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Harooni J, Joukar F, Goujani R, Sikaroudi MK, Hatami A, Zolghadrpour MA, Hejazi M, Karimi Z, Rahmanpour F, Askari Shahid S, Jowshan MR. Cohort profile: the PERSIAN Dena Cohort Study (PDCS) of non-communicable diseases in Southwest Iran. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e079697. [PMID: 38604628 PMCID: PMC11015286 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study conducted in Dena County is a population-based cohort study as part of the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN). The specific objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of region-specific modifiable risk factors and their associations with the incidence of major non-communicable diseases (NCDs). PARTICIPANTS This PERSIAN Dena Cohort Study (PDCS) was conducted on 1561 men and 2069 women aged 35-70 years from October 2016 in Dena County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Southwest Iran. The overall participation rate was 82.7%. FINDINGS TO DATE Out of 3630 participants, the mean age was 50.16 years, 2069 (56.9%) were women and 2092 (57.6%) were rural residents. Females exhibited higher prevalence rates of diabetes, hypertension, fatty liver, psychiatric disorders, thyroiditis, kidney stones, gallstones, rheumatic disease, chronic lung disease, depression and osteoporosis compared with males (p<0.05). Furthermore, the urban population showed elevated rates of diabetes, thyroiditis, kidney stones and epilepsy, whereas psychiatric disorders and lupus were more prevalent in rural areas (p<0.05). According to laboratory findings, 418 (13.0%), 1536 (48.1%) and 626 (19.3%) of the participants had fasting blood sugar >126 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein >100 mg/dL and haematuria, respectively; most of them were female and urban people (p<0.05). FUTURE PLANS PDCS will be planned to re-evaluate NCD-related incidence, all-cause and cause-specific mortality every 5 years, along with annual follow-up for 15 years. Some examples of additional planned studies are evaluation of genetic, environmental risk, spirometry and ECG tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Harooni
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Reza Goujani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Khalighi Sikaroudi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Hatami
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Amin Zolghadrpour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hejazi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Karimi
- Students Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahmanpour
- Students Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Sakineh Askari Shahid
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Jowshan
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
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Abiri B, Amini S, Hejazi M, Hosseinpanah F, Zarghi A, Abbaspour F, Valizadeh M. Tea's anti-obesity properties, cardiometabolic health-promoting potentials, bioactive compounds, and adverse effects: A review focusing on white and green teas. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5818-5836. [PMID: 37823174 PMCID: PMC10563719 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea is one of the most commonly consumed beverages in the world. Morocco, Japan, and China have consumed green tea for centuries. White tea, which is a variety of green teas, is very popular in China and is highly revered for its taste. Presently, both teas are consumed in other countries around the world, even as functional ingredients, and novel research is constantly being conducted in these areas. We provide an update on the health benefits of white and green teas in this review, based on recent research done to present. After a general introduction, we focused on tea's anti-obesity and human health-promoting potential, adverse effects, and new approaches to tea and its bioactive compounds. It has been found that the health benefits of tea are due to its bioactive components, mainly phenolic compounds. Of these, catechins are the most abundant. This beverage (or its extracts) has potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which could contribute to body weight control and the improvement of several chronic diseases. However, some studies have mentioned the possibility of toxic effects; therefore, reducing tea consumption is a good idea, especially during the last trimester of pregnancy. Additionally, new evidence will provide insight into the possible effects of tea on the human gut microbiota, and even on the viruses responsible for SARS-CoV-2. A beverage such as this may favor beneficial gut microbes, which may have important implications due to the influence of gut microbiota on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Abiri
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Shirin Amini
- Department of NutritionShoushtar Faculty of Medical SciencesShoushtarIran
| | - Mahdi Hejazi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Farhad Hosseinpanah
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of PharmacyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Faeze Abbaspour
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Majid Valizadeh
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Abiri B, Ahmadi AR, Amini S, Akbari M, Hosseinpanah F, Madinehzad SA, Hejazi M, Rishehri AP, Naserghandi A, Valizadeh M. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Iranian population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Health Popul Nutr 2023; 42:70. [PMID: 37488650 PMCID: PMC10367271 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major risk factor for chronic diseases. Politicians and practitioners should be aware of the dramatic increase in obesity and its subsequent complications to prevent associated health risks. This systematic review aimed to provide better insight into the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Iranian population. METHOD An evaluation was conducted on all published observational studies from both national (SID, Irandoc, Iranmedex) and international (Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Scopus) sources, which reported the prevalence of overweight/obesity among normal population samples, between January 2012 and December 2021. RESULT A total of 152 eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. Of the 152 selected studies, 74 reported the prevalence of overweight/obesity in patients aged ≤ 18 years, and 61 studies in adults. In the rest of the articles (17 studies), the results were reported for a combination of these age groups. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Iran was estimated at 20.1 (95% CI 17.92-22.30) and 13.44 (95% CI 11.76-15.22), respectively. This percentage (95% CI) was 11.71 (10.98-12.46) for overweight and 8.08 (7.02-9.22) for obesity in those aged ≤ 18 years, and 35.26 (32.61-37.99) for overweight and 21.38 (19.61-23.20) for obesity in those aged > 18 years. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity in the entire population was 35.09% (95% CI 31.31-38.98). CONCLUSION As obesity is on the rise in Iran, we should seek both weight loss strategies and ways to control comorbidities associated with high BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Abiri
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shirin Amini
- Department of Nutrition, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Akbari
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farhad Hosseinpanah
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ataollah Madinehzad
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hejazi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Pouladi Rishehri
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alvand Naserghandi
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Valizadeh
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Abiri B, Ahmadi AR, Hejazi M, Amini S. Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, and Metabolic Syndrome: Review in the Era of COVID-19. Clin Nutr Res 2022; 11:331-346. [PMID: 36381471 PMCID: PMC9633974 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2022.11.4.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is now at pandemic levels leading to considerable morbidity and mortality throughout the globe. Patients with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are mainly susceptible and more probably to get severe side effects when affected by this virus. The pathophysiologic mechanisms for these notions have not been completely known. The pro-inflammatory milieu observed in patients with metabolic disruption could lead to COVID-19-mediated host immune dysregulation, such as immune dysfunction, severe inflammation, microvascular dysfunction, and thrombosis. The present review expresses the current knowledge regarding the influence of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and MetS on COVID-19 infection and severity, and their pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Abiri
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ramezani Ahmadi
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hejazi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14166-34793, Iran
| | - Shirin Amini
- Department of Nutrition, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar 64517-73865, Iran
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Malinova I, Mahto H, Brandt F, Al-Rawi S, Qasim H, Brust H, Hejazi M, Fettke J. EARLY STARVATION1 specifically affects the phosphorylation action of starch-related dikinases. Plant J 2018; 95:126-137. [PMID: 29681129 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Starch phosphorylation by starch-related dikinases glucan, water dikinase (GWD) and phosphoglucan, water dikinase (PWD) is a key step in starch degradation. Little information is known about the precise structure of the glucan substrate utilized by the dikinases and about the mechanisms by which these structures may be influenced. A 50-kDa starch-binding protein named EARLY STARVATION1 (ESV1) was analyzed regarding its impact on starch phosphorylation. In various in vitro assays, the influences of the recombinant protein ESV1 on the actions of GWD and PWD on the surfaces of native starch granules were analyzed. In addition, we included starches from various sources as well as truncated forms of GWD. ESV1 preferentially binds to highly ordered, α-glucans, such as starch and crystalline maltodextrins. Furthermore, ESV1 specifically influences the action of GWD and PWD at the starch granule surface. Starch phosphorylation by GWD is decreased in the presence of ESV1, whereas the action of PWD increases in the presence of ESV1. The unique alterations observed in starch phosphorylation by the two dikinases are discussed in regard to altered glucan structures at the starch granule surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Malinova
- Biopolymer Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Harendra Mahto
- Biopolymer Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Felix Brandt
- Biopolymer Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Shadha Al-Rawi
- Biopolymer Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Hadeel Qasim
- Biopolymer Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Henrike Brust
- Biopolymer Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mahdi Hejazi
- Biopolymer Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Joerg Fettke
- Biopolymer Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Feifel SC, Stieger KR, Hejazi M, Wang X, Ilbert M, Zouni A, Lojou E, Lisdat F. Dihemic c4-type cytochrome acting as a surrogate electron conduit: Artificially interconnecting a photosystem I supercomplex with electrodes. Electrochem commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Kölsch A, Hejazi M, Stieger KR, Feifel SC, Kern JF, Müh F, Lisdat F, Lokstein H, Zouni A. Insights into the binding behavior of native and non-native cytochromes to photosystem I from Thermosynechococcus elongatus. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9090-9100. [PMID: 29695502 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The binding of photosystem I (PS I) from Thermosynechococcus elongatus to the native cytochrome (cyt) c6 and cyt c from horse heart (cyt cHH) was analyzed by oxygen consumption measurements, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and rigid body docking combined with electrostatic computations of binding energies. Although PS I has a higher affinity for cyt cHH than for cyt c6, the influence of ionic strength and pH on binding is different in the two cases. ITC and theoretical computations revealed the existence of unspecific binding sites for cyt cHH besides one specific binding site close to P700 Binding to PS I was found to be the same for reduced and oxidized cyt cHH Based on this information, suitable conditions for cocrystallization of cyt cHH with PS I were found, resulting in crystals with a PS I:cyt cHH ratio of 1:1. A crystal structure at 3.4-Å resolution was obtained, but cyt cHH cannot be identified in the electron density map because of unspecific binding sites and/or high flexibility at the specific binding site. Modeling the binding of cyt c6 to PS I revealed a specific binding site where the distance and orientation of cyt c6 relative to P700 are comparable with cyt c2 from purple bacteria relative to P870 This work provides new insights into the binding modes of different cytochromes to PS I, thus facilitating steps toward solving the PS I-cyt c costructure and a more detailed understanding of natural electron transport processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kölsch
- From the Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstrasse 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany,
| | - Mahdi Hejazi
- From the Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstrasse 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai R Stieger
- Biosystems Technology, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Sven C Feifel
- Biosystems Technology, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Jan F Kern
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Frank Müh
- Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria, and
| | - Fred Lisdat
- Biosystems Technology, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, CZ-121 16 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Athina Zouni
- From the Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstrasse 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany,
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Ciornii D, Riedel M, Stieger KR, Feifel SC, Hejazi M, Lokstein H, Zouni A, Lisdat F. Bioelectronic Circuit on a 3D Electrode Architecture: Enzymatic Catalysis Interconnected with Photosystem I. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16478-16481. [PMID: 29091736 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Artificial light-driven signal chains are particularly important for the development of systems converting light into a current, into chemicals or for light-induced sensing. Here, we report on the construction of an all-protein, light-triggered, catalytic circuit based on photosystem I, cytochrome c (cyt c) and human sulfite oxidase (hSOX). The defined assembly of all components using a modular design results in an artificial biohybrid electrode architecture, combining the photophysical features of PSI with the biocatalytic properties of hSOX for advanced light-controlled bioelectronics. The working principle is based on a competitive switch between electron supply from the electrode or by enzymatic substrate conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Ciornii
- Biosystems Technology, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau , Hochschulring 1, 15475 Wildau, Germany
| | - Marc Riedel
- Biosystems Technology, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau , Hochschulring 1, 15475 Wildau, Germany
| | - Kai R Stieger
- Biosystems Technology, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau , Hochschulring 1, 15475 Wildau, Germany
| | - Sven C Feifel
- Biosystems Technology, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau , Hochschulring 1, 15475 Wildau, Germany
| | - Mahdi Hejazi
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-University of Berlin , Philippstrasse 13, Haus 18, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University , Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Athina Zouni
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-University of Berlin , Philippstrasse 13, Haus 18, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fred Lisdat
- Biosystems Technology, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau , Hochschulring 1, 15475 Wildau, Germany
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Golub M, Hejazi M, Kölsch A, Lokstein H, Wieland DCF, Zouni A, Pieper J. Solution structure of monomeric and trimeric photosystem I of Thermosynechococcus elongatus investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering. Photosynth Res 2017; 133:163-173. [PMID: 28258466 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The structure of monomeric and trimeric photosystem I (PS I) of Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP1 (T. elongatus) was investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The scattering data reveal that the protein-detergent complexes possess radii of gyration of 58 and 78 Å in the cases of monomeric and trimeric PS I, respectively. The results also show that the samples are monodisperse, virtually free of aggregation, and contain empty detergent micelles. The shape of the protein-detergent complexes can be well approximated by elliptical cylinders with a height of 78 Å. Monomeric PS I in buffer solution exhibits minor and major radii of the elliptical cylinder of about 50 and 85 Å, respectively. In the case of trimeric PS I, both radii are equal to about 110 Å. The latter model can be shown to accommodate three elliptical cylinders equal to those describing monomeric PS I. A structure reconstitution also reveals that the protein-detergent complexes are larger than their respective crystal structures. The reconstituted structures are larger by about 20 Å mainly in the region of the hydrophobic surfaces of the monomeric and trimeric PS I complexes. This seeming contradiction can be resolved by the addition of a detergent belt constituted by a monolayer of dodecyl-β-D-maltoside molecules. Assuming a closest possible packing, a number of roughly 1024 and 1472 detergent molecules can be determined for monomeric and trimeric PS I, respectively. Taking the monolayer of detergent molecules into account, the solution structure can be almost perfectly modeled by the crystal structures of monomeric and trimeric PS I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Golub
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Wilhelm Ostwaldi 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mahdi Hejazi
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philipp Str. 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrian Kölsch
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philipp Str. 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D C Florian Wieland
- Department for Metalic Biomaterials, Institute for Materials Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Athina Zouni
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philipp Str. 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Pieper
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Wilhelm Ostwaldi 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.
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Hejazi M, Movahedi MF, Askari O, Higbee BS. Novel Chemo-Attractants for Trapping Tomato Leafminer Moth (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). J Econ Entomol 2016; 109:2074-2081. [PMID: 27567219 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The tomato leafminer moth, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), is a devastating pest for tomatoes in Iran and throughout the world. This pest reduces tomato yields in farms and greenhouses. It appears some floral odors are significant attractants for tomato leafminer moth. In this study, the effects of three floral compounds, phenylacetaldehyde (PAA), acetic acid (AA), and 3-methyl-1-butanol (MB), were evaluated as trap attractants for tomato leafminer moth. The attractants were tested separately, combined, and blended in binary and tertiary. Lures were tested in delta and water pan traps under field conditions and compared with unbaited traps as controls. Results indicated that water pan traps caught more moths than delta traps. Also treatments with PAA + AA combined and the AA + MB blend were strongly attractive to tomato leafminer moth males compared with other treatments in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hejazi
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran (; )
| | - M F Movahedi
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran (; )
| | - O Askari
- Plant Protection Organization, P.O. Box 1454, Tehran 19395, Iran
| | - B S Higbee
- Director, Entomology Research, Wonderful Orchards, 6801 E. Lerdo Hwy, Shafter, CA 93263
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Stieger KR, Ciornii D, Kölsch A, Hejazi M, Lokstein H, Feifel SC, Zouni A, Lisdat F. Engineering of supramolecular photoactive protein architectures: the defined co-assembly of photosystem I and cytochrome c using a nanoscaled DNA-matrix. Nanoscale 2016; 8:10695-705. [PMID: 27150202 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00097e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of renewable and sustainable protein-based light-to-energy converting systems is an emerging field of research. Here, we report on the development of supramolecular light-harvesting electrodes, consisting of the redox protein cytochrome c working as a molecular scaffold as well as a conductive wiring network and photosystem I as a photo-functional matrix element. Both proteins form complexes in solution, which in turn can be adsorbed on thiol-modified gold electrodes through a self-assembly mechanism. To overcome the limited stability of self-grown assemblies, DNA, a natural polyelectrolyte, is used as a further building block for the construction of a photo-active 3D architecture. DNA acts as a structural matrix element holding larger protein amounts and thus remarkably improving the maximum photocurrent and electrode stability. On investigating the photophysical properties, this system demonstrates that effective electron pathways have been created.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai R Stieger
- Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Biosystems Technology, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany.
| | - Dmitri Ciornii
- Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Biosystems Technology, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany.
| | - Adrian Kölsch
- Humboldt-University of Berlin, Institute of Biology, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mahdi Hejazi
- Humboldt-University of Berlin, Institute of Biology, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, Institute for Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Sven C Feifel
- Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Biosystems Technology, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany.
| | - Athina Zouni
- Humboldt-University of Berlin, Institute of Biology, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fred Lisdat
- Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Biosystems Technology, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany.
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Feifel SC, Lokstein H, Hejazi M, Zouni A, Lisdat F. Unidirectional Photocurrent of Photosystem I on π-System-Modified Graphene Electrodes: Nanobionic Approaches for the Construction of Photobiohybrid Systems. Langmuir 2015; 31:10590-8. [PMID: 26348323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
One major vital element of the oxygenic photosynthesis is photosystem I (PSI). We report on the construction of graphene-based nanohybrid light-harvesting architectures consisting of PSI supercomplexes adsorbed onto π-system-modified graphene interfaces. The light-driven nanophotobioelectrochemical architectures have been designed on a modified carbon surface, on the basis of π-π-stacking interactions between polycyclic aromatic compounds and graphene. As a result of the remarkable features of graphene and the feasibility of purposeful surface property adjustment, well-defined photoelectrochemical responses have been displayed by the nanophotohybrid electrodes. In particular, the PSI-graphene electrodes utilizing naphthalene derivatives provided a suitable surface for the adsorption of PSI and display already at the open circuit potential (OCP) a high cathodic photocurrent output of 4.5 ± 0.1 μA/cm(2). By applying an overpotential and addition of a soluble electron acceptor (methyl viologen), the photocurrent density can be further magnified to 20 ± 0.5 μA/cm(2). On the contrary, the investigated anthracene-based PSI-graphene electrodes exhibit considerably smaller and not very directed photoelectrochemical responses. This study grants insights into the influences of different polycyclic aromatic compounds acting as an interface between the very large protein supercomplex PSI and graphene while supporting the electrochemical communication of the biomolecule with the electrode. It needs to be emphasized that solely the naphthalene-based photoelectrodes reveal unidirectional cathodic photocurrents, establishing the feasibility of utilizing this advanced approach for the construction of next-generation photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven C Feifel
- Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau , Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and System Biology, University of Glasgow , 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, Scotland
| | - Mahdi Hejazi
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Insitut für Biologie , Philippstrasse 13, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Athina Zouni
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Insitut für Biologie , Philippstrasse 13, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - F Lisdat
- Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau , Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany
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13
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Mahlow S, Hejazi M, Kuhnert F, Garz A, Brust H, Baumann O, Fettke J. Phosphorylation of transitory starch by α-glucan, water dikinase during starch turnover affects the surface properties and morphology of starch granules. New Phytol 2014; 203:495-507. [PMID: 24697163 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Glucan, water dikinase (GWD) is a key enzyme of starch metabolism but the physico-chemical properties of starches isolated from GWD-deficient plants and their implications for starch metabolism have so far not been described. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants with reduced or no GWD activity were used to investigate the properties of starch granules. In addition, using various in vitro assays, the action of recombinant GWD, β-amylase, isoamylase and starch synthase 1 on the surface of native starch granules was analysed. The internal structure of granules isolated from GWD mutant plants is unaffected, as thermal stability, allomorph, chain length distribution and density of starch granules were similar to wild-type. However, short glucan chain residues located at the granule surface dominate in starches of transgenic plants and impede GWD activity. A similarly reduced rate of phosphorylation by GWD was also observed in potato tuber starch fractions that differ in the proportion of accessible glucan chain residues at the granule surface. A model is proposed to explain the characteristic morphology of starch granules observed in GWD transgenic plants. The model postulates that the occupancy rate of single glucan chains at the granule surface limits accessibility to starch-related enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mahlow
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Biopolymers Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mahdi Hejazi
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Franziska Kuhnert
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Andreas Garz
- Photonics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Henrike Brust
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Otto Baumann
- Zoophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Joerg Fettke
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Biopolymers Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Hejazi M, Mahlow S, Fettke J. The glucan phosphorylation mediated by α-glucan, water dikinase (GWD) is also essential in the light phase for a functional transitory starch turn-over. Plant Signal Behav 2014; 9:e28892. [PMID: 25763482 PMCID: PMC4091313 DOI: 10.4161/psb.28892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Starch phosphorylation mediated by the α-glucan, water dikinase (GWD) is crucial for transitory starch metabolism. The impact of the GWD action on transitory starch metabolism was analyzed in Arabidopsis mutants either lacking or revealing different reduced levels of GWD activity. In these mutants, glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) levels of the transitory leaf starch, the average leaf starch content, as well as alterations in the growth phenotype were determined under different light length conditions, including continuous light. Based on biochemical and growth phenotypical data, we found that the length of the light phase affects the phosphorylation state of the transitory starch and, by this, the average leaf starch content and the resulting growth of the plants. Additionally, we discuss data referring to an involvement of the GWD mediated glucan phosphorylation in starch synthesis, as, e.g., starch phosphorylation occurred even when a dark phase was omitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Hejazi
- Plant Physiology; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology; University of Potsdam; Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mahlow
- Biopolymer Analytics; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology; University of Potsdam; Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Joerg Fettke
- Biopolymer Analytics; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology; University of Potsdam; Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Martins MCM, Hejazi M, Fettke J, Steup M, Feil R, Krause U, Arrivault S, Vosloh D, Figueroa CM, Ivakov A, Yadav UP, Piques M, Metzner D, Stitt M, Lunn JE. Feedback inhibition of starch degradation in Arabidopsis leaves mediated by trehalose 6-phosphate. Plant Physiol 2013; 163:1142-63. [PMID: 24043444 PMCID: PMC3813640 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.226787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Many plants accumulate substantial starch reserves in their leaves during the day and remobilize them at night to provide carbon and energy for maintenance and growth. In this paper, we explore the role of a sugar-signaling metabolite, trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P), in regulating the accumulation and turnover of transitory starch in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves. Ethanol-induced overexpression of trehalose-phosphate synthase during the day increased Tre6P levels up to 11-fold. There was a transient increase in the rate of starch accumulation in the middle of the day, but this was not linked to reductive activation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. A 2- to 3-fold increase in Tre6P during the night led to significant inhibition of starch degradation. Maltose and maltotriose did not accumulate, suggesting that Tre6P affects an early step in the pathway of starch degradation in the chloroplasts. Starch granules isolated from induced plants had a higher orthophosphate content than granules from noninduced control plants, consistent either with disruption of the phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle that is essential for efficient starch breakdown or with inhibition of starch hydrolysis by β-amylase. Nonaqueous fractionation of leaves showed that Tre6P is predominantly located in the cytosol, with estimated in vivo Tre6P concentrations of 4 to 7 µm in the cytosol, 0.2 to 0.5 µm in the chloroplasts, and 0.05 µm in the vacuole. It is proposed that Tre6P is a component in a signaling pathway that mediates the feedback regulation of starch breakdown by sucrose, potentially linking starch turnover to demand for sucrose by growing sink organs at night.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahdi Hejazi
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.C.M.M., R.F., U.K., S.A., D.V., C.M.F., A.I., U.P.Y., M.P., D.M., M.Sti., J.E.L.); and
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.H., J.F., M.Ste.)
| | - Joerg Fettke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.C.M.M., R.F., U.K., S.A., D.V., C.M.F., A.I., U.P.Y., M.P., D.M., M.Sti., J.E.L.); and
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.H., J.F., M.Ste.)
| | - Martin Steup
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.C.M.M., R.F., U.K., S.A., D.V., C.M.F., A.I., U.P.Y., M.P., D.M., M.Sti., J.E.L.); and
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.H., J.F., M.Ste.)
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.C.M.M., R.F., U.K., S.A., D.V., C.M.F., A.I., U.P.Y., M.P., D.M., M.Sti., J.E.L.); and
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.H., J.F., M.Ste.)
| | - Ursula Krause
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.C.M.M., R.F., U.K., S.A., D.V., C.M.F., A.I., U.P.Y., M.P., D.M., M.Sti., J.E.L.); and
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.H., J.F., M.Ste.)
| | - Stéphanie Arrivault
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.C.M.M., R.F., U.K., S.A., D.V., C.M.F., A.I., U.P.Y., M.P., D.M., M.Sti., J.E.L.); and
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.H., J.F., M.Ste.)
| | | | - Carlos María Figueroa
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.C.M.M., R.F., U.K., S.A., D.V., C.M.F., A.I., U.P.Y., M.P., D.M., M.Sti., J.E.L.); and
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.H., J.F., M.Ste.)
| | - Alexander Ivakov
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.C.M.M., R.F., U.K., S.A., D.V., C.M.F., A.I., U.P.Y., M.P., D.M., M.Sti., J.E.L.); and
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.H., J.F., M.Ste.)
| | | | - Maria Piques
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.C.M.M., R.F., U.K., S.A., D.V., C.M.F., A.I., U.P.Y., M.P., D.M., M.Sti., J.E.L.); and
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.H., J.F., M.Ste.)
| | - Daniela Metzner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.C.M.M., R.F., U.K., S.A., D.V., C.M.F., A.I., U.P.Y., M.P., D.M., M.Sti., J.E.L.); and
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.H., J.F., M.Ste.)
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.C.M.M., R.F., U.K., S.A., D.V., C.M.F., A.I., U.P.Y., M.P., D.M., M.Sti., J.E.L.); and
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.H., J.F., M.Ste.)
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Abstract
The plant genome encodes at least two distinct and evolutionary conserved plastidial starch-related dikinases that phosphorylate a low percentage of glucosyl residues at the starch granule surface. Esterification of starch favours the transition of highly ordered α-glucans to a less ordered state and thereby facilitates the cleavage of interglucose bonds by hydrolases. Metabolically most important is the phosphorylation at position C6, which is catalysed by the glucan, water dikinase (GWD). The reactions mediated by recombinant wild-type GWD from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtGWD) and from Solanum tuberosum (StGWD) were studied. Two mutated proteins lacking the conserved histidine residue that is indispensible for glucan phosphorylation were also included. The wild-type GWDs consume approximately 20% more ATP than is required for glucan phosphorylation. Similarly, although incapable of phosphorylating α-glucans, the two mutated dikinase proteins are capable of degrading ATP. Thus, consumption of ATP and phosphorylation of α-glucans are not strictly coupled processes but, to some extent, occur as independent phosphotransfer reactions. As revealed by incubation of the GWDs with [γ-(33) P]ATP, the consumption of ATP includes the transfer of the γ-phosphate group to the GWD protein but this autophosphorylation does not require the conserved histidine residue. Thus, the GWD proteins possess two vicinal phosphorylation sites, both of which are transiently phosphorylated. Following autophosphorylation at both sites, native dikinases flexibly use various terminal phosphate acceptors, such as water, α-glucans, AMP and ADP. A model is presented describing the complex phosphotransfer reactions of GWDs as affected by the availability of the various acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Hejazi
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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17
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Fathi Najafi T, Hejazi M, Feryal Esnaashari F, Sabaghiyan E, Hajibabakashani S, Yadegari Z. Assessment of sperm apoptosis and semen quality in infertile men-meta analysis. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2012; 14:182-3. [PMID: 22737577 PMCID: PMC3372034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Fathi Najafi
- Department of Shahinfar Medical, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran,Correspondence: Tahereh Fathi Najafi, MSc, Department of Shahinfar Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran. Tel.: +98-915-1002246, E-mail:
| | - M Hejazi
- Department of foreign languages, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - F Feryal Esnaashari
- Department of Shahinfar Medical, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - S Hajibabakashani
- Department of Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Z Yadegari
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Bojnord University of Medical Sciences, Bojnord, Iran
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18
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Fettke J, Malinova I, Albrecht T, Hejazi M, Steup M. Glucose-1-phosphate transport into protoplasts and chloroplasts from leaves of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 2011; 155:1723-34. [PMID: 21115809 PMCID: PMC3091119 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.168716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Almost all glucosyl transfer reactions rely on glucose-1-phosphate (Glc-1-P) that either immediately acts as glucosyl donor or as substrate for the synthesis of the more widely used Glc dinucleotides, ADPglucose or UDPglucose. In this communication, we have analyzed two Glc-1-P-related processes: the carbon flux from externally supplied Glc-1-P to starch by either mesophyll protoplasts or intact chloroplasts from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). When intact protoplasts or chloroplasts are incubated with [U-(14)C]Glc-1-P, starch is rapidly labeled. Incorporation into starch is unaffected by the addition of unlabeled Glc-6-P or Glc, indicating a selective flux from Glc-1-P to starch. However, illuminated protoplasts incorporate less (14)C into starch when unlabeled bicarbonate is supplied in addition to the (14)C-labeled Glc-1-P. Mesophyll protoplasts incubated with [U-(14)C]Glc-1-P incorporate (14)C into the plastidial pool of adenosine diphosphoglucose. Protoplasts prepared from leaves of mutants of Arabidopsis that lack either the plastidial phosphorylase or the phosphoglucomutase isozyme incorporate (14)C derived from external Glc-1-P into starch, but incorporation into starch is insignificant when protoplasts from a mutant possessing a highly reduced ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase activity are studied. Thus, the path of assimilatory starch biosynthesis initiated by extraplastidial Glc-1-P leads to the plastidial pool of adenosine diphosphoglucose, and at this intermediate it is fused with the Calvin cycle-driven route. Mutants lacking the plastidial phosphoglucomutase contain a small yet significant amount of transitory starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Fettke
- Mass Spectrometry of Biopolymers, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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Fettke J, Albrecht T, Hejazi M, Mahlow S, Nakamura Y, Steup M. Glucose 1-phosphate is efficiently taken up by potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber parenchyma cells and converted to reserve starch granules. New Phytol 2010; 185:663-75. [PMID: 20028468 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Reserve starch is an important plant product but the actual biosynthetic process is not yet fully understood. Potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber discs from various transgenic plants were used to analyse the conversion of external sugars or sugar derivatives to starch. By using in vitro assays, a direct glucosyl transfer from glucose 1-phosphate to native starch granules as mediated by recombinant plastidial phosphorylase was analysed. Compared with labelled glucose, glucose 6-phosphate or sucrose, tuber discs converted externally supplied [(14)C]glucose 1-phosphate into starch at a much higher rate. Likewise, tuber discs from transgenic lines with a strongly reduced expression of cytosolic phosphoglucomutase, phosphorylase or transglucosidase converted glucose 1-phosphate to starch with the same or even an increased rate compared with the wild-type. Similar results were obtained with transgenic potato lines possessing a strongly reduced activity of both the cytosolic and the plastidial phosphoglucomutase. Starch labelling was, however, significantly diminished in transgenic lines, with a reduced concentration of the plastidial phosphorylase isozymes. Two distinct paths of reserve starch biosynthesis are proposed that explain, at a biochemical level, the phenotype of several transgenic plant lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Fettke
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Mass Spectrometry of Biopolymers, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Building 20, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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21
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Hejazi M, Fettke J, Kötting O, Zeeman SC, Steup M. The Laforin-like dual-specificity phosphatase SEX4 from Arabidopsis hydrolyzes both C6- and C3-phosphate esters introduced by starch-related dikinases and thereby affects phase transition of alpha-glucans. Plant Physiol 2010; 152:711-22. [PMID: 20018599 PMCID: PMC2815871 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.149914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical function of the Laforin-like dual-specific phosphatase AtSEX4 (EC 3.1.3.48) has been studied. Crystalline maltodextrins representing the A- or the B-type allomorph were prephosphorylated using recombinant glucan, water dikinase (StGWD) or the successive action of both plastidial dikinases (StGWD and AtPWD). AtSEX4 hydrolyzed carbon 6-phosphate esters from both the prephosphorylated A- and B-type allomorphs and the kinetic constants are similar. The phosphatase also acted on prelabeled carbon-3 esters from both crystalline maltodextrins. Similarly, native starch granules prelabeled in either the carbon-6 or carbon-3 position were also dephosphorylated by AtSEX4. The phosphatase did also hydrolyze phosphate esters of both prephosphorylated maltodextrins when the (phospho)glucans had been solubilized by heat treatment. Submillimolar concentrations of nonphosphorylated maltodextrins inhibited AtSEX4 provided they possessed a minimum of length and had been solubilized. As opposed to the soluble phosphomaltodextrins, the AtSEX4-mediated dephosphorylation of the insoluble substrates was incomplete and at least 50% of the phosphate esters were retained in the pelletable (phospho)glucans. The partial dephosphorylation of the insoluble glucans also strongly reduced the release of nonphosphorylated chains into solution. Presumably, this effect reflects fast structural changes that following dephosphorylation occur near the surface of the maltodextrin particles. A model is proposed defining distinct stages within the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation-dependent transition of alpha-glucans from the insoluble to the soluble state.
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Hejazi M, Fettke J, Paris O, Steup M. The two plastidial starch-related dikinases sequentially phosphorylate glucosyl residues at the surface of both the A- and B-type allomorphs of crystallized maltodextrins but the mode of action differs. Plant Physiol 2009; 150:962-76. [PMID: 19395406 PMCID: PMC2689988 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.138750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two crystallized maltodextrins were generated that consist of the same oligoglucan pattern but differ strikingly in the physical order of double helices. As revealed by x-ray diffraction, they represent the highly ordered A- and B-type allomorphs. Both crystallized maltodextrins were similar in size distribution and birefringence. They were used as model substrates to study the consecutive action of the two starch-related dikinases, the glucan, water dikinase and the phosphoglucan, water dikinase. The glucan, water dikinase and the phosphoglucan, water dikinase selectively esterify glucosyl residues in the C6 and C3 positions, respectively. Recombinant glucan, water dikinase phosphorylated both allomorphs with similar rates and caused complete glucan solubilization. Soluble neutral maltodextrins inhibited the glucan, water dikinase-mediated phosphorylation of crystalline particles. Recombinant phosphoglucan, water dikinase phosphorylated both the A- and B-type allomorphs only following a prephosphorylation by the glucan, water dikinase, and the activity increased with the extent of prephosphorylation. The action of the phosphoglucan, water dikinase on the prephosphorylated A- and B-type allomorphs differed. When acting on the B-type allomorph, by far more phosphoglucans were solubilized as compared with the A type. However, with both allomorphs, the phosphoglucan, water dikinase formed significant amounts of monophosphorylated phosphoglucans. Thus, the enzyme is capable of acting on neutral maltodextrins. It is concluded that the actual carbohydrate substrate of the phosphoglucan, water dikinase is defined by physical rather than by chemical parameters. A model is proposed that explains, at the molecular level, the consecutive action of the two starch-related dikinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Hejazi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Fettke J, Hejazi M, Smirnova J, Höchel E, Stage M, Steup M. Eukaryotic starch degradation: integration of plastidial and cytosolic pathways. J Exp Bot 2009; 60:2907-22. [PMID: 19325165 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Starch is an important plant product widely used as a nutrient, as a source of renewable energy, and for many technological applications. In plants, starch is the almost ubiquitous storage carbohydrate whereas most heterotrophic prokaryotes and eukaryotes rely on glycogen. Despite close similarities in basic chemical features, starch and glycogen differ in both structural and physicochemical properties. Glycogen is a hydrosoluble macromolecule with evenly distributed branching points. Starch exists as a water-insoluble particle having a defined (and evolutionary conserved) internal structure. The biochemistry of starch requires the co-operation of up to 40 distinct (iso)enzymes whilst approximately 10 (iso)enzymes permit glycogen metabolism. The biosynthesis and degradation of native starch include the transition of carbohydrates from the soluble to the solid phase and vice versa. In this review, two novel aspects of the eukaryotic plastidial starch degradation are discussed: Firstly, biochemical reactions that take place at the surface of particulate glucans and mediate the phase transition of carbohydrates. Secondly, processes that occur downstream of the export of starch-derived sugars into the cytosol. Degradation of transitory starch mainly results in the formation of neutral sugars, such as glucose and maltose, that are transported into the cytosol via the respective translocators. The cytosolic metabolism of the neutral sugars includes the action of a hexokinase, a phosphoglucomutase, and a transglucosidase that utilizes high molecular weight glycans as a transient glucosyl acceptor or donor. Data are included on the transglucosidase (disproportionating isozyme 2) in Cyanophora paradoxa that accumulates storage carbohydrates in the cytosol rather than in the plastid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Fettke
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Mass Spectrometry of Biopolymers, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Hejazi M, Fettke J, Haebel S, Edner C, Paris O, Frohberg C, Steup M, Ritte G. Glucan, water dikinase phosphorylates crystalline maltodextrins and thereby initiates solubilization. Plant J 2008; 55:323-334. [PMID: 18419779 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03513.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Starch phosphorylation by glucan, water dikinase (GWD; EC 2.7.9.4) is an essential step in the breakdown of native starch particles, but the underlying mechanisms have remained obscure. In this paper, the initial reactions of starch degradation were analyzed using crystallized maltodextrins as model carbohydrates. As revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis, the crystallized maltodextrins represent the B-type starch allomorph. Recombinant GWD phosphorylated crystalline maltodextrins with a high specific activity (55-60 nmol mg-1 protein min-1), but exhibited very little activity with the same maltodextrins that had been solubilized by heat treatment. Recombinant phosphoglucan, water dikinase (PWD; EC 2.7.9.5) utilized the crystalline maltodextrins only when pre-phosphorylated by GWD. Phosphorylation of crystalline maltodextrins, as catalyzed by GWD, initiated solubilization of neutral as well as phosphorylated glucans. In both the insoluble and the soluble state, mono-, di- and triphosphorylated alpha-glucans were observed, with wide and overlapping ranges of degree of polymerization. Thus, the substrate specificity of the GWD is defined by the physical arrangement of alpha-glucans rather than by structural parameters, such as the distribution of branching points or degree of polymerization. Unlike GWD and PWD, recombinant beta-amylase isozyme 3 (BAM3), which has been shown to be essential for plastidial starch degradation, preferentially degraded soluble maltodextrins rather than crystallized glucans. In summary, two conclusions were reached. Firstly, carbohydrate targets of GWD are primarily defined by the molecular order of glucan helices. Secondly, GWD-catalyzed phosphorylation mediates the phase transition of glucans from a highly ordered to a less ordered and hydrated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Hejazi
- UP Transfer GmbH, Am Neuen Palais 10, Building 6, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
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Haebel S, Hejazi M, Frohberg C, Heydenreich M, Ritte G. Mass spectrometric quantification of the relative amounts of C6 and C3 position phosphorylated glucosyl residues in starch. Anal Biochem 2008; 379:73-9. [PMID: 18452698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Revised: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The quantification of phosphate bound to the C6 and C3 positions of glucose residues in starch has received increasing interest since the importance of starch phosphorylation for plant metabolism was discovered. The method described here is based on the observation that the isobaric compounds glucose-6-phosphate (Glc6P) and glucose-3-phosphate (Glc3P) exhibit significantly different fragmentation patterns in negative ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). A simple experiment involving collision-induced dissociation (CID) MS(2) spectra of the sample and the two reference substances Glc3P and Glc6P permitted the quantification of the relative amounts of the two compounds in monosaccharide mixtures generated by acid hydrolysis of starch. The method was tested on well-characterized potato tuber starch. The results are consistent with those obtained by NMR analysis. In contrast to NMR, however, the presented method is fast and can be performed on less than 1 mg of starch. Starch samples of other origins exhibiting a variety of phosphorylation degrees were analyzed to assess the sensitivity and robustness of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Haebel
- Center for Mass Spectrometry of Biopolymers, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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Korbekandi H, Abedi D, Pourhossein M, Motovali-Bashi M, Hejazi M, Narimousaei M, Kabiri M. Optimisation of Candida rugosa Lipase Esterase Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/biotech.2008.112.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Edner C, Li J, Albrecht T, Mahlow S, Hejazi M, Hussain H, Kaplan F, Guy C, Smith SM, Steup M, Ritte G. Glucan, water dikinase activity stimulates breakdown of starch granules by plastidial beta-amylases. Plant Physiol 2007; 145:17-28. [PMID: 17631522 PMCID: PMC1976587 DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.104224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Glucan phosphorylating enzymes are required for normal mobilization of starch in leaves of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and potato (Solanum tuberosum), but mechanisms underlying this dependency are unknown. Using two different activity assays, we aimed to identify starch degrading enzymes from Arabidopsis, whose activity is affected by glucan phosphorylation. Breakdown of granular starch by a protein fraction purified from leaf extracts increased approximately 2-fold if the granules were simultaneously phosphorylated by recombinant potato glucan, water dikinase (GWD). Using matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization mass spectrometry several putative starch-related enzymes were identified in this fraction, among them beta-AMYLASE1 (BAM1; At3g23920) and ISOAMYLASE3 (ISA3; At4g09020). Experiments using purified recombinant enzymes showed that BAM1 activity with granules similarly increased under conditions of simultaneous starch phosphorylation. Purified recombinant potato ISA3 (StISA3) did not attack the granular starch significantly with or without glucan phosphorylation. However, starch breakdown by a mixture of BAM1 and StISA3 was 2 times higher than that by BAM1 alone and was further enhanced in the presence of GWD and ATP. Similar to BAM1, maltose release from granular starch by purified recombinant BAM3 (At4g17090), another plastid-localized beta-amylase isoform, increased 2- to 3-fold if the granules were simultaneously phosphorylated by GWD. BAM activity in turn strongly stimulated the GWD-catalyzed phosphorylation. The interdependence between the activities of GWD and BAMs offers an explanation for the severe starch excess phenotype of GWD-deficient mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Edner
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Sarkar S, Hejazi M, Ataie-Fashtami L, Shirkavand A, Alinaghizadeh MR. Evaluation of litcit software for thermal simulation of hair removal lasers. Indian J Dermatol 2007. [DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.35094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
Diagnostic and therapeutic use of radioiodine in the management of thyroid disorders depends on the ability of thyroid cells to concentrate radioiodine, a process regulated by thyrotropin and dependent on the intracellular increase in cAMP. We tested the ability of theophylline, a drug known to increase intracellular cAMP via inhibition of phosphodiesterase, to modulate the thyroidal radioiodine uptake in FRTL-5 cells, in mice and in humans. In FRTL-5 cells, theophylline increased the uptake of radioactive iodine and intracellular cAMP only at low concentrations (1 microM). In mice, theophylline increased slightly the radioiodine uptake, although this increase varied from 1.5- to 6.6-fold. In humans, theophylline decreased slightly the radioiodine uptake, a decrease that became more pronounced with time after radioiodine administration. These studies suggest that theophylline modulates the radioiodine uptake in a dose-dependent fashion, although the modulation is mild and probably not applicable to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Lee
- Department of Pathology, The Hopkins Medical Institutions, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Prahl A, Pazgier M, Hejazi M, Lockau W, Lubkowski J. Structure of the isoaspartyl peptidase withL-asparaginase activity fromEscherichia coli. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2004; 60:1173-6. [PMID: 15159592 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444904003403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2003] [Accepted: 02/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the Escherichia coli enzyme (EcAIII) with isoaspartyl dipeptidase and L-asparaginase activity has been solved and refined to a resolution of 1.65 angstroms, with crystallographic R-factor and Rfree values of 0.178 and 0.209, respectively. EcAIII belongs to the family of N-terminal hydrolases. The amino-acid sequence of EcAIII is homologous to those of putative asparaginases from plants. The structure of EcAIII is similar to the structures of glycosylasparaginases. The mature and catalytically active form of EcAIII is a heterotetramer consisting of two alpha-subunits and two beta-subunits. Both of the equivalent active sites present in the EcAIII tetramer is assisted by a metal-binding site. The metal cations, modelled here as Na+, have not previously been observed in glycosylasparaginases. This reported structure helps to explain the inability of EcAIII and other plant-type asparaginases to hydrolyze N4-(beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl)-L-asparagine, the substrate of glycosylasparaginases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Prahl
- Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Abstract
Recombinant plant-type asparaginases from the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC (Pasteur culture collection) 6803 and Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, from Escherichia coli and from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana were expressed in E. coli with either an N-terminal or a C-terminal His tag, and purified. Although each of the four enzymes is encoded by a single gene, their mature forms consist of two protein subunits that are generated by autoproteolytic cleavage of the primary translation products at the Gly-Thr bond within the sequence GTI/VG. The enzymes not only deamidated asparagine but also hydrolysed a range of isoaspartyl dipeptides. As various isoaspartyl peptides are known to arise from proteolytic degradation of post-translationally altered proteins containing isoaspartyl residues, and from depolymerization of the cyanobacterial reserve polymer multi-L-arginyl-poly-L-aspartic acid (cyanophycin), plant-type asparaginases may not only function in asparagine catabolism but also in the final steps of protein and cyanophycin degradation. The properties of these enzymes are compared with those of the sequence-related glycosylasparaginases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Hejazi
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Chausseestr. 117, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
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Gardea-Torresdey J, Hejazi M, Tiemann K, Parsons JG, Duarte-Gardea M, Henning J. Use of hop (Humulus lupulus) agricultural by-products for the reduction of aqueous lead(II) environmental health hazards. J Hazard Mater 2002; 91:95-112. [PMID: 11900908 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3894(01)00363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The agricultural by-products of the hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.) were investigated to determine their potential for use in the removal of heavy lead(II) ions from contaminated aqueous solutions. Separate batch laboratory experiments were performed to establish the optimal binding pH, time exposures, and capacity of the metal adsorption for lead(II) ions by dried and ground hop leaves and stems biomass. Results from these studies have shown a pH dependent binding trend from pH 2-6, with optimum binding occurring around pH 5.0. Time dependency experiments showed a rapid adsorption of lead(II) ions within the first 5 min of contact. Binding capacity experiments demonstrated that 74.2mg of lead(II) were bound per gram of leaf biomass. Similarly overall capacity was seen for the leaves and stems. Desorption of 99% of the bound lead(II) ions was achieved by exposing the metal laden biomass to 0.5M sodium citrate. Further experiments were performed with silica-immobilized hop tissues to determine the lead(II) binding ability under flow conditions. Comparison studies were performed with ion-exchange resins to evaluate the binding ability and to gain further insight into the metal binding mechanism. X-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments were also utilized to gain further insight into the possible lead(II) binding mechanism by the hop plant tissue. Results from these studies indicate that carboxyl ligands are involved in the binding of lead(II) from aqueous solution. These findings show that the use of hop agricultural waste products may be a viable alternative, for the removal and recovery of aqueous lead(II) ions from contaminated waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gardea-Torresdey
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0513, USA.
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Parsons J, Hejazi M, Tiemann K, Henning J, Gardea-Torresdey J. An XAS study of the binding of copper(II), zinc(II), chromium(III) and chromium(VI) to hops biomass. Microchem J 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0026-265x(02)00013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Caturegli P, Hejazi M, Suzuki K, Dohan O, Carrasco N, Kohn LD, Rose NR. Hypothyroidism in transgenic mice expressing IFN-gamma in the thyroid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:1719-24. [PMID: 10677524 PMCID: PMC26502 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.020522597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IFN-gamma has been implicated with contradictory results in the pathogenetic process of autoimmune (Hashimoto's) thyroiditis, the most common cause of hypothyroidism in adults. To test whether the local production of IFN-gamma can lead to thyroid dysfunction, we have generated transgenic mice that express constitutively IFN-gamma in the thyroid follicular cells. This expression resulted in severe hypothyroidism, with growth retardation and disruption of the thyroid architecture. The hypothyroidism derived from a profound inhibition of the expression of the sodium iodide symporter gene. Taken together, these results indicate a direct role of IFN-gamma in the thyroid dysfunction that occurs in autoimmune thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Caturegli
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Ghaffarnejad M, Hejazi M, Ebrahimi F. The effect of abortion on outcome of subsequent pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(00)80565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Richter R, Hejazi M, Kraft R, Ziegler K, Lockau W. Cyanophycinase, a peptidase degrading the cyanobacterial reserve material multi-L-arginyl-poly-L-aspartic acid (cyanophycin): molecular cloning of the gene of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, expression in Escherichia coli, and biochemical characterization of the purified enzyme. Eur J Biochem 1999; 263:163-9. [PMID: 10429200 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00479.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The branched polypeptide multi-L-arginyl-poly-L-aspartic acid, also called cyanophycin, is a water-insoluble reserve material of cyanobacteria. The polymer is degraded by a specific hydrolytic enzyme called cyanophycinase. By heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, a gene encoding cyanophycinase has been identified in the sequenced genome of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The gene, designated cphB, codes for a protein of 29.4 kDa. The high level of expression of active cyanophycinase in E. coli from the Synechocystis gene allowed for its purification to electrophoretic homogeneity. The enzyme, which appears to be specific for cyanophycin, hydrolysed the polymer to a dipeptide consisting of aspartic acid and arginine. Based on inhibitor sensitivity and primary sequence, cyanophycinase appears to be a serine-type exopeptidase related to dipeptidase E [Conlin, C.A., Haakensson, K., Liljas, A. & Miller, C.G. (1994) J. Bacteriol. 176, 166-172].
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Affiliation(s)
- R Richter
- Biochemie der Pflanzen, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Technological advances have drastically decreased the number of cells required to analyze expression of the genes and functions of the encoded proteins, making even a small organ like a mouse thyroid amenable to study in vitro. We have established primary cultures of mouse thyroids that showed, for up to 14 days after seeding, strong cytoplasmic staining for thyroglobulin. The staining then gradually decreased and was present in only 5-10% of thyrocytes at day 28. Furthermore, cultured thyrocytes expressed the thyroperoxidase and thyrotropin-receptor genes, and, although at lower levels, the sodium-iodide symporter gene. Finally, cultured thyrocytes could be transiently transfected by lipofection, using FuGENE 6. Thus, we report that it is possible to cultivate functional primary mouse thyrocytes that can be used for a variety of biological studies. This system is appealing because it permits the use of the ever-increasing number of transgenic, knock-out and knock-in mouse strains in studying thyroid pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Jeker
- Medical School, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Hejazi M. Temporal lobe epilepsy with schizophrenia. South Med J 1987; 80:1043-5. [PMID: 3616704 DOI: 10.1097/00007611-198708000-00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
I have reported a case of coexisting schizophrenia and complex partial seizures to augment earlier reports of schizophrenia and psychomotor seizures masquerading as one another. I have attempted to clarify the differential diagnosis and reinforce the need to do thorough studies in such cases.
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Hejazi M, Nemat-Nasser S. Static compliance of foundations of arbitrary shape. Nuclear Engineering and Design 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0029-5493(82)90279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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