51
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Hetman M, Slomnicki LP. Ribosomal biogenesis as an emerging target of neurodevelopmental pathologies. J Neurochem 2018; 148:325-347. [PMID: 30144322 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Development of the nervous system is carried out by complex gene expression programs that are regulated at both transcriptional and translational level. In addition, quality control mechanisms such as the TP53-mediated apoptosis or neuronal activity-stimulated survival ensure successful neurogenesis and formation of functional circuitries. In the nucleolus, production of ribosomes is essential for protein synthesis. In addition, it participates in chromatin organization and regulates the TP53 pathway via the ribosomal stress response. Its tight regulation is required for maintenance of genomic integrity. Mutations in several ribosomal components and trans-acting ribosomal biogenesis factors result in neurodevelopmental syndromes that present with microcephaly, autism, intellectual deficits and/or progressive neurodegeneration. Furthermore, ribosomal biogenesis is perturbed by exogenous factors that disrupt neurodevelopment including alcohol or Zika virus. In this review, we present recent literature that argues for a role of dysregulated ribosomal biogenesis in pathogenesis of various neurodevelopmental syndromes. We also discuss potential mechanisms through which such dysregulation may lead to cellular pathologies of the developing nervous system including insufficient proliferation and/or loss of neuroprogenitors cells, apoptosis of immature neurons, altered neuronal morphogenesis, and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hetman
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lukasz P Slomnicki
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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52
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Cordero GA, Liu H, Wimalanathan K, Weber R, Quinteros K, Janzen FJ. Gene network variation and alternative paths to convergent evolution in turtles. Evol Dev 2018; 20:172-185. [DOI: 10.1111/ede.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo A. Cordero
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowa
| | - Haibo Liu
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowa
| | | | - Rachel Weber
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowa
| | - Kevin Quinteros
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowa
| | - Fredric J. Janzen
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowa
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53
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Comparative proteomic analysis of fluoride treated rat bone provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of fluoride toxicity. Toxicol Lett 2018; 291:39-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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54
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Xie Y, Gao Y, Zhang L, Chen Y, Ge W, Tang P. Involvement of serum-derived exosomes of elderly patients with bone loss in failure of bone remodeling via alteration of exosomal bone-related proteins. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12758. [PMID: 29603567 PMCID: PMC5946082 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are secreted into the blood by various types of cells. These extracellular vesicles are involved in the contribution of exosomal proteins to osteoblastic or osteoclastic regulatory networks during the failure of bone remodeling, which results in age-related bone loss. However, the molecular changes in serum-derived exosomes (SDEs) from aged patients with low bone density and their functions in bone remodeling remain to be fully elucidated. We present a quantitative proteomics analysis of exosomes purified from the serum of the elderly patients with osteoporosis/osteopenia and normal volunteers; these data are available via Proteome Xchange with the identifier PXD006463. Overall, 1,371 proteins were identified with an overlap of 1,160 Gene IDs among the ExoCarta proteins. Bioinformatics analysis and in vitro studies suggested that protein changes in SDEs of osteoporosis patients are not only involved in suppressing the integrin-mediated mechanosensation and activation of osteoblastic cells, but also trigger the differentiation and resorption of osteoclasts. In contrast, the main changes in SDEs of osteopenia patients facilitated both activation of osteoclasts and formation of new bone mass, which could result in a compensatory elevation in bone remodeling. While the SDEs from aged normal volunteers might play a protective role in bone health through facilitating adhesion of bone cells and suppressing aging-associated oxidative stress. This information will be helpful in elucidating the pathophysiological functions of SDEs and aid in the development of senile osteoporosis diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xie
- Department of Orthopedics; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Yanpan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology; Department of Immunology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Yanyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology; Department of Immunology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Wei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology; Department of Immunology; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; School of Basic Medicine; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Peifu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing China
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55
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Abstract
The nucleolus is a prominent subnuclear compartment, where ribosome biosynthesis takes place. Recently, the nucleolus has gained attention for its novel role in the regulation of cellular stress. Nucleolar stress is emerging as a new concept, which is characterized by diverse cellular insult-induced abnormalities in nucleolar structure and function, ultimately leading to activation of p53 or other stress signaling pathways and alterations in cell behavior. Despite a number of comprehensive reviews on this concept, straightforward and clear-cut way criteria for a nucleolar stress state, regarding the factors that elicit this state, the morphological and functional alterations as well as the rationale for p53 activation are still missing. Based on literature of the past two decades, we herein summarize the evolution of the concept and provide hallmarks of nucleolar stress. Along with updated information and thorough discussion of existing confusions in the field, we pay particular attention to the current understanding of the sensing mechanisms, i.e., how stress is integrated by p53. In addition, we propose our own emphasis regarding the role of nucleolar protein NPM1 in the hallmarks of nucleolar stress and sensing mechanisms. Finally, the links of nucleolar stress to human diseases are briefly and selectively introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
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56
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Luo C, Liu A, Long W, Liao H, Yang Y. Transcriptome analysis of Cyrtotrachelus buqueti in two cities in China. Gene 2018; 647:1-12. [PMID: 29274908 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to reduce the Cyrtotrachelus buqueti population, which is a serious pest in the bamboo industry, a range of approaches is required, which will be dependent on diverse gene expression influenced by environmental factors. In this study, samples from two regions of China, Muchuan in Sichuan Province and Chishui in Guizhou Province, were investigated through RNA-seq. Approximately 44 million high-quality reads were generated and 94.2% of the data was mapped to the transcriptome. A total of 15,641 out of the 29,406 identified genes were predicted. Moreover, 348 genes were differentially expressed between the two groups of imagoes (77 upregulated and 271 downregulated). The functional analysis showed that these genes were significantly enriched in the ribosome and metabolic pathway categories. The candidate genes contributing to the reduction in C. buqueti included 41 genes involved in the ribosome constitution category, five in the one‑carbon pool pathway by folate category, and five heat shock protein genes. The downregulation of these candidate genes seems to have impaired metabolic processes, such as protein, DNA, RNA, and purine synthesis, as well as carbon and folate metabolism, subsequently resulting in the observed population reduction of C. buqueti. Furthermore, temperature, heavy metal content, and pH might influence the population by altering the expressions of genes involved in these metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobing Luo
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, Sichuan, China; College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Anxuan Liu
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, Sichuan, China; College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, Sichuan, China; College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 6110039, Sichuan, China
| | - Wencong Long
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, Sichuan, China; College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, Sichuan, China; College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 6110039, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, Sichuan, China; College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, Sichuan, China; College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 6110039, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaojun Yang
- Bamboo Diseases and Pests Control and Resources Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, Sichuan, China.
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57
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Neben CL, Tuzon CT, Mao X, Lay FD, Merrill AE. FGFR2 mutations in bent bone dysplasia syndrome activate nucleolar stress and perturb cell fate determination. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:3253-3270. [PMID: 28595297 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) signaling promotes self-renewal in progenitor cells by encouraging proliferation and inhibiting cellular senescence. Yet, these beneficial effects can be hijacked by disease-causing mutations in FGF receptor (FGFR) during embryogenesis. By studying dominant FGFR2 mutations that are germline in bent bone dysplasia syndrome (BBDS), we reveal a mechanistic connection between FGFR2, ribosome biogenesis, and cellular stress that links cell fate determination to disease pathology. We previously showed that FGFR2 mutations in BBDS, which amplify nucleolar targeting of FGFR2, activate ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription and delay differentiation in osteoprogenitor cells and patient-derived bone. Here we find that the BBDS mutations augment the ability of FGFR2 to recruit histone-remodeling factors that epigenetically activate transcriptionally silent rDNA. Nucleolar morphology is controlled by chromatin structure, and the high levels of euchromatic rDNA induced by the BBDS mutations direct nucleolar disorganization, alter ribosome biogenesis, and activate the Rpl11-Mdm2-p53 nucleolar stress response pathway. Inhibition of p53 in cells expressing the FGFR2 mutations in BBDS rescues delayed osteoblast differentiation, suggesting that p53 activation is an essential pathogenic factor in, and potential therapeutic target for, BBDS. This work establishes rDNA as developmentally regulated loci that receive direct input from FGF signaling to balance self-renewal and cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Neben
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Creighton T Tuzon
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaojing Mao
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fides D Lay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy E Merrill
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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58
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Sanchez JC, Kwan EX, Pohl TJ, Amemiya HM, Raghuraman MK, Brewer BJ. Defective replication initiation results in locus specific chromosome breakage and a ribosomal RNA deficiency in yeast. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007041. [PMID: 29036220 PMCID: PMC5658192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A form of dwarfism known as Meier-Gorlin syndrome (MGS) is caused by recessive mutations in one of six different genes (ORC1, ORC4, ORC6, CDC6, CDT1, and MCM5). These genes encode components of the pre-replication complex, which assembles at origins of replication prior to S phase. Also, variants in two additional replication initiation genes have joined the list of causative mutations for MGS (Geminin and CDC45). The identity of the causative MGS genetic variants strongly suggests that some aspect of replication is amiss in MGS patients; however, little evidence has been obtained regarding what aspect of chromosome replication is faulty. Since the site of one of the missense mutations in the human ORC4 alleles is conserved between humans and yeast, we sought to determine in what way this single amino acid change affects the process of chromosome replication, by introducing the comparable mutation into yeast (orc4Y232C). We find that yeast cells with the orc4Y232C allele have a prolonged S-phase, due to compromised replication initiation at the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) locus located on chromosome XII. The inability to initiate replication at the rDNA locus results in chromosome breakage and a severely reduced rDNA copy number in the survivors, presumably helping to ensure complete replication of chromosome XII. Although reducing rDNA copy number may help ensure complete chromosome replication, orc4Y232C cells struggle to meet the high demand for ribosomal RNA synthesis. This finding provides additional evidence linking two essential cellular pathways-DNA replication and ribosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Sanchez
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth X. Kwan
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Pohl
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Haley M. Amemiya
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - M. K. Raghuraman
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Bonita J. Brewer
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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59
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Venugopal P, Moore S, Lawrence DM, George AJ, Hannan RD, Bray SC, To LB, D'Andrea RJ, Feng J, Tirimacco A, Yeoman AL, Young CC, Fine M, Schreiber AW, Hahn CN, Barnett C, Saxon B, Scott HS. Self-reverting mutations partially correct the blood phenotype in a Diamond Blackfan anemia patient. Haematologica 2017; 102:e506-e509. [PMID: 28971907 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.166678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Parvathy Venugopal
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Sarah Moore
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David M Lawrence
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,Australian Cancer Research Foundation Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Amee J George
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia.,Oncogenic Signalling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Ross D Hannan
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia.,Oncogenic Signalling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Ce Bray
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Luen Bik To
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia.,Division of Haematology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Richard J D'Andrea
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.,Division of Haematology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Jinghua Feng
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda Tirimacco
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alexandra L Yeoman
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chun Chun Young
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Miriam Fine
- South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andreas W Schreiber
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,Australian Cancer Research Foundation Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher N Hahn
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher Barnett
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia.,South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ben Saxon
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Haematology, SA Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hamish S Scott
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia .,Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia
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60
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Xie Q, Li C, Song X, Wu L, Jiang Q, Qiu Z, Cao H, Yu K, Wan C, Li J, Yang F, Huang Z, Niu B, Jiang Z, Zhang T. Folate deficiency facilitates recruitment of upstream binding factor to hot spots of DNA double-strand breaks of rRNA genes and promotes its transcription. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:2472-2489. [PMID: 27924000 PMCID: PMC5389733 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The biogenesis of ribosomes in vivo is an essential process for cellular functions. Transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes is the rate-limiting step in ribosome biogenesis controlled by environmental conditions. Here, we investigated the role of folate antagonist on changes of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) landscape in mouse embryonic stem cells. A significant DSB enhancement was detected in the genome of these cells and a large majority of these DSBs were found in rRNA genes. Furthermore, spontaneous DSBs in cells under folate deficiency conditions were located exclusively within the rRNA gene units, representing a H3K4me1 hallmark. Enrichment H3K4me1 at the hot spots of DSB regions enhanced the recruitment of upstream binding factor (UBF) to rRNA genes, resulting in the increment of rRNA genes transcription. Supplement of folate resulted in a restored UBF binding across DNA breakage sites of rRNA genes, and normal rRNA gene transcription. In samples from neural tube defects (NTDs) with low folate level, up-regulation of rRNA gene transcription was observed, along with aberrant UBF level. Our results present a new view by which alterations in folate levels affects DNA breakage through epigenetic control leading to the regulation of rRNA gene transcription during the early stage of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Xie
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Caihua Li
- Genesky Biotechnologies Inc, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xiaozhen Song
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Lihua Wu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Zhiyong Qiu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Haiyan Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Kaihui Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Chunlei Wan
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jianting Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Genesky Biotechnologies Inc, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zebing Huang
- Genesky Biotechnologies Inc, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Bo Niu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
| | | | - Ting Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100020, China
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61
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The importance of ribosome production, and the 5S RNP-MDM2 pathway, in health and disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:1086-90. [PMID: 27528756 PMCID: PMC4984446 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomes are abundant, large RNA–protein complexes that are the source of all protein synthesis in the cell. The production of ribosomes is an extremely energetically expensive cellular process that has long been linked to human health and disease. More recently, it has been shown that ribosome biogenesis is intimately linked to multiple cellular signalling pathways and that defects in ribosome production can lead to a wide variety of human diseases. Furthermore, changes in ribosome production in response to nutrient levels in the diet lead to metabolic re-programming of the liver. Reduced or abnormal ribosome production in response to cellular stress or mutations in genes encoding factors critical for ribosome biogenesis causes the activation of the tumour suppressor p53, which leads to re-programming of cellular transcription. The ribosomal assembly intermediate 5S RNP (ribonucleoprotein particle), containing RPL5, RPL11 and the 5S rRNA, accumulates when ribosome biogenesis is blocked. The excess 5S RNP binds to murine double minute 2 (MDM2), the main p53-suppressor in the cell, inhibiting its function and leading to p53 activation. Here, we discuss the involvement of ribosome biogenesis in the homoeostasis of p53 in the cell and in human health and disease.
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62
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Barraza-García J, Rivera-Pedroza CI, Hisado-Oliva A, Belinchón-Martínez A, Sentchordi-Montané L, Duncan EL, Clark GR, Del Pozo A, Ibáñez-Garikano K, Offiah A, Prieto-Matos P, Cormier-Daire V, Heath KE. Broadening the phenotypic spectrum of POP1-skeletal dysplasias: identification of POP1 mutations in a mild and severe skeletal dysplasia. Clin Genet 2017; 92:91-98. [PMID: 28067412 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Processing of Precursor 1 (POP1) is a large protein common to the ribonuclease-mitochondrial RNA processing (RNase-MRP) and RNase-P (RMRP) endoribonucleoprotein complexes. Although its precise function is unknown, it appears to participate in the assembly or stability of both complexes. Numerous RMRP mutations have been reported in individuals with cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) but, to date, only three POP1 mutations have been described in two families with features similar to anauxetic dysplasia (AD). We present two further individuals, one with severe short stature and a relatively mild skeletal dysplasia and another in whom AD was suspected. Biallelic POP1 mutations were identified in both. A missense mutation and a novel single base deletion were detected in proband 1, p.[Pro582Ser]:[Glu870fs*5]. Markedly reduced abundance of RMRP and elevated levels of pre5.8s rRNA was observed. In proband 2, a homozygous novel POP1 mutation was identified, p.[(Asp511Tyr)];[(Asp511Tyr)]. These two individuals show the phenotypic extremes in the clinical presentation of POP1-dysplasias. Although CHH and other skeletal dysplasias caused by mutations in RMRP or POP1 are commonly cited as ribosomal biogenesis disorders, recent studies question this assumption. We discuss the past and present knowledge about the function of the RMRP complex in skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barraza-García
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Multidisciplinary Skeletal dysplasia Unit (UMDE), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - C I Rivera-Pedroza
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Multidisciplinary Skeletal dysplasia Unit (UMDE), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Hisado-Oliva
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Multidisciplinary Skeletal dysplasia Unit (UMDE), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Belinchón-Martínez
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Multidisciplinary Skeletal dysplasia Unit (UMDE), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Sentchordi-Montané
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Multidisciplinary Skeletal dysplasia Unit (UMDE), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - E L Duncan
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia
| | - G R Clark
- Human Genetics Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A Del Pozo
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - K Ibáñez-Garikano
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Offiah
- Radiology Department, Sheffield Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and Academic Unit of Child Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - P Prieto-Matos
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - V Cormier-Daire
- Department of Medical Genetics, Reference Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, AP-HP, Institut Imagine and Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - K E Heath
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Multidisciplinary Skeletal dysplasia Unit (UMDE), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
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Neben CL, Lay FD, Mao X, Tuzon CT, Merrill AE. Ribosome biogenesis is dynamically regulated during osteoblast differentiation. Gene 2016; 612:29-35. [PMID: 27847259 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Changes in ribosome biogenesis are tightly linked to cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. The rate of ribosome biogenesis is established by RNA Pol I-mediated transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Thus, rRNA gene transcription is a key determinant of cell behavior. Here, we show that ribosome biogenesis is dynamically regulated during osteoblast differentiation. Upon osteoinduction, osteoprogenitor cells transiently silence a subset of rRNA genes through a reversible mechanism that is initiated through biphasic nucleolar depletion of UBF1 and then RNA Pol I. Nucleolar depletion of UBF1 is coincident with an increase in the number of silent but transcriptionally permissible rRNA genes. This increase in the number of silent rRNA genes reduces levels of ribosome biogenesis and subsequently, protein synthesis. Together these findings demonstrate that fluctuations in rRNA gene transcription are determined by nucleolar occupancy of UBF1 and closely coordinated with the early events necessary for acquisition of the osteoblast cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Neben
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Fides D Lay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Xiaojing Mao
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Creighton T Tuzon
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Amy E Merrill
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States.
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64
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Ma P, Wang H, Han L, Jing W, Zhou X, Liu Z. Up-regulation of small nucleolar RNA 78 is correlated with aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5366-6. [PMID: 27770311 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) as a novel molecular species may have significant and comprehensive influences on the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We recently characterized snoRNA transcriptome signatures in HCC tissues by small RNA sequencing and found that small nucleolar RNA 78 (SNORD78) was associated with HCC. However, little is known about the pathological role of SNORD78 in HCC patients. This study aimed to profile SNORD78 expression signature and then to explore the pathogenesis of SNORD78 in HCC. The real-time PCR results showed that SNORD78 was greatly upregulated in HCC tissues than adjacent noncancerous tissues (p = 0.004). Correlation analysis showed that high-level expression of SNORD78 was notably associated with tumor number (single vs. multiply, p = 0.02), stage (I∼II vs. III∼IV, p = 0.014), and distant metastasis (absent vs. present, p = 0.01) in HCC patients. Univatiate and multivariate analyses showed that SNORD78 was a significant prognostic predictor for overall survival and recurrence-free survival of HCC patients (hazard ratio = 1.375, 95 % CI = 1.125-1.680, p = 0.002; hazard ratio = 1.418, 95 % CI = 1.201-1.675, p < 0.001). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that high-level expression of SNORD78 was associated with short overall survival and recurrence-free survival of HCC patients (p = 0.023, 0.014). Functionally, knockdown of SNORD78 significantly inhibited cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion of SK-Hep-1 via inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In conclusion, SNORD78 may be associated with aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Ma
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Han
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Jing
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhisu Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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An evolutionarily conserved element in initiator tRNAs prompts ultimate steps in ribosome maturation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E6126-E6134. [PMID: 27698115 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1609550113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis, a complex multistep process, results in correct folding of rRNAs, incorporation of >50 ribosomal proteins, and their maturation. Deficiencies in ribosome biogenesis may result in varied faults in translation of mRNAs causing cellular toxicities and ribosomopathies in higher organisms. How cells ensure quality control in ribosome biogenesis for the fidelity of its complex function remains unclear. Using Escherichia coli, we show that initiator tRNA (i-tRNA), specifically the evolutionarily conserved three consecutive GC base pairs in its anticodon stem, play a crucial role in ribosome maturation. Deficiencies in cellular contents of i-tRNA confer cold sensitivity and result in accumulation of ribosomes with immature 3' and 5' ends of the 16S rRNA. Overexpression of i-tRNA in various strains rescues biogenesis defects. Participation of i-tRNA in the first round of initiation complex formation licenses the final steps of ribosome maturation by signaling RNases to trim the terminal extensions of immature 16S rRNA.
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66
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Mandalos NP, Remboutsika E. Sox2: To crest or not to crest? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 63:43-49. [PMID: 27592260 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Precise control of neural progenitor transformation into neural crest stem cells ensures proper craniofacial and head development. In the neural progenitor pool, SoxB factors play an essential role as cell fate determinants of neural development, whereas during neural crest stem cell formation, Sox2 plays a predominant role as a guardian of the developmental clock that ensures precision of cell flow in the developing head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Panagiotis Mandalos
- National University of Athens Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 115 27, Athens, Greece; Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre "Alexander Fleming", 34 Fleming Str., 16672 Vari-Attica, Greece; Adjunct Faculty, The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Basic Sciences Division, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, 855 North Wolfe Str., Suite 300, 3rd Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eumorphia Remboutsika
- National University of Athens Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, 75 Mikras Asias Str., 115 27, Athens, Greece; Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre "Alexander Fleming", 34 Fleming Str., 16672 Vari-Attica, Greece; Adjunct Faculty, The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Basic Sciences Division, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, 855 North Wolfe Str., Suite 300, 3rd Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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67
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Noack Watt KE, Achilleos A, Neben CL, Merrill AE, Trainor PA. The Roles of RNA Polymerase I and III Subunits Polr1c and Polr1d in Craniofacial Development and in Zebrafish Models of Treacher Collins Syndrome. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006187. [PMID: 27448281 PMCID: PMC4957770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is a global process required for growth and proliferation of all cells, yet perturbation of ribosome biogenesis during human development often leads to tissue-specific defects termed ribosomopathies. Transcription of the ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) by RNA polymerases (Pol) I and III, is considered a rate limiting step of ribosome biogenesis and mutations in the genes coding for RNA Pol I and III subunits, POLR1C and POLR1D cause Treacher Collins syndrome, a rare congenital craniofacial disorder. Our understanding of the functions of individual RNA polymerase subunits, however, remains poor. We discovered that polr1c and polr1d are dynamically expressed during zebrafish embryonic development, particularly in craniofacial tissues. Consistent with this pattern of activity, polr1c and polr1d homozygous mutant zebrafish exhibit cartilage hypoplasia and cranioskeletal anomalies characteristic of humans with Treacher Collins syndrome. Mechanistically, we discovered that polr1c and polr1d loss-of-function results in deficient ribosome biogenesis, Tp53-dependent neuroepithelial cell death and a deficiency of migrating neural crest cells, which are the primary progenitors of the craniofacial skeleton. More importantly, we show that genetic inhibition of tp53 can suppress neuroepithelial cell death and ameliorate the skeletal anomalies in polr1c and polr1d mutants, providing a potential avenue to prevent the pathogenesis of Treacher Collins syndrome. Our work therefore has uncovered tissue-specific roles for polr1c and polr1d in rRNA transcription, ribosome biogenesis, and neural crest and craniofacial development during embryogenesis. Furthermore, we have established polr1c and polr1d mutant zebrafish as models of Treacher Collins syndrome together with a unifying mechanism underlying its pathogenesis and possible prevention. Ribosomes synthesize all proteins, and are therefore critical for cell growth and proliferation. Ribosome biogenesis, or the process of making ribosomes, is one of the most energy consuming processes within a cell, and disruptions in ribosome biogenesis can lead to congenital disorders termed ribosomopathies. Interestingly, individual ribosomopathies are characterized by tissue-specific phenotypes, which is surprising given the universal importance of ribosomes. Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) for example, is a ribosomopathy characterized by anomalies of facial bones, palate, eyes and ears. Mutations in TCOF1, POLR1C, and POLR1D are associated with the underlying etiology of TCS. TCOF1 plays an important role in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA, one of the rate-limiting steps of ribosome biogenesis. Consequently, TCOF1 is essential for the survival and proliferation of neural crest cell progenitors, which are the precursors of craniofacial bone, cartilage and connective tissue. In contrast, the functions of POLR1C and POLR1D, which are subunits of RNA Polymerases I and III remain unknown. Here we examined the function of polr1c and polr1d during zebrafish development and discovered that these genes display dynamic spatiotemporal activity during embryogenesis with enriched expression in craniofacial tissues. Furthermore, we observed that polr1c and polr1d loss-of-function zebrafish exhibit anomalies in craniofacial cartilage development, which reflects the characteristic features of TCS. An examination of polr1c-/- and polr1d-/- mutants revealed that diminished ribosome biogenesis results in neuroepithelial cell death and a deficiency of migrating neural crest cells, which are the progenitors of the craniofacial skeleton. Moreover, the cell death observed in polr1c-/- and polr1d-/- mutants is Tp53-dependent, and inhibition of tp53 is sufficient to repress cell death and rescue cranioskeletal cartilage formation in polr1c-/- and polr1d-/- mutant embryos. These studies provide evidence for tissue-specific functions of polr1c and polr1d during embryonic development, while also establishing polr1c and polr1d loss-of-function zebrafish mutants as models of Treacher Collins syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E. Noack Watt
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Annita Achilleos
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Cynthia L. Neben
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Amy E. Merrill
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Paul A. Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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68
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Sondalle SB, Baserga SJ, Yelick PC. The Contributions of the Ribosome Biogenesis Protein Utp5/WDR43 to Craniofacial Development. J Dent Res 2016; 95:1214-20. [PMID: 27221611 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516651077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fairly recently, it was recognized that human ribosomopathies-developmental defects caused by mutations in ribosome biogenesis proteins-can exhibit tissue-specific defects rather than the expected global defects. This apparent anomaly-that seemingly ubiquitously expressed and required ribosomal proteins can have distinct functions in cell and tissue differentiation-has spurred new areas of research focused on better understanding translational mechanisms, biogenesis, and function in diverse cell types. This renewed appreciation for, and need to better understand, roles for ribosomal proteins in human development and disease has identified surprising similarities and differences in a variety of human ribosomopathies. Here, we discuss ribosomal protein functions in health and disease, focusing on the ribosome biogenesis protein Utp5/WDR43. New and exciting research in this field is anticipated to provide insight into a variety of previously understudied craniofacial dysostoses and result in significantly improved knowledge and understanding of roles for translational machinery in human craniofacial development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Sondalle
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S J Baserga
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - P C Yelick
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Craniofacial and Molecular Genetics, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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69
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Slomnicki LP, Malinowska A, Kistowski M, Palusinski A, Zheng JJ, Sepp M, Timmusk T, Dadlez M, Hetman M. Nucleolar Enrichment of Brain Proteins with Critical Roles in Human Neurodevelopment. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:2055-75. [PMID: 27053602 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.051920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To study nucleolar involvement in brain development, the nuclear and nucleolar proteomes from the rat cerebral cortex at postnatal day 7 were analyzed using LC-MS/iTRAQ methodology. Data of the analysis are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002188. Among 504 candidate nucleolar proteins, the overrepresented gene ontology terms included such cellular compartmentcategories as "nucleolus", "ribosome" and "chromatin". Consistent with such classification, the most overrepresented functional gene ontology terms were related to RNA metabolism/ribosomal biogenesis, translation, and chromatin organization. Sixteen putative nucleolar proteins were associated with neurodevelopmental phenotypes in humans. Microcephaly and/or cognitive impairment were the most common phenotypic manifestations. Although several such proteins have links to ribosomal biogenesis and/or genomic stability/chromatin structure (e.g. EMG1, RPL10, DKC1, EIF4A3, FLNA, SMC1, ATRX, MCM4, NSD1, LMNA, or CUL4B), others including ADAR, LARP7, GTF2I, or TCF4 have no such connections known. Although neither the Alazami syndrome-associated LARP7nor the Pitt-Hopkins syndrome-associated TCF4 were reported in nucleoli of non-neural cells, in neurons, their nucleolar localization was confirmed by immunostaining. In cultured rat hippocampal neurons, knockdown of LARP7 reduced both perikaryal ribosome content and general protein synthesis. Similar anti-ribosomal/anti-translation effects were observed after knockdown of the ribosomal biogenesis factor EMG1 whose deficiency underlies Bowen-Conradi syndrome. Finally, moderate reduction of ribosome content and general protein synthesis followed overexpression of two Pitt-Hopkins syndrome mutant variants of TCF4. Therefore, dysregulation of ribosomal biogenesis and/or other functions of the nucleolus may disrupt neurodevelopment resulting in such phenotypes as microcephaly and/or cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz P Slomnicki
- From the ‡Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center and the Departments of Neurological Surgery and
| | - Agata Malinowska
- ¶Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Kistowski
- ¶Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antoni Palusinski
- ‖Department of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jing-Juan Zheng
- From the ‡Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center and the Departments of Neurological Surgery and
| | - Mari Sepp
- **Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tonis Timmusk
- **Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Michal Dadlez
- ¶Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Hetman
- From the ‡Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center and the Departments of Neurological Surgery and §Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky;
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Lau MCC, Kwong EML, Lai KP, Li JW, Ho JCH, Chan TF, Wong CKC, Jiang YJ, Tse WKF. Pathogenesis of POLR1C-dependent Type 3 Treacher Collins Syndrome revealed by a zebrafish model. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1147-58. [PMID: 26972049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS) is a rare congenital birth disorder (1 in 50,000 live births) characterized by severe craniofacial defects, including the downward slanting palpebral fissures, hypoplasia of the facial bones, and cleft palate (CP). Over 90% of patients with TCS have a mutation in the TCOF1 gene. However, some patients exhibit mutations in two new causative genes, POLR1C and POLR1D, which encode subunits of RNA polymerases I and III, that affect ribosome biogenesis. In this study, we examine the role of POLR1C in TCS using zebrafish as a model system. Our data confirmed that polr1c is highly expressed in the facial region, and dysfunction of this gene by knockdown or knock-out resulted in mis-expression of neural crest cells during early development that leads to TCS phenotype. Next generation sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of the polr1c mutants further demonstrated the up-regulated p53 pathway and predicted skeletal disorders. Lastly, we partially rescued the TCS facial phenotype in the background of p53 mutants, which supported the hypothesis that POLR1C-dependent type 3 TCS is associated with the p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Keng Po Lai
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jing-Woei Li
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Ting-Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Yun-Jin Jiang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
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71
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Twigg SRF, Wilkie AOM. New insights into craniofacial malformations. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:R50-9. [PMID: 26085576 PMCID: PMC4571997 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the human skull and face is a highly orchestrated and complex three-dimensional morphogenetic process, involving hundreds of genes controlling the coordinated patterning, proliferation and differentiation of tissues having multiple embryological origins. Craniofacial malformations that occur because of abnormal development (including cleft lip and/or palate, craniosynostosis and facial dysostoses), comprise over one-third of all congenital birth defects. High-throughput sequencing has recently led to the identification of many new causative disease genes and functional studies have clarified their mechanisms of action. We present recent findings in craniofacial genetics and discuss how this information together with developmental studies in animal models is helping to increase understanding of normal craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R F Twigg
- Clinical Genetics Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Andrew O M Wilkie
- Clinical Genetics Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
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72
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Ribosome profiling reveals the what, when, where and how of protein synthesis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2015; 16:651-64. [PMID: 26465719 DOI: 10.1038/nrm4069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ribosome profiling, which involves the deep sequencing of ribosome-protected mRNA fragments, is a powerful tool for globally monitoring translation in vivo. The method has facilitated discovery of the regulation of gene expression underlying diverse and complex biological processes, of important aspects of the mechanism of protein synthesis, and even of new proteins, by providing a systematic approach for experimental annotation of coding regions. Here, we introduce the methodology of ribosome profiling and discuss examples in which this approach has been a key factor in guiding biological discovery, including its prominent role in identifying thousands of novel translated short open reading frames and alternative translation products.
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73
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Differential Genes Expression between Fertile and Infertile Spermatozoa Revealed by Transcriptome Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127007. [PMID: 25973848 PMCID: PMC4431685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It was believed earlier that spermatozoa have no traces of RNA because of loss of most of the cytoplasm. Recent studies have revealed the presence of about 3000 different kinds of mRNAs in ejaculated spermatozoa. However, the correlation of transcriptome profile with infertility remains obscure. Methods Total RNA from sperm (after exclusion of somatic cells) of 60 men consisting of individuals with known fertility (n=20), idiopathic infertility (normozoospermic patients, n=20), and asthenozoospermia (n=20) was isolated. After RNA quality check on Bioanalyzer, AffymetrixGeneChip Human Gene 1.0 ST Array was used for expression profiling, which consisted of >30,000 coding transcripts and >11,000 long intergenic non-coding transcripts. Results Comparison between all three groups revealed that two thousand and eighty one transcripts were differentially expressed. Analysis of these transcripts showed that some transcripts [ribosomal proteins (RPS25, RPS11, RPS13, RPL30, RPL34, RPL27, RPS5), HINT1, HSP90AB1, SRSF9, EIF4G2, ILF2] were up-regulated in the normozoospermic group, but down-regulated in the asthenozoospermic group in comparison to the control group. Some transcripts were specific to the normozoospermic group (up-regulated: CAPNS1, FAM153C, ARF1, CFL1, RPL19, USP22; down-regulated: ZNF90, SMNDC1, c14orf126, HNRNPK), while some were specific to the asthenozoospermic group (up-regulated: RPL24, HNRNPM, RPL4, PRPF8, HTN3, RPL11, RPL28, RPS16, SLC25A3, C2orf24, RHOA, GDI2, NONO, PARK7; down-regulated: HNRNPC, SMARCAD1, RPS24, RPS24, RPS27A, KIFAP3). A number of differentially expressed transcripts in spermatozoa were related to reproduction (n = 58) and development (n= 210). Some of these transcripts were related to heat shock proteins (DNAJB4, DNAJB14), testis specific genes (TCP11, TESK1, TSPYL1, ADAD1), and Y-chromosome genes (DAZ1, TSPYL1). Conclusion A complex RNA population in spermatozoa consisted of coding and non-coding RNAs. A number of transcripts that participate in a host of cellular processes, including reproduction and development were differentially expressed between fertile and infertile individuals. Differences between comparison groups suggest that sperm RNA has strong potential of acting as markers for fertility evaluation.
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74
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Weaver K, Watt K, Hufnagel R, Navajas Acedo J, Linscott L, Sund K, Bender P, König R, Lourenco C, Hehr U, Hopkin R, Lohmann D, Trainor P, Wieczorek D, Saal H. Acrofacial Dysostosis, Cincinnati Type, a Mandibulofacial Dysostosis Syndrome with Limb Anomalies, Is Caused by POLR1A Dysfunction. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:765-74. [PMID: 25913037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We report three individuals with a cranioskeletal malformation syndrome that we define as acrofacial dysostosis, Cincinnati type. Each individual has a heterozygous mutation in POLR1A, which encodes a core component of RNA polymerase 1. All three individuals exhibit varying degrees of mandibulofacial dysostosis, and two additionally have limb anomalies. Consistent with this observation, we discovered that polr1a mutant zebrafish exhibited cranioskeletal anomalies mimicking the human phenotype. polr1a loss of function led to perturbed ribosome biogenesis and p53-dependent cell death, resulting in a deficiency of neural-crest-derived skeletal precursor cells and consequently craniofacial anomalies. Our findings expand the genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity of congenital acrofacial disorders caused by disruption of ribosome biogenesis.
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75
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Regulatory role of small nucleolar RNAs in human diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:206849. [PMID: 26060813 PMCID: PMC4427830 DOI: 10.1155/2015/206849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are appreciable players in gene expression regulation in human cells. The canonical function of box C/D and box H/ACA snoRNAs is posttranscriptional modification of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), namely, 2'-O-methylation and pseudouridylation, respectively. A series of independent studies demonstrated that snoRNAs, as well as other noncoding RNAs, serve as the source of various short regulatory RNAs. Some snoRNAs and their fragments can also participate in the regulation of alternative splicing and posttranscriptional modification of mRNA. Alterations in snoRNA expression in human cells can affect numerous vital cellular processes. SnoRNA level in human cells, blood serum, and plasma presents a promising target for diagnostics and treatment of human pathologies. Here we discuss the relation between snoRNAs and oncological, neurodegenerative, and viral diseases and also describe changes in snoRNA level in response to artificial stress and some drugs.
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76
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Yelick PC, Trainor PA. Ribosomopathies: Global process, tissue specific defects. Rare Dis 2015; 3:e1025185. [PMID: 26442198 PMCID: PMC4590025 DOI: 10.1080/21675511.2015.1025185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruptions in ribosomal biogenesis would be expected to have global and in fact lethal effects on a developing organism. However, mutations in ribosomal protein genes have been shown in to exhibit tissue specific defects. This seemingly contradictory finding - that globally expressed genes thought to play fundamental housekeeping functions can in fact exhibit tissue and cell type specific functions - provides new insight into roles for ribosomes, the protein translational machinery of the cell, in regulating normal development and disease. Furthermore it illustrates the surprisingly dynamic nature of processes regulating cell type specific protein translation. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge of a variety of ribosomal protein mutations associated with human disease, and models to better understand the molecular mechanisms associated with each. We use specific examples to emphasize both the similarities and differences between the effects of various human ribosomal protein mutations. Finally, we discuss areas of future study that are needed to further our understanding of the role of ribosome biogenesis in normal development, and possible approaches that can be used to treat debilitating ribosomopathy diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute ; Kansas City, MO USA ; University of Kansas Medical Center ; Kansas City, KS USA
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The ribosome biogenesis factor Nol11 is required for optimal rDNA transcription and craniofacial development in Xenopus. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005018. [PMID: 25756904 PMCID: PMC4354908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of ribosomes is ubiquitous and fundamental to life. As such, it is surprising that defects in ribosome biogenesis underlie a growing number of symptomatically distinct inherited disorders, collectively called ribosomopathies. We previously determined that the nucleolar protein, NOL11, is essential for optimal pre-rRNA transcription and processing in human tissue culture cells. However, the role of NOL11 in the development of a multicellular organism remains unknown. Here, we reveal a critical function for NOL11 in vertebrate ribosome biogenesis and craniofacial development. Nol11 is strongly expressed in the developing cranial neural crest (CNC) of both amphibians and mammals, and knockdown of Xenopus nol11 results in impaired pre-rRNA transcription and processing, increased apoptosis, and abnormal development of the craniofacial cartilages. Inhibition of p53 rescues this skeletal phenotype, but not the underlying ribosome biogenesis defect, demonstrating an evolutionarily conserved control mechanism through which ribosome-impaired craniofacial cells are removed. Excessive activation of this mechanism impairs craniofacial development. Together, our findings reveal a novel requirement for Nol11 in craniofacial development, present the first frog model of a ribosomopathy, and provide further insight into the clinically important relationship between specific ribosome biogenesis proteins and craniofacial cell survival.
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78
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Gamalinda M, Woolford JL. Paradigms of ribosome synthesis: Lessons learned from ribosomal proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 3:e975018. [PMID: 26779413 DOI: 10.4161/21690731.2014.975018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The proteome in all cells is manufactured via the intricate process of translation by multimolecular factories called ribosomes. Nevertheless, these ribonucleoprotein particles, the largest of their kind, also have an elaborate assembly line of their own. Groundbreaking discoveries that bacterial ribosomal subunits can be self-assembled in vitro jumpstarted studies on how ribosomes are constructed. Until recently, ribosome assembly has been investigated almost entirely in vitro with bacterial small subunits under equilibrium conditions. In light of high-resolution ribosome structures and a more sophisticated toolkit, the past decade has been defined by a burst of kinetic studies in vitro and, importantly, also a shift to examining ribosome maturation in living cells, especially in eukaryotes. In this review, we summarize the principles governing ribosome assembly that emerged from studies focusing on ribosomal proteins and their interactions with rRNA. Understanding these paradigms has taken center stage, given the linkage between anomalous ribosome biogenesis and proliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gamalinda
- Department of Biological Sciences; Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh, PA USA; Present Address: Department of Epigenetics; Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics; Freiburg, Germany
| | - John L Woolford
- Department of Biological Sciences; Carnegie Mellon University ; Pittsburgh, PA USA
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79
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Abstract
A rare disease is defined as a condition that affects less than 1 in 2000 individuals. Currently more than 7000 rare diseases have been documented, and most are thought to be of genetic origin. Rare diseases primarily affect children, and congenital craniofacial syndromes and disorders constitute a significant proportion of rare diseases, with over 700 having been described to date. Modeling craniofacial disorders in animal models has been instrumental in uncovering the etiology and pathogenesis of numerous conditions and in some cases has even led to potential therapeutic avenues for their prevention. In this chapter, we focus primarily on two general classes of rare disorders, ribosomopathies and ciliopathies, and the surprising finding that the disruption of fundamental, global processes can result in tissue-specific craniofacial defects. In addition, we discuss recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of an extremely rare and specific craniofacial condition known as syngnathia, based on the first mouse models for this condition. Approximately 1% of all babies are born with a minor or major developmental anomaly, and individuals suffering from rare diseases deserve the same quality of treatment and care and attention to their disease as other patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annita Achilleos
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
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80
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TGF-β1, Ghrelin, Neurexin, and Neuroligin are Predictive Biomarkers for Postoperative Prognosis of Laparoscopic Surgery in Children with Hirschsprung Disease. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 71:1249-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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81
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Beck-Cormier S, Escande M, Souilhol C, Vandormael-Pournin S, Sourice S, Pilet P, Babinet C, Cohen-Tannoudji M. Notchless is required for axial skeleton formation in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98507. [PMID: 24875805 PMCID: PMC4038589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of cell survival is essential for proper embryonic development. In the mouse, Notchless homolog 1 (Drosophila) (Nle1) is instrumental for survival of cells of the inner cell mass upon implantation. Here, we analyze the function of Nle1 after implantation using the Meox2tm1(cre)Sor mouse that expresses the Cre recombinase specifically in the epiblast at E5.5. First, we find that NLE1 function is required in epiblast cells, as Nle1-deficient cells are rapidly eliminated. In this report, we also show that the Meox2Cre transgene is active in specific tissues during organogenesis. In particular, we detect high Cre expression in the vertebral column, ribs, limbs and tailbud. We took advantage of this dynamic expression profile to analyze the effects of inducing mosaic deletion of Nle1 in the embryo. We show that Nle1 deletion in this context, results in severe developmental anomalies leading to lethality at birth. Mutant embryos display multiple developmental defects in particular during axial skeletal formation. We also provide evidence that axial defects are due to an increase in apoptotic cell death in the somite at E9.5. These data demonstrate an essential role for Nle1 during organogenesis and in particular during axial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Beck-Cormier
- Mouse Functional Genetics, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA 2578, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Marie Escande
- Mouse Functional Genetics, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Céline Souilhol
- Mouse Functional Genetics, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Vandormael-Pournin
- Mouse Functional Genetics, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA 2578, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Sourice
- Institut National de la Santé et de la recherche Médicale, U791, LIOAD, STEP group “Skeletal Tissue Engineering and Physiopathology”, Nantes, France
| | - Paul Pilet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la recherche Médicale, U791, LIOAD, STEP group “Skeletal Tissue Engineering and Physiopathology”, Nantes, France
| | - Charles Babinet
- Mouse Functional Genetics, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA 2578, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Michel Cohen-Tannoudji
- Mouse Functional Genetics, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA 2578, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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