sequencing revealed that integration had occurred in intron 8 of the mouse Fance gene, which encodes the Fanconi anemia E (Fance) protein. Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins play pivotal roles in cellular responses to DNA damage and Fance acts as a molecular bridge between the FA core complex and Fancd2. To investigate the reduced fertility in the mutant males, we analyzed postnatal development of testicular germ cells. At one week after birth, most tubules in the mutant testes contained few or no germ cells. Over the next 2–3 weeks, germ cells accumulated in a limited number of tubules, so that some tubules contained germ cells around the full periphery of the tubule. Once sufficient numbers of germ cells had accumulated, they began to undergo the later stages of spermatogenesis. Immunoassays revealed that the Fancd2 protein accumulated around the periphery of the nucleus in normal developing spermatocytes, but we did not detect a similar localization of Fancd2 in the Fance mutant testes. Our assays indicate that although Fance mutant males are germ cell deficient at birth, the extant germ cells can proliferate and, if they reach a threshold density, can differentiate into mature sperm. Analogous to previous studies of FA genes in mice, our results show that the Fance protein plays an important, but not absolutely essential, role in the initial developmental expansion of the male germ line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Khurshida Begum
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Philip W. Jordan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States of America
| | - Yan He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Paul A. Overbeek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
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95
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Root H, Larsen A, Komosa M, Al-Azri F, Li R, Bazett-Jones DP, Stephen Meyn M. FANCD2 limits BLM-dependent telomere instability in the alternative lengthening of telomeres pathway. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3255-3268. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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96
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Renaudin X, Koch Lerner L, Menck CFM, Rosselli F. The ubiquitin family meets the Fanconi anemia proteins. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 769:36-46. [PMID: 27543315 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a hereditary disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, developmental defects, predisposition to cancer and chromosomal abnormalities. FA is caused by biallelic mutations that inactivate genes encoding proteins involved in replication stress-associated DNA damage responses. The 20 FANC proteins identified to date constitute the FANC pathway. A key event in this pathway involves the monoubiquitination of the FANCD2-FANCI heterodimer by the collective action of at least 10 different proteins assembled in the FANC core complex. The FANC core complex-mediated monoubiquitination of FANCD2-FANCI is essential to assemble the heterodimer in subnuclear, chromatin-associated, foci and to regulate the process of DNA repair as well as the rescue of stalled replication forks. Several recent works have demonstrated that the activity of the FANC pathway is linked to several other protein post-translational modifications from the ubiquitin-like family, including SUMO and NEDD8. These modifications are related to DNA damage responses but may also affect other cellular functions potentially related to the clinical phenotypes of the syndrome. This review summarizes the interplay between the ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins and the FANC proteins that constitute a major pathway for the surveillance of the genomic integrity and addresses the implications of their interactions in maintaining genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Renaudin
- CNRS UMR 8200-Equipe Labellisée "La Ligue Contre le Cancer"-Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Sud, 91400 Orsay, France.
| | - Leticia Koch Lerner
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | | | - Filippo Rosselli
- CNRS UMR 8200-Equipe Labellisée "La Ligue Contre le Cancer"-Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, 94805 Villejuif, France; Université Paris Sud, 91400 Orsay, France.
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97
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Irianto J, Pfeifer CR, Ivanovska IL, Swift J, Discher DE. Nuclear lamins in cancer. Cell Mol Bioeng 2016; 9:258-267. [PMID: 27570565 PMCID: PMC4999255 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-016-0437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysmorphic nuclei are commonly seen in cancers and provide strong motivation for studying the main structural proteins of nuclei, the lamins, in cancer. Past studies have also demonstrated the significance of microenvironment mechanics to cancer progression, which is extremely interesting because the lamina was recently shown to be mechanosensitive. Here, we review current knowledge relating cancer progression to lamina biophysics. Lamin levels can constrain cancer cell migration in 3D and thereby impede tumor growth, and lamins can also protect a cancer cell's genome. In addition, lamins can influence transcriptional regulators (RAR, SRF, YAP/TAZ) and chromosome conformation in lamina associated domains. Further investigation of the roles for lamins in cancer and even DNA damage may lead to new therapies or at least to a clearer understanding of lamins as bio-markers in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Irianto
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charlotte R. Pfeifer
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Irena L. Ivanovska
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joe Swift
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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98
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Tse KH, Herrup K. DNA damage in the oligodendrocyte lineage and its role in brain aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 161:37-50. [PMID: 27235538 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Myelination is a recent evolutionary addition that significantly enhances the speed of transmission in the neural network. Even slight defects in myelin integrity impair performance and enhance the risk of neurological disorders. Indeed, myelin degeneration is an early and well-recognized neuropathology that is age associated, but appears before cognitive decline. Myelin is only formed by fully differentiated oligodendrocytes, but the entire oligodendrocyte lineage are clear targets of the altered chemistry of the aging brain. As in neurons, unrepaired DNA damage accumulates in the postmitotic oligodendrocyte genome during normal aging, and indeed may be one of the upstream causes of cellular aging - a fact well illustrated by myelin co-morbidity in premature aging syndromes arising from deficits in DNA repair enzymes. The clinical and experimental evidence from Alzheimer's disease, progeroid syndromes, ataxia-telangiectasia and other conditions strongly suggest that oligodendrocytes may in fact be uniquely vulnerable to oxidative DNA damage. If this damage remains unrepaired, as is increasingly true in the aging brain, myelin gene transcription and oligodendrocyte differentiation is impaired. Delineating the relationships between early myelin loss and DNA damage in brain aging will offer an additional dimension outside the neurocentric view of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hei Tse
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Karl Herrup
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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99
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Bautista-Niño PK, Portilla-Fernandez E, Vaughan DE, Danser AHJ, Roks AJM. DNA Damage: A Main Determinant of Vascular Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E748. [PMID: 27213333 PMCID: PMC4881569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging plays a central role in health problems and mortality in older people. Apart from the impact of several classical cardiovascular risk factors on the vasculature, chronological aging remains the single most important determinant of cardiovascular problems. The causative mechanisms by which chronological aging mediates its impact, independently from classical risk factors, remain to be elucidated. In recent years evidence has accumulated that unrepaired DNA damage may play an important role. Observations in animal models and in humans indicate that under conditions during which DNA damage accumulates in an accelerated rate, functional decline of the vasculature takes place in a similar but more rapid or more exaggerated way than occurs in the absence of such conditions. Also epidemiological studies suggest a relationship between DNA maintenance and age-related cardiovascular disease. Accordingly, mouse models of defective DNA repair are means to study the mechanisms involved in biological aging of the vasculature. We here review the evidence of the role of DNA damage in vascular aging, and present mechanisms by which genomic instability interferes with regulation of the vascular tone. In addition, we present potential remedies against vascular aging induced by genomic instability. Central to this review is the role of diverse types of DNA damage (telomeric, non-telomeric and mitochondrial), of cellular changes (apoptosis, senescence, autophagy), mediators of senescence and cell growth (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)/senescence-messaging secretome (SMS), insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling), the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) axis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) vs. endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling, phosphodiesterase (PDE) 1 and 5, transcription factor NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), and diet restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula K Bautista-Niño
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands.
| | - Eliana Portilla-Fernandez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands.
| | - Douglas E Vaughan
- Department of Medicine & Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands.
| | - Anton J M Roks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands.
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100
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Ceccaldi R, Sarangi P, D'Andrea AD. The Fanconi anaemia pathway: new players and new functions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2016; 17:337-49. [PMID: 27145721 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2016.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Fanconi anaemia pathway repairs DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) in the genome. Our understanding of this complex pathway is still evolving, as new components continue to be identified and new biochemical systems are used to elucidate the molecular steps of repair. The Fanconi anaemia pathway uses components of other known DNA repair processes to achieve proper repair of ICLs. Moreover, Fanconi anaemia proteins have functions in genome maintenance beyond their canonical roles of repairing ICLs. Such functions include the stabilization of replication forks and the regulation of cytokinesis. Thus, Fanconi anaemia proteins are emerging as master regulators of genomic integrity that coordinate several repair processes. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the functions of the Fanconi anaemia pathway in ICL repair, together with an overview of its connections with other repair pathways and its emerging roles in genome maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Ceccaldi
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Prabha Sarangi
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Alan D D'Andrea
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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