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Shetty R, Jayadev C, Chabra A, Maheshwari S, D'Souza S, Khamar P, Sethu S, Honavar SG. Sanitizer aerosol-driven ocular surface disease (SADOSD)-A COVID-19 repercussion? Indian J Ophthalmol 2020; 68:981-983. [PMID: 32461409 PMCID: PMC7508141 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1308_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an advisory for regular and thorough cleaning of hands besides other measures such as social distancing and self-isolation. The rationale for the same is to prevent the transfer of the virus from hands that have come in contact with fomites. While both alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHR) or washing with soap and water are claimed to have been effective, hand sanitizers have gained more popularity due to the ease of use. The increased frequency of ABHR use and the aerosols generated pose a potential threat to the skin and exposed mucosal surfaces, especially that of the eye due to the proximity of use. The adverse effects of alcohol in these sanitizers can be manifold. An allergic or inflammatory response can occur depending on the predisposing or preexisting conditions. This article describes the risks, underlying mechanisms, and preventive measures for sanitizer aerosol-driven ocular surface disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Shetty
- Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, 121/C, Chord Road, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Chaitra Jayadev
- Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, 121/C, Chord Road, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Aishwarya Chabra
- Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, 121/C, Chord Road, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sonia Maheshwari
- Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, 121/C, Chord Road, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharon D'Souza
- Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, 121/C, Chord Road, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pooja Khamar
- Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, 121/C, Chord Road, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethu
- Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, 121/C, Chord Road, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Santosh G Honavar
- Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, 121/C, Chord Road, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Seo SH, Kim S, Kim SE, Chung S, Lee SE. Enhanced Thermal Sensitivity of TRPV3 in Keratinocytes Underlies Heat-Induced Pruritogen Release and Pruritus in Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2199-2209.e6. [PMID: 32247859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Itch in atopic dermatitis (AD) is aggravated under warm conditions. Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) 3, a member of the thermosensitive transient receptor potential channels, is activated by innocuous heat and is abundantly expressed in keratinocytes. The potential role of TRPV3 in itch is illustrated in TRPV3 channelopathies of humans and mice. However, the role of TRPV3 in heat-induced itch in AD and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here we showed that keratinocytes isolated from patients with AD exhibit enhanced expression and heat sensitivity with hyperactive channel function of TRPV3. Heat stimulus induced enhanced secretion of thymic stromal lymphopoietin, nerve growth factor, and prostaglandin E2 by keratinocytes from patients with AD through TRPV3 activation. TRPV3 agonists increased thymic stromal lymphopoietin, nerve growth factor, prostaglandin E2, and IL-33 production in human keratinocytes and induced scratching behavior upon intradermal injection in mice. TRPV3 was upregulated in the skin of MC903-induced AD mouse model. Heat stimulation to MC903-treated mice increased scratching behavior and produced higher levels of thymic stromal lymphopoietin, nerve growth factor, prostaglandin E2, and IL-33 from the epidermis, which were attenuated by pharmacologic inhibition of TRPV3. Moreover, neutralization of thymic stromal lymphopoietin reduced heat-evoked scratching in MC903-challenged mice. These results suggest that TRPV3 is a potential therapeutic target for heat-induced itch in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hoon Seo
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sohyun Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song-Ee Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungsoo Chung
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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53
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Hashimoto T, Kursewicz CD, Fayne RA, Nanda S, Shah SM, Nattkemper L, Yokozeki H, Yosipovitch G. Mechanisms of Itch in Stasis Dermatitis: Significant Role of IL-31 from Macrophages. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:850-859.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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54
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Zhao J, Munanairi A, Liu XY, Zhang J, Hu L, Hu M, Bu D, Liu L, Xie Z, Kim BS, Yang Y, Chen ZF. PAR2 Mediates Itch via TRPV3 Signaling in Keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:1524-1532. [PMID: 32004565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Animal studies have suggested that transient receptor potential ion channels and G-protein coupled receptors play important roles in itch transmission. TRPV3 gain-of-function mutations have been identified in patients with Olmsted syndrome, which is associated with severe pruritus. However, the mechanisms causing itch remain poorly understood. Here, we show that keratinocytes lacking TRPV3 impair the function of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), resulting in reduced neuronal activation and scratching behavior in response to PAR2 agonists. Moreover, we show that TRPV3 and PAR2 were upregulated in skin biopsies from patients and mice with atopic dermatitis, whereas their inhibition attenuated scratching and inflammatory responses in mouse atopic dermatitis models. These results reveal a previously unrecognized link between TRPV3 and PAR2 in keratinocytes to convey itch information and suggest that a blockade of PAR2 or TRPV3 individually or both may serve as a potential approach for antipruritic therapy in atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Disease, Beijing, China; Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Admire Munanairi
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA; Current Address: Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Xian-Yu Liu
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Linghan Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Disease, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meiqin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardio-metabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dingfang Bu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Brian S Kim
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA; Department of Dermatology(,) Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Disease, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China; Current Address: Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhou-Feng Chen
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA.
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Potenzieri A, Riva B, Genazzani AA. Unexpected Ca 2+-mobilization of oxaliplatin via H1 histamine receptors. Cell Calcium 2019; 86:102128. [PMID: 31841953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug and represents the cornerstone of colorectal cancer therapy, in combination with 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid. As with many chemotherapeutic agents, its use is associated with a number of side effects, ranging from hypersensitivity reactions to haematological dyscrasias. Oxaliplatin also induces acute and chronic peripheral neuropathy. While it is likely that the haematological side effects are associated with its anti-proliferative effects and with the ability to form DNA adducts, the molecular mechanisms underlying peripheral neuropathy and hypersensitivity reactions are poorly understood, and therefore the choice of adequate supportive therapies is largely empirical. Here we show that an acute low dose oxaliplatin application on DRG neurons is able to induce an increase in intracellular calcium that is dependent on the Histamine 1 receptor (H1). Oxaliplatin-induced intracellular calcium rises are blocked by two selective H1 antagonist, as well as by U73122, a PLC inhibitor, and by 2-APB, a non-specific IP3 receptor blocker. Moreover, expression of the H1 receptor on HEK293 t cells unmasks an oxaliplatin-induced Ca2+-rise. Last, activation of H1 via either histamine or oxaliplatin activates TRPV1 receptors, a mechanism that has been associated with itch. These data, together with literature data that has shown that anti-histamine agents reduce the incidence of oxaliplatin-induced hypersensitivity, may provide a molecular mechanism of this side effect in oncological patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Potenzieri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università Del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - B Riva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università Del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - A A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università Del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, I-28100 Novara, Italy.
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Talavera K, Startek JB, Alvarez-Collazo J, Boonen B, Alpizar YA, Sanchez A, Naert R, Nilius B. Mammalian Transient Receptor Potential TRPA1 Channels: From Structure to Disease. Physiol Rev 2019; 100:725-803. [PMID: 31670612 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential ankyrin (TRPA) channels are Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channels remarkably conserved through the animal kingdom. Mammals have only one member, TRPA1, which is widely expressed in sensory neurons and in non-neuronal cells (such as epithelial cells and hair cells). TRPA1 owes its name to the presence of 14 ankyrin repeats located in the NH2 terminus of the channel, an unusual structural feature that may be relevant to its interactions with intracellular components. TRPA1 is primarily involved in the detection of an extremely wide variety of exogenous stimuli that may produce cellular damage. This includes a plethora of electrophilic compounds that interact with nucleophilic amino acid residues in the channel and many other chemically unrelated compounds whose only common feature seems to be their ability to partition in the plasma membrane. TRPA1 has been reported to be activated by cold, heat, and mechanical stimuli, and its function is modulated by multiple factors, including Ca2+, trace metals, pH, and reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and carbonyl species. TRPA1 is involved in acute and chronic pain as well as inflammation, plays key roles in the pathophysiology of nearly all organ systems, and is an attractive target for the treatment of related diseases. Here we review the current knowledge about the mammalian TRPA1 channel, linking its unique structure, widely tuned sensory properties, and complex regulation to its roles in multiple pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Talavera
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Justyna B Startek
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julio Alvarez-Collazo
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brett Boonen
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yeranddy A Alpizar
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alicia Sanchez
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robbe Naert
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernd Nilius
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
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Yosipovitch G, Rosen JD, Hashimoto T. Itch: From mechanism to (novel) therapeutic approaches. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 142:1375-1390. [PMID: 30409247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Itch is a common sensory experience that is prevalent in patients with inflammatory skin diseases, as well as in those with systemic and neuropathic conditions. In patients with these conditions, itch is often severe and significantly affects quality of life. Itch is encoded by 2 major neuronal pathways: histaminergic (in acute itch) and nonhistaminergic (in chronic itch). In the majority of cases, crosstalk existing between keratinocytes, the immune system, and nonhistaminergic sensory nerves is responsible for the pathophysiology of chronic itch. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the molecular, neural, and immune mechanisms of itch: beginning in the skin, proceeding to the spinal cord, and eventually ascending to the brain, where itch is processed. A growing understanding of the mechanisms of chronic itch is expanding, as is our pipeline of more targeted topical and systemic therapies. Our therapeutic armamentarium for treating chronic itch has expanded in the last 5 years, with developments of topical and systemic treatments targeting the neural and immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Yosipovitch
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery and Miami Itch Center Miller School of Medicine University of Miami, Miami, Fla.
| | - Jordan Daniel Rosen
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery and Miami Itch Center Miller School of Medicine University of Miami, Miami, Fla
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery and Miami Itch Center Miller School of Medicine University of Miami, Miami, Fla
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58
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Pathophysiologic mechanisms of itch in bullous pemphigoid. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 83:53-62. [PMID: 31351883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the hallmarks of bullous pemphigoid (BP) is moderate to severe chronic itch. Managing this is difficult because little is known about the mechanisms of itch in BP. OBJECTIVE We sought to elucidate the pathophysiologic mechanisms of itch in BP. METHODS The expression of itch mediators in lesions of 24 patients with BP and 6 healthy individuals were examined through immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, the expression of itch mediators and itch severity was correlated. RESULTS Itch severity was correlated with eosinophils, substance P, neurokinin 1R, interleukin (IL) 31 receptor A, oncostatin M receptor-β, IL-13, periostin, and basophils. There was also a trend between itch severity and IL-31 expression. Most of the cells expressing IL-31 or neurokinin 1R were identified as eosinophils. Intraepidermal nerve fiber density was decreased. Other itch mediators, including mast cells, IL-4, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and ankyrin 1, and protease activated receptor 2 were not significantly correlated with itch severity. LIMITATIONS The relatively small sample size, the examination of protein expression exclusively through immunofluorescent analysis, and lack of functional assays in patients are the limitations. CONCLUSIONS Multiple factors are involved in BP-associated itch, including eosinophils, substance P, neurokinin 1R, IL-31, IL-31 receptor A, oncostatin M receptor-β, IL-13, periostin, and basophils. They could be useful therapeutic targets.
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59
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Pithadia DJ, Reynolds KA, Lee EB, Wu JJ. Psoriasis-associated itch: etiology, assessment, impact, and management. J DERMATOL TREAT 2019; 31:18-26. [DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2019.1572865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erica B. Lee
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jashin J. Wu
- Dermatology Research and Education Foundation, Irvine, CA, USA
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Water-Soluble Extract from Actinidia arguta (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq. and Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, ACTPER, Ameliorates a Dry Skin-Induced Itch in a Mice Model and Promotes Filaggrin Expression by Activating the AhR Signaling in HaCaT Cells. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061366. [PMID: 31216667 PMCID: PMC6627490 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
With a complex etiology involving multiple factors, the condition known as itch is a primary symptom of many skin diseases. Current treatment methods are ineffective for addressing itches caused by dry skin, for example. We developed a botanical extract, ACTPER, made from a mixture of Actinidia arguta and Perilla frutescens, which have traditionally been used to treat itch. The quality of ACTPER as a research agent was controlled in our experiment by cell-based bioassays, as well as by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), using two chemical markers. In the acetone-induced dry skin mice model, the oral administration of ACTPER alleviated dry skin-related skin properties and itching behavior. The RNA and protein expression of the filament aggregating protein (filaggrin) gene, a key factor involved in the regulation of skin barrier function, was significantly increased, as measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence assay. To understand the underlying mechanism(s) at the molecular level, HaCaT cells, a human keratinocyte-derived cell line, were treated with various concentrations of ACTPER. We found that the protein expression of filaggrin was indeed upregulated by ACTPER in a dose dependent manner. Data from experiments involving the reporter plasmid containing the xenobiotic response element (XRE), and the chemical antagonist for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), indicated that the ACTPER-mediated upregulation of filaggrin was controlled through the activation of the AhR signaling pathway. The molecular docking simulation study predicted that ACTPER might contain chemical compounds that bind directly to AhR. Taken together, our results suggest that ACTPER may provide the platform, based upon which a variety of safe and effective therapeutic agents can be developed to treat itch.
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61
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Tsagareli MG, Nozadze I, Tsiklauri N, Gurtskaia G. TRPA1 Channel is Involved in SLIGRL-Evoked Thermal and Mechanical Hyperalgesia in Mice. Med Sci (Basel) 2019; 7:E62. [PMID: 31003539 PMCID: PMC6524052 DOI: 10.3390/medsci7040062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent itch (pruritus) accompanying dermatologic and systemic diseases can significantly impair the quality of life. It is well known that itch is broadly categorized as histaminergic (sensitive to antihistamine medications) or non-histaminergic. Sensory neurons expressing Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptors (Mrgprs) mediate histamine-independent itch. These receptors have been shown to bind selective pruritogens in the periphery and mediate non-histaminergic itch. For example, mouse MrgprA3 responds to chloroquine (an anti-malarial drug), and are responsible for relaying chloroquine-induced scratching in mice. Mouse MrgprC11 responds to a different subset of pruritogens including bovine adrenal medulla peptide (BAM8-22) and the peptide Ser-Leu-Ile-Gly-Arg-Leu (SLIGRL). On the other hand, the possibility that itch mediators also influence pain is supported by recent findings that most non-histaminergic itch mediators require the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel. We have recently found a significant increase of thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia induced by non-histaminergic pruritogens chloroquine and BAM8-22, injected into mice hindpaw, for the first 30-45 min. Pretreatment with TRPA1 channel antagonist HC-030031 did significantly reduce the magnitude of this hyperalgesia, as well as significantly shortened the time-course of hyperalgesia induced by chloroquine and BAM8-22. Here, we report that MrgprC11-mediated itch by their agonist SLIGRL is accompanied by heat and mechanical hyperalgesia via the TRPA1 channel. We measured nociceptive thermal paw withdrawal latencies and mechanical thresholds bilaterally in mice at various time points following intra-plantar injection of SLIGRL producing hyperalgesia. When pretreated with the TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031, we found a significant reduction of thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merab G Tsagareli
- Laboratory of Pain and Analgesia, Beritashvili Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia.
| | - Ivliane Nozadze
- Laboratory of Pain and Analgesia, Beritashvili Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia.
| | - Nana Tsiklauri
- Laboratory of Pain and Analgesia, Beritashvili Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia.
| | - Gulnaz Gurtskaia
- Laboratory of Pain and Analgesia, Beritashvili Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia.
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62
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Gong X, Xiong H, Liu S, Liu Y, Yin L, Tu C, Wang H, Zhao Z, Chen W, Mei Z. Qingpeng Ointment Ameliorates Inflammatory Responses and Dysregulation of Itch-Related Molecules for Its Antipruritic Effects in Experimental Allergic Contact Dermatitis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:354. [PMID: 31024317 PMCID: PMC6465648 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of itchy skin diseases including allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is complicated and the treatment of chronic itch is a worldwide problem. One traditional Tibetan medicine, Qingpeng ointment (QP), has been used in treatment of ACD in China for years. In this study we used HPLC and LC/MS analysis, combined with a BATMAN-TCM platform, for detailed HPLC fingerprint analysis and network pharmacology of QP, and investigated the anti-inflammatory and antipruritic activities of QP on ACD induced by squaric acid dibutylester (SADBE) in mice. The BATMAN-TCM analysis provided information of effector molecules of the main ingredients of QP, and possible chronic dermatitis-associated molecules and cell signaling pathways by QP. In ACD mice, QP treatment suppressed the scratching behavior induced by SADBE in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited the production of Th1/2 cytokines in serum and spleen. Also, QP treatment reversed the upregulation of mRNAs levels of itch-related genes in the skin (TRPV4, TSLP, GRP, and MrgprA3) and DRGs (TRPV1, TRPA1, GRP, and MrgprA3). Furthermore, QP suppressed the phosphorylation of Erk and p38 in the skin. In all, our work indicated that QP can significantly attenuate the pathological alterations of Th1/2 cytokines and itch-related mediators, and inhibit the phosphorylation of MAPKs to treat the chronic itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Sisi Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuyue Tu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongqiu Zhao
- Center for the Study of Itch, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Weiwu Chen
- Qizheng Tibetan Medicine Co., Ltd., Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhinan Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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63
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Psychophysical and vasomotor evidence for interdependency of TRPA1 and TRPV1-evoked nociceptive responses in human skin: an experimental study. Pain 2019; 159:1989-2001. [PMID: 29847470 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The TRPA1 and TRPV1 receptors are important pharmaceutical targets for antipruritic and analgesic therapy. Obtaining further knowledge on their roles and interrelationship in humans is therefore crucial. Preclinical results are contradictory concerning coexpression and functional interdependency of TRPV1 and TRPA1, but no human evidence exists. This human experimental study investigated whether functional responses from the subpopulation of TRPA1 nociceptors could be evoked after defunctionalization of TRPV1 nociceptors by cutaneous application of high-concentration capsaicin. Two quadratic areas on each forearm were randomized to pretreatment with an 8% topical capsaicin patch or vehicle for 24 hours. Subsequently, areas were provoked by transdermal 1% topical capsaicin (TRPV1 agonist) or 10% topical allyl isothiocyanate ("AITC," a TRPA1 agonist), delivered by 12 mm Finn chambers. Evoked pain intensities were recorded during pretreatments and chemical provocations. Quantitative sensory tests were performed before and after provocations to assess changes of heat pain sensitivity. Imaging of vasomotor responses was used to assess neurogenic inflammation after the chemical provocations. In the capsaicin-pretreated areas, both the subsequent 1% capsaicin- and 10% AITC-provoked pain was inhibited by 92.9 ± 2.5% and 86.9 ± 5.0% (both: P < 0.001), respectively. The capsaicin-ablated skin areas showed significant heat hypoalgesia at baseline (P < 0.001) as well as heat antihyperalgesia, and inhibition of neurogenic inflammation evoked by both 1% capsaicin and 10% AITC provocations (both: P < 0.001). Ablation of cutaneous capsaicin-sensitive afferents caused consistent and equal inhibition of both TRPV1- and TRPA1-provoked responses assessed psychophysically and by imaging of vasomotor responses. This study suggests that TRPA1 nociceptive responses in human skin strongly depend on intact capsaicin-sensitive, TRPV1 fibers.
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Sensory nerve supports epithelial stem cell function in healing of corneal epithelium in mice: the role of trigeminal nerve transient receptor potential vanilloid 4. J Transl Med 2019; 99:210-230. [PMID: 30413814 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to understand the pathobiology of neurotrophic keratopathy, we established a mouse model by coagulating the first branch of the trigeminal nerve (V1 nerve). In our model, the sensory nerve in the central cornea disappeared and remaining fibers were sparse in the peripheral limbal region. Impaired corneal epithelial healing in the mouse model was associated with suppression of both cell proliferation and expression of stem cell markers in peripheral/limbal epithelium as well as a reduction of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) expression in tissue. TRPV4 gene knockout also suppressed epithelial repair in mouse cornea, although it did not seem to directly modulate migration of epithelium. In a co-culture experiment, TRPV4-introduced KO trigeminal ganglion upregulated nerve growth factor (NGF) in cultured corneal epithelial cells, but ganglion with a control vector did not. TRPV4 gene introduction into a damaged V1 nerve rescues the impairment of epithelial healing in association with partial recovery of the stem/progenitor cell markers and upregulation of cell proliferation and of NGF expression in the peripheral/limbal epithelium. Gene transfer of TRPV4 did not accelerate the regeneration of nerve fibers. Sensory nerve TRPV4 is critical to maintain stemness of peripheral/limbal basal cells, and is one of the major mechanisms of homeostasis maintenance of corneal epithelium.
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Nunomura S, Ejiri N, Kitajima M, Nanri Y, Arima K, Mitamura Y, Yoshihara T, Fujii K, Takao K, Imura J, Fehling HJ, Izuhara K, Kitajima I. Establishment of a Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis by Deleting Ikk2 in Dermal Fibroblasts. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1274-1283. [PMID: 30670308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with persistent pruritus. To clarify its molecular mechanism, it is important to establish a mouse model similar to the phenotypes of atopic dermatitis patients, particularly in exhibiting scratching behavior. Ikk2, a component of the IκB kinase complex, exerts pro-inflammatory responses, whereas its deficiency in keratinocytes paradoxically causes skin inflammation. In this study, we sought to generate a mouse model exhibiting skin inflammation by which dermal fibroblasts lack Ikk2 expression and evaluate whether cutaneous inflammatory phenotypes are similar to those of atopic dermatitis patients. To generate Ikk2-deficient mice (Nestincre;Ikk2FL/FL) in which Ikk2 is deleted in dermal fibroblasts, we crossed female Ikk2FL/FL mice to male Nestincre;Ikk2FL/+mice. These mice spontaneously developed skin inflammation limited to the face, with the appearance of Ikk2-deficient fibroblasts in the facial skin. These mice showed phenotypes similar to those of atopic dermatitis patients, including scratching behaviors, which are resistant to immunosuppressive or molecularly targeted drugs. These findings suggest that the Nestincre;Ikk2FL/FL mouse is an atopic dermatitis model that will be useful in clarifying atopic dermatitis pathogenesis and in developing a novel therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nunomura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan.
| | - Naoko Ejiri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Midori Kitajima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nanri
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Arima
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Mitamura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Tomohito Yoshihara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Kazuki Fujii
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Department of Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Keizo Takao
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Department of Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Johji Imura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Isao Kitajima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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Topical treatment with a transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonist reduced nociception and inflammation in a thermal lesion model in rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 125:28-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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67
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TRP Channels as Drug Targets to Relieve Itch. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11040100. [PMID: 30301231 PMCID: PMC6316386 DOI: 10.3390/ph11040100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although acute itch has a protective role by removing irritants to avoid further damage, chronic itch is debilitating, significantly impacting quality of life. Over the past two decades, a considerable amount of stimulating research has been carried out to delineate mechanisms of itch at the molecular, cellular, and circuit levels. There is growing evidence that transient receptor potential (TRP) channels play important roles in itch signaling. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current knowledge about the role of TRP channels in the generation of itch under both physiological and pathological conditions, thereby identifying them as potential drug targets for effective anti-itch therapies.
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68
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Sun XY, Sun LL, Qi H, Gao Q, Wang GX, Wei NN, Wang K. Antipruritic Effect of Natural Coumarin Osthole through Selective Inhibition of Thermosensitive TRPV3 Channel in the Skin. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 94:1164-1173. [PMID: 30108138 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.112466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coumarin osthole is a dominant bioactive ingredient of the natural Cnidium monnieri plant commonly used for traditional Chinese herbal medicines for therapies and treatments including antipruritus and antidermatitis. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the action of osthole remains unclear. In this study, we report that osthole exerts an antipruritic effect through selective inhibition of Ca2+-permeable and thermosensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) cation channels that are primarily expressed in the keratinocytes of the skin. Coumarin osthole was identified as an inhibitor of TRPV3 channels transiently expressed in HEK293 cells in a calcium fluorescent assay. Inhibition of the TRPV3 current by osthole and its selectivity were further confirmed by whole-cell patch clamp recordings of TRPV3-expressing HEK293 cells and mouse primary cultured keratinocytes. Behavioral evaluation demonstrated that inhibition of TRPV3 by osthole or silencing by knockout of the TRPV3 gene significantly reduced the scratching induced by either acetone-ether-water or histamine in localized rostral neck skin in mice. Taken together, our findings provide a molecular basis for use of natural coumarin osthole from the C. monnieri plant in antipruritic or skin care therapy, thus establishing a significant role of the TRPV3 channel in chronic itch signaling or acute histamine-dependent itch sensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, China
| | - Li-Lan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, China
| | - Hang Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, China
| | - Qin Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, China
| | - Gong-Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning-Ning Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, China
| | - KeWei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, China
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69
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Steinritz D, Stenger B, Dietrich A, Gudermann T, Popp T. TRPs in Tox: Involvement of Transient Receptor Potential-Channels in Chemical-Induced Organ Toxicity-A Structured Review. Cells 2018; 7:cells7080098. [PMID: 30087301 PMCID: PMC6115949 DOI: 10.3390/cells7080098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemicals can exhibit significant toxic properties. While for most compounds, unspecific cell damaging processes are assumed, a plethora of chemicals exhibit characteristic odors, suggesting a more specific interaction with the human body. During the last few years, G-protein-coupled receptors and especially chemosensory ion channels of the transient receptor potential family (TRP channels) were identified as defined targets for several chemicals. In some cases, TRP channels were suggested as being causal for toxicity. Therefore, these channels have moved into the spotlight of toxicological research. In this review, we screened available literature in PubMed that deals with the role of chemical-sensing TRP channels in specific organ systems. TRPA1, TRPM and TRPV channels were identified as essential chemosensors in the nervous system, the upper and lower airways, colon, pancreas, bladder, skin, the cardiovascular system, and the eyes. Regarding TRP channel subtypes, A1, M8, and V1 were found most frequently associated with toxicity. They are followed by V4, while other TRP channels (C1, C4, M5) are only less abundantly expressed in this context. Moreover, TRPA1, M8, V1 are co-expressed in most organs. This review summarizes organ-specific toxicological roles of TRP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Steinritz
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 80937 Munich, Germany.
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Stenger
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 80937 Munich, Germany.
| | - Alexander Dietrich
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Tanja Popp
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 80937 Munich, Germany.
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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70
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Slominski AT, Zmijewski MA, Plonka PM, Szaflarski JP, Paus R. How UV Light Touches the Brain and Endocrine System Through Skin, and Why. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1992-2007. [PMID: 29546369 PMCID: PMC5905393 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The skin, a self-regulating protective barrier organ, is empowered with sensory and computing capabilities to counteract the environmental stressors to maintain and restore disrupted cutaneous homeostasis. These complex functions are coordinated by a cutaneous neuro-endocrine system that also communicates in a bidirectional fashion with the central nervous, endocrine, and immune systems, all acting in concert to control body homeostasis. Although UV energy has played an important role in the origin and evolution of life, UV absorption by the skin not only triggers mechanisms that defend skin integrity and regulate global homeostasis but also induces skin pathology (e.g., cancer, aging, autoimmune responses). These effects are secondary to the transduction of UV electromagnetic energy into chemical, hormonal, and neural signals, defined by the nature of the chromophores and tissue compartments receiving specific UV wavelength. UV radiation can upregulate local neuroendocrine axes, with UVB being markedly more efficient than UVA. The locally induced cytokines, corticotropin-releasing hormone, urocortins, proopiomelanocortin-peptides, enkephalins, or others can be released into circulation to exert systemic effects, including activation of the central hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, opioidogenic effects, and immunosuppression, independent of vitamin D synthesis. Similar effects are seen after exposure of the eyes and skin to UV, through which UVB activates hypothalamic paraventricular and arcuate nuclei and exerts very rapid stimulatory effects on the brain. Thus, UV touches the brain and central neuroendocrine system to reset body homeostasis. This invites multiple therapeutic applications of UV radiation, for example, in the management of autoimmune and mood disorders, addiction, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
- Correspondence: Andrzej T. Slominski, MD, PhD, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294. E-mail:
| | | | - Przemyslaw M Plonka
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy P Szaflarski
- Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology and the UAB Epilepsy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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71
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Pereira M, Lüling H, Dieckhöfer A, Steinke S, Zeidler C, Agelopoulos K, Ständer S. Application of an 8% capsaicin patch normalizes epidermal TRPV1 expression but not the decreased intraepidermal nerve fibre density in patients with brachioradial pruritus. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:1535-1541. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.P. Pereira
- Department of Dermatology and Center for Chronic Pruritus; University Hospital Münster; Münster Germany
| | - H. Lüling
- Department of Dermatology and Center for Chronic Pruritus; University Hospital Münster; Münster Germany
| | - A. Dieckhöfer
- Department of Dermatology and Center for Chronic Pruritus; University Hospital Münster; Münster Germany
| | - S. Steinke
- Department of Dermatology and Center for Chronic Pruritus; University Hospital Münster; Münster Germany
| | - C. Zeidler
- Department of Dermatology and Center for Chronic Pruritus; University Hospital Münster; Münster Germany
| | - K. Agelopoulos
- Department of Dermatology and Center for Chronic Pruritus; University Hospital Münster; Münster Germany
| | - S. Ständer
- Department of Dermatology and Center for Chronic Pruritus; University Hospital Münster; Münster Germany
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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates acute and chronic psoriatic itch in mice: Involvement of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects and suppression of ERK and Akt signaling pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:1062-1068. [PMID: 29402411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic itch is a distressing symptom of many skin diseases and negatively impacts quality of life. However, there is no medication for most forms of chronic itch, although antihistamines are often used for anti-itch treatment. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major green tea polyphenol, exhibits anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Our previous studies highlighted a key role of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines in acute and chronic itch. Here, we evaluated the effects of green tea polyphenon 60 and EGCG on acute and chronic itch in mouse models and explored its potential mechanisms. The effects of EGCG were determined by behavioral tests in mouse models of acute and chronic itch, which were induced by compound 48/80, chloroquine (CQ), and 5% imiquimod cream treatment, respectively. We found that systemic or local administration of green tea polyphenon 60 or EGCG significantly alleviated compound 48/80- and chloroquine-induced acute itch in a dose-dependent manner in mice. Incubation of EGCG significantly decreased the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly induced by compound 48/80 and CQ in cultured ND7-23 cells, a dorsal root ganglia derived cell line. EGCG also attenuated imiquimod-induced chronic psoriatic itch behaviors and skin epidermal hyperplasia in mice. In addition, EGCG inhibited the expression of IL-23 mRNA in skin and TRPV1 mRNA in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Finally, EGCG remarkably inhibited compound 48/80-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and imiquimod-induced p-AKT in the spinal cord of mice, respectively. Collectively, these results indicated EGCG could be a promising strategy for anti-itch therapy.
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73
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Rostock C, Schrenk-Siemens K, Pohle J, Siemens J. Human vs. Mouse Nociceptors - Similarities and Differences. Neuroscience 2017; 387:13-27. [PMID: 29229553 PMCID: PMC6150929 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The somatosensory system allows us to detect a diverse range of physical and chemical stimuli including noxious ones, which can initiate protective reflexes to prevent tissue damage. However, the sensation of pain can - under pathological circumstances - outlive its usefulness and perpetrate ongoing suffering. Rodent model systems have been tremendously useful to help understand basic mechanisms of pain perception. Unfortunately, the translation of this knowledge into novel therapies has been challenging. We have investigated similarities and differences of human and mouse peptidergic (TRKA expressing) nociceptors using dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization of dorsal root ganglia. By comparing the transcripts of a selected group of well-established nociceptive markers, we observed significant differences for some of them. We found co-expression of Trpv1, a key player for sensitization and inflammatory pain, with TrkA in a larger population in humans compared to mice. Similar results could be obtained for Nav1.8 and Nav1.9, two voltage gated sodium channels implicated in pathological forms of pain. Additionally, co-expression of Ret and TrkA was also found to be more abundant in human neurons. Moreover, the neurofilament heavy polypeptide was detected in all human sensory DRG neurons compared to a more selective expression pattern observed in rodents. To our knowledge, this is the first time that such detailed comparative analysis has been performed and we believe that our findings will direct future experimentation geared to understand the difficulties we face in translating findings from rodent models to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Rostock
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Schrenk-Siemens
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Pohle
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Siemens
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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74
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Shetty R, Sureka S, Kusumgar P, Sethu S, Sainani K. Allergen-specific exposure associated with high immunoglobulin E and eye rubbing predisposes to progression of keratoconus. Indian J Ophthalmol 2017; 65:399-402. [PMID: 28573997 PMCID: PMC5565884 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_217_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We report two male children with persistent allergic eye disease (AED) and keratoconus (KC). Both presented with symptoms of vernal keratoconjunctivitis and decreased vision. In view of unrelenting AED, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) quantification and identification of specific allergens were advised. Increased serum IgE levels were observed in both cases. Sunflower and sheep wool were identified as specific allergens for the first and second patient respectively by skin patch test. There was complete resolution of symptoms of AED in both patients following avoidance of causative allergens. However, the progression of KC in both eyes of the first patient and one eye of the second patient was observed. They were advised collagen cross-linking. Elevated serum IgE indicates the presence of systemic allergy. Avoiding implicated allergens help alleviate ocular symptoms. Using serum IgE and identifying specific allergen can guide in the treatment of AED and thus prevent progressive KC due to eye rubbing and resulting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Shetty
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shraddha Sureka
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pallak Kusumgar
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethu
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kanchan Sainani
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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75
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Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel as a target of crotamiton and its bimodal effects. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1313-1323. [PMID: 28612138 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-1998-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The sensation of itching can be defined as "an unpleasant cutaneous sensation that provokes a desire to scratch." The perception of itching is not critical for the maintenance of life, but persistent itching can be extremely irritating and decreases the quality of life. Crotamiton (N-ethyl-o-crotonotoluidide) has been used as an anti-itch agent for humans for around 70 years. In spite of the long use of crotamiton, its mechanism of action remains unknown. We hypothesized that crotamiton might have effects on transient receptor potential (TRP) channels expressed in the peripheral nervous system and the skin. We first examined the effects of crotamiton on TRP channels by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. We found that crotamiton strongly inhibited TRPV (vanilloid) 4 channels followed by large currents after crotamiton washout. In mice, crotamiton inhibited itch-related behaviors induced by a TRPV4-selective agonist (GSK1016790A). We biophysically investigated the large TRPV4 currents after crotamiton washout. Comparing single-channel open probabilities and current amplitudes of TRPV4, increases in both parameters were found to contribute to the large washout currents of TRPV4. Because the change in current amplitudes suggested pore dilation of TRPV4, we examined this possibility with cation replacement experiments and by measuring changes in reversal potentials. Greater cation influxes and changes in reversal potentials upon crotamiton washout were observed, suggesting that the TRPV4 pore dilated in its uninhibited state. From these results, we identified the molecular target of crotamiton as TRPV4 and demonstrated pore dilation of TRPV4 upon crotamiton washout.
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76
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Gamper
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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77
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Katayama I, Izuhara K. Itch: Its perception and involvement in allergy. Allergol Int 2017; 66:1-2. [PMID: 28081841 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Katayama
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan.
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