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Differences in Placental Imprinted Gene Expression across Preeclamptic and Non-Preeclamptic Pregnancies. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11101146. [PMID: 33003346 PMCID: PMC7601230 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a multi-systemic syndrome that presents in approximately 5% of pregnancies worldwide and is associated with a range of subsequent postpartum and postnatal outcomes, including fetal growth restriction. As the placenta plays a critical role in the development of preeclampsia, surveying genomic features of the placenta, including expression of imprinted genes, may reveal molecular markers that can further refine subtypes to aid targeted disease management. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive survey of placental imprinted gene expression across early and late onset preeclampsia cases and preterm and term normotensive controls. Placentas were collected at delivery from women recruited at the Magee-Womens Hospital prenatal clinics, and expression levels were profiled across 109 imprinted genes. We observed downregulation of placental Mesoderm-specific transcript (MEST) and Necdin (NDN) gene expression levels (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05) among early onset preeclampsia cases compared to preterm controls. No differences in placental imprinted gene expression were observed between late onset preeclampsia cases and term controls. While few studies have linked NDN to pregnancy complications, reductions in MEST expression levels, as observed in our study, are consistently reported in the literature in relation to various pregnancy complications, including fetal growth restriction, suggesting a potential role for placental MEST expression as a biosensor of an adverse in utero environment.
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Silverman RH, Urs R, Wapner RJ, Bearelly S. Plane-Wave Ultrasound Doppler of the Eye in Preeclampsia. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:14. [PMID: 32974086 PMCID: PMC7490228 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.10.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a serious complication of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, proteinuria, compromised fetal blood supply, and potential organ damage. The superficial location of the eye makes it an ideal target for characterization hemodynamics. Our aim was to discern the impact of PE on ocular blood flow. Methods 18 MHz plane-wave ophthalmic ultrasound scanning was performed on subjects with PE (n = 26), chronic or gestational hypertension (n = 8), and normal controls (n = 19) within 72 hours of delivery. Duplicate three-second long scans of the posterior pole including the optic nerve were acquired at 6000 images/sec for evaluation of the central retinal artery and vein and the short posterior ciliary arteries. The choroid was scanned at 1000 images/sec. Doppler analysis provided values of pulsatile flow velocity and resistance indexes. Results End diastolic velocity was higher, and pulsatility and resistive indexes were significantly lower in the choroid, central retinal artery and short posterior ciliary arteries in PE than in controls. Blood pressure was elevated in PE with respect to controls and was negatively correlated with resistance. Conclusions Although vasoconstriction is considered characteristic of PE, we found reduced resistance in the orbital vessels and choroidal arterioles, implying vasodilation at this level. Future studies incorporating optical coherence tomography angiography for characterization of the retina and choriocapillaris in conjunction with plane-wave ultrasound scanning, particularly in late pregnancy, might address this conundrum. Translational Relevance Use of plane-wave ultrasound scanning for evaluation ocular blood flow in women at risk for PE may offer an avenue towards early detection and clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald H Silverman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raksha Urs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald J Wapner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Srilaxmi Bearelly
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Tavarna T, Phillips PL, Wu XJ, Reyes L. Fetal growth restriction is a host specific response to infection with an impaired spiral artery remodeling-inducing strain of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14606. [PMID: 32884071 PMCID: PMC7471333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71762-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a periodontal pathogen implicated in a range of pregnancy disorders that involve impaired spiral artery remodeling (ISAR) with or without fetal growth restriction (FGR). Using a rodent periodontitis model, we assessed the ability of P. gingivalis to produce ISAR and FGR in Sprague Dawley (SD) and Wistar (WIS) rats. Both infected SD and WIS rats developed ISAR, but only WIS rats developed FGR despite both rat strains having equivalent microbial loads within the placenta. Neither maternal systemic inflammation nor placental (fetal) inflammation was a feature of FGR in WIS rats. Unique to infected WIS rats, was loss of trophoblast cell density within the junctional zone of the placenta that was not present in SD tissues. In addition, infected WIS rats had a higher proportion of junctional zone trophoblast cells positive for cytoplasmic high temperature requirement A1 (Htra1), a marker of cellular oxidative stress. Our results show a novel phenomenon present in P. gingivalis-induced FGR, with relevance to human disease since dysregulation of placental Htra1 and placental oxidative stress are features of preeclamptic placentas and preeclampsia with FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Tavarna
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Priscilla L Phillips
- Microbiology and Immunology, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Xiao-Jun Wu
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Leticia Reyes
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Post Uiterweer ED, Koster MPH, Jeyabalan A, Kuc S, Siljee JE, Stewart DR, Conrad KP, Franx A. Circulating pregnancy hormone relaxin as a first trimester biomarker for preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2020; 22:47-53. [PMID: 32738589 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preeclampsia, a multi-system hypertensive disorder, is associated with perturbations in the maternal cardiovascular system during early pregnancy. The corpus luteal hormone relaxin, a potent vasodilator, may contribute to physiological circulatory changes especially in early gestation when circulating levels are highest. This study investigated whether first trimester circulating relaxin may be a suitable biomarker for the early prediction of preeclampsia. METHODS Relaxin was initially measured in first-trimester samples of women who developed late-onset preeclamptic (LO-PE; delivery ≥ 34 weeks; n = 33) and uncomplicated pregnancies (n = 25) in Pittsburgh, USA. Subsequently, to expand the group numbers, relaxin was measured in women who developed LO-PE (n = 95), early-onset preeclamptic (EO-PE; delivery < 34 weeks; n = 57), and uncomplicated pregnancies (n = 469) in Utrecht, the Netherlands. RESULTS In the Pittsburgh subjects, low relaxin levels (lowest centile: <p10) showed an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 5.29 (95%CI 1.10-25.5) for LO-PE. In the Utrecht population, low relaxin levels (<p10) demonstrated adjusted ORs of 1.45 (95%CI 0.54-3.90) and 2.03 (95%CI 1.06-3.88) for EO-PE and LO-PE respectively, the latter increasing to an adjusted OR of 3.18 (95%CI 1.41-7.20) when newborn weight was < 10%. Serum relaxin concentrations slightly improved the detection rate of a previously derived prediction model for LO-PE from 42.5% to 45.1% at a fixed 10% false-positive rate. CONCLUSION Relaxin shows little improvement in the performance of first trimester prediction models, which does not support its clinical implementation as a biomarker. Although this study was only correlational, the results point to a possible pathophysiologic role for low relaxin levels in pregnancies that later develop LO-PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiel D Post Uiterweer
- Department of Obstetrics, University Medical Center of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease (NIDOD), University Medical Center of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Physiology and Functional Genomics and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA.
| | - Maria P H Koster
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center of Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arun Jeyabalan
- Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Sylwia Kuc
- Department of Obstetrics, University Medical Center of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline E Siljee
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Diagnostics and Screening, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kirk P Conrad
- Departments of Physiology and Functional Genomics and of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA; Magee-Womens Research Institute and Foundation and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
| | - Arie Franx
- Department of Obstetrics, University Medical Center of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center of Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Erol Koc EM, Çelik HK, Sahin D. Maternal irisin level in last trimester isolated intrauterine growth-restriction. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:2635-2641. [PMID: 32684067 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1793315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is the inability of the fetus to achieve the biologically accessible growth potential. Irisin is a recently discovered adipomyokine with a crucial role in energy metabolism. Our current study aimed to investigate the relationship between the isolated IUGR in the third trimester and maternal serum irisin level. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective case-control study included total 137 pregnant women who were between the 24th and 39th gestational weeks and who applied to the University of Health Sciences, Ankara Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Training and Research Center, between 2016 October-2017 May. The Study Group consisted of 68 pregnant women who were diagnosed with Isolated IUGR with Estimated Fetal Weight (EFW) <10th percentile. The Control Group consisted of 69 low-risk uncomplicated pregnant women, matched with the Study Group in terms of gestational week, and with EFW between 10th and 90th percentiles. Demographic data, clinical findings, fetal Doppler parameters, and obstetric-neonatal outcomes were evaluated. Maternal serum irisin levels were measured by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) Method and compared between the groups. RESULTS Maternal serum irisin level was found to be significantly lower in IUGR Group as compared to the Control (3.83 ng/ml vs. 4.78 ng/ml, p < .001, respectively). There was a positive correlation between maternal serum irisin level and duration of pregnancy, the weight gain during pregnancy, birth weight, fetal abdominal circumference measurement and cerebroplacental ratio (r = 0.18, p = .03; r = 0.17, p = .04; r = 0.37, p < .001; r = 0.35, p < .001; r = 0.27, p = .001, respectively). Binary Logistic Regression Analysis showed that maternal serum irisin level is an independent estimator of IUGR [OR %95 CI: 8.33 (3.22 - 25.01)]. AUC (Area Under the Curve) analysis of maternal irisin for IUGR estimation was 0.75 (p < .001, 95% CI = 0.67 - 0.82). The optimal cutoff value was below 3.86 ng/ml for maternal irisin level with a sensitivity of 54.41% and a specificity of 88.41%, positive predictive value of 82.22% and negative predictive value of 66.30%. CONCLUSION Low level of maternal serum irisin in pregnancies with isolated IUGR was consistent with the role of irisin in metabolic pathways and with the increased risk of metabolic diseases in the future life of IUGR fetuses and their mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Merve Erol Koc
- Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Kansu Çelik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zekai Tahir Burak Woman's Health, Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Sahin
- Department of Perinatology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women Health Care Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Telomere erosion as a placental clock: From placental pathologies to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Placenta 2020; 97:101-107. [PMID: 32792055 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The placenta provides nutritional and gas exchange between fetus and mother. Early in pregnancy, placental trophoblasts proliferate rapidly and invade aggressively. As pregnancy progresses, placental cells begin to age. Indeed, pregnancy itself has a tightly regulated duration, determined in large part by placental lifespan. Late in pregnancy, placental cells reach a senescent apoptotic state, activated by a number of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including oxidative stress (OS), and DNA damage. Pregnancy complications, stillbirths and neonatal deaths have been related to OS and abnormal placental aging. Telomeres, the protective nucleoprotein structures at the ends of linear chromosomes, shorten both from cell replication and from exposure to OS. When telomeres become critically short they trigger cell cycle arrest and eventually cell death. Telomere attrition thus provide an intrinsic mechanism to explain tissue senescence and aging. Mounting evidence suggests that senescence of placental and fetal membrane cells results from telomere attrition. We review the studies that have addressed the role of telomere length (TL) in placentas from normal and complicated pregnancies, including pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, gestational diabetes, and stillbirth. To date studies have uncovered associations between TL and a number of obstetrical complications. Future research is needed to determine whether these associations are causative, i.e. whether these clinical conditions result from telomere dysfunction, and whether particular features of telomeres, e.g. mean or shortest length, etc. could serve as clinically useful biomarkers of placental health.
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Medina-Bastidas D, Guzmán-Huerta M, Borboa-Olivares H, Ruiz-Cruz C, Parra-Hernández S, Flores-Pliego A, Salido-Guadarrama I, Camargo-Marín L, Arambula-Meraz E, Estrada-Gutierrez G. Placental Microarray Profiling Reveals Common mRNA and lncRNA Expression Patterns in Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103597. [PMID: 32443673 PMCID: PMC7279523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) and Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) are major contributors to perinatal morbidity and mortality. These pregnancy disorders are associated with placental dysfunction and share similar pathophysiological features. The aim of this study was to compare the placental gene expression profiles including mRNA and lncRNAs from pregnant women from four study groups: PE, IUGR, PE-IUGR, and normal pregnancy (NP). Gene expression microarray analysis was performed on placental tissue obtained at delivery and results were validated using RTq-PCR. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that the largest transcript variation was observed in the IUGR samples compared to NP (n = 461; 314 mRNAs: 252 up-regulated and 62 down-regulated; 133 lncRNAs: 36 up-regulated and 98 down-regulated). We also detected a group of differentially expressed transcripts shared between the PE and IUGR samples compared to NP (n = 39), including 9 lncRNAs with a high correlation degree (p < 0.05). Functional enrichment of these shared transcripts showed that cytokine signaling pathways, protein modification, and regulation of JAK-STAT cascade are over-represented in both placental ischemic diseases. These findings contribute to the molecular characterization of placental ischemia showing common epigenetic regulation implicated in the pathophysiology of PE and IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Medina-Bastidas
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
| | - Mario Guzmán-Huerta
- Departamento de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (M.G.-H.); (L.C.-M.)
| | - Hector Borboa-Olivares
- Subdirección de Investigación en Intervenciones Comunitarias, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
| | - César Ruiz-Cruz
- Hospital de Ginecología y Obstetricia No. 4, Luis Castelazo Ayala, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 01090, Mexico;
| | - Sandra Parra-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (S.P.-H.); (A.F.-P.)
| | - Arturo Flores-Pliego
- Laboratorio de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (S.P.-H.); (A.F.-P.)
| | - Ivan Salido-Guadarrama
- Laboratorio de Biología Computacional, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Lisbeth Camargo-Marín
- Departamento de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico; (M.G.-H.); (L.C.-M.)
| | - Eliakym Arambula-Meraz
- Laboratorio de Genética y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacan 80040, Mexico;
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Expression imbalance of IL-17/IL-35 in peripheral blood and placental tissue of pregnant women in preeclampsia. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 59:409-414. [PMID: 32416889 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The possible mechanism of preeclampsia is investigated in this study to facilitate the exploration of the future remediation of this disease by analysing the changes of IL-17 and IL-35 in peripheral blood and placental tissue of pregnant women with preeclampsia (PE). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted using 45 healthy pregnant women as the control group and 90 pregnant women in the preeclampsia group, including 45 cases with severe preeclampsia and 45 cases with mild preeclampsia. All of 135 pregnant women underwent caesarean delivery. IL-17 and IL-35 concentrations in the serum were measured by ELISA, and IL-17 and IL-35 expression in placental specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in age among the three study groups. Serum IL-17 levels were significantly higher in PE patients than in healthy pregnant women (P < 0.01). The ratio of positive staining for IL-17 was markedly higher in mild PE tissues (84.44%; 38/45) and severe PE tissues (86.67%; 39/45) than in healthy pregnant tissues (35.56%; 16/45) (P < 0.01). The strong positive rates for IL-17 were markedly higher in mild PE tissues (48.89%; 22/45) and severe PE tissues (68.89%; 31/45) than in healthy pregnant tissues (13.33%; 6/45) (P < 0.01). No differences between mild PE tissues and severe PE tissues were noted in both positive case rates and strong positive rates. Consistent with this finding, the ratio of strong positive staining for IL-35 was higher in healthy pregnant tissues (66.67%; 30/45) than in mild PE tissues (33.11%; 14/45) and severe PE tissues (26.67%; 12/45) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The abnormal increase in serum and placental of IL-17 has an association with the formation and development of PE. IL-35 expression is significantly lower in severe PE placenta tissue and serum compared with normal pregnant women. These results suggested that IL-17/IL-35 imbalance may play a role in the pathophysiology of PE.
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Levy M, Alberti D, Kovo M, Schreiber L, Volpert E, Koren L, Bar J, Weiner E. Placental pathology in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction: recurrence vs. new onset. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020; 301:1397-1404. [PMID: 32333099 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In an attempt to shed new light on the pathogenesis of fetal growth restriction (FGR), we aimed to study pregnancy characteristics, neonatal outcomes, and placental histopathological lesions of FGR pregnancies in two different subgroups: when developed after appropriate for gestational age (AGA) pregnancy and when developed after previous pregnancy with FGR. STUDY DESIGN Pregnancy and placental reports of all singleton pregnancies complicated by FGR (defined as actual birthweight below the 10th percentile according to local birthweight nomograms) between 2008 and 2018 were reviewed. Included were only cases with previous delivery. Maternal background, neonatal outcomes, and placental histopathology were compared between FGR that occurred after FGR (recurrent FGR group) and FGR that occurred after an AGA pregnancy (FGR after AGA group). Placental lesions were classified according to the current "Amsterdam" criteria. Continuous variables were compared using the Student's t test or the Mann-Whitney test as appropriate. Categorical variables were compared using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. RESULTS A total of 334 FGR cases with a previous delivery were included in the study. Of them, 111 cases constituted the recurrent FGR group and 223 constituted the FGR after AGA group. The recurrent FGR group was characterized by higher rates of maternal diabetes during pregnancy and hypertensive diseases (9% versus 2.7%, p = 0.01 and 19.8% versus 11.6%, p = 0.04). The FGR after AGA group was characterized by a higher rate of fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM) lesions (29.6% versus 18.0%, p = 0.02), and by lower mean birthweight (1842 ± 424.9 versus 1977.4 ± 412.2, p = 0.005), as compared to the recurrent FGR group. CONCLUSION Recurrent FGR was associated with maternal background morbidities during pregnancy which represents a chronic repeated insult, while "new" FGR cases (those followed an AGA pregnancy) were characterized by a higher rate of FVM lesions and lower birthweight which probably represent an "accident" in placentation. These findings may suggest that different mechanisms of placental dysfunction exist in the two subgroups of FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Levy
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, PO Box 5, 58100, Holon, Israel.
| | | | - Michal Kovo
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, PO Box 5, 58100, Holon, Israel
| | - Letizia Schreiber
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Eldar Volpert
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, PO Box 5, 58100, Holon, Israel
| | - Liron Koren
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, PO Box 5, 58100, Holon, Israel
| | - Jacob Bar
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, PO Box 5, 58100, Holon, Israel
| | - Eran Weiner
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, PO Box 5, 58100, Holon, Israel
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Al-Ghazali MJ, Ali HA, Al-Rufaie MM. Serum irisin levels as a potential marker for diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:56-63. [PMID: 32191655 PMCID: PMC7569595 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i1.7675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare serum irisin, trace elements (Zn, Cu, Mg) levels between the group of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and healthy pregnant group. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty pregnant women with GDM and 30 healthy pregnant women. The two groups were matched for maternal age, gestational age. Maternal serum irisin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit at 24-28 weeks of gestation. An association between maternal serum irisin levels and clinical and biochemical parameters was evaluated. Body mass index, serum levels of glucose, OGTT, insulin, HbA1C, HOMA IR, HOMAβ, Hb%, and irisin were investigated and analyzed in the study group and controls. RESULTS Pregnant women with GDM had significantly higher fasting blood glucose FBG (p = 0.004), first-houEr OGTT glucose (p = 0.001), second-hour OGTT glucose (p = 0.001), fasting insulin FI (p = 0.001) levels, HOMA IR (p = 0.001), HOMAβ (p = 0.001), HbA1C(p = 0.001), Hb% (p = 0.017), as compared to controls. serum irisin levels were significantly lower (p =0.001) in women subsequently developed GDM (mean ± SD =71.65±8.03) than healthy pregnant controls (mean ± SD 136.54±22.56). Correlation analysis between irisin levels and anthropometric and biochemical parameters in patients with gestational diabetes revealed that none of the investigated parameters correlated with serum irisin level. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that serum irisin levels might presented as a novel marker for GDM, with decreased levels of irisin being symptomatic of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanaa Addai Ali
- Kufa University, College of Science, Chemistry Department, Iraq.
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Ma'ayeh M, Krishnan V, Gee SE, Russo J, Shellhaas C, Rood KM. Fetal renal artery impedance in pregnancies affected by preeclampsia. J Perinat Med 2020; 48:/j/jpme.ahead-of-print/jpm-2020-0024/jpm-2020-0024.xml. [PMID: 32171001 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2020-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific vascular endothelial disorder characterized by multi-organ system involvement. This includes the maternal kidneys, with changes such as continuous vasospasm of renal arteries and reduced renal blood flow. However, it is unclear whether similar renal vascular changes are seen in the fetus. This study sought to compare renal artery impedance in fetuses of women with and without PE. Methods This was a prospective Doppler assessment study of the fetal renal artery impedance in 48 singleton fetuses. The group with PE consisted of 24 appropriately grown fetuses in pregnancy complicated by both mild and severe PE and a control group of 24 uncomplicated pregnancies. Doppler studies included renal artery systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio, pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), and identification of end-diastolic blood flow. Results Fetuses of mothers with PE were more likely to have a lower renal artery Doppler S/D ratio (7.85 [6.4-10.2] vs. 10.8 [7.75-22.5], P = 0.03) and lower RI (0.875 [0.842-0.898] vs. 0.905 [0.872-0.957], P = 0.03). However, there was no statistically significant difference in PI. There was also no difference in the incidence of absent end-diastolic flow. Conclusion This study suggests that PE results in changes in blood flow to the renal arteries of the fetus. This may be associated with long-term adverse health effects later in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Ma'ayeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vidhya Krishnan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephen E Gee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jessica Russo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cynthia Shellhaas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kara M Rood
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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Wang B, Chen H, Chan YL, Wang G, Oliver BG. Why Do Intrauterine Exposure to Air Pollution and Cigarette Smoke Increase the Risk of Asthma? Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:38. [PMID: 32117969 PMCID: PMC7012803 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood asthma is increasing worldwide and increased in utero exposure to environmental toxicants may play a major role. As current asthma treatments are not curative, understanding the mechanisms underlying the etiology of asthma will allow better preventative strategies to be developed. This review focuses on the current understanding of how in utero exposure to environmental factors increases the risk of developing asthma in children. Epidemiological studies show that maternal smoking and particulate matter exposure during pregnancy are prominent risk factors for the development of childhood asthma. We discuss the changes in the developing fetus due to reduced oxygen and nutrient delivery affected by intrauterine environmental change. This leads to fetal underdevelopment and abnormal lung structure. Concurrently an altered immune response and aberrant epithelial and mesenchymal cellular function occur possibly due to epigenetic reprograming. The sequelae of these early life events are airway remodeling, airway hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation, the hallmark features of asthma. In summary, exposure to inhaled oxidants such as cigarette smoking or particulate matter increases the risk of childhood asthma and involves multiple mechanisms including impaired fetal lung development (structural changes), endocrine disorders, abnormal immune responses, and epigenetic modifications. These make it challenging to reduce the risk of asthma, but knowledge of the mechanisms can still help to develop personalized medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yik Lung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Alahakoon TI, Medbury HJ, Williams H, Lee VW. Lipid profiling in maternal and fetal circulations in preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction-a prospective case control observational study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:61. [PMID: 32000699 PMCID: PMC6993402 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-2753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While many risk factors for preeclampsia, such as increased body mass index, advanced maternal age, chronic hypertension, diabetes, are now established in clinical practice, maternal lipid profile has not been included in the risk assessment for preeclampsia. We aim to characterize the serum levels of Total Cholesterol (TC), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Low density lipoprotein (LDL), Triglycerides (TG), Apolipoprotein A1, Apolipoprotein B and their ratios TC/HDL and ApoB/ApoA1 in the maternal and fetal circulations of normal pregnancy, preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR) and PE + FGR. Methods A prospective cross-sectional case control study was conducted measuring maternal and fetal lipid levels by enzymatic analysis and immune-turbidimetric enzymatic assays. FGR was defined by elevated umbilical artery Doppler resistance in association with estimated fetal weight < 10%. Kruskal Wallis non-parametric analysis of variance was used to test for homogeneity across the clinical groups for each of the variables, Mann-Whitney tests for pairwise comparisons and Spearman rank correlation were used to quantify gestational age-related changes. Results (1) TG levels were elevated in maternal PE and cord blood PE + FGR groups compared to normal pregnancies. (2) A statistically significant elevation of fetal ApoB levels was observed in PE, FGR and PE + FGR compared to normal pregnancies. Apolipoprotein levels A1 and B were not different between maternal groups. (3) TC, HDL, LDL and TC/HDL levels did not show any significant gestational variation or between clinical groups in the maternal or fetal circulation. Conclusions Elevation in maternal TG levels may have a role in the pathogenesis of PE. The implications of elevated maternal and fetal TG levels and elevated fetal Apolipoprotein B levels deserves further exploration of their role in long term cardiovascular risk in the mother as well as the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thushari I Alahakoon
- University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Westmead Institute for Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
| | - Heather J Medbury
- University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Williams
- University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Vincent W Lee
- University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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Eugene M I, Alphonsus N O, Assumpta U I. Maternal-perinatal outcome in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia: Looking at early and late onset disorders. SAUDI JOURNAL FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/sjhs.sjhs_37_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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65
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Mateus J, Newman RB, Zhang C, Pugh SJ, Grewal J, Kim S, Grobman WA, Owen J, Sciscione AC, Wapner RJ, Skupski D, Chien E, Wing DA, Ranzini AC, Nageotte MP, Gerlanc N, Albert PS, Grantz KL. Fetal growth patterns in pregnancy-associated hypertensive disorders: NICHD Fetal Growth Studies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 221:635.e1-635.e16. [PMID: 31226296 PMCID: PMC6888945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal growth patterns in pregnancy-associated hypertensive disorders is poorly understood because prospective longitudinal data are lacking. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to compare longitudinal fetal growth trajectories between normotensive women and those with pregnancy-associated hypertensive disorders. STUDY DESIGN This is a study based on data from a prospective longitudinal cohort study of fetal growth performed at 12 US sites (2009-2013). Project gestational age was confirmed by ultrasound between 8 weeks 0 days and 13 weels 6 days, and up to 6 ultrasounds were performed across gestation. Hypertensive disorders were diagnosed based on 2002 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines and grouped hierarchically as severe preeclampsia (including eclampsia or HELLP [hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count] syndrome), mild preeclampsia, severe gestational hypertension, mild gestational hypertension, or unspecified hypertension. Women without any hypertensive disorder constituted the normotensive group. Growth curves for estimated fetal weight and individual biometric parameters including biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur and humerus length were calculated for each group using linear mixed models with cubic splines. Global and weekly pairwise comparisons were performed between women with a hypertensive disorder compared with normotensive women to analyze differences while adjusting for confounding variables. Delivery gestational age and birthweights were compared among groups. RESULTS Of 2462 women analyzed, 2296 (93.3%) were normotensive, 63 (2.6%) had mild gestational hypertension, 54 (2.2%) mild preeclampsia, 32 (1.3%) severe preeclampsia, and 17 (0.7%) unspecified hypertension. Compared with normotensive women, those with severe preeclampsia had estimated fetal weights that were reduced between 22 and 38 weeks (all weekly pairwise values of P < .008). Women with severe preeclampsia compared with those without hypertension also had significantly smaller fetal abdominal circumference between 23-31 and 33-37 weeks' gestation (weekly pairwise values of P < .04). Scattered weekly growth differences were noted on other biometric parameters between these 2 groups. The consistent differences in estimated fetal weight and abdominal circumference were not observed between women with other hypertensive disorders and those who were normotensive. Women with severe preeclampsia delivered significantly earlier (mean gestational age 35.9 ± 3.2 weeks) than the other groups (global P < .0001). Birthweights in the severe preeclampsia group were also significantly lower (mean -949.5 g [95% confidence interval, -1117.7 to -781.2 g]; P < .0001) than in the normotensive group. CONCLUSION Among women with pregnancy-associated hypertensive disorders, only those destined to develop severe preeclampsia demonstrated a significant and consistent difference in fetal growth (ie, smaller estimated fetal weight and abdominal circumference) when compared with normotensive women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Mateus
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
| | - Roger B Newman
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sarah J Pugh
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jagteshwar Grewal
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sungduk Kim
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - John Owen
- Center for Women's Reproductive Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Anthony C Sciscione
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Christiana Hospital, Newark, DE
| | | | - Daniel Skupski
- New York Presbyterian Queens, Flushing; Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Edward Chien
- Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Deborah A Wing
- University of California, Irvine, and Long Beach Memorial Medical Center/Miller Children's Hospital Irvine, CA
| | - Angela C Ranzini
- Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ; MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Nicole Gerlanc
- Prospective Group, Inc, contractor for the Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Paul S Albert
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Katherine L Grantz
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Das NS, Dheen ST, Ling EA, Bay BH, Srinivasan DK. Therapeutic Prospects in Preeclampsia - A Mini-Review. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4786-4798. [PMID: 30836908 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190228115423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclapmsia (PE) is characterized by early onset symptoms such as elevated blood pressure, proteinuria and edema in the pregnant woman, and may result in seizures in the affected female. Currently, there are no therapeutic drugs available to treat this condition, but there are interventions to regulate the symptoms based on the gestational period of the fetus, although the largely favored option is delivery of the fetus and placenta. OBJECTIVE A search for biomolecules associated with PE was conducted so as to identify diagnostic markers and therapeutic leads. RESULTS The literature search resulted in the identification of biomolecules such as Corin and Placental Protein 13 (PP13), among others that are associated with PE. Thereby, giving an insight into the various mechanistic pathways involved in the causation of PE. However, it is also evident that PE cannot be solely attributed to any single mechanism but is due to an interplay of different factors that have led to the development of this disease condition. CONCLUSION The identified biomarkers would ultimately help in understanding this complex disease and perhaps lead to the discovery of potential effective molecular targets for clinical trials, thereby providing a valuable therapeutic option for affected pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Das
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - S T Dheen
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - E A Ling
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - B H Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - D K Srinivasan
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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In vitro fertilization is associated with the onset and progression of preeclampsia. Placenta 2019; 89:50-57. [PMID: 31675490 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to estimate the risk of preeclampsia (PE) associated with in vitro fertilization (IVF) and potential predisposing factors responsible for the observed association. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 114485 pregnant women who delivered at the Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital between 2013 and 2018. Of the 114485 women, 4601 (4%) conceived through IVF (IVF group) and 109884 (96%) conceived spontaneously (SC group). We performed logistic regression analysis to evaluate the risk of PE following IVF compared to spontaneous conception (SC). Then, we used propensity score matching analysis to compare the clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcomes between IVF patients with and without PE. RESULT There were 1339 PE cases in the total study population, with a significantly higher incidence of PE in IVF relative to spontaneous pregnancies (6.1% vs. 1.0%, p < 0.01). Severe PE was more prevalent in singleton IVF-PE group than in singleton SC-PE group (40% vs. 24.1%, p = 0.025). Placenta accreta was more common in singleton preeclamptic patients with IVF than without IVF (12.5vs.2.6%, p = 0.003). Placental hypoxia was more prevalent in twin IVF pregnancies with PE than without PE (6% vs. 12.2%, p = 0.045). Moreover, the IVF-PE group showed more frequent first-trimester bleeding (31.6% vs. 10.5%, p = 0.024) compared to the control group. CONCLUSION IVF is associated with the onset and progression of PE. Defective placentation and placental insufficiency may predispose IVF patients to PE and may manifest as first-trimester bleeding.
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Barneo-Caragol C, Martínez-Morillo E, Rodríguez-González S, Lequerica-Fernández P, Vega-Naredo I, Álvarez FV. Increased serum strontium levels and altered oxidative stress status in early-onset preeclampsia. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 138:1-9. [PMID: 31055131 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correctly distinguishing preeclampsia (PE), gestational hypertension (GH), and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is a challenge for clinicians due to existing similarities. In our previous study, we showed that serum strontium (Sr) levels were elevated in preeclamptic women compared to healthy and GH pregnant women at the end of pregnancy. The main aim of this study was to evaluate Sr and oxidative stress in PE at the time of symptoms onset and before and compare it with IUGR/GH. METHODS Samples collected at symptoms onset included 77 preeclamptic women and 72 women diagnosed with IUGR/GH divided into two groups according to the gestational extraction week (<34 and ≥ 34). Fifteen patients were also serialized until delivery. Samples collected before symptoms onset included 140 women who developed early-onset PE (E-PE, n = 9), late-onset PE (L-PE, n = 13), IUGR (n = 9), GH (n = 32) and no pathologies (n = 77). Strontium, placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), uric acid (UA), creatinine, lipid peroxidation, and total antioxidant activity (TAA) were measured. RESULTS Mean Sr, sFlt-1/PIGF ratio, UA, and lipid peroxidation/TAA ratio levels were significantly higher (p = 0.002, <0.0001, <0.0001 and = 0.03, respectively) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and TAA significantly lower (p = 0.0008 and < 0.0001, respectively) in E-PE vs other pathologies when gestational extraction week was <34. There was a significant correlation between Sr and eGFR (r = 0.43, p = 0.02), sFlt-1/PIGF ratio (r = 0.56, p = 0.002), TAA and gestational week of sampling (r = -0.45, p = 0.02) and UA (r = -0.82, p < 0.0001) in the E-PE serial samples. No differences were found in Sr levels before symptoms onset. CONCLUSION Serum Sr concentration and oxidative status are increased in E-PE when compared to other pathologies at the time of symptoms onset. More studies are needed to elucidate the causes of Sr levels elevation and its role in the pathophysiology of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Barneo-Caragol
- Laboratory of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Av. de Roma, S/n, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Morillo
- Laboratory of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Av. de Roma, S/n, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Susana Rodríguez-González
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería, S/n, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Paloma Lequerica-Fernández
- Laboratory of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Av. de Roma, S/n, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Vega-Naredo
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería, S/n, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Francisco V Álvarez
- Laboratory of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Av. de Roma, S/n, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oviedo, C/ Fernando Bongera S/n, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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Li L, Huang X, He Z, Xiong Y, Fang Q. miRNA-210-3p regulates trophoblast proliferation and invasiveness through fibroblast growth factor 1 in selective intrauterine growth restriction. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4422-4433. [PMID: 30993882 PMCID: PMC6533475 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR), which affects approximately 10%-15% of monochorionic (MC) twin pregnancies, is highly associated with intrauterine foetal death and neurological impairment in both twins. Data suggest that unequal sharing of the single placenta is the main contributor to birth weight discordance. While MC twins and their placenta derive from a single zygote and harbour almost identical genetic material, the underlying mechanisms of phenotypic discrepancies in MC twins remain unclear. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression but do not change the DNA sequence. Our preliminary study showed that microRNA-210-3p (miR-210-3p) was significantly upregulated in the placental share of the smaller sIUGR twin. Here, we investigate the potential role of miR-210-3p in placental dysplasia, which generally results from dysfunction of trophoblast cells. Functional analysis revealed that miR-210-3p, induced by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) under hypoxic conditions, suppressed the proliferation and invasiveness of trophoblast cell lines. Further RNA sequencing analysis and luciferase reporter assays were performed, revealing that fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) is an influential target gene of miR-210-3p. Moreover, correlations among miR-210-3p levels, HIF1α and FGF1 expression and the smaller placental share were validated in sIUGR specimens. These findings suggest that upregulation of miR-210-3p may contribute to impaired placentation of the smaller twin by decreasing FGF1 expression in sIUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhiming He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yuanyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Qun Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fetal Medicine CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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Ozer A, Tolun F, Aslan F, Hatırnaz S, Alkan F. The role of G protein-associated estrogen receptor (GPER) 1, corin, raftlin, and estrogen in etiopathogenesis of intrauterine growth retardation. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 34:755-760. [PMID: 31088311 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1615433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to detect the role of G protein-associated estrogen receptor (GPER) 1, corin, raftlin and estrogen in etiopathogenesis of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR).Materials and methods: The present study was designed prospectively between January 2017 and May 2018. The study group included 32 patients with unexplained IUGR and 32 healthy pregnant women who gave birth at term among the patients who referred to obstetrics clinic of a tertiary reference hospital. Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) was accepted as birth weight below 10th percentile according to the estimated fetal weight. Exclusion criteria were as follows: the patients with renal or hepatic dysfunction, presence of any chronic disease, smoker patients, preeclampsia, acute or chronic inflammatory diseases, body mass index as <18 kg/m2 and >25 kg/m2, structural or chromosomal abnormality in fetus Estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), GPER, corin, and raftlin levels were analyzed in maternal serum and placental tissue homogenate through ELISA method.Results: Serum levels of GPER-1, raftlin, and E3 were significantly lower in IUGR group when compared with the control group (p < .05 for all). Serum corin and E2 levels were similar between two groups. GPER-1, E2, E3, raftlin, and corin levels in placental homogenate were found significantly higher in the control group (p < .05 for all).Conclusion: Although maternal, fetal, and placental causes take place in etiopathogenesis of IUGR, exact etiological factor is not revealed in majority of the IUGR cases. The present study serves as the first study revealing the role of the decrease in GPER-1 and raftlin in maternal serum and placental levels on the etiopathogenesis of IUGR. Furthermore, the decrease in placental corin expression of the cases with IUGR was detected first in the literature. The present study reveals a potential therapeutic use of GPER-1, corin, and raftlin for IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alev Ozer
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Hospital, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Fatma Tolun
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Hospital, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | | | | | - Filiz Alkan
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Hospital, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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Intrauterine growth restriction, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 to placental growth factor ratio increase and preeclampsia. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2019; 48:695-697. [PMID: 31085278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preeclampsia (PE) share common features such as ischemic placental disease but also differ in their clinical expression regarding maternal diseases. The reason why IUGRremains isolated in some cases yet is followed by clinical manifestations of PE in other cases remains unexplained. CASE REPORT A 40-year old woman, gravida two, para one, experienced early-onset IUGR with a significant increase in the ratio of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) to placental growth factor (PlGF) but, surprisingly, without any maternal clinical manifestations of PE. CONCLUSION IUGR and a significant increase in sFlt-1/PlGF ratio without PE raise the issue of a missing factor enabling IUGR, a significant increase in sFlt-1/PlGF ratio, and PE to be linked. TEACHING POINTS: (1) Early-onset IUGR and a significant increase in sFlt-1/PlGF ratio do not necessarily mean the onset of PE. (2) Combining early-onset IUGR and a significant increase in sFlt-1/PlGF ratio without PE raises the question of an additional factor responsible for the onset of PE.
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Christian LM. At the forefront of psychoneuroimmunology in pregnancy: Implications for racial disparities in birth outcomes PART 1: Behavioral risks factors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 117:319-326. [PMID: 31005626 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Birth prior to full term is a substantial public health issue. In the US, ˜400,000 babies per year are born preterm (<37 weeks), while>1 million are early term (37-386/7 weeks). Birth prior to full term confers risk both immediate and long term, including neonatal intensive care, decrements in school performance, and increased mortality risk from infancy through young adulthood. Risk for low birth weight and preterm birth are 1.5-2 times greater among African Americans versus Whites. Psychosocial stress related to being a member of a discriminated racial minority group contributes substantially to these racial disparities. Providing promising targets for intervention, depressed mood, anxiety, and poor sleep are each linked with exposure to chronic stress, including racial discrimination. A rigorous transdisciplinary approach addressing these gaps holds great promise for clinical impact in addressing racial disparities as well as ameliorating effects of stress on perinatal health more broadly. As will be reviewed in a companion paper, the mechanistic roles of physiological sequelae to stress - including neuroendocrine, inflammatory regulation, biological aging, and the microbiome - also require delineation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Christian
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Shi Z, Liu B, Li Y, Liu F, Yuan X, Wang Y. MicroRNA-652-3p promotes the proliferation and invasion of the trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cell line by targeting homeobox A9 to modulate the expression of ephrin receptor B4. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:587-596. [PMID: 30839116 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as novel modulators in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE). Multiple miRNAs have been shown to regulate the proliferation and invasion of trophoblast cells, which play a critical role in successful pregnancies. miR-652-3p has been identified as a novel disease-associated miRNA that is dysregulated in various pathological processes. However, whether miR-652-3p is dysregulated in PE and regulates the cellular function of trophoblast cells remains unknown. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression pattern of miR-652-3p in PE and explore its potential function in trophoblast cells. Herein, we found that miR-652-3p expression was significantly decreased in the placental tissues of pregnant women with PE. Cellular function experiments showed that overexpression of miR-652-3p promoted the viability, proliferation, and invasion of trophoblast cells in vitro. By contrast, inhibition of miR-652-3p had the opposite effect. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that homeobox A9 (HOXA9), a crucial regulator of trophoblast cell function, was a potential target gene of miR-652-3p. A luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-652-3p directly interacted with the 3'-untranslated region of HOXA9. Moreover, miR-652-3p was shown to negatively regulate the expression of HOXA9 and ephrin receptor B4 (EphB4) in trophoblast cells. Notably, overexpression of HOXA9 or EphB4 significantly reversed the regulatory effect of miR-652-3p on proliferation and invasion of trophoblast cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that miR-652-3p regulates the proliferation and invasion of trophoblast cells, possibly through targeting HOXA9 and modulating EphB4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Shi
- Department of Obstetrics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanchuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohua Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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74
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Majewska M, Lipka A, Paukszto L, Jastrzebski JP, Szeszko K, Gowkielewicz M, Lepiarczyk E, Jozwik M, Majewski MK. Placenta Transcriptome Profiling in Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1510. [PMID: 30917529 PMCID: PMC6471577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a serious pathological complication associated with compromised fetal development during pregnancy. The aim of the study was to broaden knowledge about the transcriptomic complexity of the human placenta by identifying genes potentially involved in IUGR pathophysiology. RNA-Seq data were used to profile protein-coding genes, detect alternative splicing events (AS), single nucleotide variant (SNV) calling, and RNA editing sites prediction in IUGR-affected placental transcriptome. The applied methodology enabled detection of 37,501 transcriptionally active regions and the selection of 28 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs), among them 10 were upregulated and 18 downregulated in IUGR-affected placentas. Functional enrichment annotation indicated that most of the DEGs were implicated in the processes of inflammation and immune disorders related to IUGR and preeclampsia. Additionally, we revealed that some genes (S100A13, GPR126, CTRP1, and TFPI) involved in the alternation of splicing events were mainly implicated in angiogenic-related processes. Significant SNVs were overlapped with 6533 transcripts and assigned to 2386 coding sequence (CDS), 1528 introns, 345 5' untranslated region (UTR), 1260 3'UTR, 918 non-coding RNA (ncRNA), and 10 intergenic regions. Within CDS regions, 543 missense substitutions with functional effects were recognized. Two known mutations (rs4575, synonymous; rs3817, on the downstream region) were detected within the range of AS and DEG candidates: PA28β and PINLYP, respectively. Novel genes that are dysregulated in IUGR were detected in the current research. Investigating genes underlying the IUGR is crucial for identification of mechanisms regulating placental development during a complicated pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Majewska
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska Str 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Lipka
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Niepodleglosci Str 44, 10-045 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Lukasz Paukszto
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Str 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland.
| | - Jan Pawel Jastrzebski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Str 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland.
| | - Karol Szeszko
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Str 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland.
| | - Marek Gowkielewicz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Niepodleglosci Str 44, 10-045 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ewa Lepiarczyk
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska Str 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Marcin Jozwik
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Niepodleglosci Str 44, 10-045 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Krzysztof Majewski
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska Str 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland.
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75
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Köse S, Tosun G, İsbilen Basok B, Keskinoğlu P, Altunyurt S. Prediction of ischemic placental diseases during the first trimester combined test period: a retrospective cohort of low-risk pregnancies in search of the link between parity and disease. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 33:3272-3278. [PMID: 30821544 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1571030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the predictive power of a multifactorial model established on maternal characteristics, placenta-associated plasma protein A (PAPPA), and the mean uterine artery pulsatility index (Ut A PI) levels for the development of ischemic placental diseases (IPD) during the first-trimester combined test (FTCT) period and to evaluate the strength of some generally accepted clinical risk factors.Method: The studied data were obtained from a retrospective cohort of low-risk singleton pregnancies in the FTCT between 1 August 2016 and 1 December 2017. After routine 11-13-week examinations for FTCT, the Ut A PI was measured and stored electronically. The PAPPA multiple of median (MoM) was obtained as a routine component of aneuploidy screening.Results: A sample of 2493 pregnancies with clearly documented outcomes was studied. Early-onset preeclampsia, late-onset preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction (FGR) were observed in 9 (0.36%), 27 (1.08%), and 41 (1.64%) cases, respectively. With optimum cut-off levels of 0.69 for PAPPA MoM and 2.05 for mean Ut A PI and a false positive rate of 4.9%, IPD cases could be predicted with 83.3% sensitivity and 73.7% specificity. Nulliparity, previous abortion in nulliparous women and first pregnancy from second marriage were not independent risk factors. Maternal age, an interval from the last delivery longer than 6 years, and body mass index were found to be independent risk factors.Conclusion: The IPD showed some common and distinct clinical, laboratory and Doppler findings during the FTCT and were predictable with the help of multifactorial analysis. Some widely accepted risk factors could be affected by various confounders. Because of the increased IPD frequencies, parous women with a time interval from the last delivery of 6 years or longer should be screened as a high-risk group for placental dysfunction-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semir Köse
- Department of Perinatology, Buca Maternity Hospital, Buca, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Tosun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Konak, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Banu İsbilen Basok
- Medical Biochemistry Department, University of Health Sciences, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Konak, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Pembe Keskinoğlu
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sabahattin Altunyurt
- Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
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76
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Chaudhry SH, Taljaard M, MacFarlane AJ, Gaudet LM, Smith GN, Rodger M, Rennicks White R, Walker MC, Wen SW. The role of maternal homocysteine concentration in placenta-mediated complications: findings from the Ottawa and Kingston birth cohort. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:75. [PMID: 30782144 PMCID: PMC6381683 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Homocysteine is an intermediate metabolite implicated in the risk of placenta-mediated complications, including preeclampsia, placental abruption, fetal growth restriction, and pregnancy loss. Large cohort and case-control studies have reported inconsistent associations between homocysteine and these complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether elevated maternal plasma homocysteine concentration in the early to mid-second trimester is associated with an increased risk of placenta-mediated complications. We examined the following potential moderating factors that may explain discrepancies among previous studies: high-risk pregnancy and the MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism. Methods We analyzed data from participants recruited to the Ottawa and Kingston (OaK) Birth Cohort from 2002 to 2009 in Ottawa and Kingston, Canada. The primary outcome was a composite of any placenta-mediated complication, defined as a composite of small for gestational age (SGA) infant, preeclampsia, placental abruption, and pregnancy loss. Secondary outcomes were, individually: SGA infant, preeclampsia, placental abruption, and pregnancy loss. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses with homocysteine as the primary continuous exposure, adjusting for gestational age at the time of bloodwork and explanatory maternal characteristics. The functional form, i.e., the shape of the homocysteine association with the outcome was examined using restricted cubic splines and information criteria (Akaike’s/Bayesian Information Criterion statistics). Missing data were handled with multiple imputation. Results 7587 cohort participants were included in the study. Maternal plasma homocysteine concentration was significantly associated (linearly) with an increased risk of both the composite outcome of any placenta-mediated complication (p = 0.0007), SGA (p = 0.0010), severe SGA, and marginally with severe preeclampsia, but not preeclampsia, placental abruption and pregnancy loss. An increase in homocysteine concentration significantly increased the odds of any placenta-mediated complication (odds ratio (OR) for a 5 μmol/L increase: 1.63, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.23–2.16) and SGA (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.25–2.46). Subgroup analyses indicated some potential for modifying effects of the MTHFR 677C>T genotype and high-risk pregnancy, although the interaction was not statistically significant (high-risk subgroup OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.24–4.53, p-value for interaction =0.14). Conclusions Our results suggest an independent effect of early to mid-pregnancy elevated maternal homocysteine on placenta-mediated pregnancy complications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12884-019-2219-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia H Chaudhry
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monica Taljaard
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda J MacFarlane
- Nutrition Research Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura M Gaudet
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graeme N Smith
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Queen's University, Kington, Ontario, Canada.,Kingston General Hospital Research Institute, Kington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc Rodger
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mark C Walker
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shi Wu Wen
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. .,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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77
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Delforce SJ, Lumbers ER, Morosin SK, Wang Y, Pringle KG. The Angiotensin II type 1 receptor mediates the effects of low oxygen on early placental angiogenesis. Placenta 2018; 75:54-61. [PMID: 30712667 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Placental development occurs in a low oxygen environment, which stimulates angiogenesis by upregulating vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (SERPINE1) and the angiopoietin-2/-1 ratio (ANGPT2/1). At this time, Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) is highly expressed. We postulated that the early gestation placental oxygen milieu, by stimulating the angiotensin (Ang) II/AT1R pathway, increases expression of proliferative/angiogenic factors. METHODS HTR-8/SVneo cells were cultured in 1%, 5% or 20% O2 with the AT1R antagonist (losartan) for 48 h. mRNA and protein levels of angiogenic factors were determined by qPCR and ELISA. Angiogenesis and cell viability were assessed by HUVEC tube formation and resazurin assay. RESULTS Culture in low oxygen (1%) increased angiogenic VEGFA, SERPINE1 and placental growth factor (PGF) mRNA and VEGFA and SERPINE1 protein levels, and reduced anti-angiogenic ANGPT1, endoglin (ENG) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-e15a (sFlt-e15a) mRNA (all P = 0.0001). At 1% oxygen, losartan significantly reduced intracellular VEGFA and SERPINE1 levels and secreted VEGF levels (P = 0.008, 0.0001 and 0.0001). HUVEC tube formation was increased in cells grown in HTR-8/SVneo conditioned medium from 1 to 5% cultures (all P = 0.0001). HUVECs cultured in medium from losartan treated HTR-8/SVneo cells had a reduced number of meshes, branching points and total branching length (P = 0.004, 0.003 and 0.0002). At 1% oxygen, losartan partially inhibited the oxygen-induced increase in cell viability (P = 0.0001). DISCUSSION Thus, AT1R blockade antagonised the low oxygen induced increase in pro-angiogenic factor expression and cell viability. Our findings highlight a role for an oxygen-sensitive Ang II/AT1R pathway during placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Delforce
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eugenie R Lumbers
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Saije K Morosin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yu Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Perinatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kirsty G Pringle
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
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78
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Ökdemir D, Hatipoğlu N, Kurtoğlu S, Siraz ÜG, Akar HH, Muhtaroğlu S, Kütük MS. The Role of Irisin, Insulin and Leptin in Maternal and Fetal Interaction. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2018; 10:307-315. [PMID: 29809159 PMCID: PMC6280331 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin is an important hormone for intrauterine growth. Irisin is an effective myokine in the regulation of physiological insulin resistance in pregnancy. Leptin and insulin are associated with fetal growth and fetal adiposity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationships between irisin, insulin and leptin levels and maternal weight gain, as well as anthropometric measurements in the newborn. METHODS Eighty-four mothers and newborns were included in the study. Irisin, leptin and insulin levels were measured in the mothers and in cord blood. Anthropometric measurements in the newborn, maternal weight at the beginning of the pregnancy and at delivery were recorded. RESULTS Birth weight were classified as small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and large for gestational age (LGA). There was no difference in irisin levels among the groups. Leptin and insulin levels were found to change significantly according to birth weight (p=0.013, and p=0.012, respectively). There was a negative correlation between the anthropometric measurements of the AGA newborns and irisin levels. This correlation was not observed in SGA and LGA babies. Leptin levels were associated with fetal adiposity. CONCLUSION While irisin levels are not affected by weight gain during pregnancy nor by birth weight, they show a relationship with anthropometric measurements in AGA infants. These results may lead to the understanding of metabolic disorders that will occur in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Ökdemir
- Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Elazığ, Turkey,* Address for Correspondence: Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Elazığ, Turkey Phone: +90 424 237 00 00 E-mail:
| | - Nihal Hatipoğlu
- Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Selim Kurtoğlu
- Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ülkü Gül Siraz
- Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Himmet Haluk Akar
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet Serdar Kütük
- Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Perinatology, Kayseri, Turkey
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79
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Huppertz B. An updated view on the origin and use of angiogenic biomarkers for preeclampsia. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 18:1053-1061. [PMID: 30413130 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1546579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The last decade has seen massive efforts towards the identification and the potential use of predictive biomarkers for the pregnancy pathology preeclampsia. The angiogenic factors sFlt-1 and placental growth factor (PGF) have been in focus and have been massively supported. Areas covered: This review describes preeclampsia and intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR), focusing on sFlt-1 and PGF, their sources during and outside pregnancy and the application of these markers in diseases outside pregnancy. Finally, the specificity of the angiogenic markers for preeclampsia is discussed. Expert commentary: The admixture of the two independent syndromes preeclampsia and IUGR has not helped in identifying the etiologies of either. Rather, it has made the search for new markers and pathways much more complicated as has the constriction on the angiogenic markers. The current markers sFlt-1 and PGF have a clear value once an adverse outcome is diagnosed but are not specific for preeclampsia. Also, they are mostly derived from the maternal vascular system rather than the placenta and are already in use as markers outside pregnancy. A new holistic approach using disease maps and interoperable workflows based on topic-related big data will help in broadening our understanding of the etiology of preeclampsia and hence, develop new markers and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthold Huppertz
- a Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology , Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria
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80
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de León Bautista MP, Romero-Valdovinos M, Zavaleta-Villa B, Martínez-Flores A, Olivo-Díaz A. Association of Cystathionine β-Synthase Gene Polymorphisms With Preeclampsia. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2018; 24:285S-293S. [PMID: 30380942 PMCID: PMC6714820 DOI: 10.1177/1076029618808913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy disorder that increases maternal and fetal
morbidity and mortality worldwide. High plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy) are
a risk factor for several cardiovascular diseases. Cystathionine β-synthase
(CBS) plays an important role in Hcy homeostasis catalyzing the irreversible
degradation of Hcy to cystathionine, protecting the endothelium from injury
caused by hypoxia. Several mutations and polymorphisms may alter the expression
of the CBS gene, resulting in variable levels of Hcy. The
purpose of this study was to investigate the association of CBS
gene polymorphisms with PE in Mexican women. A case–control study consisting of
129 pregnant women with PE (37 severe and 92 mild) and 173 women with
uncomplicated pregnancies was performed. Polymorphisms, such as G797A, C785T,
T833C, G919A, T959C, C1105T, and 844ins68 base pair, in the CBS
gene were genotyped. The polymorphism G797A was monomorphic in cases with the
presence of only G797A-G allele. Allele C785T-T and genotype C785T-C/T were
associated with susceptibility in severe and mild PE. Alleles G797A-G and
T959C-T were associated with susceptibility only in severe PE. Haplotype TGTWGTC
was of susceptibility for severe PE and of protection for mild PE. Haplotypes
CGTWGCC and CATWGTC seem to be protective for severe PE, but the latter is
related to susceptibility in mild PE. The results suggest that C785T, G797A, and
T959C mutations are contributing in different ways in severe and mild PE in our
population and could be count as another related factor for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirza Romero-Valdovinos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, General Hospital "Dr Manuel Gea Gonzalez," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Zavaleta-Villa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, General Hospital "Dr Manuel Gea Gonzalez," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arony Martínez-Flores
- Department of Ecology of Pathogens Agents, General Hospital "Dr Manuel Gea Gonzalez," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Olivo-Díaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, General Hospital "Dr Manuel Gea Gonzalez," Mexico City, Mexico
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81
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Ferguson KK, Kamai EM, Cantonwine DE, Mukherjee B, Meeker JD, McElrath TF. Associations between repeated ultrasound measures of fetal growth and biomarkers of maternal oxidative stress and inflammation in pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e13017. [PMID: 29984454 PMCID: PMC6160349 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Perturbations in normal fetal growth during pregnancy are associated with poor child and adult health outcomes. Inflammation and oxidative stress are recognized as important mechanisms in preeclampsia and preterm birth but have been examined less in relation to fetal growth. We hypothesized that maternal inflammation and oxidative stress in pregnancy would be associated with reduced fetal growth and sought to identify windows of vulnerability. METHOD OF STUDY In a secondary analysis of 482 women from the LIFECODES birth cohort study, we measured inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP] and the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) and oxidative stress (8-isoprostane and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine [8-OHdG]) biomarkers in plasma and urine, respectively, at four time points during pregnancy. We examined associations between repeated measures of each marker and ultrasound (head and abdominal circumference, femur length, and a summary measure of estimated fetal weight) as well as delivery (birthweight) metrics of growth. RESULTS In adjusted repeated-measures models, an interquartile range (IQR) increase in CRP was associated with a 0.12 standard deviation decrease in fetal weight z-score (95% confidence interval, CI, -0.21, -0.02), which corresponds to approximately 50 g at 40-week gestation. The association was greatest in magnitude (ie, most negative) with CRP measured later in pregnancy. Oxidative stress markers were not associated with fetal weight, although both were inversely associated with head circumference and femur length. CONCLUSION Inflammation and oxidative stress markers measured later in pregnancy were associated with reduced fetal growth as measured by repeated ultrasound scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly K. Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Kamai
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | - David E. Cantonwine
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health
| | - John D. Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health
| | - Thomas F. McElrath
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
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82
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Zhu J, Huang R, Zhang J, Ye W, Zhang J. A prophylactic low-dose aspirin earlier than 12 weeks until delivery should be considered to prevent preeclampsia. Med Hypotheses 2018; 121:127-130. [PMID: 30396465 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trials and meta-analyses have demonstrated that low-dose aspirin can reduce the risk of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction in high-risk pregnant women. Current obstetric guidelines recommend that the administration of low-dose aspirin to prevent preeclampsia be initiated after 12 weeks' gestation. This starting time was chosen to minimize possible risks of maternal bleeding and fetal anomalies. However, evidence from reproductive medicine, where low-dose aspirin is commonly recommended to use before and in early pregnancy, as well as existing literature, does not support these concerns. On the other hand, defective placentation resulting in a subsequent ischemic placenta is considered as the starting point of preeclampsia. Low-dose aspirin initiated in early pregnancy can balance the levels of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin and maintain adequate uteroplacental blood flow and, therefore, improve placentation. Thus, an initiation of low-dose aspirin earlier than 12 weeks can be considered. Meanwhile, evidence shows that low-dose aspirin can improve maternal vascular endothelial function without increasing the risks of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Therefore, it appears safe to use low-dose aspirin as a prophylactic until delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Huang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinwen Zhang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China.
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83
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Abstract
Purpose Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertensive disorders such as preeclampsia (PE) and associated with the human vitamin E-binding protein afamin. The aim of this study was, therefore, to analyse afamin in the first trimester of patients developing PE later in pregnancy and in control subjects without pregnancy complications. Methods In this retrospective study, 137 serum samples from the first trimester of pregnancy were analysed in a case–control study design. 39 patients developed PE (10 patients with early-onset and 29 patients with late onset disease) and 98 women had an uncomplicated pregnancy. Mann–Whitney U test, t test, logistic regression and ROC analyses were performed for statistical evaluation. Results Pregnant women developing PE presented with higher afamin concentrations in the first trimester [median 101.81 mg/L; interquartile range (IQR) 88.94–113.26] compared to subjects with uncomplicated pregnancy (median 86.40; IQR 75.26–96.92; p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, the odds ratio per afamin standard deviation was 1.60 (95% CI: 1.04–2.58; p = 0.04). An afamin threshold concentration of 87.8 mg/L exhibited the best sensitivity (79.5%) and specificity (57.1%) in predicting PE. Subgroup analysis of early- and late-onset disease resulted in substantially higher afamin concentrations in women with developing late-onset PE compared to controls (p < 0.001) with an odds ratio per afamin standard deviation of 1.62 (95% CI: 0.98–2.70; p = 0.06). Conclusions Serum afamin concentrations are elevated in the first trimester among patients developing PE compared to controls. Substantial differences were observed mainly among patients with late-onset PE.
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84
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Liyew EF, Yalew AW, Afework MF, Essén B. Maternal near-miss and the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes: a prospective cohort study in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018; 18:345. [PMID: 30134858 PMCID: PMC6106830 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-018-1983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Presence of maternal near-miss conditions in women is strongly associated with the occurrence of adverse perinatal outcomes, but not well-understood in low-income countries. The study aimed to ascertain the effect of maternal near-miss on the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in Ethiopia. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted in five public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Women admitted from May 1, 2015 to April 30, 2016 were recruited for the study. We followed a total of 828 women admitted for delivery or treatment of pregnancy-related complications along with their singleton newborn babies. Maternal near-miss was the primary exposure and was ascertained using the World Health Organization criteria. Women who delivered without complications were taken as the non-exposed groups. The main outcome was adverse perinatal outcomes. Data on maternal near-miss and perinatal outcomes were abstracted from medical records of the participants. Exposed and non-exposed women were interviewed by well-trained data collectors to obtain information about potential confounding factors. Logistic regressions were performed using Stata version 13.0 to determine the adjusted odds of adverse perinatal outcomes. Results A total of 207 women with maternal near-miss and 621 women with uncomplicated delivery were included in the study. After adjusting for potential confounders, women with maternal near-miss condition had more than five-fold increased odds of adverse perinatal outcomes compared to women who delivered without any complications (AOR = 5.69: 95% CI; 3.69–8.76). Other risk factors that were independently associated with adverse perinatal outcomes include: rural residence, history of prior stillbirth and primary educational level. Conclusions Presence of maternal near-miss in women is an independent risk factor for adverse perinatal outcomes. Hence, interventions rendered at improvement in maternal health of Ethiopia can lead to an improvement in perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewnetu Firdawek Liyew
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
| | - Alemayehu Worku Yalew
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mesganaw Fantahun Afework
- Department of Reproductive Health and Health Service Management, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Birgitta Essén
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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85
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Gaiday AN, Tussupkaliyev AB, Bermagambetova SK, Zhumagulova SS, Sarsembayeva LK, Dossimbetova MB, Daribay ZZ. Effect of homocysteine on pregnancy: A systematic review. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 293:70-76. [PMID: 30053452 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Research purpose was to put together the available pieces of present scientific data and to close the gap in the knowledge of Hcy levels in pregnancy and its association with some pregnancy complications. Scientific data were taken from research papers published between January 1990 and December 2017, and found on the Internet (PubMed, ClinicalKey and Embase databases) by the following tags entered in English, Russian, French and German languages: pregnancy, homocysteine, pregnancy complications, pregnancy loss, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and placental abruption. The review showed that Hcy levels range in uncomplicated pregnancy. Upon that, Hcy level tends to decrease during the second and third trimesters. Some studies have revealed a link between polymorphism and abortion. Sufficient data were obtained indicating the relationship between HHcy and PE. Placental abruption was also associated with high Hcy levels increasing the risk 5.3-fold, but still there are data not supporting the hypothesis that Hcy levels correlate with placental abruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey N Gaiday
- West-Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov State Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
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86
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Li X, Zhang W, Lin J, Liu H, Yang Z, Teng Y, Duan S, Li Y, Xie Y, Lin X, Xie L, Peng Q, Huang J, Chen J, Duan W, Luo J, Zhang J. Preterm birth, low birthweight, and small for gestational age among women with preeclampsia: Does maternal age matter? Pregnancy Hypertens 2018; 13:260-266. [PMID: 30177063 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To better understand the effects of maternal age on birth outcomes among preeclampsia (PE) patients, we examined the rates of preterm birth, low birthweight, and small for gestational age (SGA) among different age groups and explored whether maternal age was associated with those adverse outcomes. STUDY DESIGN This is a multicenter retrospective study. Data from 1128 PE patients, including 580 with early onset PE and 548 with late onset PE, were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Maternal age was categorized into three groups: <25, 25-34, and ≥35 years. The outcome variables were preterm birth (<37 weeks; subgroups: <28 weeks, 28-33 weeks, and 34-36 weeks), low birthweight (<2500 g; subgroups: <1500 g and <1000 g), and SGA. Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between maternal age groups and outcomes. RESULTS In early onset PE, compared with maternal age 25-34 years, maternal age ≥35 years was associated with elevated risk for preterm delivery before 28 weeks, and maternal age <25 years was associated with elevated risk for low birthweight and SGA. When the analysis was restricted to women who underwent cesarean section, elevated risks for preterm birth and/or low birthweight were observed for women younger than 25 years in both early and late onset PE. CONCLUSIONS Among women with PE, maternal age <25 years could add risk to preterm birth and/or low birthweight. For women with early onset PE, maternal age ≥35 years is a risk factor for preterm delivery before 28 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Weishe Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Jianhua Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 145 Shandong Zhonglu, Shanghai 20001, China.
| | - Huai Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 318 Bayi Dadao, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zujing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yincheng Teng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Si Duan
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yuanqiu Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yingming Xie
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xinxiu Lin
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Liangqun Xie
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Qiaozhen Peng
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jingrui Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jingfei Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Weifang Duan
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jiefeng Luo
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jiejie Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
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Maternal total cell-free DNA in preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction: Evidence of differences in maternal response to abnormal implantation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200360. [PMID: 30001403 PMCID: PMC6042756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction are obstetrical syndromes associated with abnormal placental implantation and changes in the activation status of maternal leukocytes. This study is aimed to determine by a simple, rapid fluorescent assay the changes in maternal serum total cell-free DNA (t-cfDNA) concentrations in women with preeclampsia and those with fetal growth restriction (FGR). Study design A cross-sectional study was conducted measuring maternal serum t-cfDNA concentrations. Women were classified into the following groups: 1) patients with preeclampsia (n = 21); 2) FGR-estimated fetal weight below the 10thpercentile (n = 28); and 3) normal pregnancy (n = 39). Serum samples were directly assayed for t-cfDNA using a rapid fluorescent SYBR Gold assay. Elevated maternal serum t-cfDNA concentrations were defined as a cutoff>850ng/ml. Nonparametric statistics were used for analysis. Results Women with preeclampsia had a higher median maternal serum concentration (802 ng/ml, 400–2272 ng/ml) than women with a normal pregnancy (499 ng/ml, 0–1892 ng/ml, p = 0.004) and those with FGR (484 ng/ml, 72–2187 ng/ml, p = 0.012). Moreover, even patients with FGR <5th percentile and abnormal Doppler had a lower median maternal serum t-cfDNA than those with preeclampsia (median 487 ng/ml, 144–1971 ng/ml, p = 0.022). The median concentration of t-cfDNA did not differ between women with a normal pregnancy and those with FGR (p = 0.54), as well as those with fetuses <5th percentile and abnormal Doppler (p = 0.7). Women with preeclampsia had a higher proportion of elevated t-cfDNA than those with a normal pregnancy (p = 0.015) and patients with FGR (p = 0.025). Conclusions Preeclampsia is associated with higher maternal serum t-cfDNA concentration than normal pregnancy or FGR. This observation may reflect an increased systemic activation of the maternal inflammation, rather than placental; this assumption is supported by the fact that we did not observe a significant change in the maternal serum t-cfDNA in patients with placental-mediated FGR.
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88
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Role of endogenous digitalis-like factors in the clinical manifestations of severe preeclampsia: a sytematic review. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1215-1242. [PMID: 29930141 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous digitalis-like factor(s), originally proposed as a vasoconstrictor natriuretic hormone, was discovered in fetal and neonatal blood accidentally because it cross-reacts with antidigoxin antibodies (ADAs). Early studies using immunoassays with ADA identified the digoxin-like immuno-reactive factor(s) (EDLF) in maternal blood as well, and suggested it originated in the feto-placental unit. Mammalian digoxin-like factors have recently been identified as at least two classes of steroid compounds, plant derived ouabain (O), and several toad derived bufodienolides, most prominent being marinobufagenin (MBG). A synthetic pathway for MBG has been identified in mammalian placental tissue. Elevated maternal and fetal EDLF, O and MBG have been demonstrated in preeclampsia (PE), and inhibition of red cell membrane sodium, potassium ATPase (Na, K ATPase (NKA)) by EDLF is reversed by ADA fragments (ADA-FAB). Accordingly, maternal administration of a commercial ADA-antibody fragment (FAB) was tested in several anecdotal cases of PE, and two, small randomized, prospective, double-blind clinical trials. In the first randomized trial, ADA-FAB was administered post-partum, in the second antepartum. In the post-partum trial, ADA-FAB reduced use of antihypertensive drugs. In the second trial, there was no effect of ADA-FAB on blood pressure, but the fall in maternal creatinine clearance (CrCl) was prevented. In a secondary analysis using the pre-treatment maternal level of circulating Na, K ATPase (NKA) inhibitory activity (NKAI), ADA-FAB reduced the incidence of pulmonary edema and, unexpectedly, that of severe neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). The fall in CrCl in patients given placebo was proportional to the circulating level of NKAI. The implications of these findings on the pathophysiology of the clinical manifestations PE are discussed, and a new model of the respective roles of placenta derived anti-angiogenic (AAG) factors (AAGFs) and EDLF is proposed.
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89
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Kisanga EP, Tang Z, Guller S, Whirledge S. Glucocorticoid signaling regulates cell invasion and migration in the human first-trimester trophoblast cell line Sw.71. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e12974. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edwina P. Kisanga
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
| | - Zhonghua Tang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
| | - Seth Guller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
| | - Shannon Whirledge
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
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90
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Osman MW, Nath M, Breslin E, Khalil A, Webb DR, Robinson TG, Mousa HA. Association between arterial stiffness and wave reflection with subsequent development of placental-mediated diseases during pregnancy. J Hypertens 2018; 36:1005-1014. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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91
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Dutta A, Khramtsova G, Brito K, Alexander D, Mueller A, Chinthala S, Adu D, Ibigbami T, Olamijulo J, Odetunde A, Adigun K, Pruitt L, Hurley I, Olopade O, Ojengbede O, Rana S, Olopade CO. Household air pollution and chronic hypoxia in the placenta of pregnant Nigerian women: A randomized controlled ethanol Cookstove intervention. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:212-220. [PMID: 29149745 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Household air pollution (HAP) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. OBJECTIVES Investigate impact of in-utero HAP exposure on placental development and chronic hypoxia. METHODS Markers of chronic placental hypoxia [Hofbauer cells (HBC), syncytial knots (SK), chorionic vascular density (cVD) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)] were stained by hematoxylin-eosin and/or immunohistochemically in placenta samples collected from firewood-/kerosene-users (A,n=16), and ethanol-users (B,n=20) that participated in a randomized controlled intervention trial in Ibadan, Nigeria. A third group of non-smoking and presumed natural gas-using Chicago women (C,n=12) were included in this exploratory pilot to assess for possible differences in placenta histology between similar racial groups. All patients had uncomplicated pregnancies and delivered at term. RESULTS HBC, SK and cVD were significantly increased among firewood-/kerosene-users compared to ethanol-users and natural gas-using Chicago women (HBC medians 5.5, 3.5, and 2.0, respectively; SK means 55.6, 41.8 and 30.1; cVD means 8.8, 6.2, and 5.2; all p<0.01). HIF expression was significantly higher in Group A compared to B and C (all p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In-utero exposure to HAP is associated with pathologic changes and HIF expression consistent with chronic hypoxia in placenta of firewood/kerosene-users compared to ethanol-users with less HAP exposure and Chicago women with no presumed HAP exposure. Presence of chronic hypoxic signature in placenta of women exposed to HAP has implications for adverse pregnancy complications and future growth and development of the young children. Future larger studies need to focus on HAP exposure and placental disorders like preeclampsia and long-term health impact of in-utero exposure to HAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Dutta
- Center for Global Health, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Galina Khramtsova
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Katherine Brito
- Center for Global Health, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Donee Alexander
- Center for Global Health, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ariel Mueller
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sireesha Chinthala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Damilola Adu
- Healthy Life for All Foundation, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Abayomi Odetunde
- Institute for Medical Research and Training, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde Adigun
- Department of Family Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Liese Pruitt
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ian Hurley
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Olufunmilayo Olopade
- Center for Global Health, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Oladosu Ojengbede
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Centre for Population and Reproductive Health, College of Medicine/University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Sarosh Rana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Christopher O Olopade
- Center for Global Health, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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92
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Sharma N, Jayashree K, Nadhamuni K. Maternal history and uterine artery wave form in the prediction of early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia: A cohort study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/ijrm.16.2.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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93
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Xie F, Im T, Getahun D. A computerized algorithm to capture patient's past preeclampsia and eclampsia history from prenatal clinical notes. Health Informatics J 2018; 25:1299-1313. [PMID: 29388496 DOI: 10.1177/1460458217754243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal clinical notes in electronic medical records contain a wealth of information on pregnancy complications and outcomes. Extracting this critical information provides a unique opportunity for risk assessment to identify at-risk patients who may benefit from early monitoring and intervention. We developed and validated a rule-based computerized algorithm called PregHisEx to characterize past obstetrical history (preeclampsia/eclampsia) by mining prenatal clinical notes for women delivered in 2012 within a large healthcare maintenance organization. The algorithm successfully identified cases with past history of preeclampsia/eclampsia: 2984 definite and 479 probable cases at sentence level; 2419 definite and 348 probable cases at note level; and 762 definite and 82 probable cases at pregnancy episode level. Validation conducted on a random sample of 200 notes using PregHisEx yielded 88.0 percent sensitivity, 98.9 percent specificity, 91.7 percent positive predictive value, 98.3 percent negative predictive value, and F-score of 0.90. The high-performing PregHisEx can be applied for other prenatal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fagen Xie
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, USA
| | - Theresa Im
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, USA
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Huebner H, Knoerr B, Betzler A, Hartner A, Kehl S, Baier F, Wachter D, Strick R, Beckmann M, Fahlbusch F, Ruebner M. Detyrosinated tubulin is decreased in fetal vessels of preeclampsia placentas. Placenta 2018; 62:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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95
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McLaughlin K, Audette MC, Parker JD, Kingdom JC. Mechanisms and Clinical Significance of Endothelial Dysfunction in High-Risk Pregnancies. Can J Cardiol 2018; 34:371-380. [PMID: 29571421 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The maternal cardiovascular system undergoes critical anatomic and functional adaptations to achieve a successful pregnancy outcome which, if disrupted, can result in complications that significantly affect maternal and fetal health. Complications that involve the maternal cardiovascular system are among the most common disorders of pregnancy, including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and impaired fetal growth. As a central feature, maternal endothelial dysfunction is hypothesized to play a predominant role in mediating the pathogenesis of these high-risk pregnancies, and as such, might proceed and precipitate the clinical presentation of these pregnancy disorders. Improving or normalizing maternal endothelial function in high-risk pregnancies might be an effective therapeutic strategy to ameliorate maternal and fetal clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey McLaughlin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; The Centre for Women's and Infant's Health at the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie C Audette
- The Centre for Women's and Infant's Health at the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John D Parker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John C Kingdom
- The Centre for Women's and Infant's Health at the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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96
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Dunn L, Flatley C, Kumar S. Changes in maternal placental growth factor levels during term labour. Placenta 2018; 61:11-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Tayyar AT, Tayyar A, Kozali S, Karakus R, Karakus S, Yuksel IT, Dag I, Yildirim GY, Demirci O. Maternal cytoglobin (CYGB) serum levels in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 32:1859-1863. [PMID: 29278960 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1421927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate cytoglobin levels in women with preeclampsia and women with uncomplicated pregnancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study including 26 pregnant women complicated with early-onset preeclampsia (EO-PE) and 26 pregnant women complicated with late-onset preeclampsia (LO-PE) were recruited for the study group. Twenty-seven healthy pregnant women selected randomly were included in the control group. The serum CYGB concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Gestational age at delivery and mean birth weight were significantly lower in the preeclampsia groups than in the control group and were found to be the lowest in the EO-PE group (p < .001). Serum CYGB levels were significantly higher in the EO-PE and LO-PE groups as compared with the control group (9.99 (6.08) ng/ml (EOPE), 10.04 (7.04) ng/ml (LOPE) versus 2.84 (0.82) ng/ml), (p < .001). However, a significant difference was not found between the EO-PE and LO-PE groups regarding CYGB levels (p = 1.000). CONCLUSIONS Serum CYGB levels were significantly higher in patients with EO-PE and LO-PE as compared to healthy pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahter Tanay Tayyar
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Health Sciences University, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital , İstanbul , Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tayyar
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Health Sciences University, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Sukran Kozali
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Health Sciences University, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital , İstanbul , Turkey
| | - Resul Karakus
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Health Sciences University, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital , İstanbul , Turkey
| | - Seren Karakus
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Health Sciences University, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital , İstanbul , Turkey
| | - Ilkbal Temel Yuksel
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Health Sciences University, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ismail Dag
- c Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Eyup State Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Gonca Yetkin Yildirim
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Health Sciences University, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Oya Demirci
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Health Sciences University, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital , İstanbul , Turkey
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98
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Kwiatkowski S, Dołegowska B, Kwiatkowska E, Rzepka R, Marczuk N, Loj B, Torbè A. Maternal endothelial damage as a disorder shared by early preeclampsia, late preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. J Perinat Med 2017; 45:793-802. [PMID: 27865093 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2016-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are separate disease entities that have frequently been reported as sharing the same pathogenesis. In both of them, angiogenesis disorders and generalized endothelial damage with an accompanying inflammation are the dominant symptoms. In this study, we attempted to prove that both these processes demonstrate the same profile in early PE, late PE and IUGR patients, while the only difference is in the degree of exacerbation of the lesions. PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS In 167 patients divided into four groups, three of those with early PE, late PE and IUGR and one control group, fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), placental growth factor (PlGF), high sensitive c-reactive protein (hsCRP) and fibronectin were determined. The behavior of these parameters in each of the groups was studied, and correlations between them were sought for. RESULTS Higher concentrations of sFlt-1, hsCRP and fibronectin and a lower concentration of PlGF were found in the study groups compared to the control group. Significant correlations were observed between the factors concerned. CONCLUSIONS The higher values of disordered angiogenesis markers, endothelial damage markers and inflammatory markers both in the PE and the intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) groups suggest the existence of shared disorders in the development of these pathologies. The correlations between disordered angiogenesis markers and endothelial damage markers argue in favor of a mutual relationship between these two processes in the development of pathologies evolving as secondary to placental ischemia. The results obtained confirm that the lesion profiles are the same in both PE and IUGR patients, which can be utilized in developing common diagnostic criteria.
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99
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Sominsky L, Hodgson DM, McLaughlin EA, Smith R, Wall HM, Spencer SJ. Linking Stress and Infertility: A Novel Role for Ghrelin. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:432-467. [PMID: 28938425 DOI: 10.1210/er.2016-1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Infertility affects a remarkable one in four couples in developing countries. Psychological stress is a ubiquitous facet of life, and although stress affects us all at some point, prolonged or unmanageable stress may become harmful for some individuals, negatively impacting on their health, including fertility. For instance, women who struggle to conceive are twice as likely to suffer from emotional distress than fertile women. Assisted reproductive technology treatments place an additional physical, emotional, and financial burden of stress, particularly on women, who are often exposed to invasive techniques associated with treatment. Stress-reduction interventions can reduce negative affect and in some cases to improve in vitro fertilization outcomes. Although it has been well-established that stress negatively affects fertility in animal models, human research remains inconsistent due to individual differences and methodological flaws. Attempts to isolate single causal links between stress and infertility have not yet been successful due to their multifaceted etiologies. In this review, we will discuss the current literature in the field of stress-induced reproductive dysfunction based on animal and human models, and introduce a recently unexplored link between stress and infertility, the gut-derived hormone, ghrelin. We also present evidence from recent seminal studies demonstrating that ghrelin has a principal role in the stress response and reward processing, as well as in regulating reproductive function, and that these roles are tightly interlinked. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that stress may negatively impact upon fertility at least in part by stimulating a dysregulation in ghrelin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luba Sominsky
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Deborah M Hodgson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science and IT, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Eileen A McLaughlin
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.,School of Environmental & Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and IT, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Roger Smith
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lookout Road, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales 2305, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Hannah M Wall
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Sarah J Spencer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3083, Australia
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100
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Nanjo S, Minami S, Mizoguchi M, Yamamoto M, Yahata T, Toujima S, Shiro M, Kobayashi A, Muragaki Y, Ino K. Levels of serum-circulating angiogenic factors within 1 week prior to delivery are closely related to conditions of pregnant women with pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, and/or fetal growth restriction. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2017; 43:1805-1814. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sakiko Nanjo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama Japan
| | - Sawako Minami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama Japan
| | - Mika Mizoguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama Japan
| | - Madoka Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama Japan
| | - Tamaki Yahata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama Japan
| | - Saori Toujima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama Japan
| | - Michihisa Shiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama Japan
| | - Aya Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama Japan
| | - Yasuteru Muragaki
- Department of Pathology; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama Japan
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