51
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Yang X, Zhou Q, Zhou W, Zhong M, Guo X, Wang X, Fan X, Yan S, Li L, Lai Y, Wang Y, Huang J, Ye Y, Zeng H, Chuan J, Du Y, Ma C, Li P, Song Z, Xu X. A Cell-free DNA Barcode-Enabled Single-Molecule Test for Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis of Monogenic Disorders: Application to β-Thalassemia. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1802332. [PMID: 31179213 PMCID: PMC6548944 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201802332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive prenatal testing of common aneuploidies has become routine over the past decade, but testing of monogenic disorders remains a challenge in clinical implementation. Most recent studies have inherent limitations, such as complicated procedures, a lack of versatility, and the need for prior knowledge of parental genotypes or haplotypes. To overcome these limitations, a robust and versatile next-generation sequencing-based cell-free DNA (cfDNA) allelic molecule counting system termed cfDNA barcode-enabled single-molecule test (cfBEST) is developed for the noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) of monogenic disorders. The accuracy of cfBEST is found to be comparable to that of droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) in detecting low-abundance mutations in cfDNA. The analytical validity of cfBEST is evidenced by a β-thalassemia assay, in which a blind validation study of 143 at-risk pregnancies reveals a sensitivity of 99.19% and a specificity of 99.92% on allele detection. Because the validated cfBEST method can be used to detect maternal-fetal genotype combinations in cfDNA precisely and quantitatively, it holds the potential for the NIPD of human monogenic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingkun Yang
- Department of Medical GeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
- Guangdong Technology and Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Human Genetic DiseasesGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityFoshanGuangdong528000China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biological ChipGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- The Center for Precision Medicine of First Affiliated HospitalBiomedical Translational Research InstituteSchool of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510632China
- Hunan Research Center for Big Data Application in GenomicsGenetalks Inc.ChangshaHunan410152China
| | - Wanjun Zhou
- Department of Medical GeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
- Guangdong Technology and Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Human Genetic DiseasesGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biological ChipGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Mei Zhong
- Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityFoshanGuangdong528000China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Hunan Research Center for Big Data Application in GenomicsGenetalks Inc.ChangshaHunan410152China
| | - Xin Fan
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Women and Children Care HospitalNanningGuangxi530000China
| | - Shanhuo Yan
- Qinzhou Maternity & Child Healthcare HospitalQinzhouGuangxi535000China
| | - Liyan Li
- Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Yunli Lai
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Women and Children Care HospitalNanningGuangxi530000China
| | - Yongli Wang
- Hunan Research Center for Big Data Application in GenomicsGenetalks Inc.ChangshaHunan410152China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Medical GeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
- Guangdong Technology and Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Human Genetic DiseasesGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biological ChipGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Yuhua Ye
- Department of Medical GeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
- Guangdong Technology and Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Human Genetic DiseasesGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biological ChipGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Huaping Zeng
- Hunan Research Center for Big Data Application in GenomicsGenetalks Inc.ChangshaHunan410152China
| | - Jun Chuan
- Hunan Research Center for Big Data Application in GenomicsGenetalks Inc.ChangshaHunan410152China
| | - Yuanping Du
- Hunan Research Center for Big Data Application in GenomicsGenetalks Inc.ChangshaHunan410152China
| | - Chouxian Ma
- Hunan Research Center for Big Data Application in GenomicsGenetalks Inc.ChangshaHunan410152China
| | - Peining Li
- Department of GeneticsYale UniversityNew HavenCT06520USA
| | - Zhuo Song
- Hunan Research Center for Big Data Application in GenomicsGenetalks Inc.ChangshaHunan410152China
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- Department of Medical GeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
- Guangdong Technology and Engineering Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Human Genetic DiseasesGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biological ChipGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
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52
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Abstract
Prenatal testing in recent years has been moving toward non-invasive methods to determine the fetal risk for genetic disorders without incurring the risk of miscarriage. Rapid progress of modern high-throughput molecular technologies along with the discovery of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma led to novel screening methods for fetal chromosomal aneuploidies. Such tests are referred to as non-invasive prenatal tests (NIPTs), non-invasive prenatal screening, or prenatal cell-free DNA screening. Owing to many advantages, the adoption of NIPT in routine clinical practice was very rapid and global. As an example, NIPT has recently become a standard screening procedure for all pregnant women in the Netherlands. On the other hand, invasive sampling procedures remain important, especially for their diagnostic value in the confirmation of NIPT-positive findings and the detection of Mendelian disorders. In this review, we focus on current trends in the field of NIPT and discuss their benefits, drawbacks, and consequences in regard to routine diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Pös
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, 84215, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Budiš
- University Science Park, Comenius University, Bratislava, 84104, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Szemes
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, 84215, Slovakia.,University Science Park, Comenius University, Bratislava, 84104, Slovakia
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53
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Validation of Extensive Next-Generation Sequencing Method for Monogenic Disorder Analysis on Cell-Free Fetal DNA: Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis. J Mol Diagn 2019; 21:572-579. [PMID: 31028936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, a percentage of the cell-free DNA circulating in the maternal blood is represented by the cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA), constituting an accessible source for noninvasive prenatal genetic screening. The coexistence of the maternal DNA, the dominant fraction of cell-free DNA, together with the cffDNA component and the scarcity of the cffDNA itself make applying traditional methods of genetics and molecular biology impossible. Next-generation sequencing methods are widely used to study fetal aneuploidies. However, in monogenic disorders, there have been relatively few studies that analyzed single mutations. We present a method for the analysis of an extended group of gene variants associated with recessive and dominant autosomal disorders using next-generation sequencing. The proposed test should allow a complete analysis of common genetic disorders and pathogen-associated variants for diagnostic use. The analysis of cffDNA for single gene disorders may replace invasive prenatal diagnosis methods, associated with the risk of spontaneous abortion and psychological stress for patients. The proposed test should assess reproductive risk for both genetic family disorders and de novo occurrences of the disease. The application of this method to a case of beta-thalassemia is also discussed.
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54
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Rezaei M, Winter M, Zander-Fox D, Whitehead C, Liebelt J, Warkiani ME, Hardy T, Thierry B. A Reappraisal of Circulating Fetal Cell Noninvasive Prenatal Testing. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 37:632-644. [PMID: 30501925 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
New tools for higher-resolution fetal genome analysis including microarray and next-generation sequencing have revolutionized prenatal screening. This article provides commentary on this rapidly advancing field and a future perspective emphasizing circulating fetal cell (CFC) utility. Despite the tremendous technological challenges associated with their reliable and cost-effective isolation from maternal blood, CFCs have a strong potential to bridge the gap between the diagnostic sensitivity of invasive procedures and the desirable noninvasive nature of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA). Considering the rapid advances in both rare cell isolation and low-input DNA analysis, we argue here that CFC-based noninvasive prenatal testing is poised to be implemented clinically in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Rezaei
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio and Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia; Joint first authors. https://twitter.com/@CBNSSA
| | - Marnie Winter
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio and Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia; Joint first authors. https://twitter.com/@CBNSSA
| | | | - Clare Whitehead
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jan Liebelt
- South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Tristan Hardy
- SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia; Repromed, Dulwich, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio and Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia; http://bionanoengineering.com/. https://twitter.com/@CBNSSA
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55
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Jang SS, Lim BC, Yoo SK, Shin JY, Seo JS, Hwang D, Yoo KY, Chae JH, Kim JI. Development of a common platform for the noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of X-linked diseases. Prenat Diagn 2018; 38:835-840. [PMID: 30048567 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a common targeted massively parallel sequencing platform for the noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) of multiple X-linked diseases. METHOD The custom capture probe was designed to target 33 genes and recombination hotspots. We tested the carrier mother and male proband pair of 6 families. Plasma DNA of the pregnant carrier mother was collected at different gestational weeks and sequenced. The fetal genotype of each family was determined by estimating the imbalance between the 2 maternal haplotypes constructed using a common custom-designed platform. RESULTS The targeted sequencing of the maternal, proband, and fetal genomic DNAs and maternal plasma DNAs resulted in uniform coverage across the target region. Three to 5 recombination points were observed in each sample. However, these recombination points did not affect the haplotype dosage analysis for fetal genotype prediction. Consequently, all fetal genotypes in the 6 families obtained from haplotype dosage analysis of maternal plasma sequencing data were predicted correctly. CONCLUSIONS Since a single platform that covers multiple diseases may prevent the need for disease-specific probes for the NIPD of individual disorders, this approach may provide a practical advantage for clinically implementing the NIPD of X-linked diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Song Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung Chan Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Keun Yoo
- Gong Wu Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, South Korea.,Genomic Institute, Macrogen Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Jeong-Sun Seo
- Gong Wu Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, South Korea.,Genomic Institute, Macrogen Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Jong Hee Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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56
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Abstract
Given the rapid advances in genomics, translating new genomic tests effectively into prenatal clinical practice remains challenging. We discuss emerging genetic tests, considerations for their use, how tests should ideally be validated prior to use in clinical practice, and the role of the Federal Drug Administration, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) laboratories, commercial laboratories, insurers, and professional societies such as the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) in the introduction of new prenatal genetic tests. After the introduction of new tests into the prenatal clinic, it is critical to utilize shared databases with measured outcomes to improve clinical care as well as to advance science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta L. Vora
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3010 Old Clinic Building, CB 7516, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, United States,Corresponding author. (N.L. Vora)
| | - Ronald J. Wapner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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57
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Byrou S, Makrigiorgos GM, Christofides A, Kallikas I, Papasavva T, Kleanthous M. Fast Temperature-Gradient COLD PCR for the enrichment of the paternally inherited SNPs in cell free fetal DNA; an application to non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of β-thalassaemia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200348. [PMID: 30044883 PMCID: PMC6059429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To develop a sensitive, specific, simple, cost-effective and reproducible platform for the non-invasive prenatal detection of paternally inherited alleles for β-thalassaemia. The development of such an assay is of major significance in order to replace currently-applied invasive methods containing inherent fetal loss risks. Methods We present a fast Temperature-Gradient Co-amplification at Lower Denaturation Temperature Polymerase Chain Reaction (fast TG COLD PCR) methodology for the detection of the paternally-inherited fetal alleles in maternal plasma. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs7480526 (G/T) and rs968857 (G/A) that are located on the β-globin gene cluster and exhibit a high degree of heterozygosity in the Cypriot population were selected for evaluation. Seventeen maternal plasma samples from pregnancies at risk for β-thalassemia were analysed for the selected SNPs using the novel fast TG COLD PCR assay. Results Using fast TG COLD PCR, the paternally inherited allele in cell free fetal DNA was correctly determined for all the 17 maternal plasma samples tested, showing full agreement with the Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) analysis. Conclusions Our findings are encouraging and demonstrate the efficiency and sensitivity of fast TG COLD PCR in detecting the minor paternally-inherited fetal alleles in maternal plasma for the development of a NIPD assay for β-thalassaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Byrou
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - G. Mike Makrigiorgos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Physics & Biophysics, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | - Thessalia Papasavva
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
- * E-mail:
| | - Marina Kleanthous
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
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58
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Targeted linked-read sequencing for direct haplotype phasing of maternal DMD alleles: a practical and reliable method for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8678. [PMID: 29875376 PMCID: PMC5989205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26941-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For the noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) of X-linked recessive diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), maternal haplotype phasing is a critical step for dosage analysis of the inherited allele. Until recently, the proband-based indirect haplotyping method has been preferred despite its limitations for use in clinical practice. Here, we describe a method for directly determining the maternal haplotype without requiring the proband’s DNA in DMD families. We used targeted linked-read deep sequencing (mean coverage of 692×) of gDNA from 5 mothers to resolve their haplotypes and predict the mutation status of the fetus. The haplotype of DMD alleles in the carrier mother was successfully phased through a targeted linked-read sequencing platform. Compared with the proband-based phasing method, linked-read sequencing was more accurate in differentiating whether the recombination events occurred in the proband or in the fetus. The predicted inheritance of the DMD mutation was diagnosed correctly in all 5 families in which the mutation had been confirmed using amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling. Direct haplotyping by this targeted linked-read sequencing method could be used as a phasing method for the NIPD of DMD, especially when the genomic DNA of the proband is unavailable.
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59
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White PC. Update on diagnosis and management of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2018; 25:178-184. [PMID: 29718004 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency is a relatively common inherited disorder of cortisol biosynthesis that can be fatal if untreated. RECENT FINDINGS The basic biochemistry and genetics of CAH have been known for decades but continue to be refined by the discoveries of an alternative 'backdoor' metabolic pathway for adrenal androgen synthesis and the secretion of 11-hydroxy and 11-keto analogs of known androgens, by the elucidation of hundreds of new mutations, and by the application of high-throughput sequencing techniques to noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. Although hydrocortisone is a mainstay of treatment, overtreatment may have adverse effects on growth, risk of obesity, and cardiovascular disease; conversely, undertreatment may increase risk of testicular adrenal rest tumors in affected men. SUMMARY Refinements to screening techniques may improve the positive predictive value of newborn screening programs. Alternative dosing forms of hydrocortisone and additional therapeutic modalities are under study. Although surgical treatment of virilized female genitalia is widely accepted by families and patients, it is not without complications or controversy, and some families choose to defer it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrin C White
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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60
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Vrettou C, Kakourou G, Mamas T, Traeger-Synodinos J. Prenatal and preimplantation diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies. Int J Lab Hematol 2018; 40 Suppl 1:74-82. [DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Vrettou
- Department of Medical Genetics; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - G. Kakourou
- Department of Medical Genetics; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - T. Mamas
- Department of Medical Genetics; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - J. Traeger-Synodinos
- Department of Medical Genetics; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
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61
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Chiu EKL, Hui WWI, Chiu RWK. cfDNA screening and diagnosis of monogenic disorders - where are we heading? Prenat Diagn 2018; 38:52-58. [PMID: 29314147 PMCID: PMC5839244 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell‐free fetal DNA analysis for non‐invasive prenatal screening of fetal chromosomal aneuploidy has been widely adopted for clinical use. Fetal monogenic diseases have also been shown to be amenable to non‐invasive detection by maternal plasma DNA analysis. A number of recent technological developments in this area has increased the level of clinical interest, particularly as one approach does not require customized reagents per mutation. The mutational status of the fetus can be assessed by determining which parental haplotype that fetus has inherited based on the detection of haplotype‐associated SNP alleles in maternal plasma. Such relative haplotype dosage analysis requires the input of the parental haplotype information for interpretation of the fetal inheritance pattern from the maternal plasma DNA data. The parental haplotype information can be obtained by direct means, reducing the need to infer haplotypes using DNA from other family members. The technique also allows the assessment of complex mutations and has multiplexing capabilities where a number of genes and mutations can be assessed at the same time. These advantages allow non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal monogenic diseases to be much more scalable. These applications may drive the next wave of clinical adoption of cell‐free fetal DNA testing. © 2018 The Authors Prenatal Diagnosis Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd What's already known about this topic?
NIPD for some monogenic diseases is now in clinical service. Current NIPD is based on bespoke mutation‐specific assays, or haplotype inference which requires proband DNA.
What does this study add?
The application of universal haplotype‐based NIPD can be extended to most pregnancies at risk for monogenic diseases. The universal protocol circumvents the need for bespoke assays or access to proband DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Ka Long Chiu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Winnie Wai In Hui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Rossa Wai Kwun Chiu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
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62
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Prenatal Genetic Testing and Screening. CHIMERISM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89866-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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