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Chen M, Hernandez-Prieto MA, Loughlin PC, Li Y, Willows RD. Genome and proteome of the chlorophyll f-producing cyanobacterium Halomicronema hongdechloris: adaptative proteomic shifts under different light conditions. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:207. [PMID: 30866821 PMCID: PMC6416890 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Halomicronema hongdechloris was the first cyanobacterium to be identified that produces chlorophyll (Chl) f. It contains Chl a and uses phycobiliproteins as its major light-harvesting components under white light conditions. However, under far-red light conditions H. hongdechloris produces Chl f and red-shifted phycobiliprotein complexes to absorb and use far-red light. In this study, we report the genomic sequence of H. hongdechloris and use quantitative proteomic approaches to confirm the deduced metabolic pathways as well as metabolic and photosynthetic changes in response to different photo-autotrophic conditions. Results The whole genome of H. hongdechloris was sequenced using three different technologies and assembled into a single circular scaffold with a genome size of 5,577,845 bp. The assembled genome has 54.6% GC content and encodes 5273 proteins covering 83.5% of the DNA sequence. Using Tandem Mass Tag labelling, the total proteome of H. hongdechloris grown under different light conditions was analyzed. A total of 1816 proteins were identified, with photosynthetic proteins accounting for 24% of the total mass spectral readings, of which 35% are phycobiliproteins. The proteomic data showed that essential cellular metabolic reactions remain unchanged under shifted light conditions. The largest differences in protein content between white and far-red light conditions reflect the changes to photosynthetic complexes, shifting from a standard phycobilisome and Chl a-based light harvesting system under white light, to modified, red-shifted phycobilisomes and Chl f-containing photosystems under far-red light conditions. Conclusion We demonstrate that essential cellular metabolic reactions under different light conditions remain constant, including most of the enzymes in chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthetic carbon fixation. The changed light conditions cause significant changes in the make-up of photosynthetic protein complexes to improve photosynthetic light capture and reaction efficiencies. The integration of the global proteome with the genome sequence highlights that cyanobacterial adaptation strategies are focused on optimizing light capture and utilization, with minimal changes in other metabolic pathways. Our quantitative proteomic approach has enabled a deeper understanding of both the stability and the flexibility of cellular metabolic networks of H. hongdechloris in response to changes in its environment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5587-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | | | - Patrick C Loughlin
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Yaqiong Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Robert D Willows
- Department of Molecular Sciences Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
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Schmitt FJ, Campbell ZY, Bui MV, Hüls A, Tomo T, Chen M, Maksimov EG, Allakhverdiev SI, Friedrich T. Photosynthesis supported by a chlorophyll f-dependent, entropy-driven uphill energy transfer in Halomicronema hongdechloris cells adapted to far-red light. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 139:185-201. [PMID: 30039357 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The phototrophic cyanobacterium Halomicronema hongdechloris shows far-red light-induced accumulation of chlorophyll (Chl) f, but the involvement of the pigment in photosynthetic energy harvesting by photosystem (PS) II is controversially discussed. While H. hongdechloris contains negligible amounts of Chl f in white-light culture conditions, the ratio of Chl f to Chl a is reversibly changed up to 1:8 under illumination with far-red light (720-730 nm). We performed UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, time-integrated and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy for the calculation of decay-associated spectra (DAS) to determine excitation energy transfer (EET) processes between photosynthetic pigments in intact H. hongdechloris filaments. In cells grown under white light, highly efficient EET occurs from phycobilisomes (PBSs) to Chl a with an apparent time constant of about 100 ps. Charge separation occurs with a typical apparent time constant of 200-300 ps from Chl a. After 3-4 days of growth under far-red light, robust Chl f content was observed in H. hongdechloris and EET from PBSs reached Chl f efficiently within 200 ps. It is proposed based on mathematical modeling by rate equation systems for EET between the PBSs and PSII and subsequent electron transfer (ET) that charge separation occurs from Chl a and excitation energy is funneled from Chl f to Chl a via an energetically uphill EET driven by entropy, which is effective because the number of Chl a molecules coupled to Chl f is at least eight- to tenfold larger than the corresponding number of Chl f molecules. The long lifetime of Chl f molecules in contact to a tenfold larger pool of Chl a molecules allows Chl f to act as an intermediate energy storage level, from which the Gibbs free energy difference between Chl f and Chl a can be overcome by taking advantage from the favorable ratio of degeneracy coefficients, which formally represents a significant entropy gain in the Eyring formulation of the Arrhenius law. Direct evidence for energetically uphill EET and charge separation in PSII upon excitation of Chl f via anti-Stokes fluorescence in far-red light-adapted H. hongdechloris cells was obtained: Excitation by 720 nm laser light resulted in robust Chl a fluorescence at 680 nm that was distinctly temperature-dependent and, notably, increased upon DCMU (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) treatment in far-red light-adapted cells. Thus, rather than serving as an excitation energy trap, Chl f in far-red light-adapted H. hongdechloris cells is directly contributing to oxygenic photosynthesis at PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz-Josef Schmitt
- Institute of Chemistry PC 14, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Züleyha Yenice Campbell
- Institute of Chemistry PC 14, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mai Vi Bui
- Institute of Chemistry PC 14, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Hüls
- Institute of Chemistry PC 14, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatsuya Tomo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku‑Ku, Tokyo, 162‑8601, Japan
| | - Min Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Eugene G Maksimov
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, bld. 24, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119992
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Matbuat Avenue 2a, 1073, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky Lane 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russian Federation, 141700
- Controlled Photobiosynthesis Laboratory, Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127276
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation, 142290
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Institute of Chemistry PC 14, Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
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53
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Ding WL, Hou YN, Tan ZZ, Jiang SP, Miao D, Losi A, Gärtner W, Scheer H, Zhao KH. Far-red acclimating cyanobacterium as versatile source for bright fluorescent biomarkers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1649-1656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Nürnberg DJ, Morton J, Santabarbara S, Telfer A, Joliot P, Antonaru LA, Ruban AV, Cardona T, Krausz E, Boussac A, Fantuzzi A, Rutherford AW. Photochemistry beyond the red limit in chlorophyll f-containing photosystems. Science 2018; 360:1210-1213. [PMID: 29903971 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar8313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Photosystems I and II convert solar energy into the chemical energy that powers life. Chlorophyll a photochemistry, using red light (680 to 700 nm), is near universal and is considered to define the energy "red limit" of oxygenic photosynthesis. We present biophysical studies on the photosystems from a cyanobacterium grown in far-red light (750 nm). The few long-wavelength chlorophylls present are well resolved from each other and from the majority pigment, chlorophyll a. Charge separation in photosystem I and II uses chlorophyll f at 745 nm and chlorophyll f (or d) at 727 nm, respectively. Each photosystem has a few even longer-wavelength chlorophylls f that collect light and pass excitation energy uphill to the photochemically active pigments. These photosystems function beyond the red limit using far-red pigments in only a few key positions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefano Santabarbara
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alison Telfer
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Pierre Joliot
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laura A Antonaru
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Tanai Cardona
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Elmars Krausz
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alain Boussac
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, UMR 9198, Bât 532, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Andrea Fantuzzi
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Herrera-Salgado P, Leyva-Castillo LE, Ríos-Castro E, Gómez-Lojero C. Complementary chromatic and far-red photoacclimations in Synechococcus ATCC 29403 (PCC 7335). I: The phycobilisomes, a proteomic approach. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 138:39-56. [PMID: 29943359 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0536-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Synechococcus ATCC 29403 (PCC 7335) is a unicellular cyanobacterium isolated from Puerto Peñasco, Sonora Mexico. This cyanobacterium performs complementary chromatic acclimation (CCA), far-red light photoacclimation (FaRLiP), and nitrogen fixation. The Synechococcus PCC 7335 genome contains at least 31 genes for proteins of the phycobilisome (PBS). Nine constitutive genes were expressed when cells were grown under white or red lights and the resulting proteins were identified by mass spectrometry in isolated PBS. Five inducible genes were expressed under white light, and phycoerythrin subunits and associated linker proteins were detected. The proteins of five inducible genes expressed under red light were identified, the induced phycocyanin subunits, two rod linkers and the rod-capping linker. The five genes for FaRLiP phycobilisomes were expressed under far-red light together with the apcF gene, and the proteins were identified by mass spectrometry after isoelectric focusing and SDS-PAGE. Based on in silico analysis, Phylogenetic trees, and the observation of a highly conserved amino acid sequence in far-red light absorbing alpha allophycoproteins encoded by FaRLiP gene cluster, we propose a new nomenclature for the genes. Based on a ratio of ApcG2/ApcG3 of six, a model with the arrangement of the allophycocyanin trimers of the core is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Herrera-Salgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lourdes E Leyva-Castillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel Ríos-Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Gómez-Lojero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico.
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56
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Wood K, Mata JP, Garvey CJ, Wu CM, Hamilton WA, Abbeywick P, Bartlett D, Bartsch F, Baxter P, Booth N, Brown W, Christoforidis J, Clowes D, d'Adam T, Darmann F, Deura M, Harrison S, Hauser N, Horton G, Federici D, Franceschini F, Hanson P, Imamovic E, Imperia P, Jones M, Kennedy S, Kim S, Lam T, Lee WT, Lesha M, Mannicke D, Noakes T, Olsen SR, Osborn JC, Penny D, Perry M, Pullen SA, Robinson RA, Schulz JC, Xiong N, Gilbert EP. QUOKKA, the pinhole small-angle neutron scattering instrument at the OPAL Research Reactor, Australia: design, performance, operation and scientific highlights. J Appl Crystallogr 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576718002534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
QUOKKA is a 40 m pinhole small-angle neutron scattering instrument in routine user operation at the OPAL research reactor at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation. Operating with a neutron velocity selector enabling variable wavelength, QUOKKA has an adjustable collimation system providing source–sample distances of up to 20 m. Following the large-area sample position, a two-dimensional 1 m2position-sensitive detector measures neutrons scattered from the sample over a secondary flight path of up to 20 m. Also offering incident beam polarization and analysis capability as well as lens focusing optics, QUOKKA has been designed as a general purpose SANS instrument to conduct research across a broad range of scientific disciplines, from structural biology to magnetism. As it has recently generated its first 100 publications through serving the needs of the domestic and international user communities, it is timely to detail a description of its as-built design, performance and operation as well as its scientific highlights. Scientific examples presented here reflect the Australian context, as do the industrial applications, many combined with innovative and unique sample environments.
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57
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Wolf BM, Niedzwiedzki DM, Magdaong NCM, Roth R, Goodenough U, Blankenship RE. Characterization of a newly isolated freshwater Eustigmatophyte alga capable of utilizing far-red light as its sole light source. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 135:177-189. [PMID: 28547584 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic phototrophs typically utilize visible light (400-700 nm) to drive photosynthesis. However, a large fraction of the energy in sunlight is contained in the far-red region, which encompasses light beyond 700 nm. In nature, certain niche environments contain high levels of this far-red light due to filtering by other phototrophs, and in these environments, organisms with photosynthetic antenna systems adapted to absorbing far-red light are able to thrive. We used selective far-red light conditions to isolate such organisms in environmental samples. One cultured organism, the Eustigmatophyte alga Forest Park Isolate 5 (FP5), is able to absorb far-red light using a chlorophyll (Chl) a-containing antenna complex, and is able to grow under solely far-red light. Here we characterize the antenna system from this organism, which is able to shift the absorption of Chl a to >705 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Wolf
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dariusz M Niedzwiedzki
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nikki Cecil M Magdaong
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robyn Roth
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ursula Goodenough
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert E Blankenship
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA.
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58
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Repurposing a photosynthetic antenna protein as a super-resolution microscopy label. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16807. [PMID: 29196704 PMCID: PMC5711914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Techniques such as Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) and Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) have increased the achievable resolution of optical imaging, but few fluorescent proteins are suitable for super-resolution microscopy, particularly in the far-red and near-infrared emission range. Here we demonstrate the applicability of CpcA, a subunit of the photosynthetic antenna complex in cyanobacteria, for STORM and SIM imaging. The periodicity and width of fabricated nanoarrays of CpcA, with a covalently attached phycoerythrobilin (PEB) or phycocyanobilin (PCB) chromophore, matched the lines in reconstructed STORM images. SIM and STORM reconstructions of Escherichia coli cells harbouring CpcA-labelled cytochrome bd 1 ubiquinol oxidase in the cytoplasmic membrane show that CpcA-PEB and CpcA-PCB are suitable for super-resolution imaging in vivo. The stability, ease of production, small size and brightness of CpcA-PEB and CpcA-PCB demonstrate the potential of this largely unexplored protein family as novel probes for super-resolution microscopy.
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59
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Garg H, Loughlin PC, Willows RD, Chen M. The C2 1-formyl group in chlorophyll f originates from molecular oxygen. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:19279-19289. [PMID: 28972142 PMCID: PMC5702668 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.814756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophylls (Chls) are the most important cofactors for capturing solar energy to drive photosynthetic reactions. Five spectral types of Chls have been identified to date, with Chl f having the most red-shifted absorption maximum because of a C21-formyl group substitution of Chl f However, the biochemical provenance of this formyl group is unknown. Here, we used a stable isotope labeling technique (18O and 2H) to determine the origin of the C21-formyl group of Chl f and to verify whether Chl f is synthesized from Chl a in the cyanobacterial species Halomicronema hongdechloris. In the presence of either H218O or 18O2, the origin of oxygen atoms in the newly synthesized chlorophylls was investigated. The pigments were isolated with HPLC, followed by MS analysis. We found that the oxygen atom of the C21-formyl group originates from molecular oxygen and not from H2O. Moreover, we examined the kinetics of the labeling of Chl a and Chl f from H. hongdechloris grown in 50% D2O-seawater medium under different light conditions. When cells were shifted from white light D2O-seawater medium to far-red light H2O-seawater medium, the observed deuteration in Chl f indicated that Chl(ide) a is the precursor of Chl f Taken together, our results advance our understanding of the biosynthesis pathway of the chlorophylls and the formation of the formyl group in Chl f.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Garg
- From the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia and
| | - Patrick C Loughlin
- From the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia and
| | - Robert D Willows
- the Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Min Chen
- From the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia and
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Majumder ELW, Wolf BM, Liu H, Berg RH, Timlin JA, Chen M, Blankenship RE. Subcellular pigment distribution is altered under far-red light acclimation in cyanobacteria that contain chlorophyll f. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 134:183-192. [PMID: 28895022 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Far-Red Light (FRL) acclimation is a process that has been observed in cyanobacteria and algae that can grow solely on light above 700 nm. The acclimation to FRL results in rearrangement and synthesis of new pigments and pigment-protein complexes. In this study, cyanobacteria containing chlorophyll f, Synechococcus sp. PCC 7335 and Halomicronema hongdechloris, were imaged as live cells with confocal microscopy. H. hongdechloris was further studied with hyperspectral confocal fluorescence microscopy (HCFM) and freeze-substituted thin-section transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Under FRL, phycocyanin-containing complexes and chlorophyll-containing complexes were determined to be physically separated and the synthesis of red-form phycobilisome and Chl f was increased. The timing of these responses was observed. The heterogeneity and eco-physiological response of the cells was noted. Additionally, a gliding motility for H. hongdechloris is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L-W Majumder
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Benjamin M Wolf
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Haijun Liu
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - R Howard Berg
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N Warson Rd, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Jerilyn A Timlin
- Bioenergy and Defense Technologies Department, Sandia National Laboratories, P. O. Box 5800, MS 0895, Albuquerque, NM, 87123, USA
| | - Min Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Robert E Blankenship
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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61
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Golub M, Hejazi M, Kölsch A, Lokstein H, Wieland DCF, Zouni A, Pieper J. Solution structure of monomeric and trimeric photosystem I of Thermosynechococcus elongatus investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 133:163-173. [PMID: 28258466 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The structure of monomeric and trimeric photosystem I (PS I) of Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP1 (T. elongatus) was investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The scattering data reveal that the protein-detergent complexes possess radii of gyration of 58 and 78 Å in the cases of monomeric and trimeric PS I, respectively. The results also show that the samples are monodisperse, virtually free of aggregation, and contain empty detergent micelles. The shape of the protein-detergent complexes can be well approximated by elliptical cylinders with a height of 78 Å. Monomeric PS I in buffer solution exhibits minor and major radii of the elliptical cylinder of about 50 and 85 Å, respectively. In the case of trimeric PS I, both radii are equal to about 110 Å. The latter model can be shown to accommodate three elliptical cylinders equal to those describing monomeric PS I. A structure reconstitution also reveals that the protein-detergent complexes are larger than their respective crystal structures. The reconstituted structures are larger by about 20 Å mainly in the region of the hydrophobic surfaces of the monomeric and trimeric PS I complexes. This seeming contradiction can be resolved by the addition of a detergent belt constituted by a monolayer of dodecyl-β-D-maltoside molecules. Assuming a closest possible packing, a number of roughly 1024 and 1472 detergent molecules can be determined for monomeric and trimeric PS I, respectively. Taking the monolayer of detergent molecules into account, the solution structure can be almost perfectly modeled by the crystal structures of monomeric and trimeric PS I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Golub
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Wilhelm Ostwaldi 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mahdi Hejazi
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philipp Str. 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrian Kölsch
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philipp Str. 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D C Florian Wieland
- Department for Metalic Biomaterials, Institute for Materials Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Athina Zouni
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philipp Str. 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Pieper
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Wilhelm Ostwaldi 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.
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Light harvesting in phototrophic bacteria: structure and function. Biochem J 2017; 474:2107-2131. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review serves as an introduction to the variety of light-harvesting (LH) structures present in phototrophic prokaryotes. It provides an overview of the LH complexes of purple bacteria, green sulfur bacteria (GSB), acidobacteria, filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs (FAP), and cyanobacteria. Bacteria have adapted their LH systems for efficient operation under a multitude of different habitats and light qualities, performing both oxygenic (oxygen-evolving) and anoxygenic (non-oxygen-evolving) photosynthesis. For each LH system, emphasis is placed on the overall architecture of the pigment–protein complex, as well as any relevant information on energy transfer rates and pathways. This review addresses also some of the more recent findings in the field, such as the structure of the CsmA chlorosome baseplate and the whole-cell kinetics of energy transfer in GSB, while also pointing out some areas in need of further investigation.
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Xu QZ, Tang QY, Han JX, Ding WL, Zhao BQ, Zhou M, Gärtner W, Scheer H, Zhao KH. Chromophorylation (in Escherichia coli) of allophycocyanin B subunits from far-red light acclimated Chroococcidiopsis thermalis sp. PCC7203. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:1153-1161. [PMID: 28594045 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00066a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial phycobilisomes funnel the harvested light energy to the reaction centers via two terminal emitters, allophycocyanin B and the core-membrane linker. ApcD is the α-subunit of allophycocyanin B responsible for its red-shifted absorbance (λmax 665 nm). Far-red photo-acclimated cyanobacteria contain certain allophycocyanins that show even further red-shifted absorbances (λmax > 700 nm). We studied the chromophorylation of the three far-red induced ApcD subunits ApcD2, ApcD3 and ApcD4 from Chroococcidiopsis thermalis sp. PCC7203 during the expression in E. coli. The complex behavior emphasizes that a variety of factors contribute to the spectral red-shift. Only ApcD2 bound phycocyanobilin covalently at the canonical position C81, while ApcD3 and ApcD4 gave only traces of stable products. The product of ApcD2 was, however, heterogeneous. The major fraction had a broad absorption around 560 nm and double-peaked fluorescence at 615 and 670 nm. A minor fraction was similar to the product of conventional ApcD, with maximal absorbance around 610 nm and fluorescence around 640 nm. The heterogeneity was lost in C65 and C132 variants; in these variants only the conventional product was formed. With ApcD4, a red-shifted product carrying non-covalently bound phycocyanobilin could be detected in the supernatant after cell lysis. While this chromophore was lost during purification, it could be stabilized by co-assembly with a far-red light-induced β-subunit, ApcB3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Zhao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.
| | - Qi-Ying Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.
| | - Jia-Xin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.
| | - Wen-Long Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.
| | - Bao-Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.
| | - Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.
| | - Wolfgang Gärtner
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim, Germany
| | - Hugo Scheer
- Department Biologie I, Universität München, D-80638 München, Germany
| | - Kai-Hong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.
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Montgomery BL. Seeing new light: recent insights into the occurrence and regulation of chromatic acclimation in cyanobacteria. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 37:18-23. [PMID: 28391048 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria exhibit a form of photomorphogenesis termed chromatic acclimation (CA), which involves tuning metabolism and physiology to external light cues, with the most readily recognized acclimation being the alteration of pigmentation. Historically, CA has been represented by three types that occur in organisms which synthesize green-light-absorbing phycoerythrin (PE) and red-light-absorbing phycocyanin (PC). The distinct CA types depend upon whether organisms adjust levels of PE (type II), both PE and PC (type III, also complementary chromatic acclimation), or neither (type I) in response to red or green wavelengths. Recently new forms of CA have been described which include responses to blue and green light (type IV) or far-red light (FaRLiP). Here, the molecular bases of distinct forms of CA are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beronda L Montgomery
- Michigan State University, Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
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Ho MY, Soulier NT, Canniffe DP, Shen G, Bryant DA. Light regulation of pigment and photosystem biosynthesis in cyanobacteria. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 37:24-33. [PMID: 28391049 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Most cyanobacteria are obligate oxygenic photoautotrophs, and thus their growth and survival is highly dependent on effective utilization of incident light. Cyanobacteria have evolved a diverse set of phytochromes and cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) that allow cells to respond to light in the range from ∼300nm to ∼750nm. Together with associated response regulators, these photosensory proteins control many aspects of cyanobacterial physiology and metabolism. These include far-red light photoacclimation (FaRLiP), complementary chromatic acclimation (CCA), low-light photoacclimation (LoLiP), photosystem content and stoichiometry (long-term adaptation), short-term acclimation (state transitions), circadian rhythm, phototaxis, photomorphogenesis/development, and cellular aggregation. This minireview highlights some discoveries concerning phytochromes and CBCRs as well as two acclimation processes that improve light harvesting and energy conversion under specific irradiance conditions: FaRLiP and CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Ho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Nathan T Soulier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Daniel P Canniffe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Gaozhong Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
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66
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Ho MY, Gan F, Shen G, Zhao C, Bryant DA. Far-red light photoacclimation (FaRLiP) in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7335: I. Regulation of FaRLiP gene expression. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 131:173-186. [PMID: 27638320 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0309-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Far-red light photoacclimation (FaRLiP) is a mechanism that allows some cyanobacteria to utilize far-red light (FRL) for oxygenic photosynthesis. During FaRLiP, cyanobacteria remodel photosystem (PS) I, PS II, and phycobilisomes while synthesizing Chl d, Chl f, and far-red-absorbing phycobiliproteins, and these changes enable these organisms to use FRL for growth. In this study, a conjugation-based genetic system was developed for Synechococcus sp. PCC 7335. Three antibiotic cassettes were successfully used to generate knockout mutations in genes in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7335, which should allow up to three gene loci to be modified in one strain. This system was used to delete the rfpA, rfpB, and rfpC genes individually, and characterization of the mutants demonstrated that these genes control the expression of the FaRLiP gene cluster in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7335. The mutant strains exhibited some surprising differences from similar mutants in other FaRLiP strains. Notably, mutations in any of the three master transcription regulatory genes led to enhanced synthesis of phycocyanin and PS II. A time-course study showed that acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus from that produced in white light to that produced in FRL occurs very slowly over a period 12-14 days in this strain and that it is associated with a substantial reduction (~34 %) in the chlorophyll a content of the cells. This study shows that there are differences in the detailed responses of cyanobacteria to growth in FRL in spite of the obvious similarities in the organization and regulation of the FaRLiP gene cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Ho
- 403C Althouse Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Fei Gan
- 403C Althouse Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Gaozhong Shen
- 403C Althouse Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Chi Zhao
- 403C Althouse Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Donald A Bryant
- 403C Althouse Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.
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Ho MY, Gan F, Shen G, Bryant DA. Far-red light photoacclimation (FaRLiP) in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7335. II.Characterization of phycobiliproteins produced during acclimation to far-red light. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 131:187-202. [PMID: 27623780 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phycobilisomes (PBS) are antenna complexes that harvest light for photosystem (PS) I and PS II in cyanobacteria and some algae. A process known as far-red light photoacclimation (FaRLiP) occurs when some cyanobacteria are grown in far-red light (FRL). They synthesize chlorophylls d and f and remodel PS I, PS II, and PBS using subunits paralogous to those produced in white light. The FaRLiP strain, Leptolyngbya sp. JSC-1, replaces hemidiscoidal PBS with pentacylindrical cores, which are produced when cells are grown in red or white light, with PBS with bicylindrical cores when cells are grown in FRL. This study shows that the PBS of another FaRLiP strain, Synechococcus sp. PCC 7335, are not remodeled in cells grown in FRL. Instead, cells grown in FRL produce bicylindrical cores that uniquely contain the paralogous allophycocyanin subunits encoded in the FaRLiP cluster, and these bicylindrical cores coexist with red-light-type PBS with tricylindrical cores. The bicylindrical cores have absorption maxima at 650 and 711 nm and a low-temperature fluorescence emission maximum at 730 nm. They contain ApcE2:ApcF:ApcD3:ApcD2:ApcD5:ApcB2 in the approximate ratio 2:2:4:6:12:22, and a structural model is proposed. Time course experiments showed that bicylindrical cores were detectable about 48 h after cells were transferred from RL to FRL and that synthesis of red-light-type PBS continued throughout a 21-day growth period. When considered in comparison with results for other FaRLiP cyanobacteria, the results here show that acclimation responses to FRL can differ considerably among FaRLiP cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Ho
- 403C Althouse Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Fei Gan
- 403C Althouse Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Gaozhong Shen
- 403C Althouse Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Donald A Bryant
- 403C Althouse Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA.
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68
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Solution structure and excitation energy transfer in phycobiliproteins of Acaryochloris marina investigated by small angle scattering. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:318-324. [PMID: 28131736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The structure of phycobiliproteins of the cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina was investigated in buffer solution at physiological temperatures, i.e. under the same conditions applied in spectroscopic experiments, using small angle neutron scattering. The scattering data of intact phycobiliproteins in buffer solution containing phosphate can be well described using a cylindrical shape with a length of about 225Å and a diameter of approximately 100Å. This finding is qualitatively consistent with earlier electron microscopy studies reporting a rod-like shape of the phycobiliproteins with a length of about 250 (M. Chen et al., FEBS Letters 583, 2009, 2535) or 300Å (J. Marquart et al., FEBS Letters 410, 1997, 428). In contrast, phycobiliproteins dissolved in buffer lacking phosphate revealed a splitting of the rods into cylindrical subunits with a height of 28Å only, but also a pronounced sample aggregation. Complementary small angle neutron and X-ray scattering experiments on phycocyanin suggest that the cylindrical subunits may represent either trimeric phycocyanin or trimeric allophycocyanin. Our findings are in agreement with the assumption that a phycobiliprotein rod with a total height of about 225Å can accommodate seven trimeric phycocyanin subunits and one trimeric allophycocyanin subunit, each of which having a height of about 28Å. The structural information obtained by small angle neutron and X-ray scattering can be used to interpret variations in the low-energy region of the 4.5K absorption spectra of phycobiliproteins dissolved in buffer solutions containing and lacking phosphate, respectively.
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Far-red light photoacclimation: Chromophorylation of FR induced α- and β-subunits of allophycocyanin from Chroococcidiopsis thermalis sp. PCC7203. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1607-1616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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70
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Miao D, Ding WL, Zhao BQ, Lu L, Xu QZ, Scheer H, Zhao KH. Adapting photosynthesis to the near-infrared: non-covalent binding of phycocyanobilin provides an extreme spectral red-shift to phycobilisome core-membrane linker from Synechococcus sp. PCC7335. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:688-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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